CN1066807C - 螺栓防松组件 - Google Patents

螺栓防松组件 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1066807C
CN1066807C CN96114402A CN96114402A CN1066807C CN 1066807 C CN1066807 C CN 1066807C CN 96114402 A CN96114402 A CN 96114402A CN 96114402 A CN96114402 A CN 96114402A CN 1066807 C CN1066807 C CN 1066807C
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bolt
retention device
screw retention
head
screw
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Expired - Lifetime
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CN1151490A (zh
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G·雷纳思
H·森恩
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General Electric Technology GmbH
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Asea Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B39/00Locking of screws, bolts or nuts
    • F16B39/02Locking of screws, bolts or nuts in which the locking takes place after screwing down
    • F16B39/10Locking of screws, bolts or nuts in which the locking takes place after screwing down by a plate, spring, wire or ring immovable with regard to the bolt or object and mainly perpendicular to the axis of the bolt
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/08Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of welds or the like

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)
  • Bolts, Nuts, And Washers (AREA)
  • Standing Axle, Rod, Or Tube Structures Coupled By Welding, Adhesion, Or Deposition (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于将第一构件(2a)和第二构件(2b)固紧的螺栓(1)的螺栓防松组件,下支承垫片(5b)以形状相配而啮合的方式置于第一构件(2a)上,且同时借助于螺栓(1)头部夹紧在第一构件(2a)上。锁止垫片(5a)以形状相配而啮合的方式与螺栓(1)头部相连接,且锁止垫片(5a)借助焊缝(4)与下支承垫片(5b)连接成一体。

Description

螺栓防松组件
本发明涉及一种用于将两构件固紧的螺栓的防松组件。
拧紧螺栓时,螺纹在其一侧相紧靠。螺栓自锁时,螺纹支承面上产生的摩擦力防止其松动。若由于打滑而预紧力为零时,则不能压紧螺纹,螺栓就可能产生松动。在撞击和振动时就能达到此极限情况。在此情况,人们在螺栓连接时使用防松部件,这种防松部件大大提高了螺栓超过抗弯强度时出现的极限移动点,以致在实际条件下不再超过此极限点。防松部件阻止各自松动,且保持80%以上的预紧力。相应于使用场合的不同要求,采用不同的防松部件。这些要求包括动力负载、热负载以及由此对要固紧的构件和螺栓连接件在材料选择上所增加的条件。
例如,对于主要在垂直于螺栓轴要求高预紧螺栓连接以及待固紧构件表面不坚硬的场合采用棘爪螺栓螺母(Sperrzahnschrauben und-muttern)就属于这种情况。
与此相反,对于硬表面要使用微密封粘合剂。然而,在这种情况所使用粘合剂的温度极限限制了其使用范围;且要注意的是,安装期间粘合表面是无脂的。
此外,可以采用带凸缘或外凸肩的形状相配的压紧垫片作为防松部件,但其使用范围受到螺栓强度低的限制。
另外,使用以焊点或焊缝方式形成的不可拆防松部件。在那里,预紧螺栓的头部直接焊接到被固紧的构件上。采用这种防松手段的先决条件是所使用螺栓和构件材料的可焊接性。通常,仅仅那些非高强度合金在室内条件下是可焊接的。与此相反,对于高强度合金,其可焊接性大多数较差,由于其特殊的焊接条件、预热和冷却过程,既费钱又费时。尤其当因动态工作条件和热工作条件,待固紧构件以及螺栓连接件由高强度、不可焊接的材料制成时,这样的花费是不可缺少的。
如果工作条件允许使用可焊接的螺栓时,则用于不易焊接构件上的可焊接螺栓的防松部件是比较简单的。在此情况下,与构件形状相配而啮合的可焊接垫片被一起夹紧,而后其与螺栓头相焊接。
本发明的目的是进一步改进上述类型的螺栓防松组件,对于焊接性能差或不可焊接的螺栓或母材可以以简单而经济的方式来确保螺栓不会松动。
为达到本发明的目的,对于将两构件固紧的螺栓采用这样的防松组件:下支承垫片以形状相配而啮合的方式置于第一构件上,并借助于螺栓头部夹紧在第一构件上;锁止垫片以形状相配方式与螺栓头部相啮合;锁止垫片借助焊缝与下支承垫片连接成一体。
本发明的优点在于:螺栓防松组件可被分开,它既不会损坏螺栓连接件,也不会损坏被固紧的构件。该优点对于使用价格比较昂贵的高硬合金尤其具有重要意义。
下面结合附图对本发明的实施方式作一概要描述。
图1给出了带有不可拆的螺栓防松组件的螺栓连接件的纵剖图。
图2给出该螺栓防松组件的俯视图。
图中仅仅给出那些有助于理解本发明的基本部件。
图1中,附图标记1表示将第一构件2a与第二构件2b固紧的六角螺栓,并由一个螺栓防松组件7来确保其不会松动。螺栓1穿过第一构件的孔3,并旋紧在第二构件2b上。在螺栓1的头部和第一构件2a之间,将一个椭圆形支承垫片5b置于槽6中,并被夹紧。图2以螺栓头部俯视图方式清楚地给出这种安排布置。六角螺栓头部在固紧后由一个带有内六角孔的锁止环5a来包围住。螺栓防松组件7的两个基本部件5a、5b由在室内条件下易焊接的材料制成,它们通过焊缝4不可折地互相焊接在一起,从而确保螺栓1不会松动。
这样制成的螺栓防松组件基于其锁止性质形成一个以形状相配而啮合的、不可折的组合。椭圆形支承垫片5b以形状相配啮合的方式设置在第一构件2a上,锁止环5a也以形状相配而啮合的方式与螺栓1相连接,该椭圆形支承垫片5b和锁止环5a以不可拆的方式焊接在一起。
在那些工作条件要求对需固紧构件2a、2b和螺栓1选择特定材料的场合,这类螺栓防松组件7得到广泛的应用。例如,在高温和伴有扭剪应力的机械振动、且同时状态参数不断变化的条件下,对该需固紧构件2a、2b以及螺栓1要求采用高硬金属合金。这样的高硬金属合金通常仅仅在相当昂贵的费用花费时才可在大气环境下进行焊接。而对于本发明的螺栓防松组件,可以使用那些在室内条件焊接简单且费用低的金属合金。
这样,从经济角度出发,通过所述不同金属合金的组合,将对构件2a、2b和螺栓1所要求的高强度与不可拆的螺栓防松组件7的预计特性结合了起来。
另一优点在于,在焊缝4处拆开螺栓防松组件时,既不会损坏构件2a、2b,又不会损坏螺栓。
当然,本发明不局限于所述的实施方式。例如,不可拆的螺栓防松组件7还可以置入所有由不可焊接材料制成的固紧构件2a、2b和螺栓1上。同样,就本发明来说,还可以采用一个具有内六角孔的螺栓头部以及一个与该螺栓头部形状相配啮合的相应锁止件5a,它与以形状相配而啮合的方式布置在壳体上的支承垫片5b相焊接。

Claims (1)

1.用于将第一构件(2a)和第二构件(2b)固紧的螺栓(1)的防松组件,其特征在于:
-下支承垫片(5b)以形状相配而啮合的方式置于第一构件(2a)上,且借助于螺栓(1)的头部夹紧在第一构件(2a)上;
-锁止垫片(5a)以形状相配方式与螺栓(1)的头部相啮合;
-锁止垫片(5a)借助焊缝(4)与下支承垫片(5b)连接成一体。
CN96114402A 1995-11-02 1996-11-02 螺栓防松组件 Expired - Lifetime CN1066807C (zh)

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DE19540743A DE19540743A1 (de) 1995-11-02 1995-11-02 Schraubensicherung
DE19540743.1 1995-11-02

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CN1151490A CN1151490A (zh) 1997-06-11
CN1066807C true CN1066807C (zh) 2001-06-06

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US (1) US5711644A (zh)
EP (1) EP0771955B1 (zh)
JP (1) JPH09166117A (zh)
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DE (2) DE19540743A1 (zh)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101372998B (zh) * 2007-07-09 2012-07-11 Vega格里沙贝两合公司 用于螺栓和/或螺母的定位装置

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DE19908134A1 (de) 1999-02-25 2000-08-31 Abb Alstom Power Ch Ag Sicherungsvorrichtung für eine Schraube oder eine Schraubenmutter
US6868613B2 (en) 2000-12-12 2005-03-22 Melvin W. Sumner Trim installation tool and method
US6669419B1 (en) * 2002-01-25 2003-12-30 Radio Systems Corporation Probe locking washer
WO2003104662A2 (en) 2002-06-10 2003-12-18 Textron Inc. One-piece flag nut
EP1548227A1 (en) * 2003-12-22 2005-06-29 Services Petroliers Schlumberger Disposable locking mechanism
US7008158B2 (en) * 2004-02-05 2006-03-07 Madden Iii James William Bolt or nut locking fastener and fastening system
JP4837412B2 (ja) * 2006-03-23 2011-12-14 公益財団法人鉄道総合技術研究所 橋まくらぎレール締結装置
JP4942562B2 (ja) * 2006-06-19 2012-05-30 東北ネヂ製造株式会社 橋枕木固定用フックボルト、座金及び橋枕木
DE102006040272A1 (de) * 2006-08-28 2008-03-06 Westinghouse Electric Germany Gmbh Kernumfassungsschraube, Anordnung und Verfahren zum gesicherten Einbau und/oder Austausch von Kernumfassungsschrauben
CN102758825B (zh) * 2012-07-25 2014-06-11 中国核动力研究设计院 一种用于压水型核反应堆堆内构件联接锁紧装置的复圆工具
CN109969904B (zh) * 2014-03-27 2021-03-02 三菱电机株式会社 电梯用导轨固定装置及其固定方法
ES2774575T3 (es) * 2015-02-17 2020-07-21 Maschio Gaspardo Spa Unidad de corte para una máquina giratoria para mullir la tierra
CN105937403A (zh) * 2016-06-07 2016-09-14 于守东 一种柔性锚杆
CN106194967A (zh) * 2016-09-23 2016-12-07 江西洪都航空工业集团有限责任公司 一种螺栓防松组件
CN106812629A (zh) * 2016-11-22 2017-06-09 上海空间推进研究所 一种应用于火箭发动机燃烧室的防松方法
CN109578418A (zh) * 2018-12-07 2019-04-05 国家电网有限公司 一种螺栓锁定结构

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FR2604496A1 (fr) * 1986-09-29 1988-04-01 Europ Propulsion Dispositif de freinage d'un organe a immobiliser

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3351116A (en) * 1965-12-20 1967-11-07 Marvin J Madsen Lock washer
FR2604496A1 (fr) * 1986-09-29 1988-04-01 Europ Propulsion Dispositif de freinage d'un organe a immobiliser

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101372998B (zh) * 2007-07-09 2012-07-11 Vega格里沙贝两合公司 用于螺栓和/或螺母的定位装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5711644A (en) 1998-01-27
EP0771955B1 (de) 1999-12-22
DE19540743A1 (de) 1997-05-07
DE59603974D1 (de) 2000-01-27
CN1151490A (zh) 1997-06-11
JPH09166117A (ja) 1997-06-24
EP0771955A1 (de) 1997-05-07

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