CN106675324A - 一种工业遗产钢结构中间层连接剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种工业遗产钢结构中间层连接剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106675324A CN106675324A CN201611116183.9A CN201611116183A CN106675324A CN 106675324 A CN106675324 A CN 106675324A CN 201611116183 A CN201611116183 A CN 201611116183A CN 106675324 A CN106675324 A CN 106675324A
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D163/00—Coating compositions based on epoxy resins; Coating compositions based on derivatives of epoxy resins
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/36—Successively applying liquids or other fluent materials, e.g. without intermediate treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/36—Successively applying liquids or other fluent materials, e.g. without intermediate treatment
- B05D1/38—Successively applying liquids or other fluent materials, e.g. without intermediate treatment with intermediate treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/002—Pretreatement
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/007—After-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D163/00—Coating compositions based on epoxy resins; Coating compositions based on derivatives of epoxy resins
- C09D163/04—Epoxynovolacs
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D167/00—Coating compositions based on polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D167/06—Unsaturated polyesters having carbon-to-carbon unsaturation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/08—Anti-corrosive paints
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种工业遗产钢结构中间层连接剂及其制备方法和应用,属于工业遗产钢结构保护领域。它包括有按重量份计的如下组分:偶联剂改性的包覆树脂液25~30%、环氧树脂25~30%、固化剂15~30%、分散剂1~2%、渗透剂2~5%、成膜助剂9~25%、活性溶剂4~20%、第二偶联剂2~8%。本品用于渗透性底涂与面涂的连接,增加与渗透性底涂的附着力,同时增加与面涂的配套性,增加面涂的哑光效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种工业遗产钢结构中间层连接剂及其制备方法和应用,属于工业遗产钢结构保护领域。
背景技术
多地产生的工业遗产,钢结构形状复杂,基层表面物质复杂多样。结构形式多样。并提出几十年甚至上百年的保护要求,作为文化遗产保留下来,而过去有很多存在酸、碱、盐腐蚀介质环境。现在要克服紫外线、空气中的二氧化碳、雾霾、雨水等的长期侵蚀。
发明内容
本发明的目的是:提供一种工业遗产钢结构中间层连接剂及其制备方法和应用,通过有效地对工业遗产表面进行防护。
根据本发明的第一个方面,一种工业遗产钢结构基层保护剂,它包括有按重量份计的如下组分:结晶性树脂液7~10%、环氧树脂25~30%、固化剂5~15%、分散剂3~5%、渗透剂3~8%、缓蚀剂3~10%、成膜助剂3~10%、活性溶剂13~25%。
所述的结晶性树脂液优选丙烯酸改性聚丙烯结晶树脂乳液。
所述的渗透剂为渗透剂BX、渗透剂T或渗透剂JFC。
上述的基层保护剂的制备方法:在反应釜添加结晶性树脂液、环氧树脂,加温搅拌,并加入分散剂、渗透剂、缓蚀剂、成膜助剂、活性溶剂,进行聚合反应,控制温度和时间,最终完成聚合反应。
根据本发明的第二个方面,工业遗产钢结构中间层连接剂,它包括有按重量份计的如下组分:偶联剂改性的包覆树脂液25~30%、环氧树脂25~30%、固化剂15~30%、分散剂1~2%、渗透剂2~5%、成膜助剂9~25%、活性溶剂4~20%、第二偶联剂2~8%。
所述的偶联剂改性的包覆树脂液是指通过至少一种第一偶联剂与至少一种其它单体共聚改性后的树脂液;这里的第一偶联剂可以采用的是钛酸酯偶联剂。
第二偶联剂可以采用硅烷偶联剂,例如KH550、KH570等,或者钛酸酯偶联剂等。
中间层保护剂的制备方法可以是按以上配方,经反应釜添加偶联剂改性的包覆树脂液、环氧树脂、分散剂,搅拌、加温,再添加合成渗透剂、成膜助剂、活性溶剂和偶联剂,控制温度和时间,最终完成聚合反应。在使用时,将反应物与固化剂混合即可。
本发明还提供了中间层连接剂在工业遗产钢结构表面保护中的应用。
根据本发明的第三个方面,工业遗产钢结构面层保护剂,包括有按重量百分比计的如下组分:塑性树脂液27~41%、分散剂15~25%、渗透剂4~18%、抗紫外线老化剂5~10%、成膜助剂13~30%、活性溶剂9~35%。
塑性树脂液可以采用丙烯酸改性聚对苯二甲酸乙二脂、聚甲苯二异氰酸酯等。
按以上配方,经反应釜加入塑性树脂液、分散剂,再搅拌、升温,加入渗透剂、抗紫外线老化剂,成膜助剂、活性溶剂,进行合成,控制温度和时间,最终完成聚合反应。
根据本发明的第四个方面,一种工业遗产钢结构长效综合保护法,包括如下步骤:
第1步,对于工业遗产的钢结构表面,去除表面污物;
第2步,在第1步处理后的钢结构表面喷涂基层保护剂;
第3步,在第2步处理后的钢结构表面喷涂中间层保护剂;
第4步,在第3步处理后的钢结构表面喷涂面层保护剂。
所述的第2步中,喷涂后固化时间为36小时以上,并测试保护层性能,达到设定要求后,进入第3步;若未达到设定要求,重复第2步。
所述的第2步中,喷涂后固化时间为24小时以上,并测试保护层性能,达到设定要求后,进入第4步;若未达到设定要求,重复第3步。
所述的第4步中,面层保护剂的喷涂次数为两次以上,且每次喷涂之间的间隔时间12~24小时,并且喷涂时不应在雨雪天气进行,且环境温度需要在5℃以上。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细说明。但本领域技术人员将会理解,下列实施例仅用于说明本发明,而不应视为限定本发明的范围。实施例中未注明具体技术或条件者,按照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件或者按照产品说明书进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市购获得的常规产品。
此外,在权利要求和说明书中使用的序数词例如“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等,用于修饰权利要求项而不是由于本身含有任何优先、在先或一项权利要求的顺序在另一权利要求之前或者执行方法步骤的时间顺序。但是,仅仅作为标签使用以区别例如带有特定名称的权利要求的元素与另外一个带有相同名称的元素(而不是用于顺序性的属于),来区分权利要求的元素。由此,限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。
本文使用的词语“包括”、“包含”、“具有”或其任何其他变体意欲涵盖非排它性的包括。例如,包括列出要素的工艺、方法、物品或设备不必受限于那些要素,而是可以包括其他没有明确列出或属于这种工艺、方法、物品或设备固有的要素。
以范围形式表达的值应当以灵活的方式理解为不仅包括明确列举出的作为范围限值的数值,而且还包括涵盖在该范围内的所有单个数值或子区间,犹如每个数值和子区间被明确列举出。例如,“大约0.1%至约5%”的浓度范围应当理解为不仅包括明确列举出的约0.1%至约5%的浓度,还包括有所指范围内的单个浓度(如,1%、2%、3%和4%)和子区间(例如,0.1%至0.5%、1%至2.2%、3.3%至4.4%)。
本发明中所述的百分比在无特别说明的情况下是指重量百分比。
本发明的目前是提供了应用于工业遗产的钢结构或者石材上的渗透性防护涂层,这种涂层是由3层(基层、中层、面层)涂层组合物所共同组成。
基层涂层:
是一种高性能,双组份,化学固化的高性能渗透稳定型保护剂,它包括有按重量份计的如下组分:结晶性树脂液7~10%、环氧树脂25~30%、固化剂5~15%、分散剂3~5%、渗透剂3~8%、缓蚀剂3~10%、成膜助剂3~10%、活性溶剂13~25%。其中,固化剂的作用是与其它成分制成的涂料混合后使涂层快速固化,其它的组分是制备该基层保护剂的主要成分。
其中,结晶性树脂液与基层有良好的吸附,能消除内应力和很好地传递应力,同时具有增强拉伸强度,剪切强度和冲击强度的效果;在一个优选的实施方式中,采用的是改性聚丙烯结晶树脂液,这里的改性结晶树脂液可以采用公知技术中的改性方法制备得到,主要是通过在聚合过程中加入改性单体接枝得到,例如可以采用丙烯酸改性聚丙烯结晶树脂乳液,在以下的实施例中的丙烯酸改性聚丙烯乳液是通过如下方法制备得到:
第1步,0.3重量份过氧化二苯甲酰(BPO)溶于丙烯酸类单体混合物中(重量份比是m(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)∶m(N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺)∶m(丙烯酸丁酯)∶m(甲基丙烯酸)=50∶14∶18:18)。
第2步,氮气保护下,于1000mL四口圆底烧瓶中,加入100g聚丙烯和150mL甲苯并加热至100℃使之溶解。维持温度,缓慢滴入第1步得到的混合液12g,约1h滴完,然后维持温度继续反应3.5h。反应完成后,降温至60℃,搅拌下滴加10%的二甲氨基乙醇(DMAE)水溶液至pH=7~8并搅拌30min使之充分分散。高速搅拌下,往体系内缓慢滴300g蒸馏水使形成均匀分散乳液,持续分散50min,加入表面润湿剂6g,分散均匀即得丙烯酸改性聚丙烯结晶树脂乳液。
上述组成中的环氧树脂没有特别限制,可列举出例如:双酚A型环氧树脂、双酚F型环氧树脂、苯酚酚醛清漆型环氧树脂、甲酚酚醛清漆型环氧树脂、双酚A酚醛清漆型环氧树脂、3官能苯酚型环氧树脂、萘型环氧树脂、联苯型环氧树脂、芳烷基酚醛清漆型环氧树脂、脂环式环氧树脂、多元醇型环氧树脂、缩水甘油胺、缩水甘油酯、和将丁二烯等的双键环氧化而成的化合物、以及通过含羟基有机硅树脂类与环氧氯丙烷反应而得到的化合物等。
这里所用到的固化剂的种类没有特别限制,只要可以与环氧树脂反应,形成3维网状结构即可,可以列举出例如,双氰胺、脂肪族聚酰胺等酰胺类固化剂,二氨基二苯基甲烷、间苯二胺、氨、三乙胺、二乙胺等胺类固化剂,双酚A、双酚F、苯酚线型酚醛清漆树脂、甲酚线型酚醛清漆树脂、对二甲苯线型酚醛清漆树脂等的酚类固化剂和酸酐类固化剂等显在型固化剂、潜伏型固化剂。它们可以单独使用,也可以合并使用2种或其以上。例如:AB-HGA水性环氧树脂固化剂或者是科宁751水性环氧树脂固化剂等。
对用于本公开内容中的分散剂没有特别限制,只要能够起到将各个组分混合时分散均匀的目的即可。可适宜地选择任何在涂料中使用的分散剂。例如,作为分散剂,可使用非离子型表面活性剂例如聚氧乙烯异癸基醚、聚氧乙烯月桂基醚、聚氧乙烯β萘基醚、聚氧乙烯苯乙烯基苯基醚、和聚氧乙烯二苯乙烯基苯基醚,以及阴离子型表面活性剂例如聚氧乙烯月桂基醚硫酸盐、聚氧乙烯β萘基醚硫酸盐、聚氧乙烯苯乙烯基苯基醚磷酸盐、聚氧乙烯二苯乙烯基苯基羧酸盐、月桂基醚磷酸盐、辛基醚羧酸盐、二苯乙烯基苯基醚硫酸盐、苯乙烯基苯基醚磷酸盐、和β萘基醚羧酸盐。
上述组分中的缓蚀剂被配制到涂料中以使它所施涂的基质的腐蚀最小化。合适的缓蚀剂可选自有机颜料、无机颜料、有机金属颜料或其它不溶于水相的有机化合物。也可伴随地使用防腐蚀颜料,例如包含磷酸盐或硼酸盐的颜料、金属颜料和金属氧化物颜料,例如但不限于磷酸锌、硼酸锌、硅酸或硅酸盐,例如硅酸钙或硅酸锶,以及基于氨基蒽醌的有机颜料缓蚀剂。此外可使用无机缓蚀剂,例如硝基间苯二甲酸的盐、单宁酸、磷酸酯、取代的苯并三唑或取代的苯酚,也可以使用的缓蚀剂,如亚硝酸二环己胺、磷酸二环己胺,甲基膦酸盐等。
渗透剂为渗透剂BX、渗透剂T或渗透剂JFC等是小分子的纳米渗透剂,渗透力极强。本产品的超强渗透性来自于渗透剂纳米小分子结构,使其具有超强的渗透性,不论是锈层还是旧漆膜。
活性溶剂在涂料配制时起溶剂的作用,在涂料涂装后的固化过程中,活性溶剂间能反应,并对环氧树脂进行增强增硬改性。可以用于这个实施方案的活性溶剂值得注意地是丙酮、四氢呋喃、甲基乙基酮、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺、四甲基脲、二甲亚砜、磷酸三甲酯、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮。
许多惯用的成膜助剂能增大流动、减少泡沫,而且有时在有助于被涂施涂料聚结(这促使形成更连续的涂层)的同时还能提高冻/融稳定性。一些成膜助剂为:乳酸酯、2-丁氧基乙醇、邻苯二甲酸酯、2-(2-丁氧基乙氧基)乙醇、甲基苯基甲醇、乙二醇、二乙二醇、双丙酮醇、丙二醇、乙二醇或丙二醇的单酯和二酯、等等。
该基层保护剂具有结晶和缓蚀双重功能,能很好的和锈层、旧漆层结合结晶,同时,缓蚀剂的超强作用,阻止基材继续锈蚀。
以上组分的制备可以采用如下的方法,按以上配方,经反应釜添加结晶性树脂液、环氧树脂,加温搅拌,并加入分散剂、渗透剂、缓蚀剂、成膜助剂、活性溶剂,进行聚合反应,控制温度和时间,最终完成聚合反应。在使用时,将反应物与固化剂混合即可。
本品可用于因环境或安全因素限制而未经喷砂清洁的锈蚀钢表面。该产品具有超强的渗透性,能强化基底锈层。通过渗透,封固结构件的缝隙,接头,拼接部位以及旧涂层来提高保证涂层的附着力,延长维护系统的使用寿命。本品还使用于封固老化的锈锌表面以便于重涂。同时,对所有工业环境中的混凝土和砖石表面进行渗透,增强,封固,也同样有效。
中间层保护剂:
本发明中的中间层保护剂是应用于上述的基层之上,是一种高性能,双组份,化学固化的高性能中间层连接剂,它包括有按重量份计的如下组分:偶联剂改性的包覆树脂液25~30%、环氧树脂25~30%、固化剂15~30%、分散剂1~2%、渗透剂2~5%、成膜助剂9~25%、活性溶剂4~20%、第二偶联剂2~8%。
本专利所采用的偶联剂改性的包覆树脂液,能够链接基层保护剂和面层保护剂,并可包覆基层树脂。这里的树脂可以是指经过是通过至少一种偶联剂(例如钛酸酯偶联剂)与至少一种其它单体共聚改性后的树脂液;有机金属化合物作为偶联剂应用,从有机铬络合物开始,发展到硅烷系偶联剂。再发展到钛酸酯偶联剂。长碳链的脂肪酸基、磷酸酯基、焦磷酸酯基等,分子式中的异丙氧基团能够和无机颜料、填料的表面羟基或质子经过化学反应偶联的颜、填料的表面。分子式中的长碳链疏水性基团能够和高分子基料进行物理或化学的结合,有效的改变无机物和有机物之间的界面状态,提供无机物在有机体系中的分散性和防沉降性,不仅能够缩短反应溶合时间,提高介质的分散性和利用率,还能使体系粘度大幅度下降,增加熔融流动性,改善工艺,减少溶剂用量,增加原基体腐蚀产物或原涂层残留物等固体粒子的结合量,提高保护层的力学性能和色泽度。钛酸酯偶联剂更能紧密地把无机基体产物和有机高分子材料连接起来,充分发挥每个钛酸酯分子的作用。一般只需要0.4%的钛酸酯偶联剂进行包覆,就能够明显降低体系粘度,增加基体无机物有机旧涂层的包覆量。鳌合型钛酸酯偶联剂,性能也很好。(焦磷酸二锌酯),也可用烷醇胺或胺类使它季铵盐化后溶解在水中包覆无机基体产物和旧涂层。
对前述其它单体而言,只要是可和偶联剂共聚合者即可,使用上不受限制,其中尤以具有一个或一个以上之羧基的乙烯性不饱合单体(以下简称为含有羧基之不饱和单体)与其它可共聚合的乙烯性不饱和单体(以下简称为其它不饱和单体)所构成之单体混合物为佳。
上述含有羧基之不饱和单体例如:丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、丁烯酸、α-氯丙烯酸、乙基丙烯酸及肉桂酸等不饱和一元羧酸类;马来酸、马来酸酐、富马酸、衣康酸、衣康酸酐、柠康酸、柠康酸酐等不饱和二元羧酸(酐)类;3价以上之不饱和多价羧酸(酐)类等等。
其中所列举者乃以丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸为较佳。该等含有羧基之不饱和单体可单独或混合复数种使用。
前述其它不饱和单体乃例如:丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸正丙酯、甲基丙烯酸正丙酯、丙烯酸异丙酯、甲基丙烯酸异丙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸异丁酯、甲基丙烯酸异丁酯、丙烯酸第二丁酯、甲基丙烯酸第二丁酯、丙烯酸叔丁酯、甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯、丙烯酸2-羟基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸2-羟基乙酯、丙烯酸2-羟基丙酯、甲基丙烯酸2-羟基丙酯、丙烯酸3-羟基丙酯、甲基丙烯酸3-羟基丙酯、丙烯酸2-羟基丁酯、甲基丙烯酸2-羟基丁酯、丙烯酸3-羟基丁酯、甲基丙烯酸3-羟基丁酯、丙烯酸4-羟基丁酯、甲基丙烯酸4-羟基丁酯、丙烯酸烯丙酯、甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯、丙烯酸苯甲酯、甲基丙烯酸苯甲酯、丙烯酸苯酯、甲基丙烯酸苯酯、丙烯酸三乙二醇甲氧酯(methoxytriethyleneglycolacrylate)、甲基丙烯酸三乙二醇甲氧酯(methoxytriethyleneglycolmethacrylate)、甲基丙烯酸十二烷基酯(laurylmethacrylate)、甲基丙烯酸十四烷基酯(tertadecylmethacrylate)、甲基丙烯酸十六烷基酯(cetylmethacrylate)、甲基丙烯酸十八烷基酯(octadecylmethacrylate)、甲基丙烯酸二十烷基酯(eicosylmethacrylate)、甲基丙烯酸二十二烷基酯(docosylmethacrylate)等之不饱和羧酸酯类;丙烯酸2-氨乙酯、甲基丙烯酸2-氨乙酯、丙烯酸2-氨丙酯、甲基丙烯酸2-氨丙酯、丙烯酸3-氨丙酯、甲基丙烯酸3-氨丙酯等不饱和羧酸氨烷酯类;丙烯酸环氧丙基酯、甲基丙烯酸环氧丙基酯等不饱和羧酸环氧丙基酯类;乙酸乙烯酯、丙酸乙烯酯、丁酸乙烯酯、安息香酸乙烯酯等之羧酸乙烯酯类;乙烯基甲醚、乙烯基乙醚、烯丙基环氧丙基醚、甲代烯丙基环氧丙基醚等不饱和醚类;丙烯腈、甲基丙烯腈、α-氯丙烯腈、氰化亚乙烯等之氰化乙烯基化合物;丙烯醯胺、甲基丙烯醯胺、α-氯丙烯醯胺、N-羟乙基丙烯醯胺、N-羟乙基甲基丙烯醯胺等之不饱和醯胺;1,3-丁二烯、异丙烯、氯丙烯等之脂肪族共轭二烯类。
其中所列举者乃以丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸2-羟基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸2-羟基乙酯、丙烯酸苯甲酯、甲基丙烯酸苯甲酯较佳。上述其它不饱和单体可单独使用,或者混合两种以上并用。
本发明的偶联剂改性的包覆树脂液在制造时所使用的溶剂,一般较常用者为乙二醇甲醚、乙二醇乙醚、二甘醇甲醚、二甘醇乙醚、二甘醇正丙醚、二甘醇正丁醚、三甘醇甲醚、三甘醇乙醚、丙二醇甲醚、丙二醇乙醚、一缩二丙二醇甲醚、一缩二丙二醇乙醚、一缩二丙二醇正丙醚、一缩二丙二醇正丁醚、二缩三丙二醇甲醚(tripropyleneglycolmonomethylether)、二缩三丙二醇乙醚(tripropyleneglycolmonoethylether)等之(聚)亚烷基二醇单烷醚类;乙二醇甲醚醋酸酯、乙二醇乙醚醋酸酯、丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯、丙二醇乙醚醋酸酯等(聚)亚烷基二醇单烷醚醋酸酯类;二甘醇二甲醚、二甘醇甲乙醚、二甘醇二乙醚、四氢呋喃等其它醚类;甲乙酮、环己酮、2-庚酮、3-庚酮等酮类;2-羟基丙酸甲酯、2-羟基丙酸乙酯等乳酸烷酯类;2-羟基-2-甲基丙酸甲酯、2-羟基-2-甲基丙酸乙酯、3-甲氧基丙酸甲酯、3-甲氧基丙酸乙酯、3-乙氧基丙酸甲酯、3-乙氧基丙酸乙酯、乙氧基乙酸乙酯、羟基乙酸乙酯、2-羟基-3-甲基丁酸甲酯、3-甲基-3-甲氧基丁基乙酸酯、3-甲基-3-甲氧基丁基丙酸酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸正丁酯、乙酸正丙酯、乙酸异丙酯、乙酸正丁酯、乙酸异丁酯、乙酸正戊酯、乙酸异戊酯、丙酸正丁酯、丁酸乙酯、丁酸正丙酯、丁酸异丙酯、丁酸正丁酯、丙酮酸甲酯、丙酮酸乙酯、丙酮酸正丙酯、乙酰乙酸甲酯、乙酰乙酸乙酯、2-氧基丁酸乙酯等其它酯类;甲苯、二甲苯等芳香族碳氢化合物类;N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺等羧酸酰胺类等等。该等溶剂可单独使用,亦可混合2种以上使用。
将上述的第一偶联剂、其它单体在催化剂和引发剂的作用下进行聚合,反应结束后,再与消泡剂、中和剂、去离子水进行混合,可以制备得到乳液,优选使用转相乳化法。首先,向加入了乳化剂的油分(含有树脂的有机溶剂)中加入少量水,混合,由此可以获得W/O型乳液。接着,一边缓慢地加入水,一边使其转相,最终可以获得O/W型乳液。用于混合的装置可以举出带有旋转叶片的轴式搅拌器和均化器、均相混合机、胶体磨等。另外,乳化温度优选在10-80℃的范围,更优选在20-30℃的范围。乳液的平均粒径没有特别的限定,通常为0.01-10μm左右,优选为0.1-1μm左右。平均粒径超过10μm的场合,容易发生沉降,稳定性变差。在以下的实施例中,采用按照如下方法制备得到的偶联剂改性的包覆树脂液:在带搅拌装置、通氮装置、加热装置、控温装置的1000ml四口烧瓶中加入去离子水500g、丙烯酸50g、甲基丙烯酸30g、钛酸酯偶联剂TC-201 15g,搅拌均匀,加入40%氢氧化钠85g中和后,再加入氯化钠20g、硫酸钠95g、稳定剂10g、异丙醇50g、0.01N的乙二胺四乙酸二钠盐溶液25g,搅拌溶解,通N2除氧,升温至70℃,加入0.5%过硫酸铵溶液10g、0.5%亚硫酸氢钠10g搅拌反应约3h,再加入0.5%偶氮二异丁基脒盐酸盐溶液10g,再继续反应总时间16h后结束。产物为白色乳状液。
作为聚合引发剂,可不受限制地使用现有公知的聚合引发剂,例如可列举出环己酮过氧化物、3,3,5-三甲基环己酮过氧化物、甲基环己酮过氧化物、1,1-双(叔丁基过氧基)-3,3,5-三甲基环己烷、1,1-双(叔丁基过氧基)环己烷、正丁基-4,4-双(叔丁基过氧基)戊酸酯、枯烯氢过氧化物、2,5-二甲基己烷-2,5-二氢过氧化物、1,3-双(叔丁基过氧化-间异丙基)苯、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二(叔丁基过氧基)己烷、二异丙苯过氧化物、叔丁基枯基过氧化物、癸酰基过氧化物、月桂酰过氧化物、苯甲酰过氧化物、2,4-二氯苯甲酰过氧化物、二叔戊基过氧化物、双(叔丁基环己基)过氧化二碳酸酯、叔丁基过氧化苯甲酸酯、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二(苯甲酰基过氧基)己烷、过氧化-2-乙基己酸叔丁酯等过氧化物类聚合引发剂;2,2’-偶氮双(异丁腈)、2,2’-偶氮双-2-甲基丁腈、1,1’-偶氮双(环己烷-1-甲腈)、偶氮枯烯、2,2’-偶氮双(2-甲基丁腈)、2,2’-偶氮双-2,4-二甲基戊腈、4,4’-偶氮双(4-氰基戊酸)、2-(叔丁基偶氮)-2-氰基丙烷、2,2’-偶氮双(2,4,4-三甲基戊烷)、2,2’-偶氮双(2-甲基丙烷)、2,2’-偶氮双[2-甲基-N-(2-羟乙基)-丙酰胺]、二甲基2,2’-偶氮双(2-甲基丙酸酯)、1,1’-偶氮双(1-环己烷-1-甲腈)、2,2’-偶氮双[2-(2-咪唑啉-2-基)丙烷]、二甲基-2,2’-偶氮双异丁酸酯等偶氮类聚合引发剂。
作为中和剂,如果是可将羧基进行中和的中和剂则没有特别限制,例如,可列举氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、三甲胺、二甲基氨基乙醇、2-甲基-2-氨基-1-丙醇、三乙胺、氨等。
另外,进行乳液聚合时所使用的消泡剂没有特别限制,例如可列举二烷基磺基琥珀酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、月桂基硫酸钠、聚氧化乙烯烷基苯基醚硫酸钠以及烷基二苯基醚二磺酸钠等阴离子性乳化剂,聚氧化乙烯高级醇醚以及聚氧化乙烯烷基苯基醚等非离子性乳化剂以及具有自由基聚合性双键的阴离子性或阳离子性的反应性乳化剂。
反应性乳化剂是指在分子中一同具有非离子性基团、阴离子性基团以及阳离子性基团中的任1种以上的基团和聚合性不饱和基团的乳化剂,作为聚合性不饱和基团,具体列举出(甲基)烯丙基、(甲基)丙烯酰基、丙烯基、丁烯基等。
偶联剂改性的包覆树脂液制为乳液后,最好可以在其中再加入二羟烷基胺(例如N,N-二羟乙基苯胺)、聚已二醇等活性添加剂,以增进保护层的保护效果。
上述组分中的环氧树脂、固化剂、分散剂、渗透剂、成膜助剂、活性溶剂等,都如基层保护剂的叙述中相同。
活性溶剂特别优选改性间二已氨基苯酚、三已醇胺、3,3-二甲基-4,4-二氨基二环已烷基甲烷等。
这里所采用的偶联剂可以采用硅烷偶联剂,例如KH550、KH570等,或者钛酸酯偶联剂等。
中间层保护剂的制备方法可以是按以上配方,经反应釜添加偶联剂改性的包覆树脂液、环氧树脂、分散剂,搅拌、加温,再添加合成渗透剂、成膜助剂、活性溶剂和偶联剂,控制温度和时间,最终完成聚合反应。在使用时,将反应物与固化剂混合即可。
本品用于渗透性底涂与面涂的连接,增加与渗透性底涂的附着力,同时增加与面涂的配套性,增加面涂的哑光效果。
表层保护剂:
工业遗产钢结构面层保护剂,是一种高性能,单组份改性长效防腐蚀面层保护剂,适用于户内外钢结构耐久性防护。
包括有按重量百分比计的如下组分:塑性树脂液27~41%、分散剂15~25%、渗透剂4~18%、抗紫外线老化剂5~10%、成膜助剂13~30%、活性溶剂9~35%。
热塑性树脂例如可列举出聚碳酸酯树脂、丙烯酸树脂、聚酯树脂、环氧树脂、酚醛树脂、尿素树脂、氟树脂、聚酯-聚氨酯固化系树脂、环氧-聚酯固化系树脂、丙烯酸-聚酯系树脂、丙烯酸-聚氨酯固化系树脂、丙烯酸-密胺固化系树脂、聚酯-密胺固化系树脂等热固化性树脂;聚乙烯树脂、聚丙烯树脂、石油树脂、热塑性聚酯树脂、热塑性氟树脂等热塑性树脂。在优选的条件上,可以采用丙烯酸改性聚对苯二甲酸乙二脂、聚甲苯二异氰酸酯等。以下实施例中采用丙烯酸改性聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯,其制备方法如下:甲基丙烯酸20g、对苯二甲酸双羟乙酯低聚物(BHET)120g、乙二醇500g混合均匀,在2g催化剂Sb2O3的作用下进行聚合反应,升温至255℃,反应4h后,再经过冷却后过滤,得到丙烯酸改性聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。
分散剂、渗透剂、成膜助剂、活性溶剂可以选用的种类与基层和中间层保护剂相同。
作为紫外线老化剂,可以例举水杨酸类紫外线吸收剂、二苯甲酮类紫外线吸收剂、苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂、氰基丙烯酸酯类紫外线吸收剂、三嗪类紫外线吸收剂、苯并恶嗪酮类紫外线吸收剂等,可以使用选自所述的紫外线吸收剂中的一种或两种以上。其中,从分散性的观点出发,优选的是三嗪类紫外线吸收剂、苯并恶嗪酮类紫外线吸收剂。此外,作为所述紫外线吸收剂,优选的是使用在分子链中具有紫外线吸收基团的聚合物。通过使用该在分子链中具有紫外线吸收基团的聚合物,能防止由于紫外线吸收剂的渗出等导致的紫外线吸收功能的恶化。作为所述的紫外线吸收基团,可以列举苯并三唑基、二苯甲酮基、氰基丙烯酸酯基、三嗪基、水杨酸基、苯亚甲基丙二酸酯基等。其中,特别优选的是苯并三唑基、二苯甲酮基、三嗪基。
按以上配方,经反应釜加入塑性树脂液、分散剂,再搅拌、升温,加入渗透剂、抗紫外线老化剂,成膜助剂、活性溶剂,进行合成,控制温度和时间,最终完成聚合反应。
本剂具有很好的耐候性、耐晒、耐水、并且消光性极佳。实施后,保护性能高,不反光,不刺眼。本品用于工业遗址保护与开发,钢材表面保护。通过渗透,封固结构件的缝隙,接头,拼接部位以及因旧锈层和旧涂层引起的应力变化,来提高保证涂层的附着力,延长维护系统的使用寿命。
基于上述的保护剂的工业遗产钢结构长效综合保护法,包括如下步骤:
第一步,对需要保护的已有工业遗产钢结构,表面只可进行简单的去除表面污物的轻微处理,如可用人工钢丝、铜丝刷轻轻刷蹭钢结构表面。把整片的浮锈、漆皮清除干净。
第二步,按比例配置工业遗产钢结构基层保护剂,喷洒基层保护剂到需要保护的表面,令其渗透、反应、固化36小时以上。检测表面渗透程度,测试固体物化学反应,附着力,干燥度符合保护剂要求后。方可进行下面的处理,否则,要重新实施步骤1。
第三步,再检查完成第二步的基础上,进行工业遗产钢结构中间层连接剂的处理,参照上一步的方法,保证24小时以上的反应时间,检查处理效果后继续进行。
第四步,在进行工业遗产钢结构中间层连接剂处理的基础上,进行工业遗产钢结构面层保护剂的处理,本层保护剂第一次处理与第二次处理,中间间隔12~24小时,不得在雨雪天气进行,外部温度应在5度以上。大风降砂天气慎重施工。
按上述处理后的工业遗址钢结构应进行全面检测后,投入使用。
实施例1基层保护层的制备
备选按重量百分比计的以下原料:
结晶性树脂液10%(丙烯酸改性聚丙烯结晶树脂乳液)
环氧树脂28%(双酚A型)
固化剂14%(双氰胺固化剂)
分散剂4%(聚氧乙烯β萘基醚硫酸盐)
渗透剂5%(渗透剂JFC)
缓蚀剂7%(磷酸二环己胺)
成膜助剂9%(邻苯二甲酸酯)
活性溶剂23%(磷酸三甲酯)
制备步骤:反应投料顺序:经夹套反应釜添加结晶性树脂液、环氧树脂,缓慢加温搅拌、每分钟50~80转,开始升温,升温速率为50℃/小时,达到100℃时加入分散剂、渗透剂、缓蚀剂、成膜助剂、活性纳米溶剂,进行聚合反应,反应时间3小时,最终完成聚合反应。
实施例2基层保护层的制备
备选按重量百分比计的以下原料:
结晶性树脂液6%(丙烯酸改性聚丙烯结晶树脂乳液)
环氧树脂28%(双酚F型)
固化剂14%(双氰胺固化剂)
分散剂5%(聚氧乙烯β萘基醚硫酸盐)
渗透剂7%(渗透剂T)
缓蚀剂7%(磷酸二环己胺)
成膜助剂9%(双丙酮醇)
活性溶剂24%(甲基乙基酮和磷酸三甲酯按1:3体积比的混合)
制备步骤:反应投料顺序:经夹套反应釜添加结晶性树脂液、环氧树脂,缓慢加温搅拌、每分钟50~80转,开始升温,升温速率为50℃/小时,达到100℃时加入分散剂、渗透剂、缓蚀剂、成膜助剂、活性纳米溶剂,进行聚合反应,反应时间3小时,最终完成聚合反应。
实施例3基层保护层的制备
备选按重量百分比计的以下原料:
结晶性树脂液9%(丙烯酸改性聚丙烯结晶树脂乳液)
环氧树脂25%(苯酚酚醛清漆型)
固化剂15%(二乙胺固化剂)
分散剂5%(聚氧乙烯β萘基醚硫酸盐)
渗透剂8%(渗透剂JFC)
缓蚀剂8%(甲基膦酸盐)
成膜助剂6%(乙二醇)
活性溶剂24%(丙酮和磷酸三甲酯按1:2体积比的混合)
制备步骤:反应投料顺序:经夹套反应釜添加结晶性树脂液、环氧树脂,缓慢加温搅拌、每分钟50~80转,开始升温,升温速率为50℃/小时,达到100℃时加入分散剂、渗透剂、缓蚀剂、成膜助剂、活性纳米溶剂,进行聚合反应,反应时间3小时,最终完成聚合反应。
实施例4基层保护层的制备
备选按重量百分比计的以下原料:
结晶性树脂液10%(丙烯酸改性聚丙烯结晶树脂乳液)
环氧树脂24%(苯酚酚醛清漆型)
固化剂15%(二乙胺固化剂)
分散剂5%(聚氧乙烯β萘基醚硫酸盐)
渗透剂8%(渗透剂JFC)
缓蚀剂8%(甲基膦酸盐)
成膜助剂6%(乙二醇)
活性溶剂24%(丙酮和磷酸三甲酯按1:3体积比的混合)
制备步骤:反应投料顺序:经夹套反应釜添加结晶性树脂液、环氧树脂,缓慢加温搅拌、每分钟50~80转,开始升温,升温速率为50℃/小时,达到100℃时加入分散剂、渗透剂、缓蚀剂、成膜助剂、活性纳米溶剂,进行聚合反应,反应时间3小时,最终完成聚合反应。
对照例1
与实施例1的区别在于:采用的丙烯酸改性聚丙烯结晶树脂乳液在制备过程中,未加入丙烯酸类单体N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺进行改性。
对照例2
与实施例1的区别在于:未加入渗透剂。
基层保护层性能试验
对已经生锈的钢板进行St2级表面处理,涂刷该漆,厚度依照GB/T13452.2-2008检测;漆膜干燥时间依照GB/T1728-1979(1989)检测;附着力依照GB/5210-85(拉开法)检测;光泽依照GB/T9754-1988检测;耐盐雾性依照GB/T1771-1991检测。
从表中可以看出,本发明所提供的基层保护层,具有较好的附着力和耐盐雾性,特别是实施例1相对于对照例1可以看出,采用了经过丙烯酸改性的聚丙烯结晶树脂乳液后,可以显著提高保持层的表干、实干、附着力和耐盐雾性能;实施例1相对于对照例2可以看出,加入渗透剂之后,可以有效地使保护层与基材相容,提高附着力和耐盐雾性,能够提高对于工业遗产的长期保护效果。
实施例5中间保护层的制备
备选按重量百分比计的以下原料:
偶联剂改性的包覆树脂液26%(如上所述的制备)
环氧树脂27%(双酚F型)
固化剂16%(双氰胺固化剂)
分散剂1%(聚氧乙烯β萘基醚硫酸盐)
渗透剂3%(渗透剂T)
成膜助剂12%(双丙酮醇)
活性溶剂7%(甲基乙基酮和磷酸三甲酯按1:3体积比的混合)
偶联剂8%(KH550)
反应投料顺序:经夹套反应釜添加偶联剂改性的包覆树脂液、环氧树脂、分散剂缓慢加温,并以每分钟80转搅拌,加入分散剂,再以每小时80℃的升温速度升温至并90℃,再加入渗透剂、成膜助剂、活性溶剂和偶联剂,控制温度和时间2小时进行反应,最终完成反应。
实施例6中间保护层的制备
备选按重量百分比计的以下原料:
偶联剂改性的包覆树脂液26%(如上所述的制备)
环氧树脂28%(双酚F型)
固化剂15%(双氰胺固化剂)
分散剂2%(聚氧乙烯β萘基醚硫酸盐)
渗透剂2%(渗透剂T)
成膜助剂14%(双丙酮醇)
活性溶剂7%(磷酸三甲酯)
偶联剂6%(KH550)
反应投料顺序:经夹套反应釜添加偶联剂改性的包覆树脂液、环氧树脂、分散剂缓慢加温,并以每分钟80转搅拌,加入分散剂,再以每小时80℃的升温速度升温至并90℃,再加入渗透剂、成膜助剂、活性溶剂和偶联剂,控制温度和时间2小时进行反应,最终完成反应。
实施例7中间保护层的制备
备选按重量百分比计的以下原料:
偶联剂改性的包覆树脂液26%(与实施例5的区别是树脂乳液制备完成后,
还向其中加入乳液重量5%的N,N-二羟乙基苯胺)
环氧树脂27%(双酚F型)
固化剂16%(双氰胺固化剂)
分散剂1%(聚氧乙烯β萘基醚硫酸盐)
渗透剂3%(渗透剂T)
成膜助剂12%(双丙酮醇)
活性溶剂7%(甲基乙基酮和磷酸三甲酯按1:3体积比的混合)
偶联剂8%(KH550)
反应投料顺序:经夹套反应釜添加偶联剂改性的包覆树脂液、环氧树脂、分散剂缓慢加温,并以每分钟80转搅拌,加入分散剂,再以每小时80℃的升温速度升温至并90℃,再加入渗透剂、成膜助剂、活性溶剂和偶联剂,控制温度和时间2小时进行反应,最终完成反应。
对照例3
与实施例5的区别在于:未加入偶联剂改性的包覆树脂液未经过偶联剂改性处理(制备过程中未加入钛酸酯偶联剂)。
对照例4
与实施例5的区别在于:未加入渗透剂。
在实施例1的基层保护层的表面喷实施例5~实施例7、对照例3~4的保护层,性能检测数据如下:
其中,厚度依照GB/T13452.2-2008检测;漆膜干燥时间依照GB/T1728-1979(1989)检测;附着力依照GB/5210-85(拉开法)检测;光泽依照GB/T9754-1988检测;耐人工老化性依照GB/T23987-2009检测;耐盐雾性依照GB/T1771-1991检测。从表中可以看出,本发明所提供的中层保护层作用于基层保护层之后,产生较好的附着力、干燥速度和耐盐雾和老化性能;实施例7与实施例相比可以看出,在二羟烷基胺改性后的偶联剂改性的包覆树脂液,能够提高中间层的耐盐雾老化性能,增进保护层的保护效果;实施例5与对照例3相比可以看出,通过采用了偶联剂改性的包覆树脂液,可以有效地提高保护层的附着力和耐盐雾和老化性能;实施例5和对照例4相比可以看出,通过加入渗透剂可以有效地促进中间层与基层之间的附着力,并提高耐盐雾性能,能够提高对于工业遗产的长期保护效果。
实施例8面层保护剂的制备
备选按重量百分比计的以下原料:
塑性树脂液30%(以上所述的丙烯酸改性聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)
分散剂16%(聚氧乙烯β萘基醚硫酸盐)
渗透剂11%(渗透剂JFC)
抗紫外线老化剂9%(三嗪类紫外线吸收剂)
成膜助剂14%(双丙酮醇)
活性溶剂20%(磷酸三甲酯)
反应投料顺序:经夹套反应釜添加塑性树脂液、分散剂、渗透剂、活性溶剂缓缓慢加温,并以每分钟60转搅拌,加入分散剂,再以每小时50℃的升温速度升温至85℃,再加入渗透剂、成膜助剂、抗紫外线老化剂,控制温度100℃和时间4小时进行反应,最终完成反应。
实施例9面层保护剂的制备
备选按重量百分比计的以下原料:
塑性树脂液37%(以上所述的丙烯酸改性聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)
分散剂15%(聚氧乙烯β萘基醚硫酸盐)
渗透剂5%(渗透剂T)
抗紫外线老化剂9%(氰基丙烯酸酯类紫外线吸收剂)
成膜助剂17%(2-丁氧基乙醇)
活性溶剂17%(甲基乙基酮和磷酸三甲酯按1:3体积比的混合)
反应投料顺序:经夹套反应釜添加塑性树脂液、分散剂、渗透剂、活性溶剂缓缓慢加温,并以每分钟60转搅拌,加入分散剂,再以每小时50℃的升温速度升温至85℃,再加入渗透剂、成膜助剂、抗紫外线老化剂,控制温度100℃和时间4小时进行反应,最终完成反应。
实施例10
备选按重量百分比计的以下原料:
塑性树脂液34%(以上所述的丙烯酸改性聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)
分散剂16%(聚氧乙烯β萘基醚硫酸盐)
渗透剂11%(渗透剂JFC)
抗紫外线老化剂5%(三嗪类紫外线吸收剂)
成膜助剂18%(邻苯二甲酸酯)
活性溶剂16%(磷酸三甲酯)
反应投料顺序:经夹套反应釜添加塑性树脂液、分散剂、渗透剂、活性溶剂缓缓慢加温,并以每分钟60转搅拌,加入分散剂,再以每小时50℃的升温速度升温至85℃,再加入渗透剂、成膜助剂、抗紫外线老化剂,控制温度100℃和时间4小时进行反应,最终完成反应。
对照例5
与实施例8的区别在于:塑性树脂液的聚对苯二甲酸乙二脂未经过丙烯酸改性(制备中未加入甲基丙烯酸)。
对照例6
与实施例8的区别在于:未加入渗透剂。
在实施例5的中间层的表面喷涂实施例8~实施例10和对照例5~6的表面保护层,性能检测数据:
其中,厚度依照GB/T13452.2-2008检测;漆膜干燥时间依照GB/T1728-1979(1989)检测;附着力依照GB/5210-85(拉开法)检测;光泽依照GB/T9754-1988检测;耐人工老化性依照GB/T23987-2009检测;耐盐雾性依照GB/T1771-1991检测。从表中可以看出,本发明提供的表层保护层具有较好的与中间层的附着力,并且具有较好的耐盐雾性和耐老化性能;实施例8相对于对照例5来说,通过采用丙烯酸改性的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯,可以有效地提高与中间层的附着力和耐盐雾性能;实施例8相对于对照例6来说,通过加入渗透剂,可以有效地提高涂层的总厚度和耐盐雾、耐老化性能,能够提高对于工业遗产的长期保护效果。
本发明还提供了一种工业遗产钢结构长效综合保护法,分别采用以上所述的基层、中间层和面层保护剂涂料,该方法包括如下步骤:
第一步,对需要保护的已有工业遗产钢结构,表面只可进行简单的去除表面污物的轻微处理,如可用人工钢丝、铜丝刷轻轻刷蹭钢结构表面。把整片的浮锈、漆皮清除干净。
第二步,按比例配置工业遗产钢结构基层保护剂,喷洒基层保护剂到需要保护的表面,令其渗透、反应、固化36小时以上。检测表面渗透程度,测试固体物化学反应,附着力,干燥度符合保护剂要求后。方可进行下面的处理,否则,要重新实施步骤1。
第三步,再检查完成第二步的基础上,进行工业遗产钢结构中间层连接剂的处理,参照上一步的方法,保证24小时以上的反应时间,检查处理效果后继续进行。
第四步,在进行工业遗产钢结构中间层连接剂处理的基础上,进行工业遗产钢结构面层保护剂的处理,本层保护剂第一次处理与第二次处理,中间间隔12~24小时,不得在雨雪天气进行,外部温度应在5度以上。大风降砂天气慎重施工。
按上述处理后的工业遗址钢结构应进行全面检测后,投入使用。
Claims (9)
1.工业遗产钢结构中间层连接剂,它包括有按重量份计的如下组分:偶联剂改性的包覆树脂液25~30%、环氧树脂25~30%、固化剂15~30%、分散剂1~2%、渗透剂2~5%、成膜助剂9~25%、活性溶剂4~20%、第二偶联剂2~8%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的工业遗产钢结构中间层连接剂,其特征在于:所述的偶联剂改性的包覆树脂液是指通过至少一种第一偶联剂与至少一种其它单体共聚改性后的树脂液;这里的第一偶联剂采用的是钛酸酯偶联剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的工业遗产钢结构中间层连接剂,其特征在于:第二偶联剂指硅烷偶联剂或者钛酸酯偶联剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的工业遗产钢结构中间层连接剂,其特征在于:所述的环氧树脂选自双酚A型环氧树脂、双酚F型环氧树脂、苯酚酚醛清漆型环氧树脂、甲酚酚醛清漆型环氧树脂、双酚A酚醛清漆型环氧树脂、3官能苯酚型环氧树脂、萘型环氧树脂、联苯型环氧树脂、芳烷基酚醛清漆型环氧树脂、脂环式环氧树脂、多元醇型环氧树脂、缩水甘油胺、缩水甘油酯、和将丁二烯等的双键环氧化而成的化合物、以及通过含羟基有机硅树脂类与环氧氯丙烷反应而得到的化合物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的工业遗产钢结构中间层连接剂,其特征在于:所述的固化剂选自双氰胺、脂肪族聚酰胺等酰胺类固化剂,二氨基二苯基甲烷、间苯二胺、氨、三乙胺、二乙胺等胺类固化剂,双酚A、双酚F、苯酚线型酚醛清漆树脂、甲酚线型酚醛清漆树脂、对二甲苯线型酚醛清漆树脂等的酚类固化剂和酸酐类固化剂。
6.根据权利要求1所述的工业遗产钢结构中间层连接剂,其特征在于:所述的渗透剂为渗透剂BX、渗透剂T或渗透剂JFC。
7.根据权利要求1所述的工业遗产钢结构中间层连接剂,其特征在于:活性溶剂选自改性间二已氨基苯酚、三已醇胺或者3,3-二甲基-4,4-二氨基二环已烷基甲烷。
8.权利要求5所述的工业遗产钢结构中间层连接剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:按以上配方,经反应釜添加偶联剂改性的包覆树脂液、环氧树脂、分散剂,搅拌、加温,再添加合成渗透剂、成膜助剂、活性溶剂和偶联剂,控制温度和时间,最终完成聚合反应。在使用时,将反应物与固化剂混合即可。
9.权利要求1~8任一项所述的中间层连接剂在工业遗产钢结构表面保护中的应用。
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