CN106638206A - 一种人行道用排水型地砖及其制作方法 - Google Patents

一种人行道用排水型地砖及其制作方法 Download PDF

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CN106638206A
CN106638206A CN201611063729.9A CN201611063729A CN106638206A CN 106638206 A CN106638206 A CN 106638206A CN 201611063729 A CN201611063729 A CN 201611063729A CN 106638206 A CN106638206 A CN 106638206A
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floor tile
parts
powder
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任广鸿
毕文峰
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Henan Tong Wei Building Materials Co Ltd
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Abstract

一种人行道用排水型地砖及其制作方法,包括砖体和设置在砖体上表面用以将积水拍向四周的圆弧状排水坡,砖体相对的两侧分别设置有可插接配合的突起部和凹陷部,且突起部的长度大于凹陷部的深度,以使某块砖体的突起部插入与其相邻砖体的凹陷部后,在两块砖体之间形成排水槽。本发明通过在地砖的表面设置圆弧状排水坡,从而使得雨水并不会聚集在地砖的表面,而且在地砖的两侧分别设置可插接配合的突起部和凹陷部,从而使相邻的两块地砖插接后,不仅能够增强彼此间连接的紧密性,而且还可以形成排水槽,使雨水能够沿排水槽排出。

Description

一种人行道用排水型地砖及其制作方法
技术领域
本发明涉及到道路施工领域的人行道地砖,具体的说是一种人行道用排水型地砖及其制作方法。
背景技术
地砖是一种地面装饰材料,也叫地板砖,绝大多数的地砖是用黏土烧制而成,其尺寸规格和形状也多种多样,具有质坚、耐压耐磨、能防潮等优点,而有的经上釉处理后具有装饰作用,多用于公共建筑和民用建筑的地面和楼面。现实生活中,道路两侧的人行道基本上都铺设有地砖,但是这种地砖基本上都是常规的形状和结构,铺设后并不能起到很好的排水效果。
发明内容
为解决现实生活中道路两侧用地砖铺设的人行道存在的排水效果不好的问题,本发明提供了一种人行道用排水型地砖及其制作方法,该地砖的表面设有圆弧状排水坡,从而不会产生积水,而且在相邻两块砖之间通过特殊结构能够形成排水槽,便于积水的排出。
本发明为解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案为:一种人行道用排水型地砖,包括砖体和设置在砖体上表面用以将积水拍向四周的圆弧状排水坡,砖体相对的两侧分别设置有可插接配合的突起部和凹陷部,且突起部的长度大于凹陷部的深度,以使某块砖体的突起部插入与其相邻砖体的凹陷部后,在两块砖体之间形成排水槽;
所述砖体由基料、外加剂、填充剂与水混合制成泥浆后成型、烧制而成,其中,按照重量比,基料由20-22份的粉煤灰、16-20份的电石灰、24-28份的石灰石粉和6-8份的河砂混合而成,外加剂由9-10份细度不超过30微米的碳化硅微粉和2-3份细度不超过30微米的蓝晶石粉混合而成,填充剂由3-5份的钢渣粉、2-3份的铝灰和1-2份的赤泥混合后在1650-1700℃的温度下烧结1h后粉磨至细度不超过30微米得到。
所述外加剂中还含有1-2份细度不超过100微米的石英砂粉末。
所述填充剂中还含有1-2份的橄榄岩粉末。
所述填充剂在制备过程中,烧结完成后以600-700℃/min的降温速率急速冷却后再进行粉磨。
上述人行道用排水型地砖的制作方法,首先制备填充剂粉末,然后上述比例称取各物料进行混合并加入水制成含水率为18-20%的泥料,该泥料在陈化6-8天后入模制成地砖坯体,而后经烘干、烧结和自然冷却即得到产品,所述填充剂粉末的制备方法为:按照上述的比例称取钢渣粉、铝灰和赤泥,混合后粉磨至细度不超过300微米的细粉,然后在1650-1700℃的温度下烧结1h后冷却并粉磨至细度不超过30微米即得到填充剂。
所述泥料在陈化6-8天后,向其中加入泥料总重3%的地沟油,再次拌合均匀后再进行挤压成型制成地砖坯体。
所述烘干温度为100-120℃。
所述烧结分为预热段、升温段和焙烧段三部分,其中,预热段是指使炉内温度从常温在2h均匀升高到200℃,并保持该温度1-2h,在此过程中,保持炉内氧气含量不高于4%;
所述升温段是指,使炉内温度从200℃在4h均匀升高到800℃,在此过程中,保持炉内氧气含量不低于45%;
所述焙烧段是指,使炉内温度从800℃在2h均匀升高到1650℃,并保持该温度3h,在此过程中,保持炉内氧气含量不低于45%。
本发明中,在制作地砖时,为防止地砖烧结过程中出现裂纹等缺陷,在将各物料混合制成泥料陈化后,可以向其中加入基料总重10%的水泥进行拌合,拌合均匀后再进行烘干、烧结和冷却,从而最终得到地砖。
本发明中,可以在地砖的表面铺设一层橡胶弹性体,按照重量比,该橡胶弹性体由20~22份的丁腈橡胶、8~9份的聚丙烯腈纤维、2~3份的硫化剂、2~3份的炭黑、1~2份的改性空心玻璃微珠、3~4份的二氧化硅微粉、0.8~1份的改性四钛酸钾晶须和4~6份的补强剂在60~80℃条件下混炼而成,所述补强剂由8~10份海泡石绒、1~2份的改性纳米二氧化钛、10~12份正硅酸乙酯制成;所述改性空心玻璃微球和改性四钛酸钾晶须分别是将市售的空心玻璃微球和市售的四钛酸钾晶须与其重量3-5%的表面改性剂混合后静置1-2h后过滤晾干得到,所用表面改性剂由KH550、乙醇、丙酮和氢氧化钡按照重量比3-4:80:2-3:1-2的比例混合而成;
其中补强剂的制备方法为:按照重量比,取10~12份正硅酸乙酯与去离子水按照1:8-10的比例混合,再向其中依次加入正硅酸乙酯重量10%的冰醋酸、正硅酸乙酯重量5%的碳粉、8~10份海泡石绒和1~2份的改性纳米二氧化钛混合均匀进行反应,反应过程中,每隔20min向反应体系内施加频率350-370kHz的超声波1min,待反应结束后对反应体系进行超滤得到固体粉末,最后将固体粉末在有氧条件下充分灼烧除去碳粉即得到补强剂;所述改性纳米二氧化钛是市售的纳米二氧化钛与其重量3-5%的表面改性剂混合得到,该表面改性剂由氢氧化钡、碳酸钠和KH550按照重量比3-4:1-2:30的比例混合而成。
以上特殊成分的橡胶弹性体中,含有改性空心玻璃微珠,一方面能够均匀分散在丁腈橡胶和聚丙烯腈纤维形成的基体中,另一方面是改性过程中使空心玻璃微珠表面接枝大量的硅羟基,这些基团通过化学反应将空心玻璃微珠与基体连接起来,保证二者具有良好的界面结合力,材料在受到外力时,空心玻璃微珠粒子在材料中受到应力发生形变、破坏等,从而吸收冲击能量,提高冲击性能,同时还可以引发银纹,终止裂缝扩展,在一定形态结构下引发基体的剪切屈服,从而消耗大量的冲击能量,又能较好地传递所承受的外力,提高橡胶弹性体的压缩强度、弯曲强度、冲击强度;含有的海泡石绒也具有微孔结构,具有很大的比表面积,分散到橡胶弹性体中也能吸收震动和冲击;
利用氢氧化钡和碳酸钠混合作为催化剂让纳米级的 SiO2粒子的表面能够受到羟基的作用,从而含有一定数量的含氧官能团,增加了纳米级SiO2粒子的有关表面相容性,在纳米级SiO2粒子作为填充料与其余原料充分混合时,因为SiO2颗粒很小,且比表面积大,细微化的结构使得其余物料与其的接触面积增大,使SiO2粒子可以在物料中均匀分散,从而便于SiO2与其余物质在高温下发生化学键合或者物理结合。此外,均匀分散的纳米级SiO2相当于“锚点”,其能够使高温环境下生成的强化基体与其结合,在受到外力冲击作用下,能够产生“应力集中”的效应,使得其周围的一些基体“屈服”并吸收较多的变形功,此外也能够产生“钉扎-攀越”效应,增大裂纹在扩展时所受到的阻力,消耗变形功,从而使其韧性增加。
本发明以粉煤灰、电石灰、石灰石粉和河砂来作为烧制地砖的基料,不仅解决了粉煤灰、电石灰和石灰石粉等废弃物的再利用,而且也提高了烧制后地砖的强度(粉煤灰中含有的氧化铝、氧化硅等与氧化钙在地砖烧结时的高温环境中形成陶瓷颗粒增强体结构),通过加入由碳化硅作为外加剂,可以使得烧成的地砖表面含有一些开放型气孔(或称开口气孔),这些气孔能够保证地砖与橡胶弹性体结合的紧密性,而且也不会影响地砖的强度;碳化硅在高温氧化气氛中容易发生氧化反应:SiC+2O2→CO2+SiO2,该反应开始温度较高,1000℃开始明显氧化,颗粒越细,则氧化速度越快,反应产物CO2的逸出容易造成坯体表面形成开口气孔,而反应产物SiO2具有较高活性,与氧化铝反应生成莫来石,从而在地砖内形成莫来石增强体;同时,高温下外加剂中的蓝晶石细粉分解,既可确保生成较多的莫来石相,保证制品的力学强度,蓝晶石从1100℃左右开始分解、生成莫来石和SiO2,1300℃以后显著分解转化,由于该莫来石化反应伴随有16-18%的体积膨胀,因此还可填充由于碳化硅氧化产生的孔隙,使单个孔隙变小,整体孔隙率降低,并且会改变地砖内孔隙的形状和分布;由于地砖中含有大量的微孔,也能够吸收并削弱震动的传递;
有益效果:本发明与现有技术相比,具有以下优点:
1)本发明通过在地砖的表面设置圆弧状排水坡,从而使得雨水并不会聚集在地砖的表面,而且在地砖的两侧分别设置可插接配合的突起部和凹陷部,从而使相邻的两块地砖插接后,不仅能够增强彼此间连接的紧密性,而且还可以形成排水槽,使雨水能够沿排水槽排出;
2)本发明以粉煤灰、电石灰、石灰石粉和河砂来作为烧制地砖的基料,不仅解决了粉煤灰、电石灰和石灰石粉等废弃物的再利用,而且也提高了烧制后地砖的强度(粉煤灰中含有的氧化铝、氧化硅等与氧化钙在地砖烧结时的高温环境中形成陶瓷颗粒增强体结构),通过加入由碳化硅作为外加剂,可以使得烧成的地砖表面含有一些开放型气孔(或称开口气孔),这些气孔能够保证地砖与橡胶弹性体结合的紧密性,而且也不会影响地砖的强度;
3)本发明外加剂中的蓝晶石细粉在高温下分解,既可确保生成较多的莫来石相,保证制品的力学强度,蓝晶石从1100℃左右开始分解、生成莫来石和SiO2,1300℃以后显著分解转化,由于该莫来石化反应伴随有16-18%的体积膨胀,因此还可填充由于碳化硅氧化产生的孔隙,使单个孔隙变小,整体孔隙率降低,并且会改变地砖内孔隙的形状和分布;
4)本发明在泥料陈化后向其中加入地沟油进行拌合,不仅充分利用了废弃的地沟油,而且由于加入地沟油,使得泥料的黏性和塑形得到了增强,这样使得外加剂在高温下分解形成气孔的过程中,大幅度降低由于气孔及蓝晶石粉膨胀所导致的裂纹等缺陷。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图;
图2为本发明的配合铺设图;
附图标记:1、砖体,101、圆弧状排水坡,102、突起部,103、凹陷部,104、排水槽。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明的技术方案做进一步的阐述。
实施例1
如图所示,一种人行道用排水型地砖,包括砖体1和设置在砖体1上表面用以将积水拍向四周的圆弧状排水坡101(实际上为中间高四周低的穹顶形或蛋壳形),砖体1相对的两侧分别设置有可插接配合的突起部102和凹陷部103,且突起部102的长度大于凹陷部103的深度,以使某块砖体1的突起部102插入与其相邻砖体的凹陷部103后,在两块砖体1之间形成排水槽104;
所述砖体1由基料、外加剂、填充剂与水混合制成泥浆后成型、烧制而成,其中,按照重量比,基料由20份的粉煤灰、16份的电石灰、24份的石灰石粉和6份的河砂混合而成,外加剂由9份细度不超过30微米的碳化硅微粉和2份细度不超过30微米的蓝晶石粉混合而成,填充剂由3份的钢渣粉、2份的铝灰和1份的赤泥混合后在1650℃的温度下烧结1h后粉磨至细度不超过30微米得到;
上述人行道用排水型地砖的制作方法,首先制备填充剂粉末,然后上述比例称取各物料进行混合并加入水制成含水率为18%的泥料,该泥料在陈化6天后入模制成地砖坯体,而后经烘干、烧结和自然冷却即得到产品,所述填充剂粉末的制备方法为:按照上述的比例称取钢渣粉、铝灰和赤泥,混合后粉磨至细度不超过300微米的细粉,然后在1650℃的温度下烧结1h后冷却并粉磨至细度不超过30微米即得到填充剂。
以上为本实施例的基本实施方式,可在以上基础上做进一步的改进、优化和限定:
如,所述外加剂中还含有1份细度不超过100微米的石英砂粉末;
又如,所述填充剂中还含有1份的橄榄岩粉末;
再如,所述填充剂在制备过程中,烧结完成后以600℃/min的降温速率急速冷却后再进行粉磨;
又再如,所述泥料在陈化6天后,向其中加入泥料总重3%的地沟油,再次拌合均匀后再进行挤压成型制成地砖坯体;
又再如,所述烘干温度为100℃,而且在烘干过程中充分利用轴流风机,以使受热均匀;
最后,所述烧结分为预热段、升温段和焙烧段三部分,其中,预热段是指使炉内温度从常温在2h均匀升高到200℃,并保持该温度1h,在此过程中,保持炉内氧气含量不高于4%;
所述升温段是指,使炉内温度从200℃在4h均匀升高到800℃,在此过程中,保持炉内氧气含量不低于45%;
所述焙烧段是指,使炉内温度从800℃在2h均匀升高到1650℃,并保持该温度3h,在此过程中,保持炉内氧气含量不低于45%。
实施例2
一种人行道用排水型地砖,包括砖体1和设置在砖体1上表面用以将积水拍向四周的圆弧状排水坡101,砖体1相对的两侧分别设置有可插接配合的突起部102和凹陷部103,且突起部102的长度大于凹陷部103的深度,以使某块砖体1的突起部102插入与其相邻砖体的凹陷部103后,在两块砖体1之间形成排水槽104;
所述砖体1由基料、外加剂、填充剂与水混合制成泥浆后成型、烧制而成,其中,按照重量比,基料由22份的粉煤灰、20份的电石灰、28份的石灰石粉和8份的河砂混合而成,外加剂由10份细度不超过30微米的碳化硅微粉和3份细度不超过30微米的蓝晶石粉混合而成,填充剂由5份的钢渣粉、3份的铝灰和2份的赤泥混合后在1700℃的温度下烧结1h后粉磨至细度不超过30微米得到;
上述人行道用排水型地砖的制作方法,首先制备填充剂粉末,然后上述比例称取各物料进行混合并加入水制成含水率为20%的泥料,该泥料在陈化8天后入模制成地砖坯体,而后经烘干、烧结和自然冷却即得到产品,所述填充剂粉末的制备方法为:按照上述的比例称取钢渣粉、铝灰和赤泥,混合后粉磨至细度不超过300微米的细粉,然后在1700℃的温度下烧结1h后冷却并粉磨至细度不超过30微米即得到填充剂。
以上为本实施例的基本实施方式,可在以上基础上做进一步的改进、优化和限定:
如,所述外加剂中还含有2份细度不超过100微米的石英砂粉末;
又如,所述填充剂中还含有2份的橄榄岩粉末;
再如,所述填充剂在制备过程中,烧结完成后以700℃/min的降温速率急速冷却后再进行粉磨;
又再如,所述泥料在陈化8天后,向其中加入泥料总重3%的地沟油,再次拌合均匀后再进行挤压成型制成地砖坯体;
又再如,所述烘干温度为120℃,而且在烘干过程中充分利用轴流风机,以使受热均匀;
最后,所述烧结分为预热段、升温段和焙烧段三部分,其中,预热段是指使炉内温度从常温在2h均匀升高到200℃,并保持该温度2h,在此过程中,保持炉内氧气含量不高于4%;
所述升温段是指,使炉内温度从200℃在4h均匀升高到800℃,在此过程中,保持炉内氧气含量不低于45%;
所述焙烧段是指,使炉内温度从800℃在2h均匀升高到1650℃,并保持该温度3h,在此过程中,保持炉内氧气含量不低于45%。
实施例3
一种人行道用排水型地砖,包括砖体1和设置在砖体1上表面用以将积水拍向四周的圆弧状排水坡101,砖体1相对的两侧分别设置有可插接配合的突起部102和凹陷部103,且突起部102的长度大于凹陷部103的深度,以使某块砖体1的突起部102插入与其相邻砖体的凹陷部103后,在两块砖体1之间形成排水槽104;
所述砖体1由基料、外加剂、填充剂与水混合制成泥浆后成型、烧制而成,其中,按照重量比,基料由21份的粉煤灰、18份的电石灰、26份的石灰石粉和7份的河砂混合而成,外加剂由9.5份细度不超过30微米的碳化硅微粉和2.5份细度不超过30微米的蓝晶石粉混合而成,填充剂由4份的钢渣粉、2.5份的铝灰和1.5份的赤泥混合后在1675℃的温度下烧结1h后粉磨至细度不超过30微米得到;
上述人行道用排水型地砖的制作方法,首先制备填充剂粉末,然后上述比例称取各物料进行混合并加入水制成含水率为19%的泥料,该泥料在陈化7天后入模制成地砖坯体,而后经烘干、烧结和自然冷却即得到产品,所述填充剂粉末的制备方法为:按照上述的比例称取钢渣粉、铝灰和赤泥,混合后粉磨至细度不超过300微米的细粉,然后在1675℃的温度下烧结1h后冷却并粉磨至细度不超过30微米即得到填充剂。
以上为本实施例的基本实施方式,可在以上基础上做进一步的改进、优化和限定:
如,所述外加剂中还含有1.5份细度不超过100微米的石英砂粉末;
又如,所述填充剂中还含有1.5份的橄榄岩粉末;
再如,所述填充剂在制备过程中,烧结完成后以650℃/min的降温速率急速冷却后再进行粉磨;
又再如,所述泥料在陈化7天后,向其中加入泥料总重3%的地沟油,再次拌合均匀后再进行挤压成型制成地砖坯体;
又再如,所述烘干温度为110℃,而且在烘干过程中充分利用轴流风机,以使受热均匀;
最后,所述烧结分为预热段、升温段和焙烧段三部分,其中,预热段是指使炉内温度从常温在2h均匀升高到200℃,并保持该温度1.5h,在此过程中,保持炉内氧气含量不高于4%;
所述升温段是指,使炉内温度从200℃在4h均匀升高到800℃,在此过程中,保持炉内氧气含量不低于45%;
所述焙烧段是指,使炉内温度从800℃在2h均匀升高到1650℃,并保持该温度3h,在此过程中,保持炉内氧气含量不低于45%。

Claims (8)

1.一种人行道用排水型地砖,其特征在于:包括砖体(1)和设置在砖体(1)上表面用以将积水拍向四周的圆弧状排水坡(101),砖体(1)相对的两侧分别设置有可插接配合的突起部(102)和凹陷部(103),且突起部(102)的长度大于凹陷部(103)的深度,以使某块砖体(1)的突起部(102)插入与其相邻砖体的凹陷部(103)后,在两块砖体(1)之间形成排水槽(104);
所述砖体(1)由基料、外加剂、填充剂与水混合制成泥浆后成型、烧制而成,其中,按照重量比,基料由20-22份的粉煤灰、16-20份的电石灰、24-28份的石灰石粉和6-8份的河砂混合而成,外加剂由9-10份细度不超过30微米的碳化硅微粉和2-3份细度不超过30微米的蓝晶石粉混合而成,填充剂由3-5份的钢渣粉、2-3份的铝灰和1-2份的赤泥混合后在1650-1700℃的温度下烧结1h后粉磨至细度不超过30微米得到。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种人行道用排水型地砖,其特征在于:所述外加剂中还含有1-2份细度不超过100微米的石英砂粉末。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种人行道用排水型地砖,其特征在于:所述填充剂中还含有1-2份的橄榄岩粉末。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种人行道用排水型地砖,其特征在于:所述填充剂在制备过程中,烧结完成后以600-700℃/min的降温速率急速冷却后再进行粉磨。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种人行道用排水型地砖的制作方法,首先制备填充剂粉末,然后按照权利要求1的比例称取各物料进行混合并加入水制成含水率为18-20%的泥料,该泥料在陈化6-8天后入模制成地砖坯体,而后经烘干、烧结和自然冷却即得到产品,其特征在于,所述填充剂粉末的制备方法为:按照权利要求1所述的比例称取钢渣粉、铝灰和赤泥,混合后粉磨至细度不超过300微米的细粉,然后在1650-1700℃的温度下烧结1h后冷却并粉磨至细度不超过30微米即得到填充剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种人行道用排水型地砖的制作方法,其特征在于:所述泥料在陈化6-8天后,向其中加入泥料总重3%的地沟油,再次拌合均匀后再进行挤压成型制成地砖坯体。
7.根据权利要求5所述的一种人行道用排水型地砖的制作方法,其特征在于:所述烘干温度为100-120℃。
8.根据权利要求5所述的一种人行道用排水型地砖的制作方法,其特征在于:所述烧结分为预热段、升温段和焙烧段三部分,其中,预热段是指使炉内温度从常温在2h均匀升高到200℃,并保持该温度1-2h,在此过程中,保持炉内氧气含量不高于4%;
所述升温段是指,使炉内温度从200℃在4h均匀升高到800℃,在此过程中,保持炉内氧气含量不低于45%;
所述焙烧段是指,使炉内温度从800℃在2h均匀升高到1650℃,并保持该温度3h,在此过程中,保持炉内氧气含量不低于45%。
CN201611063729.9A 2016-11-28 2016-11-28 一种人行道用排水型地砖及其制作方法 Pending CN106638206A (zh)

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