CN106633027B - 一种苯胺分子印迹聚合物的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种苯胺分子印迹聚合物的制备方法,所述制备方法是将单宁酸和苯胺混合进行反应,制备成以氢键结合的洋盐,然后加入交联剂进行交联聚合反应,最后利用乙醇洗涤,得到以单宁酸为功能单体的苯胺分子印迹聚合物。本方法使用的功能单体单宁酸为植物的次生物质,可再生,来源广泛,成本低,为废水中苯胺的去除提供了一种有效的手段。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种苯胺分子印迹聚合物的制备方法,属于高分子功能材料与环境领域。
背景技术
苯胺对高等动物的血液,肝及中枢神经有毒害作用。染料、纺织、油漆、制药和有机合成等企业排放的污水中含有大量的苯胺,苯胺在水相中较稳定,不易降解,是环境优先控制污染物之一。处理废水中苯胺的方法有生物法、萃取法、膜分离法、超临界氧化法、吸附法和电化学法等。其中吸附法是去除水中苯胺最有效的方法。所以,研究开发新型吸附苯胺功能材料具有重要的意义。
分子印迹技术是近年来迅速发展起来的一项新型技术,分子印迹聚合物因具有特定的分子识别能力而获得广泛的应用,是目前使用的比较有效的吸附分离方法,具有高度专一性和稳定性。文献报道有使用丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸为功能单体合成苯胺分子印迹聚合物,存在的问题是使用的功能单体均来源于化石原料,由于化石原料不可再生导致制备成本高,且有毒,易产生二次污染,不易大面积推广。单宁酸是植物代谢过程的次生物质,含有大量的酚羟具有一定的亲水性,不易直接用于吸附水体中的有机污染物,但是酚羟基可以进行化学修饰,制备成不同功能的单宁酸衍生物。本发明一种以单宁酸作为功能单体,苯胺为模板分子,加入一定量的交联剂进行交联聚合反应,乙醇除去模板分子,制备了一种单宁酸基苯胺分子印迹聚合物。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服现有技术中的不足,提供一种有效吸附废水中苯胺的聚合物制备方法。
实现本发明上述目的的具体思路为:将单宁酸和苯胺按一定的摩尔比进行混合,在室温下反应30min后,加入一定量的交联剂,调节溶液的pH为10-11,40-60℃反应2-6h,迅速加入含有Span80的液体石蜡中,缓慢升温回流反应6h,冷却至室温,抽滤,用石油醚洗去液体石蜡,再用乙醇洗涤直至545nm处检查不到苯胺分子,水洗2-3次,50℃真空干燥得到制备的聚合物,利用制备的聚合物静态吸附水体中苯胺,吸附容量可达200mg/g以上。
上述苯胺分子印迹聚合物的制备方法中,所述功能单体单宁酸与模板分子苯胺的物质量比为1:2-6。
上述苯胺分子印迹聚合物的制备方法中,所述交联剂是甲醛和乙二醇二缩水甘油醚的一种,其中甲醛用量为4-8ml,乙二醇二缩水甘油醚用量为0.5-2ml。
本发明上述所提供的一种苯胺分子印迹聚合物的制备方法,所使用的功能单体单宁酸为天然产物,来源广泛,成本低;可再生,残留后低毒,不存在二次污染;单宁酸和苯胺以氢键特异性结合,制备成苯胺分子印迹聚合物,对水体中的苯胺吸附具有专一性,吸附容量至少为200mg/g。
图1是本发明具体实施方式中步骤一的反应示意图。
图2是本发明具体实施方式中步骤二中交联剂为乙二醇二缩水甘油醚的反应示意图。
图3是本发明具体实施方式中步骤二中交联剂为甲醛的反应示意图。
具体实施方式
实施本发明上述所提供的一种单宁酸基苯胺分子印迹聚合物制备方法,是以天然产物单宁酸作为功能单体,苯胺为模板分子,制备成以氢键结合的洋盐,加入一定量的交联剂和致孔剂进行交联聚合反应,乙醇除去模板分子,得到以单宁酸为功能单体的苯胺分子印迹聚合物。其具体制备方法如下。
步骤一:单宁酸和苯胺按一定的摩尔比进行混合,在室温下反应30min,反应见附图1。
步骤二:加入一定量的交联剂,调节溶液的pH为10-11,然后加入一定量40-60℃反应2-6h,迅速加入含有Span80的液体石蜡中,缓慢升温回流反应6h,冷却至室温,抽滤,用石油醚洗去液体石蜡,最后利用乙醇洗涤直至545nm处检查不到苯胺,水洗2-3次,50℃真空干燥得到制备的聚合物。附图2和附图3分别为交联剂为乙二醇二缩水甘油醚和甲醛的反应示图。
利用制备的聚合物静态吸附水体中苯胺,吸附容量可达200mg/g以上。
本发明上述具体实施方式能够有效地吸附苯胺废水中的苯胺,并且易于脱附和重复利用,使用的功能单体单宁酸为植物的次生物质,可再生,来源广泛,成本较低。
为了证实实验结果,没有进行印迹反应,直接将单宁酸和交联剂反应,然后在上述步骤二相同条件下制备聚合物,利用制备的聚合物静态吸附水体中苯胺,吸附容量为140mg/g左右。
苯胺浓度的测定参照GB11889-1989《水质苯胺类化合物的测定N-(1-萘基)乙二胺偶氮分光光度法》。
下面用实施例进一步对本发明的具体实施方式作出详细说明。
实施例1
将单宁酸和苯胺按摩尔比为1:3进行混合,在室温下反应30min后,加入8ml的甲醛,调节溶液的pH为10,60℃反应2h,迅速加入含有Span80的液体石蜡中,缓慢升温回流反应6h,冷却至室温,抽滤,用石油醚洗去液体石蜡,最后利用乙醇洗涤直至545nm处检查不到苯胺,水洗2-3次,50℃真空干燥得到制备的聚合物。利用制备的聚合物静态吸附水体中苯胺,吸附容量高达213mg/g。
实施例2
将单宁酸和苯胺按摩尔比为1:4进行混合,在室温下反应30min后,加入6ml的甲醛,调节溶液的pH为11,50℃反应2h,迅速加入含有Span80的液体石蜡中,缓慢升温回流反应6h,冷却至室温,抽滤,用石油醚洗去液体石蜡,最后利用乙醇洗涤直至545nm处检查不到苯胺,水洗2-3次,50℃真空干燥得到制备的聚合物。利用制备的聚合物静态吸附水体中苯胺,吸附容量高达216mg/g。
实施例3
将单宁酸和苯胺按摩尔比为1:4进行混合,在室温下反应30min后,加入0.5ml乙二醇二缩水甘油醚,调节溶液的pH为10,50℃反应2h,迅速加入含有Span80的液体石蜡中,缓慢升温回流反应6h,冷却至室温,抽滤,用石油醚洗去液体石蜡,最后利用乙醇洗涤直至545nm处检查不到苯胺,水洗2-3次,50℃真空干燥得到制备的聚合物。利用制备的聚合物静态吸附水体中苯胺,吸附容量高达210mg/g。
实施例4
将单宁酸和苯胺按摩尔比为1:3进行混合,在室温下反应30min后,加入2ml乙二醇二缩水甘油醚,调节溶液的pH为11, 40℃反应2h,迅速加入含有Span80的液体石蜡中,缓慢升温回流反应6h,冷却至室温,抽滤,用石油醚洗去液体石蜡,最后利用乙醇洗涤直至545nm处检查不到苯胺,水洗2-3次,50℃真空干燥得到制备的聚合物。利用制备的聚合物静态吸附水体中苯胺,吸附容量高达208mg/g。
实施例5
将单宁酸和苯胺按摩尔比为1:4进行混合,在室温下反应30min后,加入4ml的甲醛,调节溶液的pH为10,50℃反应2h,迅速加入含有Span80的液体石蜡中,缓慢升温回流反应6h,冷却至室温,抽滤,用石油醚洗去液体石蜡,最后利用乙醇洗涤直至545nm处检查不到苯胺,水洗2-3次,50℃真空干燥得到制备的聚合物。利用制备的聚合物静态吸附水体中苯胺,吸附容量高达213mg/g。
实施例6
将单宁酸和苯胺按摩尔比为1:4进行混合,在室温下反应30min后,加入1ml乙二醇二缩水甘油醚,调节溶液的pH为10,50℃反应2h,迅速加入含有Span80的液体石蜡中,缓慢升温回流反应6h,冷却至室温,抽滤,用石油醚洗去液体石蜡,最后利用乙醇洗涤直至545nm处检查不到苯胺,水洗2-3次,50℃真空干燥得到制备的聚合物。利用制备的聚合物静态吸附水体中苯胺,吸附容量高达203mg/g。
Claims (1)
1.一种苯胺分子印迹聚合物的制备方法,所述制备方法是将功能单体单宁酸和模板分子苯胺按1: 2-6的摩尔比进行混合,在室温下反应30min后,加入交联剂,调节溶液的pH为10-11,40-60℃反应2-6h,然后迅速加入含有Span80的液体石蜡中,缓慢升温至沸腾,回流反应6h,冷却至室温,抽滤,用石油醚洗去液体石蜡,再用乙醇洗涤直至545nm处检查不到苯胺分子,水洗2-3次,50℃真空干燥得到制备的聚合物,利用制备的聚合物静态吸附水体中苯胺,吸附容量至少为200mg/g;
所述交联剂是甲醛和乙二醇二缩水甘油醚的一种,其中甲醛用量为4-8ml,乙二醇二缩水甘油醚用量为1-2ml。
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