CN106631492B

CN106631492B - Agaricus bisporus casing material mainly comprising salinized soil and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN106631492B
Application number: CN201611250797.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 南晓洁; 郭尚; 周林; 刘秀珍
Original assignee: Edible Fungi Research Institute Shanxi Academy Of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Edible Fungi Research Institute Shanxi Academy Of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2016-12-30
Filing date: 2016-12-30
Publication date: 2020-11-13
Anticipated expiration: 2036-12-30
Also published as: CN106631492A

Abstract

An agaricus bisporus casing material mainly based on salinized soil comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 92-96 parts of salinized soil, 3-4 parts of bran coat and 2-3 parts of vinegar residue. The preparation method of the casing material comprises the following steps: (1) collecting saline soil below 20cm from the surface of the ground, digging out, exposing to the sun for 2 days, and sieving with a 3mm sieve for later use; (2) soaking clean bran in 2% clear lime water for 24 hr, taking out, and draining; (3) crushing the clean vinegar residue, sieving the crushed vinegar residue with a 3mm sieve, soaking the crushed vinegar residue in 2% clear lime water for 24 hours, taking out the soaked vinegar residue, and draining the soaked vinegar residue for later use; (4) uniformly mixing the raw materials prepared in the steps (1), (2) and (3), adding water to regulate the moisture content to 18-22%, and using FeSO₄Adjusting pH to 7.8-8.2, covering with plastic film, and sealing at room temperature for 20 days; (5) spraying 3% formaldehyde and 0.5% malathion with the spraying amount of 2% -3% of the weight of the soil covering material, and turning over the pile 3-4 times within two days to obtain the soil covering material of the agaricus bisporus. The method has the greatest advantage of low production cost, and the soil covering material adopted by the method can increase the yield by more than 20% compared with the traditional turfy soil.

Description

Agaricus bisporus casing material mainly comprising salinized soil and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of edible mushroom cultivation, in particular to an earth covering material for cultivating agaricus bisporus and a preparation method thereof.

Background

Agaricus bisporus (A)Agaricus bisporus) The edible fungus is a famous edible fungus with the widest cultivation area, the largest production scale and the largest yield in the world at present, has fat and tender meat quality, delicious and delicious taste, rich nutrition, high protein content, low fat content and high protein digestibility up to 88.5 percent, contains calcium, iron, zinc and other elements which are easy to be absorbed by human bodies, is rich in nutrient components such as various mineral substances, nucleotide, nicotinic acid, trace elements, vitamins and the like, also contains various amino acids and dozens of rare amino acids, has extremely high nutritional value, and is favored by people. The covering soil plays an important role in the cultivation process of the agaricus bisporus, the covering soil provides environmental change for the growth of the agaricus bisporus so that the agaricus bisporus is changed from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, and the specific physicochemical properties and the specific physical and chemical properties of the covering soil layerThe activity of microorganisms plays an important role in the formation of agaricus bisporus sporocarp, the agaricus bisporus cultivation has the characteristic of no covering soil and no fruiting, and when mycelia grow to a certain stage, covering soil is an essential link for stimulating the formation of the sporocarp. Meanwhile, the covering soil is also a main influence factor of the yield and quality of the agaricus bisporus and the uniformity of the commercial agaricus bisporus.

At present, the most ideal soil covering material is peat soil (also called peat soil), the maximum water holding capacity of the peat soil can reach 90 percent (the common soil is only 20 to 30 percent), the granular structure is good, the peat soil is loose and breathable, the peat soil is not hardened, the water spraying frequency is low in the growth and development process of young mushrooms, and the mushroom quality is good. The application of turfy soil in industrial cultivation in developed countries in the west is very common. The turfy soil is mainly produced in original forests in northeast China, although the turfy soil is widely applied to soil covering, the turfy soil is a non-renewable resource, and because a large amount of turfy soil is consumed in industrial production of agaricus bisporus every year, the turfy soil is expensive from purchasing and transportation to later-stage production. Therefore, under the current conditions of China, how to replace the simulated turfy soil with the local current resource agricultural wastes to achieve the purpose of improving the yield and the quality of the agaricus bisporus becomes a new trend for improving the cultivation means. If a method for imitating turfy soil with low price and convenient manufacture can be found, the method has great application and popularization values, and has important significance for reducing natural resource consumption and protecting the environment. Chinese patent 200810034603.8 discloses a preparation method using cow dung as an agaricus bisporus casing material, 201180055685.4 discloses a production method using bagasse as an agaricus bisporus casing material, 201410845464.2 discloses a production method using vermiculite as an agaricus bisporus casing material, and the like, all of which are agaricus bisporus casing materials developed by the inventors according to local conditions, and the above reports have positive significance for reducing the consumption of turfy soil resources in China, but there are some limitations due to different casing materials.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the agaricus bisporus casing material which is low in cost and mainly takes the salinized soil and the preparation method thereof.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.

An agaricus bisporus casing material taking salinized soil as a main material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 92-96 parts of saline soil, 3-4 parts of bran coat and 2-3 parts of vinegar residue.

The salinized soil used for preparing the agaricus bisporus casing soil, also called saline-alkali soil, has wide distribution range, large area and more types of Chinese salinized soil, and the total area is about 1 hundred million hm². Mainly in arid, semi-arid and semi-moist areas. The salinized soil of China is distributed in 19 provinces of Liao, Ji, Black, Ji, Lu, Yu, jin, Xin, Shaanxi, Ganjin, Ning, Qing, Su, Zhe, Wan, Min, Guangdong, inner Mongolia and Tibet. The soluble salt of saline-alkali soil mainly includes sulfate, chloride, carbonate and bicarbonate of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and the like. The agaricus bisporus mycelium is loose in texture and good in permeability, and meets the basic requirements of agaricus bisporus mycelium growth.

The bran coat is a byproduct of millet processing from the millet. The bran coat has light volume weight and good air permeability, and can improve the air permeability of the saline soil when added into the saline soil. Meanwhile, the bran coat contains triglyceride, free fatty acid, acipimic acid, lipoprotein, vitamin B, vitamin E, oryzanol, phytic acid, penta-carbonic acid, hexa-carbonic acid, glucose, cellulose and other substances. Vitamin B, citric acid and other nutrients may be absorbed and utilized for the growth and development of agaricus bisporus.

The vinegar residue is a byproduct of vinegar processing. Shanxi is a big province for vinegar brewing, and the vinegar residue by-product is large in amount and is not effectively utilized. The vinegar residue has loose texture and good permeability. The vinegar residue contains more crude protein and crude fiber, and is rich in microelements such as iron, zinc, selenium, manganese, etc., and can be absorbed and utilized for the growth and development of agaricus bisporus.

Therefore, in the prepared agaricus bisporus casing material, a large amount of saline soil with almost no cost is added, and a small amount of bran coat and vinegar residue not only has the function of improving the air permeability of the casing material, but also has the function of providing nutrition for the growth of agaricus bisporus hyphae. Experiments prove that after the bran coat and the vinegar residue are added into the soil covering material, the indexes of non-capillary porosity, capillary water holding capacity and maximum water holding capacity also have synergistic effect.

A preparation method of agaricus bisporus casing material mainly comprising salinized soil comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing saline soil raw materials, collecting saline soil below 20cm from the ground surface, digging out, exposing to the sun for 2 days, and sieving by a 3mm sieve for later use;

(2) preparing bran raw materials, taking clean bran, soaking the clean bran in 2% clear lime water for 24 hours, taking out the clean bran and draining the clean bran for later use;

(3) preparing vinegar residue raw materials, crushing the clean vinegar residue, sieving the crushed vinegar residue with a 3mm sieve, soaking the crushed vinegar residue raw materials in 2% clear lime water for 24 hours, taking out the soaked vinegar residue raw materials, and draining the soaked vinegar residue raw materials for later use;

(4) uniformly mixing the raw materials prepared in the steps (1), (2) and (3), adding water to regulate the humidity to 18-22 percent of water content,

with FeSO₄Adjusting pH to 7.8-8.2, covering with plastic film, and sealing at room temperature for 20 days;

(5) spraying 3% formaldehyde and 0.5% malathion with the spraying amount of 2% -3% of the weight of the soil covering material, and turning over the pile 3-4 times within two days to obtain the soil covering material of the agaricus bisporus.

The invention relates to an agaricus bisporus casing material taking salinized soil as a main component and a comparative test with control turfy soil

1. Content of the experiment

The soil covering material test is provided with 5 treatments, which are respectively as follows: (1) peatmoss, (2) salinized soil, (3) salinized soil (96.5%) + bran coat (3.5%), (4) salinized soil (97.5%) + vinegar residue (2.5%), (5) salinized soil (94%) + bran coat (3.5%) + vinegar residue (2.5%), and cell area 1.5 × 1.4=2.1m²Each treatment was repeated 3 times; the content of the investigation includes: (1) the volume weight, non-capillary porosity, capillary water-holding capacity and maximum water-holding capacity indexes of different processed soil covering materials; (2) the dynamic change of the conductivity of the different treatment casing materials during the growth of the agaricus bisporus and the influence on the yield of the agaricus bisporus.

2. Test method

The culture material is cultured in 2016 year 24/3 month, and the spawn running management is carried out for 18 days until the hyphae growCovering soil in 10 days after 4 months after the material layer is full, wherein the thickness of the covered soil is 3.5cm, raking is carried out in 13 days after 4 months, the soil is randomly arranged at the second layer position of the mushroom house, the pesticide spraying and the water spraying are carried out according to the conventional management during the test period, the room temperature of the mushroom house is 21.2 ℃, the material temperature is 25.4 ℃, the humidity is 96.5 percent, and CO is used for controlling the pesticide spraying and the water spraying at the spawn running₂Concentration of 0.54%, cooling in 4 months and 18 days, room temperature of 17.7 deg.C, material temperature of 21.0 deg.C, humidity of 98%, and CO₂The concentration is 0.15%, and the cultivation is carried out according to a conventional cultivation method. And observing the growth condition of mushroom hyphae in different covering soil, the formation of mushroom buds and the yield of mushrooms. And respectively collecting covering soil for analyzing the pH value of the covering soil matrix and EC25 in 0 day (before covering soil), 3 days, 6 days, 9 days (hypha growth period), 17 days (first fruiting time), 24 days (after first fruiting time) and 42 days (third fruiting time) of the covering soil, and calculating the conductivity random distribution deviation coefficient C value in the spawn running period. Sampling and detecting the bacterial number in different covering soil in 4 periods of 0 day, 9 days, 17 days and 24 days of the covering soil, and analyzing the dynamic change of microorganisms. Collecting first tide of mushrooms at 28 days to 5 days and 6 days in 4 months in 2016, collecting second tide of mushrooms at 9 days to 16 days in 5 months, collecting third tide of mushrooms at 19 days to 26 days in 5 months, recording the yield of each tide of mushrooms, drying and crushing the first tide of mushrooms at 80 ℃, and analyzing the quality of the mushrooms: protein, fat, carbohydrate, ash.

3. Test results

(1) Different treated soil covering capillary water holding capacity, maximum water holding capacity, non-capillary porosity and compacted volume weight

The water content of the sporophore of the agaricus bisporus is generally about 90 percent, and the condition that the agaricus bisporus can be used for providing more water is necessary for the growth and development of the agaricus bisporus. The water in the fruiting body is mainly from the casing material and the culture material, and the mushroom absorbs the water from the casing material to improve the water content of the fruiting body is very important, so that the mushroom has certain water holding capacity as the casing material. As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the indexes of non-capillary porosity, capillary water content and maximum water holding capacity of the peatmoss are the maximum in five treatments, further indicating that the peatmoss is the optimal agaricus bisporus casing material in terms of physical properties. Compared with the other four alternative covering materials, the test results are as follows: when salinized soil, bran coat and vinegar residue are used as covering materials, the indexes of non-capillary porosity, capillary water content and maximum water holding capacity are all remarkably higher than those of other three treatment materials; the indexes of non-capillary porosity, capillary water content and maximum water holding capacity of the salinized soil and the bran coat are remarkably higher than those of two treatments of salinized soil, vinegar residue and pure salinized soil; the indexes of the non-capillary porosity, capillary water content and maximum water holding capacity of the salinized soil C and the vinegar residue are remarkably higher than those of pure salinized soil. Therefore, the covering material formed by combining the salinized soil, the bran coat and the vinegar residue has interactive synergistic effect on the influence of three indexes of non-capillary porosity, capillary water content and maximum water holding capacity. The test also shows that the porosity, capillary water holding capacity and maximum water holding capacity of the five treated non-capillary tubes can meet the basic water holding capacity required by the growth and development of the agaricus bisporus.

(2) Dynamic variation of conductivity of different casing materials and influence on yield

The conductivity is an important parameter of soil fertility, and the fertilizer retention and supply characteristics, hydrodynamic characteristics and structural characteristics of the soil are closely related to the electrochemical characteristics of soil colloid. From the test results in the table 2, the average value of the EC25 mean value of salinized soil, bran coat and vinegar residue treatment is 1752 muS/cm, the EC25 mean value of salinized soil and vinegar residue treatment is 1544 muS/cm, the EC25 mean value of salinized soil, bran coat and vinegar residue treatment is 1538 muS/cm, the salinized soil is 1362 muS/cm and the peat soil is 1296 muS/cm by comparing the average values of 7 detection results in the soil covering period A, and the EC25 mean value of salinized soil, bran coat and vinegar residue treatment is remarkably higher than that of other four treatments; the difference between the salinized soil and the vinegar residue and the salinized soil and the bran coat is not obvious, but both the salinized soil and the vinegar residue are obviously higher than those of the salinized soil and the turfy soil; the salinized soil treatment is remarkably higher than the turfy soil treatment. The total yield of the mushrooms in the growing period corresponding to the five earthing treatments also shows a positive correlation, namely the higher the conductivity is, the higher the total yield is, and the total yield between the five treatments shows obvious difference.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

(1) the main raw material saline soil of the agaricus bisporus casing material is easy to obtain and is particularly suitable for northern areas of China; (2) the auxiliary raw materials of vinegar residue and bran coat are main agricultural product processing byproducts in Shanxi province, resources are rich, meanwhile, the two raw materials also provide partial nutrient components for agaricus bisporus, and the two raw materials simultaneously use three indexes of non-capillary porosity, capillary water capacity and maximum water capacity of the soil covering material and have interaction synergism (3) tests prove that the soil covering material is increased by more than 20% compared with the traditional turfy soil; (4) the production and the manufacture are simple, large equipment investment is not needed, and the soil covering material has the greatest advantage of low production cost.

Example 1

The technical scheme of the invention is adopted to prepare the agaricus bisporus casing material.

(4) weighing 92 kg of saline soil, 3 kg of bran coat and 2 kg of vinegar residue, uniformly mixing, adding water to regulate humidity to 18% of water content, and then using FeSO₄Adjusting pH to 7.8, covering with plastic film, and sealing at room temperature for 20 days;

(5) spraying 3% formaldehyde and 0.5% malathion with the spraying amount of 2% of the weight of the soil covering material, and turning over the pile 3-4 times within two days to obtain the soil covering material for the agaricus bisporus.

Example 2

(1) The preparation method of three raw materials of saline soil, bran coat and vinegar residue is the same as that of the example 1;

(2) weighing salt96 kg of soil, 4 kg of bran coat and 3 kg of vinegar residue are uniformly mixed, water is added for humidifying until the water content is 22%, and then FeSO is used₄Adjusting pH to 8.2, covering with plastic film, and sealing at room temperature for 20 days;

(5) spraying 3% formaldehyde and 0.5% malathion with the spraying amount of 3% of the weight of the soil covering material, and turning over the pile 3-4 times within two days to obtain the soil covering material for the agaricus bisporus.

Example 3

(2) weighing 94 kg of saline soil, 3.5 kg of bran coat and 2.5 kg of vinegar residue, uniformly mixing, adding water for humidifying to reach the water content of 20%, and then using FeSO₄Adjusting pH to 8.2, covering with plastic film, and sealing at room temperature for 20 days;

(5) spraying 3% formaldehyde and 0.5% malathion with the spraying amount of 2.5% of the weight of the soil covering material, and turning over the pile 3-4 times within two days to obtain the soil covering material of the agaricus bisporus.

Example 4

(2) weighing 92 kg of saline soil, 4 kg of bran coat and 2 kg of vinegar residue, uniformly mixing, adding water to regulate the humidity to 20%, and then using FeSO₄Adjusting pH to 8.1, covering with plastic film, and sealing at room temperature for 20 days;

(5) spraying 3% formaldehyde and 0.5% malathion with the spraying amount of 2.2% of the weight of the soil covering material, and turning over the pile 3-4 times within two days to obtain the soil covering material of the agaricus bisporus.

Example 5

(2) weighing 96 kg of saline soil and rice bran3 kg of vinegar residue and 3 kg of vinegar residue are mixed evenly, added with water for humidifying to reach the water content of 20 percent and then FeSO is used₄Adjusting pH to 7.9, covering with plastic film, and sealing at room temperature for 20 days;

(5) spraying 3% formaldehyde and 0.5% malathion with the spraying amount of 2.8% of the weight of the soil covering material, and turning over the pile 3-4 times within two days to obtain the soil covering material of the agaricus bisporus.

Claims

1. An agaricus bisporus casing material mainly based on salinized soil comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 92-96 parts of salinized soil, 3-4 parts of bran coat and 2-3 parts of vinegar residue;

the preparation method of the agaricus bisporus casing material mainly comprising the salinized soil comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing a salinized soil raw material, collecting the salinized soil below 20cm from the ground surface, digging out the salinized soil, exposing the salinized soil for 2 days, and sieving the salinized soil by a sieve of 3mm for later use;

(4) uniformly mixing the raw materials prepared in the steps (1), (2) and (3), adding water to regulate the moisture content to 18-22%, and using FeSO₄Adjusting pH to 7.8-8.2, covering with plastic film, and sealing at room temperature for 20 days;