CN106631028A - 一种金属复合镁碳化硅防弹陶瓷的制备工艺 - Google Patents

一种金属复合镁碳化硅防弹陶瓷的制备工艺 Download PDF

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CN106631028A
CN106631028A CN201610823080.XA CN201610823080A CN106631028A CN 106631028 A CN106631028 A CN 106631028A CN 201610823080 A CN201610823080 A CN 201610823080A CN 106631028 A CN106631028 A CN 106631028A
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silicon carbide
metal composite
composite magnesium
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magnesium silicon
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曾宪新
曾庆洋
王大军
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Xinxiang Juneng Refractories Co Ltd
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Abstract

一种金属复合镁碳化硅防弹陶瓷的制备工艺,步骤如下:1)将金属铝、纳米氧化铝和氧化铈进行事先预混合备用;2)以碳化硅、高纯烧结氧化镁为主要原料,加入适量酚醛树脂搅拌,再加入事先拌制的金属铝、纳米氧化铝和氧化铈混合粉搅拌,制备出金属复合镁碳化硅防弹陶瓷粉料;3)将制备好的金属复合镁碳化硅防弹陶瓷粉料装入低碳钢的包套中,使用氮气作为介质,采用热等静压方式加压、保温,获得相应形状的坯体,再通过线切割获得所需形状的防弹陶瓷。本发明通过引入金属铝、铝镁合金及采用纳米氧化铝和氧化铈为复合稳定剂,以高纯烧结氧化镁替代部分碳化硅,通过热等静压成型和烧成,从而将现有防弹陶瓷通过冷等静压成型和烧成二个工序合为一个热等静压成型工序。

Description

一种金属复合镁碳化硅防弹陶瓷的制备工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及一种防弹陶瓷的制备方法,尤其是涉及一种采用热等静压方法制备金属复合镁碳化硅防弹陶瓷的方法。
背景技术
防弹陶瓷在军事装备及煤炭、矿山等特种作业工作人员安全防护中的应用很广泛。在现代大规模战争以及反暴力、反恐怖的斗争中,对于如何抵御枪、炮、导弹对军事装备及人员的损害,同样显得非常重要。而应用防弹陶瓷对减小伤亡、提高战斗力,增加胜利因素,起着关键作用。
目前国际上流行的防弹陶瓷的材质主要有Al2O3防弹陶瓷、碳化硅防弹陶瓷等等,但这些陶瓷在轻量化、强韧化方面仍然不能满足现代军事需要。如何引入新型材料,从而更好赋予防弹陶瓷更高的硬度和耐磨性,高的压缩强度和高应力时的优良弹道性能,对更好阻止子弹、炮弹的穿透和陶瓷轻量化,起着至关的重要作用。
热等静压制备技术是将制品放置到密闭的容器中,向制品施加各向同等的压力,同时施以高温,在高温高压的作用下,制品得以烧结和致密化。热等静压技术优点在于集热压和等静压的优点于一身,成形温度低,产品致密,性能优异,故是高性能材料制备的必要手段,但是由于现有防弹陶瓷的烧成温度在2030-2300℃,超出热等静压成型设备的烧成范围,所以现有防弹陶瓷均以冷等静压成型,然后再进行高温烧成。工艺复杂,过程繁琐,增加了防弹陶瓷制备的制备难度和生产成本。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术不足,提出了一种金属复合镁碳化硅复合防弹陶瓷的制备方法,采用热等静压技术在高温、高压的状态下成型并烧制出防弹陶瓷。
本发明所采用的技术方案:
一种金属复合镁碳化硅防弹陶瓷的制备工艺,其生产步骤如下:
1)将金属铝、纳米氧化铝和氧化铈进行事先预混合备用;
2)以碳化硅、高纯烧结氧化镁为主要原料,加入适量酚醛树脂搅拌30-35分钟,再加入事先拌制的金属铝、纳米氧化铝和氧化铈混合粉,再搅拌10-15分钟,制备出金属复合镁碳化硅防弹陶瓷粉料;
3)将制备好的金属复合镁碳化硅防弹陶瓷粉料装入低碳钢的包套中,使用氮气作为介质,通过电磁或电阻加热方式对包套进行升温,采用热等静压方式加压、保温,获得相应形状的坯体,再通过线切割获得所需形状的防弹陶瓷。
所述的金属复合镁碳化硅防弹陶瓷的制备工艺,步骤1)中,金属铝、纳米氧化铝和氧化铈用量的质量比为1:(0.5-0.8) :(0.1-0.05),其中各组分的纯度按:金属铝中Al含量≥99%,纳米氧化铝中Al2O3含量≥99.6%,氧化铈中 CeO2 含量≥99.999% 计。
所述的金属复合镁碳化硅防弹陶瓷的制备工艺,制备金属铝、纳米氧化铝和氧化铈混合粉时,可以加入一定量的镁铝合金,镁铝合金的用量不大于金属铝用量的30%,镁铝合金中的Al含量为47-53%。
所述的金属复合镁碳化硅防弹陶瓷的制备工艺,步骤2)中,碳化硅、高纯烧结氧化镁、酚醛树脂、事先拌制混合粉的质量比为1:(0.8-0.65):(0.015-0.03):(0.08-0.12),其中碳化硅中SiC含量≥98%,高纯烧结氧化镁中MgO含量≥97.8%,酚醛树脂的固含量为55-65%。
所述的金属复合镁碳化硅防弹陶瓷的制备工艺,采用热等静压方式成型防弹陶瓷的压力为100-120MPa, 烧成温度为1100-1200℃,保温时间为1.5-2小时。
本发明的有益效果:
1、本发明以金属铝、铝镁合金为烧结剂、以纳米氧化铝和氧化铈为复合稳定剂、以碳化硅、高纯烧结氧化镁为主要原料,以酚醛树脂为结合剂,将传统的Al2O3防弹陶瓷、碳化硅陶瓷的烧结温度从2030-2300℃降低至1100-1200℃,从而使其能采用热等静压技术在高温、高压的状态下成型并进行烧成,从而制备出一种金属复合镁碳化硅防弹陶瓷,并使陶瓷获得了超高的强度,并附以优异的忍性,抗冲能力,耐磨损性,进一步提高了碳化硅防弹陶瓷的硬度、耐磨性、耐撞击性和高抗弯强度,更好的实现防止子弹、炮弹的穿透弹效果。
2、本发明金属复合镁碳化硅复合防弹陶瓷的制备方法,与现有防弹陶瓷技术相比,主要通过引入了金属铝、铝镁合金,及采用纳米氧化铝和氧化铈为复合稳定剂,以高纯烧结氧化镁替代部分碳化硅,再通过热等静压成型和烧成,从而将现有防弹陶瓷通过冷等静压成型和烧成二个工序,合为一个热等静压成型工序,通过复合稳定剂的采用,可实现用30-45%的高纯烧结氧化镁替代碳化硅原料,从而在降低防弹陶瓷制造成本的同时,实现防弹陶瓷轻量化,密度小、重量轻,高硬度,与现有的氧化铝防弹陶瓷、碳化硅防弹陶、碳化硼基复合防弹陶瓷相比,具有更好的耐撞击性和高抗弯强度。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式,对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详细描述。
实施例1
本发明金属复合镁碳化硅防弹陶瓷的制备工艺,生产步骤如下:
1)将金属铝、纳米氧化铝和氧化铈进行事先预混合备用;
2)以碳化硅、高纯烧结氧化镁为主要原料,加入适量酚醛树脂搅拌30-35分钟,再加入事先拌制的金属铝、纳米氧化铝和氧化铈混合粉,再搅拌10-15分钟,制备出金属复合镁碳化硅防弹陶瓷粉料;
3)将制备好的金属复合镁碳化硅防弹陶瓷粉料装入低碳钢的包套中,使用氮气作为介质,通过电磁或电阻加热方式对包套进行升温,采用热等静压方式加压、保温,获得相应形状的坯体,再通过线切割获得所需形状的防弹陶瓷。
实施例2
本实施例的金属复合镁碳化硅防弹陶瓷的制备工艺,其与实施例1的不同在于:步骤1)中,金属铝、纳米氧化铝和氧化铈用量的质量比为1:(0.5-0.8) :(0.1-0.05),其中各组分的纯度按:金属铝中Al含量≥99%,纳米氧化铝中Al2O3含量≥99.6%,氧化铈中 CeO2 含量≥99.999% 计。
实施例3
本实施例的金属复合镁碳化硅防弹陶瓷的制备工艺,其与实施例2的不同之处在于:制备金属铝、纳米氧化铝和氧化铈混合粉时,可以加入一定量的镁铝合金,镁铝合金的用量不大于金属铝用量的30%,镁铝合金中的Al含量为47-53%。
其中,金属铝或镁铝合金的粒度为500目;纳米氧化铝的粒度为40-80nm;氧化铈的粒度为3-8μm。
实施例4、实施例5
此两个实施例的金属复合镁碳化硅防弹陶瓷的制备工艺,其分别与实施例2、实施例3的不同之处在于:步骤2)中,碳化硅、高纯烧结氧化镁、酚醛树脂、事先拌制混合粉的质量比为1:(0.8-0.65):(0.015-0.03):(0.08-0.12),其中碳化硅中SiC含量≥98%,高纯烧结氧化镁中MgO含量≥97.8%,酚醛树脂的固含量为55-65%。
其中,碳化硅的粒度为500目、高纯烧结氧化镁的粒度为320目。
实施例6-实施例10
此五个实施例的金属复合镁碳化硅防弹陶瓷的制备工艺,其与前述各实施例分别不同的是:采用热等静压方式成型防弹陶瓷的压力为100-120MPa, 烧成温度为1100-1200℃,保温时间为1.5-2小时。
实施例11
本实施例的金属复合镁碳化硅防弹陶瓷的制备工艺,与实施例2的不同之处在于:步骤1)中,所述金属铝、镁铝合金、纳米氧化铝和氧化铈质量比为1:0.1:0.5:0.1。
实施例12
本实施例的金属复合镁碳化硅防弹陶瓷的制备工艺,与实施例2的不同之处在于:步骤1)中,金属铝、镁铝合金、纳米氧化铝和氧化铈质量比为1:0.1:0.5 :0.05。
实施例13
本实施例的金属复合镁碳化硅防弹陶瓷的制备工艺,与实施例1的不同之处在于:步骤1)中,金属铝、镁铝合金、纳米氧化铝和氧化铈质量比为1:0.1:0.8:0.1。
实施例14
本实施例的金属复合镁碳化硅防弹陶瓷的制备工艺,与实施例1的不同之处在于:步骤1)中,金属铝、镁铝合金、纳米氧化铝和氧化铈质量比为1:0.1:0.8:0.05。
实施例15
本实施例的金属复合镁碳化硅防弹陶瓷的制备工艺,与实施例1的不同之处在于:步骤1)中,金属铝、镁铝合金、纳米氧化铝和氧化铈质量比为1:0.3:0.5:0.1。
实施例16
本实施例的金属复合镁碳化硅防弹陶瓷的制备工艺,与实施例1的不同之处在于:步骤1)中,金属铝、镁铝合金、纳米氧化铝和氧化铈质量比为1:0.3:0.5:0.05。
实施例17
本实施例的金属复合镁碳化硅防弹陶瓷的制备工艺,与实施例1的不同之处在于:步骤1)中,金属铝、镁铝合金、纳米氧化铝和氧化铈质量比为1:0.2:0.6-0.7:0.1-0.05。
实施例18
本实施例的金属复合镁碳化硅防弹陶瓷的制备工艺,与前述各实施例1的不同之处在于:步骤2)中,所述碳化硅、高纯烧结氧化镁、酚醛树脂、事先拌制混合粉的质量比为1:0.8-0.65:0.015-0.03:0.08-0.12。
金属铝的熔点为660℃,本发明的关键技术就是利用金属铝熔点低,其熔融后对防弹陶瓷材料有一定的润湿性,以此来促进防弹陶瓷的烧结,并改善防弹陶瓷的高温力学性能,使其达到优质、高效的使用要求,并将烧结温度从2030-2300℃降低至1100-1200℃,而热等静压设备的烧成温度一般在1000-2000℃,由此实现防弹陶瓷的热等静压生产工艺,实现了工艺简化、能源节约、产品性能改善。
镁铝合金的共熔点更低,为460℃。本发明通过加入少量的镁铝合金,更有利于防弹陶瓷的梯度烧结,从而在其内部自生出增韧相,提高陶瓷材料的断裂韧性,提高抗冲击载荷的能力。

Claims (8)

1.一种金属复合镁碳化硅防弹陶瓷的制备工艺,其生产步骤如下:
1)将金属铝、纳米氧化铝和氧化铈进行事先预混合备用;
2)以碳化硅、高纯烧结氧化镁为主要原料,加入适量酚醛树脂搅拌30-35分钟,再加入事先拌制的金属铝、纳米氧化铝和氧化铈混合粉,再搅拌10-15分钟,制备出金属复合镁碳化硅防弹陶瓷粉料;
3)将制备好的金属复合镁碳化硅防弹陶瓷粉料装入低碳钢的包套中,使用氮气作为介质,通过电磁或电阻加热方式对包套进行升温,采用热等静压方式加压、保温,获得相应形状的坯体,再通过线切割获得所需形状的防弹陶瓷。
2.根据权利要求1所述的金属复合镁碳化硅防弹陶瓷的制备工艺,其特征在于:步骤1)中,金属铝、纳米氧化铝和氧化铈用量的质量比为1:(0.5-0.8) :(0.1-0.05),其中各组分的纯度按:金属铝中Al含量≥99%,纳米氧化铝中Al2O3含量≥99.6%,氧化铈中 CeO2 含量≥99.999% 计。
3.根据权利要求2所述的金属复合镁碳化硅防弹陶瓷的制备工艺,其特征在于:制备金属铝、纳米氧化铝和氧化铈混合粉时,可以加入一定量的镁铝合金,镁铝合金的用量不大于金属铝用量的30%,镁铝合金中的Al含量为47-53%。
4.根据权利要求3所述的金属复合镁碳化硅防弹陶瓷的制备工艺,其特征在于:金属铝或镁铝合金的粒度为500目;纳米氧化铝的粒度为40-80nm;氧化铈的粒度为3-8μm。
5.根据权利要求2、3或4所述的金属复合镁碳化硅防弹陶瓷的制备工艺,其特征在于:步骤2)中,碳化硅、高纯烧结氧化镁、酚醛树脂、事先拌制混合粉的质量比为1:(0.8-0.65):(0.015-0.03):(0.08-0.12),其中碳化硅中SiC含量≥98%,高纯烧结氧化镁中MgO含量≥97.8%,酚醛树脂的固含量为55-65%。
6.根据权利要求5所述的采用热等静压方法制备金属复合镁碳化硅防弹陶瓷的生产工艺,其特征在于:碳化硅的粒度为500目、高纯烧结氧化镁的粒度为320目。
7.根据权利要求5所述的金属复合镁碳化硅防弹陶瓷的制备工艺,其特征在于:采用热等静压方式成型防弹陶瓷的压力为100-120MPa, 烧成温度为1100-1200℃,保温时间为1.5-2小时。
8. 根据权利要求1、2、3、4或6所述的金属复合镁碳化硅防弹陶瓷的制备工艺,其特征在于:采用热等静压方式成型防弹陶瓷的压力为100-120MPa, 烧成温度为1100-1200℃,保温时间为1.5-2小时。
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