CN106611274A - 一种疏水缔合聚合物表面活性剂的合成方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提出了一种疏水缔合聚合物表面活性剂的合成方法，以十六烷基二甲基叔胺和氯丙烯为原料合成了十六烷基二甲基烯丙基氯化铵，接着以丙烯酰胺、2‑丙烯酰胺‑2‑甲基丙磺酸和十六烷基二甲基烯丙基氯化铵为共聚单体，通过反相乳液聚合得到水溶性疏水两性离子三元共聚物，在本发明中，对合成的目标产物‑水溶性疏水两性离子三元共聚物命名为P‑ADA。水溶性疏水两性离子三元共聚物（P‑ADA）中含长链疏水单体和两性离子结构，分子间的疏水缔合作用表现出较好的增黏效应，具有明显的抗盐性能；在温度较高时，含表面活性剂的溶液显示优异的温增黏效应。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及污水处理、药物缓释、印染、油气开采领域。
背景技术
疏水缔合聚合物的表面活性剂是近年来医药、化工行业中备受青睐的一种新兴材料，聚合物的亲水性大分子链上带有少量疏水基团，当它的浓度高于临界缔合浓度(CAC)后，大分子链通过疏水缔合作用聚集形成以分子间缔合为主的动态物理交联网络结构，使溶液黏度大幅升高，且小分子电解质的加入和温度的升高均可增加疏水缔合作用这种独特的溶液性能使疏水缔合聚合物在增黏、抗温、抗盐和抗剪切方面具有较大优势。它具有以下优点：
(1)增粘及抗温、抗盐能力强；
(2)抗剪切能力强；
但是现阶段的疏水缔合聚合物具有以下几个方面的缺点：
(1)溶解性受缔合基长度和种类影响，疏水基越长，溶解度越低，疏水基疏水效果越强，溶解度越低。
(2)抗压性低，压力增大，聚合物变得不稳定
(3)稳定性受浓度影响，浓度越大，稳定性越弱。
发明内容
本发明方法针对上述不足之处，采用反相乳液聚合法合成一种新式的疏水缔合共聚物，它相比于现在的疏水共聚物，稳定性受浓度影响弱，承受压力区间更大，溶解性更高。
为了解决上述问题，本发明所采用的技术方案是：
步骤1：反应釜中加入摩尔比为1.5:1的丙酮和十六烷基二甲基叔氨，搅拌升温到40度，继续搅拌，并采用喷滴的方式加入1份氯丙烯，加料完毕后升温到60度，搅拌恒温反应6小时；
步骤2：反应完毕后，反应液抽滤，滤渣干燥，干燥温度<40摄氏度，干燥后得到白色固体粉末，粉末碳十六--疏水阳离子单体；
步骤3：反应釜中，取AMPS(有机强酸)与去离子水摩尔比为1:10溶解， 用0.5摩尔每升的氢氧化钾(KOH)溶液调节pH至7_8，加入步骤2中的碳十六--疏水阳离子单体，溶解至饱和状态；
步骤4：在反应釜中加入石蜡油和Span-80乳化剂，快速搅拌，然后通入氮气(N2)除去反应釜中的氧气，反应釜中升温度到50摄氏度；
步骤5：温度到达50度时，在加入0.01％的偶氮二异丁腈作为引发剂，开始聚合反应，并控制反应温度在40-60摄氏度之间，反应4小时；
步骤6：反应完毕后，得到白色乳状液，对乳液浓缩抽滤，将滤渣干燥后再用无水乙醇处理，无水乙醇能溶解未反应的单体，和去除溶于乙醇的低聚物，处理后得到白色固体(P-ADA)，对产物P-ADA干燥，粉碎得到白色固体粉末。
Claims (1)
1.一种疏水缔合聚合物表面活性剂的合成方法，该方法涉及污水处理、药物缓释、印染、油气开采领域，其特征在于：其实施步骤如下：
步骤1：反应釜中加入摩尔比为1.5:1的丙酮和十六烷基二甲基叔氨，搅拌升温到40度，继续搅拌，并采用喷滴的方式加入1份氯丙烯，加料完毕后升温到60度，搅拌恒温反应6小时；
步骤2：反应完毕后，反应液抽滤，滤渣干燥，干燥温度<40摄氏度，干燥后得到白色固体粉末，粉末碳十六--疏水阳离子单体；
步骤3：反应釜中，取AMPS（有机强酸）与去离子水摩尔比为1:10溶解，用0.5摩尔每升的氢氧化钾（KOH）溶液调节pH至7_8，加入步骤2中的碳十六--疏水阳离子单体，溶解至饱和状态；
步骤4：在反应釜中加入石蜡油和Span-80乳化剂，快速搅拌，然后通入氮气（N2）除去反应釜中的氧气，反应釜中升温度到50摄氏度；
步骤5：温度到达50度时，在加入0.01%的偶氮二异丁腈作为引发剂，开始聚合反应，并控制反应温度在40-60摄氏度之间，反应4小时；
步骤6：反应完毕后，得到白色乳状液，对乳液浓缩抽滤，将滤渣干燥后再用无水乙醇处理，无水乙醇能溶解未反应的单体，和去除溶于乙醇的低聚物，处理后得到白色固体（P-ADA），对产物P-ADA干燥，粉碎得到白色固体粉末。
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1407994A (zh) * | 1999-12-06 | 2003-04-02 | 赫尔克里士公司 | 疏水缔合聚合物的制备方法、使用方法和组合物 |
| CN101148582A (zh) * | 2007-09-07 | 2008-03-26 | 成都理工大学 | 疏水缔合微交联聚合物驱油剂及其制备方法 |
| CN104938485A (zh) * | 2015-07-10 | 2015-09-30 | 广州大学 | 一种反应型抗菌阳离子单体及其制备方法 |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1407994A (zh) * | 1999-12-06 | 2003-04-02 | 赫尔克里士公司 | 疏水缔合聚合物的制备方法、使用方法和组合物 |
| CN101148582A (zh) * | 2007-09-07 | 2008-03-26 | 成都理工大学 | 疏水缔合微交联聚合物驱油剂及其制备方法 |
| CN104938485A (zh) * | 2015-07-10 | 2015-09-30 | 广州大学 | 一种反应型抗菌阳离子单体及其制备方法 |
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