CN106582353B - 挤压设备的蒸汽/水静态混合器喷嘴 - Google Patents

挤压设备的蒸汽/水静态混合器喷嘴 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106582353B
CN106582353B CN201611221575.1A CN201611221575A CN106582353B CN 106582353 B CN106582353 B CN 106582353B CN 201611221575 A CN201611221575 A CN 201611221575A CN 106582353 B CN106582353 B CN 106582353B
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Prior art keywords
fluid
cylinder
outlet
shell
steam
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CN201611221575.1A
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CN106582353A (zh
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达尔森姆 S·E·范
B·D·斯特雷特
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Winsgill Manufacturing Co ltd
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Wenger Manufacturing LLC
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    • B01F27/232—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders characterised by the orientation or disposition of the rotor axis with two or more rotation axes
    • B01F27/2322—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders characterised by the orientation or disposition of the rotor axis with two or more rotation axes with parallel axes
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    • A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
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    • A23L5/13—General methods of cooking foods, e.g. by roasting or frying using water or steam
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    • A23N17/00—Apparatus specially adapted for preparing animal feeding-stuffs
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Abstract

将流体喷入诸如预调节器(24)或挤压机(100)的挤压系统部件的装置(20)较佳地设置为包括流体喷射阀(52)和互连的静态混合段(54)的组合式组件。或者，可单独使用流体喷射阀(52)或静态混合段(54)。本发明大大简化了用于挤压系统中的流体喷射装置，同时给出热能的更有效吸收与环境污染的最小化，以及将多股流喷入挤压系统的能力。

Description

挤压设备的蒸汽/水静态混合器喷嘴
本发明专利申请是国际申请号为PCT/US2014/043662，国际申请日为2014年6月23日，进入中国国家阶段的申请号为201480002272.3，名称为“挤压设备的蒸汽/水静态混合器喷嘴”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及多元流体喷入诸如预调节器和挤压机的挤压系统加工部件的改进装置。更具体地说，本发明涉及单独或与挤压系统加工部件结合的这种装置，该装置包括喷射阀，较佳地具有互连的静态混合段，以使用大大简化的设备有效地喷射蒸汽/水混合物(以及其它可选流体，如果需要)。
背景技术
挤压蒸煮系统长期用于诸如人类食品或动物饲料的各种食品的加工。这种系统具有多种不同部件，但主要加工部件是连接到下游挤压机的上游产品预调节器。在预调节器中，最初，干原料通常与水和/或蒸汽和油混合以湿润且部分地预煮原料。预调节好的产品接着送入挤压机，在挤压机中，材料经受不断增加的温度、压力和剪切力水平并从节流孔模具机构挤出。在某些情况下，添加的蒸汽和/或水在加工过程中喷入挤压机筒作为挤压辅助并便于完成最终产品的蒸煮和形成。
传统预调节器通常包括具有在其中的一个或两个细长轴向可旋转轴的细长容器或壳体，该可旋转轴在其上具有向外延伸的搅拌元件或搅打器。随着原料向壳体的出口前进，呈蒸汽或水形式的湿气在沿壳体长度的不同位置喷射。因此，这些预调节器装有相应歧管，该歧管具有通向壳体内部的喷嘴。此外，输送软管通常固定到输送湿气的歧管。这种复杂装置可能难以维修和清洗，并需要富有经验的人工操作员控制以确保在不同喷射位置的恰当湿润。例如，美国专利第7,906,166说明了固定到预调节器壳体的多喷嘴湿润装置。在其它情况下，另外的这种组件用于沿几乎整个预调节器壳体的长度喷射。
这些传统预调节器在其使用过程中往往产生并排放大量蒸汽。由于这种逸出的热蒸汽可容易与食品颗粒混合、因材料覆盖挤压系统部件和邻近环境而产生污染问题的事实，因此这是加工装置的严重问题。这种污染美学上是不愉快的，并还可产生严重微生物污染问题。此外，过多蒸汽的放出是非常无效的热能浪费。
用于典型预调节器的喷嘴具有相对较小直径，通常大约1/2-5/8英寸，且可具有超过6英寸的相对较长的长度。这样，相当常见的是，喷嘴在预调节器的运行过程中变成部分地或完全地堵塞，从而需要停机和维护/清洗。
这些问题中的很多在挤压机装有传统喷嘴的情况下重现，但通常未到与预调节器相同的程度。但是，可能难以控制并持续运行面临喷射/污染问题的挤压机。
因此，有技术上对改进喷射装置的需求，该喷射装置可与预调节器和/或挤压机一起使用以更有效地喷射多元流体，同时使传统挤压系统特有的堵塞和污染问题最小化，同时优化热能的利用。
发明内容
本发明解决上述问题并提供流体喷入诸如预调节器壳体和/或挤压机筒的挤压系统加工部件的改进装置。较佳装置包括流体静态混合段，该混合段包括具有多个流体入口的细长管形壳体、在壳体内并可操作成混合多元流体的静止混合组件以及从静态混合器输送混合流体的出口。较佳装置还包括喷射阀，该喷射阀包括可操作地与静态混合器出口连接的流体入口、混合流体出口、可切换控制阀结构和可操作地与用于其选择性切换的阀结构连接的执行器。整体装置具有允许阀流体出口连接到选自包括预调节器壳体和挤压机筒的组合的挤压系统部件的结构。
组合式静态混合器/喷射阀装置可与预调节器和或挤压机一起用于流体喷射。在预调节器的情况下，通常仅需要单个组合式装置，而在挤压机的情况下，多元装置可邻近挤压机筒的入口端使用。
虽然组合式装置是较佳的，但本发明不这样限制。即，预调节器可设置成包括由只允许流体选择性喷入预调节器壳体的喷射阀组成的流体喷射装置；喷射阀包括流体入口、流体出口和用于从阀入口到阀出口的选择性流体流动控制的可切换阀结构。
为了使流体喷射装置的堵塞最小化或消除，阀出口和预调节器壳体的内表面之间的轴向距离应小于大约3英寸，有利地小于大约1英寸且最佳地小于大约1/2英寸。类似地，喷射装置的流体输送结构的直径应相对较大，较佳地至少大约1英寸。大直径流体输送结构与短阀门喷射距离结合在一起，确保预调节器的基本无堵塞运行。
这些相同考虑因素适用于本文中的挤压机的流体喷射装置，即流体输送部件和喷射路径长度应使用在预调节器的情况下的上述相同直径/长度参数设计。
虽然组合式流体喷射阀/静态混合段喷射装置是较佳的，但改进可单独使用这些部件实现，即预调节器或挤压机可仅装有本发明的喷射阀，或反之，可使用静态混合段而不需要喷射阀。
本发明主要涉及蒸汽和/或水喷入挤压部件。然而，诸如肥肉、着色剂、乳化剂等等的其它原料或添加剂可单独或与湿气一起添加。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明装有包括流体喷射阀和静态混合段的改进流体喷射组件的预调节器的立体图；
图2是图1所示预调节器的局部俯视图；
图3是沿图2的线3-3截取的垂向剖视图；
图4是包括流体喷射组件的喷射阀的安装支架的图1所示的预调节器的检修门的立体图；
图4A是示出安装在图4所示的门支架上的流体喷射阀组件的放大局部视图；
图5是包括直立静态混合段但没有使用流体喷射阀的流体喷射组件的侧视图；
图6是形成静态混合段的一部分的内混合元件的侧正视图；
图7是具有四个安装在挤压机筒上的流体喷射组件的双螺杆挤压机的立体图，具有包括流体喷射阀的组件而没有使用静态混合段；
图8是双螺杆挤压机的筒段的剖视图，并示出了安装在挤压机的筒段上的本发明的喷射阀中的四个；
图9是图8所示的喷射阀中的一个的放大局部剖视图，并示出了喷射阀的更多细节；以及
图10是类似于图7的喷射阀的视图，但示出了包括不仅流体喷射阀而且静态混合段的流体喷射组件。
具体实施方式
现转到图1-4，示出了预调节器20，该预调节器装有安装在其上用于输送诸如蒸汽和水的混合流体到预调节器内部的组合式流体喷嘴组件22。预调节器属于以参见的方式完全并全部地纳入本文的美国专利第7,906,166号所述的类型。
总体上，预调节器20包括细长搅拌壳体24，该壳体24具有在其内并沿其长度延伸的一对平行的、细长的、轴向延伸的可旋转搅拌轴26和28。轴26、28可操作地与各自数控变速/变向驱动装置(未示出)连接。预调节器20适于与诸如挤压机或制片机的下游加工装置一起使用并用于湿润和部分地蒸煮诸如人类食品或动物饲料的食品材料。
更详细地，壳体24具有细长横向弓形侧壁30，该侧壁30存在一对细长并排互通腔室32和34，以及材料入口36、下材料出口(未示出)和蒸汽排放口38。腔室34具有比相邻腔室32大的横截面积，如从图3的讨论中会显而易见。侧壁30具有四个铰接安装的检修门40，且组件22固定到与腔室34连通的最后面检修门40。这个检修门40装有安装板42，该安装板42具有延伸穿过门并具有最里面喷射口43a(图4A)的喷射孔43。当然，安装板42或其它类似金属制品可由设计者决定贴附到侧壁30的其它部分。壳体24的相反两端装有端板44和46，如所示。
轴26、28中的每个具有在其上的多个向外延伸的搅拌元件48和50，该搅拌元件48和50设计成搅拌和混合送到预调节器的材料并将材料从入口36朝向下出口输送且穿过下出口。元件48相对于元件50轴向偏置，且元件48、50交错(intercalated)(即，元件50延伸进入由轴26和元件48形成的圆柱形运行包络，反之亦然)。虽然元件48、50示出为基本上垂直于轴26、28，但本发明不这样限制；此外，元件48、50的长度和间距可由使用者决定如何调节。将会看到，轴26基本上沿腔室32的中心线定位，而轴28同样基本上沿腔室34的中心线定位。
该实施例的组合式流体喷射组件22总体上包括流体喷射阀组件52和静态混合段54，并设计成将诸如蒸汽/水或蒸汽/水/添加剂的多种混合流体喷入预调节器20。如以下更详细解释，与传统流体喷射设备相比，组件22简化了流体喷射所需的设备、更卫生、提高了预调节器的能效并导致了预调节好的产品中更高水平的湿气和/或蒸煮。
喷射阀组件52(图4A)包括具有内机械驱动(未示出)的选择性可致动阀体56，该内机械驱动具有向外延伸的轴向可旋转杆58。杆58连接到具有中心通道62的球形阀球60。球60位于管形段64内，该管形段64接纳在外阀套66内。阀套66的内侧端通过螺纹紧固件固定到安装板42。将会发现，中心通道62和段64的孔具有相同直径，且段64的相反内侧表面68和外侧表面69分别限定阀组件52的流体出口70和流体入口71。在较佳实践中，阀组件52是可作为预调节器20的总体数字控制系统的一部分控制的自动阀。然而，其它类型的阀可用于本文。
静态混合段54包括具有最上面管形蒸汽入口74和较佳地装有喷雾器77的倾斜水入口76的直立管形壳体72。静态混合器78位于壳体72内并包括具有固定到轴80的多个大致螺旋形向外延伸板82的细长静止中心轴80。混合器78的功能是将蒸汽和水的输入流与输送到喷射阀组件52的任何其它所需添加剂剧烈混合。为此，三通84固定到壳体72的底端，且其横向腿通过常规管道86工作地连接到阀组件52的入口71。
三通84的下端装有管段88、减压器90和冷凝液出口管92。管92具有受电磁阀96控制的中间阀94。电阻式温度探头98与阀94下方的管92工作地连接，并用于在系统启动前测量蒸汽凝液温度和监测新蒸汽的存在；一旦温度达到100℃，阀94关闭且系统可启动。当然，探头98和电磁阀96连接到预调节器20的总体数字控制系统，用于阀94的自动控制。
本发明的重要方面是喷射阀组件52和喷射孔43的几何形状。为了基本上减小乃至消除阀组件52的堵塞可能性，喷射孔43、喷射口43a、阀球通道62、段64的孔、阀入口71和阀出口70的直径都应至少大约1英寸，且较佳地从大约1至2英寸，并有利地都是同一直径。此外，流体出口70和喷射出口开口43a之间的轴向距离应保持在最小值。这个距离应至多大约3英寸，较佳地小于大约2英寸，更佳地小于大约1英寸，且最佳地小于大约1/2英寸。
在预调节器20的正常运行过程中，干原料在轴26、28的旋转过程中送到入口36。同时，适量蒸汽和/或水通过入口74、76引进并在通过静态混合段54的过程中完全混合。该混合好的混合物通过三通84和管道86进入喷射阀组件52，由此喷入壳体24内部，用于与干原料混合。在这个序列过程中，阀94关闭。当温度探头98探测到冷凝液集结在阀94上方时，阀94打开以允许收集到的冷凝液通过管92从系统中排出。
虽然已结合预调节器说明和描述了组合式流体喷射组件22，但该组件22还可用于单或双螺杆挤压机的情境中。此外，当使用组件22的个别部件时可获得改进的流体喷射效果。因此，要么预调节器要么挤压机可装有流体喷射阀组件52或静态混合段54以获得改进的效果。然而，较佳的是，采用组合式喷射组件22。
例如，图7示出了装有固定到挤压机的入口头102的四个流体喷射阀组件52的双螺杆挤压机100。挤压机100自身属于传统设计并包括细长管形多头挤压机筒104，该筒104由入口头102、中间头106和终端头108组成。如所示，入口头102装有邻近筒104的输入端的材料入口110，而节流孔模具组件112设置在筒的出口端。在内部，挤压机100具有一对细长的、轴向可旋转的、多段式挤压机螺杆，每个螺杆具有中心轴，该中心轴具有在其上的向外延伸的螺旋螺纹(参见图9)。输送到入口110的材料在通过挤压机的过程中经受不断增加的温度、压力和剪切力水平，且该材料最终通过组件112挤出。
在很多类型的食品材料的挤压期间，重要的是，具有或没有另外原料的蒸汽和/或水喷入筒，在挤压蒸煮过程期间，它在筒中与事先预调节好的原料完全混合。在图7的实施例中，喷射阀组件52中的四个固定到在各自位置的入口头102，在该位置，喷射孔114形成穿过头部102的侧壁，终止于开口114a中。水和/或蒸汽管道116代替管道86固定到每个阀组件52的输入端。图10示出了挤压机100，但在这种情况下，该挤压机装有安装在头部102上的上述完整流体喷射组件22。图9进一步示出了双螺杆挤压机100的内部构件，该内部构件包括位于挤压机筒内标记为120、122的上述成对挤压机螺杆组件。另一选项将会是仅使得单个静态混合段54竖立，来结合图10所示的四个喷射阀52。
在上述挤压机实施例中，流体喷射组件各自包括流体喷射阀组件52。在这些实施例中，相同几何形状的考虑因素像在预调节器实施例的情况下一样适用。具体地说，为了避免堵塞，通道62和孔117的直径都应至少大约1/2英寸，且更佳地从大约1至2英寸，且较佳地具有相同直径。流体出口70和开口114a之间的轴向距离应至多大约3英寸，较佳地小于大约2英寸，更佳地小于大约1英寸，且最佳地小于大约1/2英寸。
在其它情况下，可使用没有喷射阀的喷射组件。如图5所示，流体喷射组件可包括具有三通84和相关管道的上述静态混合段54，该管道根据情况直接固定到预调节器和/或挤压机筒。
组合式流体喷射组件22与预调节器20的一起使用导致了无法通过通常使用多个喷嘴和关联岐管、管道和软管的现有流体喷射装置获得的多个重要优点。例如，较佳的组合式流体喷射装置至少给出了下列改进：
·静态混合器-搅动/混合蒸汽和水(和可选的添加原料)、输送过热水到调节筒。
·无机械搅拌
·无文丘里搅拌
·静态混合器的水喷嘴-使水雾化以提供更大的表面面积来使静态混合器中的蒸汽凝结。
·自动控制阀-紧紧地安装到调节筒的本体的自动开/关阀允许蒸汽/水有效输送到加工过程，并以使阀和筒体之间的距离最小的方式安装以减小喷嘴堵塞的可能性。
·冷凝液电阻式温度探测器-确定冷凝液的集结。
·冷凝液电磁阀-当探测到冷凝液时，电磁阀打开以排出冷凝液。
·系统控制-控制结合到用于阀和冷凝液温度探测器的自动控制的诸如WengerAPM System的总体挤压系统控制软件。
流体喷射组件的主要优点包括：
·将蒸汽和水的喷射口数量从通常5-6个的蒸汽和水喷嘴(总共10-12个)减到1个。
·简化了操作员的系统控制和故障维修。
·减小了操作员对系统的影响，允许更好的自动控制。
·提高了操作和产品质量的一致性。
·消除了对多个蒸汽和水岐管的需求。
·通过减少清洗周围的障碍物数量改进了调节筒的卫生设计。
·减少了必须维修和更换的阀、软管和喷嘴的数量。
·流体喷射阀定位在预调节器壳体或挤压机筒上大大降低了喷嘴堵塞的可能性：
·增加了设备正常运行时间。
·改善了过程控制。
·提高了产品一致性和质量。
·从系统排放的废水蒸汽的显著减少。
·增加了每单位基数的蒸汽和水的耗用量。
·降低了由进入大气并可能污染设备和环境的水蒸气及关联的细食品颗粒物质引起的食品安全和卫生风险。
·利用静态混合器来使处理蒸汽和水结合：
·提高了水的温度以允许更好吸收到产品。
·减少了可吹过产品且不被吸收的水蒸汽。
·来自预调节器的较高产品温度
·蒸汽和水输入的提高吸收导致了更高的产品温度。
·实现在较低蒸汽和水输入的控制点温度。
·较高的淀粉糊化(煮熟)值
·更高的煮熟值在预调节过程中提供有利条件给来自挤压机的更高的成品煮熟值。
如所示，流体喷射装置的使用对食品或饲料材料在其挤出之前的预调节来说特别重要。为了验证本发明与传统流体喷射装置相对的优越性，使用装有本发明的组合式组件22的本发明的改进的预调节器与具有沿预调节器壳体长度的多个蒸汽/水喷嘴的另外相同预调节器分别进行一系列测试运行。在所有情况下，各个比较测试包括具有相同热能输入、停留时间等待的相同饲料配方(宠物或水产饲料)。
测试结果证实，本发明的较佳装置在各种预调节器的搅拌强度和进料速度下始终获得较高的煮熟值(如通过淀粉糊化的程度测量)。这些改进加上从本发明的装置排出的水蒸汽的降低以及随之而来的更好的能量利用是本发明的显著特征。

Claims (26)

1.一种加工包括干原料的食品材料的挤压机，包括：
具有食品材料入口和食品材料节流孔模具出口的细长管形筒，所述筒具有从中穿过的至少一个流体通道，所述流体通道存在与所述筒的内部连通的最里面喷射口；
至少一个细长轴向可旋转的螺旋螺纹螺杆，所述螺杆在所述筒内并可操作成将在所述筒内的食品材料从所述入口向所述节流孔模具出口移动并穿过所述节流孔模具出口，由此所述食品材料经受不断增加的温度、压力和剪切力水平，所述挤压机可操作，以生成人类的食物或动物饲料；以及
将包括水和/或蒸汽的流体喷入所述筒的装置，所述装置包括可操作地与所述流体通道连接以允许在其中的食品材料的加工过程中流体选择性地喷入壳体的喷射阀，所述喷射阀包括阀流体入口、阀流体出口和阀结构，所述阀结构允许选择性控制流体从所述阀流体入口流到并穿过所述阀流体出口的流动，用于喷入流体的所述装置还包括具有静态混合器流体出口的细长静态混合器，所述流体出口可操作地与所述喷射阀连接以将混合流体输送到所述喷射阀入口，所述静态混合器包括细长壳体以及静止混合组件，所述细长壳体具有多个流体入口和所述混合器流体出口，所述静止混合组件在所述壳体内，所述细长壳体位于所述管形筒之外。
2.如权利要求1所述的挤压机，其特征在于，所述混合器流体出口具有第一直径，所述筒具有喷射孔，所述喷射孔具有第二直径，所述流体通过所述流体出口和所述喷射孔，所述第一直径和所述第二直径各自为至少1英寸。
3.如权利要求2所述的挤压机，其特征在于，所述静止混合组件包括细长中心轴，所述细长中心轴具有固定到所述轴的多个大致螺旋形向外延伸板。
4.如权利要求1所述的挤压机，其特征在于，所述静态混合器壳体从所述喷射阀向上延伸。
5.如权利要求1所述的挤压机，其特征在于，所述阀流体出口和所述最里面喷射口之间的轴向距离小于大约3英寸。
6.一种挤压包括干原料的食品材料的方法，包括步骤：
使所述食品材料进入并通过细长挤压机壳体，所述挤压机壳体存在材料入口、间隔的材料出口和至少一个轴向可旋转螺旋螺纹螺杆，所述螺旋螺纹螺杆在所述筒内并可操作以使所述筒内的食品材料从所述筒入口向所述节流孔模具出口移动并穿过所述节流孔模具出口；
在所述材料通过所述挤压机壳体，将包括蒸汽和水的混合流体输送进入所述挤压机壳体用于混合所述材料的同时，所述流体输送的步骤包括如下步骤：分别地将相应量的蒸汽和水引导到静态混合器中、在所述静态混合器中调和蒸汽和水以生成调好的混合物、将所述调好的混合物输送到可切换的阀结构的入口、以及将所述调好的混合物通过所述可切换的阀结构注入所述壳体中，所述静态混合器包括细长壳体以及静止混合组件，所述细长壳体具有多个流体入口和所述混合器流体出口，所述静止混合组件在所述壳体内，所述细长壳体位于所述管形筒之外。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述流体主要由所述蒸汽和所述水组成。
8.如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述可切换的阀结构为可旋转球阀。
9.如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：将所述相应量的蒸汽和水引导到管状外壳中，所述管状外壳具有分开的蒸汽入口和水入口以及调好的混合物出口。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，包括使所述水雾化的步骤。
11.如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：测量从所述静态混合器冷凝下来的水的温度；以及允许仅在所测量的温度达到100℃之后再输送所述调好的混合物。
12.如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：以与所述蒸汽进入所述静态混合器的行进路径呈倾斜角度地将所述量的水引导到所述静态混合器中的所述量的蒸汽中。
13.如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述混合器流体出口具有第一直径，所述筒具有喷射孔，所述喷射孔具有第二直径，所述流体通过所述流体出口和所述喷射孔，所述第一直径和所述第二直径各自为至少1英寸。
14.一种加工包括干原料的食品材料的挤压机，包括：
具有食品材料入口和食品材料节流孔模具出口的细长管形筒，所述筒具有从中穿过的开口，所述开口与所述筒的内部连通；
至少一个细长轴向可旋转的螺旋螺纹螺杆，所述螺杆在所述筒内并可操作成将在所述筒内的食品材料从所述入口向所述节流孔模具出口移动并穿过所述节流孔模具出口，由此所述食品材料经受不断增加的温度、压力和剪切力水平；以及
用于流体输送到所述筒的装置，所述装置包括：
静态混合器，所述静态混合器包括具有分开的蒸汽入口和水入口的外壳，用于分别接纳相应量的蒸汽和水，所述外壳具有最大内直径，在所述外壳内存在有混合组件和混合好的混合物出口，所述混合组件可操作成将来自所述蒸汽入口和所述水入口的分开的量的蒸汽和水混合并产生混合好的混合物；以及
输送组件，所述输送组件包括管组件，所述管组件可操作地联接于所述混合好的混合物出口，并具有与所述筒开口相邻并连通的管组件出口，所述管组件出口和所述筒开口所具有的直径小于所述静态混合器外壳的最大内直径，所述静态混合器包括细长壳体以及静止混合组件，所述细长壳体具有多个流体入口和所述混合器流体出口，所述静止混合组件在所述壳体内，所述细长壳体位于所述管形筒之外。
15.如权利要求14所述的挤压机，其特征在于，所述输送组件包括阀结构，所述阀结构包括可切换的阀件。
16.如权利要求15所述的挤压机，其特征在于，所述阀件为可旋转球阀。
17.如权利要求14所述的挤压机，其特征在于，所述水入口包括喷雾器。
18.一种挤压包括干原料的食品材料的方法，包括步骤：
使所述食品材料进入挤压机，所述挤压机具有具有：管形筒，所述管形筒具有食品材料入口、食品材料节流孔模具出口；所述筒内的开口，所述开口于所述筒的内部连通；以及在所述筒内的至少一个细长轴向可旋转的螺旋螺纹螺杆；
在所述筒内旋转所述至少一个螺杆，以使所述食品材料从所述入口向所述节流孔模具出口移动并穿过所述节流孔模具出口，并使所述食品材料经受不断增加的温度、压力和剪切力水平；
在所述食品材料通过所述筒的同时，将包括蒸汽和水的流体输送入所述筒开口，用于与所述食品材料混合，所述流体输送步骤包括如下步骤：分别将相应量的蒸汽和水分开地引入静态混合器的外壳中，所述外壳具有分开的入口，用于被分开地引入的相应量的蒸汽和水，并具有最大内直径；在所述静态混合器外壳中混合所述蒸汽和水，以产生混合好的混合物；以及，随后将所述混合好的混合物输送入所述筒开口，所述静态混合器包括细长壳体以及静止混合组件，所述细长壳体具有多个流体入口和所述混合器流体出口，所述静止混合组件在所述壳体内，所述细长壳体位于所述管形筒之外；
所述混合-输送步骤包括如下步骤：使用输送组件将所述混合好的混合物从所述静态混合器输送到所述筒开口，所述输送组件包括管组件，所述管组件具有与所述筒开口相邻并连通的管组件出口，所述管组件出口和所述筒开口所具有的内直径小于所述静态混合器外壳的最大内直径。
19.如权利要求18所述的方法，其特征在于，所述流体实质上包括所述蒸汽和水。
20.如权利要求18所述的方法，其特征在于，所述混合-输送步骤包括如下步骤：将所述混合好的混合物引导通过阀结构，所述阀结构形成所述输送组件的一部分，并包括可切换的阀件。
21.如权利要求20所述的方法，其特征在于，所述阀件为可旋转球阀。
22.如权利要求18所述的方法，其特征在于，水的所述入口具有喷雾器。
23.如权利要求18所述的方法，其特征在于，包括在所述混合-输送步骤的过程中防止所述混合好的混合物与大气环境接触的步骤。
24.如权利要求18所述的方法，其特征在于，所述管组件包括细长的输送管，所述细长的输送管具有管纵向轴线，所述管纵向轴线横向于所述外壳的纵向轴线。
25.如权利要求24所述的方法，其特征在于，所述外壳的纵向轴线为竖直的，而所述管纵向轴线为水平的。
26.如权利要求18所述的方法，其特征在于，所述混合器流体出口具有第一直径，所述筒具有喷射孔，所述喷射孔具有第二直径，所述流体通过所述流体出口和所述喷射孔，所述第一直径和所述第二直径各自为至少1英寸。
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