CN106579012A - 金丝枣火腿 - Google Patents
金丝枣火腿 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了金丝枣火腿,由以下重量份的原料制成:鸡肉4‑64份、猪肉5‑80份、海澡胶4‑62份、肉桂3‑48份、红枣4‑64份、酵母菌2‑32份、山药3‑48份、砂糖4‑64份、柠檬汁5‑80份、食盐2‑32份、味精1‑16份、五香粉2‑32份、姜葱粉0.5‑8份、花椒粉0.7‑9.6份。外表有光泽,呈金黄色,有淡淡的烟熏味,外形饱满,口感香嫩,切面紧密,肥瘦相间,而且有利于健康。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品领域,特别涉及一种金丝枣火腿。
背景技术
随着人们生活水平的提高,消费理念的日趋成熟,人们对天然健康型保健食品的需求越来越大,要求也越来越高。而现有的市售双汇、金锣等品牌猪肉火腿肠、鸡肉火腿肠、牛肉火腿肠、鱼肉火腿肠大都是采用蔗糖、葡萄糖作为甜味剂。蔗糖由两个分子糖结合在一起,当我们食用蔗糖时,消化系统利用酶将蔗糖分解成单糖,然后才能吸收,既不利于人体消化,又口感单一,缺乏独特风味,并且无多少保健功能。
发明内容
本发明意在提供一种利于人体消化的金丝枣火腿。
本方案中的金丝枣火腿,由以下重量份的原料制成:鸡肉4-64份、猪肉5-80份、海澡胶4-62份、肉桂3-48份、红枣4-64份、酵母菌2-32份、山药3-48份、砂糖4-64份、柠檬汁5-80份、食盐2-32份、味精1-16份、五香粉2-32份、姜葱粉0.5-8份、花椒粉0.7-9.6份。
本方案的有益效果在于:本发明中海藻胶与酵母菌相融合的物质的吸水比例可达数十倍,其原因在于,该物质的分子结构与食盐胶很相似,并且该物质中含有强离子基团,可与自由水形成氢键,以及该物质形成三维空间结构(凝胶),因此,该物质能把自由水牢牢的"锁住",在加热、杀菌等加工过程中,水分也不会大量流失,可有效改善食品生产或贮存中的脱水收缩问题,也可改良结构及咀嚼口感,并且容易被人体吸收。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
金丝枣火腿的原料:
金丝枣火腿的制作工艺:
原料出库→解冻→选料修割→配料注射→滚揉→灌装→热加工→冷却包装→二次杀菌→冷却→贴标入库
1)、按产品要求选择原料品种,原料为猪肉和鸡肉。
2)、采用自然解冻法,解冻间温度控制在15-20℃,湿度70%-80%,解冻后表层的肉温要求小于10℃,中心温度-2-2℃,应防止解冻过度或不足。
4)、首先将食盐溶解于预设的适量冰水中,迅速搅拌,使其充分溶解,再加入味精、五香粉、姜葱粉、花椒粉、砂糖和柠檬汁,使其充分溶解,最后加入酵母菌和剩余冰水,迅速搅拌,使其完全溶解。注射液温度应控制在6℃以下。
5)、注射:注射前,先调整好注射压力和速度,一般将注射压力调整到2.5~4.5bar,注射前肉温应小于8℃;
若注射一遍不能达到要求的注射率,可以注射两遍,在一个循环内不得改变压力和速度等参数;
金丝枣火腿产品的注射率均为30%。注射前后,其注射误差不得超过±5%,不足部分应补足料水,注后肉温小于8℃。
6)、滚揉:所装料重为滚揉机总容量的1/3~2/3之间,滚揉前料温应控制在小于8℃。
将海澡胶、肉桂、红枣、山药先后装进滚揉机,滚揉过程中每隔2~3小时检查一次真空度,真空度不足时及时抽真空。滚揉间温度应控制在0~4℃。
滚揉方式:采用低速间歇式滚揉,一般工作20~40min,休息5~10min,总滚揉16~20h。
7)、灌装:选用130#纤维肠衣灌装,用前先用清水浸泡清洗。10斤意大利灌装重量为5680g-5720g;3斤意大利灌装定量为1700g-1740g。灌装过程中如发现肠体有气泡,用针扎孔使其排出。
8)、热加工:将灌装好的火腿首先升温至温度64~66℃,时间8~12min;然后干燥,干燥温度为68~72℃,时间85~95min;然后烟熏,烟熏温度68~72℃,时间25~35min;然后蒸煮,蒸煮温度68~72℃,时间110~130min;最后再烟熏约10min,使最终产品颜色呈烟熏色,外形饱满,有光泽。
9)、冷却包装:将成品推入强冷炉,冷却至中心温度20℃以下,方可下架。下架后将产品进行切割,要求定量在325g-330g之间,每个产品不能多于2块,外观规整。如不能马上包装应推入预冷间待用。包装后要求真空良好,热封良好无气泡,裁边整齐,并剔除次品及有异物产品。
10)、二次杀菌和冷却:11月-5月期间,将包装后的产品放入83~87℃的水中,杀菌12~18min;6月~10月期间,将包装后的产品放入93~97℃的水中,杀菌12~18min;然后用冷水冷却至中心温度20℃以下。
11)、将杀完菌的产品过金属探测仪,将通过金属探测仪的产品按标准装筐并挂上标识单,入成品库冷藏保存。
金丝枣火腿:注射机带有嫩化设施,在原料肉注射过程中有嫩化的作用,但不会破坏原料肉的外观形状。滚揉机内部结构、转速适合大块肉滚揉,按摸,在原料肉充分腌制、提取的过程中,保持肉块的完整。灌装采用Handmman真空灌注机,肠衣采用进口纤维肠衣。蒸煮采用低温蒸煮加工工艺,蒸煮设备是进口全自动烟熏炉。产品特点是:外表有光泽,呈金黄色,有淡淡的烟熏味,外形饱满,口感香嫩,切面紧密,肥瘦相间,而且产品有利于健康。
风味独特的金丝枣火腿的检测实验:采用电子舌辨识金丝枣火腿的滋味
1、样品预处理称取
取用实施例1制作的金丝枣火腿5g,将金丝枣火腿放入锥形瓶中,再继续加入150mL沸腾的超纯水,5min后过滤纸。滤液温度降至25℃,吸取100mL用于电子舌分析。
2、电子舌数据采集
本试验采用的是法国Alpha MOS公司研发的Astree型电子舌,配有5#传感器(SRS、STS、SWS、UMS、BRS、SPS、GPS)和1个Ag/AgCl参比电极。传感器对5个基本味有特异性响应:酸味(SRS,sourness),甜味(SWS,sweetness),苦味(BRS,bitterness),咸味(STS,saltiness),鲜味(UMS,umami)。数据采集前,系统需要经过初始化、校准、诊断等程序,以确保传感器响应信号的可靠性和稳定性。设置数据采集时间为120s,搅拌速率为1次/s,取最后20s测量值的平均值作为该传感器的响应值。每采样1次,传感器进入清洗溶液清洗1次,避免对下一个样品响应信号产生影响。每个样品重复10次。
3、HPLC检测金丝枣火腿样品中的游离氨基酸
(1)样品前处理
称取2g金丝枣火腿,作为样品1,称取4g猪肉火腿肠,分成2g的猪肉火腿肠分别作为样品2和样品3,称取4g鸡肉火腿肠,分成2g的鸡肉火腿肠分别作为样品4和样品5,称取4g牛肉火腿肠,分成2g的牛肉火腿肠分别作为样品6和样品7,称取4g鱼肉火腿肠,分成2g的鱼肉火腿肠分别作为样品8和样品9,分别将样品1、样品2、样品3、样品4、样品5、样品6、样品7、样品8和样品9进行对比,并将这9种样品置入带磨口盖的锥形瓶中,再加入75mL去离子水,沸水浴1h。吸取6mL提取液,在2000r/min下离心5min。吸2mL上清液用0.45μm滤膜过滤。在1.5mL离心管中,加入60μL滤液、0.2mol/L异硫氰酸苯酯(phenyl isothiocyanate,PITC)-乙腈溶液、以及1mol/L三乙胺-乙腈溶液各200μL,涡旋混匀1min。室温25℃静置lh后加入400μL正己烷,涡旋震荡1min后静置30min,吸取下层溶液用于液相色谱测定氨基酸含量。重复3次。
(2)游离氨基酸含量测定
1)氨基酸标准品的制作
在1.5mL离心管中加入17种氨基酸混合标准品400μL(批号5061-3330,AgilentTechnologies,包括天冬氨酸Asp、谷氨酸Glu、丝氨酸Ser、甘氨酸Gly、组氨酸His、精氨酸Arg、苏氨酸Thr、丙氨酸Ala、脯氨酸Pro、半胱氨酸Cys、酪氨酸Tyr、缬氨酸Val、蛋氨酸Met、异亮氨酸Ile、亮氨酸Leu、苯丙氨酸Phe和赖氨酸Lys)、0.2mol/L PITC-乙腈溶液和1mol/L三乙胺-乙腈溶液各200μL,涡旋混匀1min。室温放置lh后加入400μL正己烷,涡旋振荡1min后静置30min,吸取下层溶液用于液相色谱分析。
2)游离氨基酸
HPLC检测条件
本试验所用的是美国Agilent 1260高效液相色谱仪,色谱柱为Phenomenex/LunaC18色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),检测波长254nm,柱箱温度43℃,进样体积10μL。流动相A:0.l mol/L醋酸钠缓冲液(以醋酸调pH值为6.5)∶乙腈=93∶7(v/v);流动相B:乙腈∶水=4∶1(体积比,v/v)。流动相经0.45μm滤膜过滤。梯度洗脱方法:0~20min,0~4%B;20~21min,4%~20%B;21~40min,20%~22%B;40~41min,22%~30%B;41~46min,30%~100%B;46~48min,100%B;48~53min,100%~0B;53~60min,0B。流速均为1.0m L/min。
4、数据分析
用SPSS19.0统计软件、DPS软件以及电子舌配套数据分析软件进行方差分析、Duncan多重比较分析、主成分分析、软独立建模分类分析和聚类分析。
5、结果与分析
试验选择法国Alpha MOS公司研发的5#传感器,该套传感器较1#传感器(ZZ、BA、BB、CA、GA、HA和JB)具有更好的选择性,可以给出样品间酸、甜、苦、咸、鲜的相对强度值。电子舌7个传感器对各样品滋味的响应强度见表1,可以看出每个传感器响应值的标准偏差均低于10%,均有良好的检测重复性,显示金丝枣火腿制备过程中的相对一致性。各传感器对同一样品的响应值不同,GPS响应强度最大,STS响应强度最小。
表1为各种样品的检测数据
注:表中每个数值均为平均值±标准差;同一列中带有不同小写字母的数值之间差异达显著性差异(P<0.05)。
从表1中可以看出相对于GPS、SRS和ST来说,BRS、SWS、UMS和SPS传感器对样品的响应存在较大的差异,响应数值分布离散度较大,传感器SPS除样品1差异不显著(P>0.05)外,其余样品间均差异显著(P<0.05);传感器BRS除样品8、样品9差异不显著(P>0.05)外,其余样品之间均差异显著(P<0.05);传感器SWS除样品2与样品5之间、样品8与样品9之间不显著(P>0.05),其余样品间均差异显著(P<0.05)。传感器STS在样品间的差异较小。说明这4个传感器对样品1物质含量的敏感度较高,进一步的判断是样品1内的某物质促进其他物质内的洛胺酸酶、糖醇、L-氨基酸和氯化钠的提高。
以上所述的仅是本发明的实施例,方案中公知的具体结构及特性等常识在此未作过多描述。应当指出,对于本领域的技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明结构的前提下,还可以作出若干变形和改进,这些也应该视为本发明的保护范围,这些都不会影响本发明实施的效果和专利的实用性。本申请要求的保护范围应当以其权利要求的内容为准,说明书中的具体实施方式等记载可以用于解释权利要求的内容。
Claims (6)
1.金丝枣火腿,其特征在于,由以下重量份的原料制成:鸡肉4-64份、猪肉5-80份、海澡胶4-62份、肉桂3-48份、红枣4-64份、酵母菌2-32份、山药3-48份、砂糖4-64份、柠檬汁5-80份、食盐2-32份、味精1-16份、五香粉2-32份、姜葱粉0.5-8份、花椒粉0.7-9.6份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的金丝枣火腿,其特征在于:由以下重量份的原料制成:鸡肉4份、猪肉5份、海澡胶4份、肉桂3份、红枣4份、酵母菌2份、山药3份、砂糖4份、柠檬汁5份、食盐2份、味精1份、五香粉2份、姜葱粉0.5份、花椒粉0.7份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的金丝枣火腿,其特征在于:由以下重量份的原料制成:鸡肉64份、猪肉80份、海澡胶62份、肉桂48份、红枣64份、酵母菌32份、山药48份、砂糖64份、柠檬汁80份、食盐32份、味精16份、五香粉32份、姜葱粉8份、花椒粉9.6份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的金丝枣火腿,其特征在于:由以下重量份的原料制成:鸡肉8份、猪肉10份、海澡胶8份、肉桂6份、红枣8份、酵母菌4份、山药6份、砂糖8份、柠檬汁10份、食盐4份、味精2份、五香粉4份、姜葱粉1份、花椒粉1.4份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的金丝枣火腿,其特征在于:由以下重量份的原料制成:鸡肉16份、猪肉20份、海澡胶16份、肉桂12份、红枣16份、酵母菌8份、山药12份、砂糖16份、柠檬汁20份、食盐8份、味精4份、五香粉8份、姜葱粉2份、花椒粉2.4份。
6.根据权利要求1所述的金丝枣火腿,其特征在于:由以下重量份的原料制成:鸡肉32份、猪肉40份、海澡胶32份、肉桂24份、红枣32份、酵母菌16份、山药24份、砂糖32份、柠檬汁40份、食盐16份、味精8份、五香粉16份、姜葱粉4份、花椒粉4.8份。
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