CN106578959B - 一种适用于糖尿病人的食品及其生产工艺 - Google Patents
一种适用于糖尿病人的食品及其生产工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- A23L3/01—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by heating using irradiation or electric treatment using microwaves or dielectric heating
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种适用于糖尿病人的食品,其特征在于,按重量份,所述食品的组成包括:黑豆11‑19份;核桃5‑10份;茯苓7‑11份;桑葚6‑10份;枸杞6‑11份;葛根8‑11份。优选的还包括山药6‑10份;黄精7‑11份。本发明食品配方是从众多治消渴病的药食同源药材中精选,经配伍而成,为药食兼用之品,作用平和,具有调节血糖功效,特别是对糖尿病人“倦怠疲劳,部分三多一少(饮多、食多、尿多、消瘦)”的体质特征应用更佳,具有补肾调节血糖,强壮身体的作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品领域,具体地说是一种适用于糖尿病人的食品及其生产工艺。
背景技术
糖尿病是指由于胰岛素B细胞不能正常分泌胰岛素导致人体内胰岛素不足,引起人体内出现以糖代谢紊乱为主的糖、脂肪、蛋白质三大营养物质代谢紊乱而发生的一种疾病。
中医认为,糖尿病是中医的消渴病范畴,它的病因是阴虚燥热,肾水不足。嗜食肥甘则脾胃蕴热,情志失调则肝火内炽,劳伤过度则肾阴虚损。以上诸因,均可形成上灼肺津,中耗胃液,下劫肾水之变。由于肺燥,肺阴耗损,肺津不布而致口干烦渴;由于胃热,精微耗散而致消谷善饥,肌肉消瘦;由于肾阴虚,肾水枯缺,肾气不固,约束无权,水谷精微从尿而出,而致尿如脂膏或尿甜。阴虚日久必致气虚,气虚又必致血瘀。所以气阴两虚与血瘀互为因果,气阴虚而致血瘀,血瘀又反过来致气阴更虚,形成恶性循环。
糖尿病是世界性的疾病,糖尿病在全世界的发病率有逐年增高的趋势,在发达国家已被列为继心血管疾病及肿瘤之后的第三大疾病。目前糖尿病对人类健康危害最大的是在动脉硬化及微血管病变基础上产生的多种慢性并发症,如糖尿病性心脏病、糖尿病性肢端坏疽、糖尿病性脑血管病、糖尿病性肾病、糖尿病性视网膜病变及神经病变等。因糖尿病引起失明者比一般人多10~25倍;糖尿病性坏疽和截肢者比一般人多20倍;糖尿病较非糖尿病者心血管系发病率与病死率高2~3倍;糖尿病导致肾功能衰竭比肾病多17倍。总之,糖尿病及其慢性并发症对人类健康的危害是十分严重的,已引起全世界医学界的高度重视。
目前完全治愈糖尿病比较困难,它是摆在世界医学技术人员面前的一道难题。普遍认为是终身患病,对糖尿病也不能“谈糖色变”,糖尿病不可怕,怕的是它的并发症,并发症可以致残致死致贫,大大降低了人们的生活质量。
目前临床上主要用磺脲类、双胍类如二甲双胍、格列吡嗪、格列美脲、罗格列酮等或阿卡波糖及注射外源性胰岛素达到单独降糖的对症治疗,而对最关键的因糖尿病而带来的并发症却无理想药物。所以西医降糖药物治疗糖尿病虽然降糖效果肯定,但长期使用需要逐渐加量,大多数具有不良反应,且不能有效控制并发症。中医药治疗糖尿病,不良反应少,能有效防止并发症,且疗效稳定。
目前针对糖尿病人开发的药食兼用产品非常有限,如何开发一种适用于糖尿病人的既能有效辅助调节血糖,又能保证良好口感的药食兼用营养食品是目前亟需解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种适用于糖尿病人的食品及其生产工艺,该食品对改善糖尿病人群“倦怠疲劳,部分三多一少等体质特征”,具有强壮身体,特别是防控并发症起到了非常好的效果。
本发明解决技术问题采用如下技术方案:
一种适用于糖尿病人的食品,其特征在于,按重量份,所述食品的组成包括:
黑豆11-19份;
核桃5-10份;
茯苓7-11份;
桑葚6-10份;
枸杞6-11份;
葛根8-11份。
作为优选,所述食品,还包括:
山药6-10份;
黄精7-11份。
一种适用于糖尿病人的食品的生产工艺,其特点在于,包括原料组配,预处理、混合、超微粉碎、过筛、制粒、包装等步骤,所述原料组配按上述配比制成。
进一步,所述预处理包括黑豆净选、炒制以及核桃的净选、炒制步骤。
进一步,所述超微粉碎是指将混合的原料超微粉碎至100目-200目
进一步,所述预处理具体步骤包括如下:
(1)精选颗粒饱满的黑豆,清水漂洗除去杂质,然后在频率2450MHz、功率700~900W微波下处理1~3min;再于温度180℃-220℃的高温锅中炒制5-10min;保证含水量低于7%;
(2)将剥壳的核桃仁在温水中漂洗除去杂质,然后在频率2450MHz、功率550~800W微波下处理1~3min;再于温度160℃-180℃下热风炒制5-8min。
进一步,所述制粒是指将过筛后的粉末通过加入适量的湿润剂混合搅拌制成30-50颗粒。
进一步,所述桑葚选自含水率6%左右的桑葚成品或桑葚提取物。
与已有技术相比,本发明有益效果体现在:
本发明养怡糊组份是从众多药食同源药材精选而来,并经大量临床试验严格配伍而成,避免组份选择和配比不合理造成的虚不受补,该养怡糊为药食兼用之品,作用平和,口感良好,具有调节血糖功效,特别是对糖尿病人“倦怠疲劳,部分三多一少(饮多、食多、尿多、消瘦)”的体质特征应用更佳,具有补肾调节血糖,强壮身体的作用。
本发明配方中黑大豆具有补肾益阴,健脾利湿等作用,黑大豆营养丰富,蛋白质含量高,有利于长筋骨、悦颜色、乌须发、宁心延年益寿;核桃又名胡桃,有补肾温肺定喘、润肠通便、补脑、强壮身体作用;桑葚滋阴补血、生津润燥;枸杞,滋补肝肾、益精明目,本草书中对枸杞的评价较高,谓曰:“一年四季吃枸杞,可以与天地齐寿”;茯苓,利水渗湿、健脾补中、宁心安神,古代医药书中多有记载茯苓能够治疗消渴病症,是为茯苓通过利水活津使津液流动达到治疗效果的;葛根具有疏散风热、生津止渴等功效,能解阳明热邪,主治阳明经病症,而阳明胃经之热症消渴应属中焦病变,故葛根应该主治中消症,而实际上葛根本身具有生津止渴之功,加上其走上之性,故应以治疗上消为主。山药既能补肺、脾、肾之气,又能补肺、脾、肾之阴,具有补脾养胃,益肺生津、补肾涩精等功效,可用于治疗脾气虚弱、气阴两虚、肺虚咳喘等症状;黄精具有补五劳七伤、助筋骨、耐寒暑、益脾胃、润心肺等功效,对肺气阴两虚或肺肾阴虚、脾虚气阴两亏等症状有较好疗效。
本发明养怡糊在营养组份上以茯苓、黑豆为主要成分,辅以核桃、桑葚、葛根、枸杞等药效成分,既具有补肾调节血糖作用,又具有独特的营养价值和风味,能强壮身体,防控并发症,特别适合作为糖尿病患者的药食兼用之品。
本发明制备工艺中,对原料进行微波处理,能有效防止脂肪的氧化酸败和豆腥味的产生。
本发明方法制备的养怡糊通过合理的组份搭配,无不良气味,味香,口感细腻。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施例对本发明技术方案做进一步解释说明。
实施例1
一种适用于糖尿病人的养怡糊,按重量份,组成包括:
黑豆16份;
核桃9份;
茯苓10份;
桑葚6份;
枸杞7份
葛根8份。
实施例2
一种适用于糖尿病人的养怡糊,按重量份,组成包括:
黑豆11份;
核桃7份;
茯苓11份;
桑葚7份;
枸杞6份
葛根9份。
实施例3
一种适用于糖尿病人的养怡糊,按重量份,组成包括:
黑豆15份;
核桃7份;
茯苓11份;
桑葚9份;
枸杞6份
葛根10份。
实施例4
一种适用于糖尿病人的养怡糊,按重量份,组成包括:
黑豆19份;
核桃5份;
茯苓11份;
桑葚8份;
枸杞10份
葛根8份。
实施例5
一种适用于糖尿病人的养怡糊,按重量份,组成包括:
黑豆19份;
核桃5份;
茯苓11份;
桑葚8份;
枸杞10份
葛根8份。
山药6份;
黄精10份。
实施例6
一种适用于糖尿病人的养怡糊,按重量份,组成包括:
黑豆11份;
核桃6份;
茯苓10份;
桑葚8份;
枸杞6份
葛根8份。
山药10份;
黄精9份。
实施例7
实施例1-6养怡糊的制备工艺,包括原料预处理、混合、超微粉碎、过筛、制粒、包装等步骤。
其中,预处理包括黑豆净选、炒制步骤,以及核桃的净选、炒制步骤。
预处理具体步骤为:
A、精选颗粒饱满的黑豆,清水漂洗除去杂质,然后在频率2450MHz、功率700~900W微波下处理1~3min;再于温度180℃-220℃的高温锅中炒制5-10min;保证含水量低于7%;
B、将剥壳的核桃仁在温水中漂洗除去杂质,然后在频率2450MHz、功率550~800W微波下处理1~3min;再于温度160℃-180℃下热风炒制5-8min。
C、净选后的葛根经水洗后在微波下干燥处理1-3min至含水率7%以内;
D、将净选后的枸杞水洗后,于25℃下热风干燥去除表面自由水,然后冷冻干燥至含水率7%以内;
E、将茯苓浸泡,洗净,润后稍蒸,及时削去外皮,切制成块或切厚片,晒干至含水率7%以内;
将预处理后的原料按配比混合后,将混合料超微粉碎至100目-200目,然后将过筛后的粉末加入混合机中,并加入适量(0.1wt%-0.6wt%)80℃左右的纯化水制成软材,制好的软材用摇摆式颗粒机中制粒;将制好的颗粒加入热风循环烘箱中干燥,烘干温度控制在60-70℃,烘干过程中每小时翻盘一次,烘干后颗粒水分控制在7%以内,烘干后的产品经包装即得成品。
本实施例桑葚即可以是现有市售含水率6%左右的桑葚成品,也可以优选如下工艺获得的桑葚提取物:净选新鲜未变质的桑葚子,在4℃于0.5%碳酸钠水溶液浸泡0.5-1min;然后冷风干燥去除表面附着水分,破碎、过滤,除去残渣,得到桑葚汁;然后将得到的桑葚汁采用真空、连续式薄膜浓缩;浓缩到桑葚汁的固液比15%~30%为终止点;然后将浓缩后的料液采用喷雾干燥,进风口温度为120~200℃,出风口温度从40~80℃,均质压力为25~35MPa;得粉末状桑葚提取物;本发明实施例采用粉末状桑葚提取物。
养怡糊潮解试验:把恒温恒湿箱温度设置为25℃、相对湿度设置为20%,
称量25g养怡糊,置于恒温恒湿箱中,经过48h后,养怡糊平均增重率如表1所示。
表1
实施例 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 实施例5 | 实施例6 |
增重率 | 0.21% | 0.33% | 0.31% | 0.24% | 0.28% | 0.16% |
养怡糊开水冲食试验:实施例1-6养怡糊分别取15g倒入杯中,一边搅拌一边加入开水至糊状,结果如表2所示,
表2
养怡糊食用效果试验:服药期糖尿病患者一日三次,一次一袋(15g),三个月为一疗程,一年内至多食用两个疗程;试验结果如表3所示。
表3
由表3可知,糖尿病患者在遵医嘱服用或注射药物的同时,能配合食用本发明养怡糊,其整个身体状态和精神状态得到显著改善,部分伴有三多一少的患者其症状也得到明显改善,减轻了糖尿病患者的倦怠疲劳感,且对并发症的发生也做到的较为有效的防控。而以不食用养怡糊的糖尿病患者为对照例,同样以35人为例,在6个月内,糖尿病患者按医嘱用量服用糖尿病药物,6个月后,大部分患者的生理指标得到了较为有效的控制,但患者的身体状态和精神状态却没有任何改善,倦怠疲劳感强烈,部分伴有饮多、食多、尿多、消瘦的症状。其中,并发症迹象3人,分别为糖尿病肾脏病变迹象1例,糖尿病性视网膜病变迹象1人,糖尿病血管病迹象1人。
应当理解本文所述的例子和实施方式仅为了说明,本领域技术人员可根据它做出各种修改或变化,在不脱离本发明精神实质的情况下,都属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (2)
1.一种适用于糖尿病人的食品的生产工艺,其特征在于,包括原料组配,预处理、混合、超微粉碎、过筛、制粒、包装步骤,所述原料组配如下:
黑豆 11-19份;
核桃 5-10份;
茯苓 7-11份;
桑葚 6-10份;
枸杞 6-11份;
葛根 8-11份;
所述桑葚为桑葚提取物,按如下方法获得:净选新鲜未变质的桑葚子,在4℃于0.5%碳酸钠水溶液浸泡0.5-1min;然后冷风干燥去除表面附着水分,破碎、过滤,除去残渣,得到桑葚汁;然后将得到的桑葚汁采用真空、连续式薄膜浓缩;浓缩到桑葚汁的固液比15%~30%为终止点;然后将浓缩后的料液采用喷雾干燥,进风口温度为120~200℃,出风口温度从40~80℃,均质压力为25~35MPa;得粉末状桑葚提取物;
所述预处理包括黑豆净选、炒制以及核桃的净选、炒制步骤,具体步骤如下:
(1)精选颗粒饱满的黑豆,清水漂洗除去杂质,然后在频率2450MHz、功率700~900W微波下处理1~3min;再于温度180℃-220℃的高温锅中炒制5-10min,保证含水量低于7%;
(2)将剥壳的核桃仁在温水中漂洗除去杂质,然后在频率2450MHz、功率550~800W微波下处理1~3min;再于温度160℃-180℃下热风炒制5-8min;
所述超微粉碎是指将混合的原料超微粉碎至100目-200目;
所述制粒是指将过筛后的粉末通过加入适量热纯化水作为湿润剂高速搅拌制成30-50目颗粒;制粒后干燥温度为60-70℃,干燥后水分控制在7%以下。
2.一种适用于糖尿病人的食品的生产工艺,其特征在于,包括原料组配,预处理、混合、超微粉碎、过筛、制粒、包装步骤,所述原料组配如下:
黑豆 11-19份;
核桃 5-10份;
茯苓 7-11份;
桑葚 6-10份;
枸杞 6-11份;
葛根 8-11份
山药 6-10份;
黄精 7-11份;
所述桑葚为桑葚提取物,按如下方法获得:净选新鲜未变质的桑葚子,在4℃于0.5%碳酸钠水溶液浸泡0.5-1min;然后冷风干燥去除表面附着水分,破碎、过滤,除去残渣,得到桑葚汁;然后将得到的桑葚汁采用真空、连续式薄膜浓缩;浓缩到桑葚汁的固液比15%~30%为终止点;然后将浓缩后的料液采用喷雾干燥,进风口温度为120~200℃,出风口温度从40~80℃,均质压力为25~35MPa;得粉末状桑葚提取物;
所述预处理包括黑豆净选、炒制以及核桃的净选、炒制步骤,具体步骤如下:
(1)精选颗粒饱满的黑豆,清水漂洗除去杂质,然后在频率2450MHz、功率700~900W微波下处理1~3min;再于温度180℃-220℃的高温锅中炒制5-10min,保证含水量低于7%;
(2)将剥壳的核桃仁在温水中漂洗除去杂质,然后在频率2450MHz、功率550~800W微波下处理1~3min;再于温度160℃-180℃下热风炒制5-8min;
所述超微粉碎是指将混合的原料超微粉碎至100目-200目;
所述制粒是指将过筛后的粉末通过加入适量热纯化水作为湿润剂高速搅拌制成30-50目颗粒;制粒后干燥温度为60-70℃,干燥后水分控制在7%以下。
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