CN106572957A - 用于改善肤色的肤色改善剂和组合物 - Google Patents
用于改善肤色的肤色改善剂和组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106572957A CN106572957A CN201580039704.2A CN201580039704A CN106572957A CN 106572957 A CN106572957 A CN 106572957A CN 201580039704 A CN201580039704 A CN 201580039704A CN 106572957 A CN106572957 A CN 106572957A
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- Prior art keywords
- acid
- sodium
- extract
- oil
- ester
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- -1 tocopherol phosphoric acid ester Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 337
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- BTURAGWYSMTVOW-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dodecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O BTURAGWYSMTVOW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- RZFBEFUNINJXRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium ethyl xanthate Chemical compound [Na+].CCOC([S-])=S RZFBEFUNINJXRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GTSHREYGKSITGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium ferrocyanide Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Fe+2].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] GTSHREYGKSITGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium formate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C=O HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H sodium hexametaphosphate Chemical compound [Na]OP1(=O)OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])O1 GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
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- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- KSAVQLQVUXSOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium lauroyl sarcosinate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N(C)CC([O-])=O KSAVQLQVUXSOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019983 sodium metaphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium perchlorate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001488 sodium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PFUVRDFDKPNGAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium peroxide Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][O-] PFUVRDFDKPNGAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOZDTZWAMGHLDY-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium picosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].C1=CC(OS(=O)(=O)[O-])=CC=C1C(C=1N=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=C(OS([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 GOZDTZWAMGHLDY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229960005077 sodium picosulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 235000010334 sodium propionate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004324 sodium propionate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003212 sodium propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940048086 sodium pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VZWGHDYJGOMEKT-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium pyrophosphate decahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O VZWGHDYJGOMEKT-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229940054269 sodium pyruvate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004025 sodium salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000018716 sodium selenate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011655 sodium selenate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001881 sodium selenate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000015921 sodium selenite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011781 sodium selenite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001471 sodium selenite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940079864 sodium stannate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940080350 sodium stearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003010 sodium sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RSIJVJUOQBWMIM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfate decahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RSIJVJUOQBWMIM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940079101 sodium sulfide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZGHLCBJZQLNUAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide nonahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[S-2] ZGHLCBJZQLNUAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940048181 sodium sulfide nonahydrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JAJWGJBVLPIOOH-IZYKLYLVSA-M sodium taurocholate Chemical compound [Na+].C([C@H]1C[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@@H](CCC(=O)NCCS([O-])(=O)=O)C)[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C1 JAJWGJBVLPIOOH-IZYKLYLVSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001495 sodium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VGTPCRGMBIAPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium thiocyanate Chemical compound [Na+].[S-]C#N VGTPCRGMBIAPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GNBVPFITFYNRCN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium thioglycolate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)CS GNBVPFITFYNRCN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940046307 sodium thioglycolate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940001474 sodium thiosulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012321 sodium triacetoxyborohydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- XMVONEAAOPAGAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tungstate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O XMVONEAAOPAGAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AEQFSUDEHCCHBT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium valproate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCC(C([O-])=O)CCC AEQFSUDEHCCHBT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940084026 sodium valproate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DSOWAKKSGYUMTF-GZOLSCHFSA-M sodium;(1e)-1-(6-methyl-2,4-dioxopyran-3-ylidene)ethanolate Chemical compound [Na+].C\C([O-])=C1/C(=O)OC(C)=CC1=O DSOWAKKSGYUMTF-GZOLSCHFSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RCVIHORGZULVTN-YGJXXQMASA-M sodium;(1r,4as,10ar)-1,4a-dimethyl-7-propan-2-yl-6-sulfo-2,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydrophenanthrene-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [Na+].OC(=O)[C@@](C)([C@@H]1CC2)CCC[C@]1(C)C1=C2C=C(C(C)C)C(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C1 RCVIHORGZULVTN-YGJXXQMASA-M 0.000 description 1
- ANMYAHDLKVNJJO-CURYUGHLSA-M sodium;(2r)-2-amino-3-[4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenoxy)-3,5-diiodophenyl]propanoate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].IC1=CC(C[C@@H](N)C([O-])=O)=CC(I)=C1OC1=CC(I)=C(O)C(I)=C1 ANMYAHDLKVNJJO-CURYUGHLSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MSXHSNHNTORCAW-GGLLEASOSA-M sodium;(2s,3s,4s,5r,6s)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Na+].O[C@H]1O[C@H](C([O-])=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O MSXHSNHNTORCAW-GGLLEASOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PPPZBOLFWGINKN-YLCXCWDSSA-M sodium;(6r,7r)-7-[[2-(difluoromethylsulfanyl)acetyl]amino]-3-[[1-(2-hydroxyethyl)tetrazol-5-yl]sulfanylmethyl]-7-methoxy-8-oxo-5-oxa-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Na+].O([C@@H]1[C@@](C(N1C=1C([O-])=O)=O)(NC(=O)CSC(F)F)OC)CC=1CSC1=NN=NN1CCO PPPZBOLFWGINKN-YLCXCWDSSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WFKJEZKHPGDCRK-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2,2,2-trichloroethyl hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP([O-])(=O)OCC(Cl)(Cl)Cl WFKJEZKHPGDCRK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UYCAUPASBSROMS-AWQJXPNKSA-M sodium;2,2,2-trifluoroacetate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][13C](=O)[13C](F)(F)F UYCAUPASBSROMS-AWQJXPNKSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JGMJQSFLQWGYMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2,6-dichloro-n-phenylaniline;acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O.ClC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1 JGMJQSFLQWGYMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LNSAEWXPCBLGDX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[O-]C(=O)COC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl LNSAEWXPCBLGDX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SXHLENDCVBIJFO-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-[2-(2-dodecoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOCCOCCOCCOS([O-])(=O)=O SXHLENDCVBIJFO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BIYQNLJPABKADF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-[2-amino-3-(4-bromobenzoyl)phenyl]acetate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].NC1=C(CC([O-])=O)C=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(Br)C=C1 BIYQNLJPABKADF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UAJTZZNRJCKXJN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-dodecoxy-2-oxoethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CS([O-])(=O)=O UAJTZZNRJCKXJN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SONHXMAHPHADTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound [Na+].CC(=C)C([O-])=O SONHXMAHPHADTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RTVVXRKGQRRXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;2-sulfobutanedioic acid Chemical compound [Na].OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O RTVVXRKGQRRXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIGVUIYVPLQEAL-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-tetradecylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1S([O-])(=O)=O ZIGVUIYVPLQEAL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RWVGQQGBQSJDQV-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;3-[[4-[(e)-[4-(4-ethoxyanilino)phenyl]-[4-[ethyl-[(3-sulfonatophenyl)methyl]azaniumylidene]-2-methylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]methyl]-n-ethyl-3-methylanilino]methyl]benzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC(OCC)=CC=C1NC1=CC=C(C(=C2C(=CC(C=C2)=[N+](CC)CC=2C=C(C=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C)C=2C(=CC(=CC=2)N(CC)CC=2C=C(C=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C)C=C1 RWVGQQGBQSJDQV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- CGJRLPRCWSHOFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;5-(difluoromethoxy)-2-[(3,4-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methylsulfinyl]benzimidazol-1-ide;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].COC1=CC=NC(CS(=O)C=2[N-]C3=CC=C(OC(F)F)C=C3N=2)=C1OC CGJRLPRCWSHOFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/67—Vitamins
- A61K8/678—Tocopherol, i.e. vitamin E
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/66—Phosphorus compounds
- A61K31/661—Phosphorus acids or esters thereof not having P—C bonds, e.g. fosfosal, dichlorvos, malathion or mevinphos
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于改善肤色的下面式(1)所示的生育酚磷酸酯(在该式中,R1、R2和R3各自独立地表示氢原子或甲基基团)、其药理学上可接受的盐或其溶剂合物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于改善肤色的肤色改善剂和组合物。本申请要求2014年8月29日提交的日本专利申请号2014-176524和2014年9月16日提交的日本专利申请号2014-187719的优先权。将上述申请的内容引入文中作为参考。
背景技术
由于各种因素例如衰老、来自血液或黑色素的色素沉积、血流阻滞,以及胶原纤维的减少和结构变化,眼睛周围或眼睛下方产生黑眼圈是已知的(例如,参见NPL 1)。
对于肤色改善包括黑眼圈,增白剂例如维生素的施用、血流促进剂例如源自植物的皂苷的施用、用于改善血流量的治疗例如按摩的使用等已知是有效的。然而,黑眼圈产生的机制详情和黑眼圈肤色改善的决定性机制是不清楚的,并且在一些情况下,施用维生素或皂苷的效果不是足够的(例如,参加PTL 1和2)。用于改善源自血液的色素沉积(例如胆红素、胆绿素、铁等)的有效手段是未知的,所述色素沉积是黑眼圈形成的原因之一。
引文目录
专利文献
[PTL 1]日本未审查的专利申请,首次公开号2007-153822
[PTL 2]日本未审查的专利申请,首次公开号2012-232906
非专利文献
[NPL 1]Ohshima H.等人,维生素C对下睑黑眼圈的作用:利用影像分析和回声图定量评价(Effects of vitamin C on dark circles of the lower eyelids:quantitative evaluation using image analysis and echogram),Skin Research andTechnology,15(2),214-217,2009
发明概述
技术问题
作为相关领域的肤色改善剂,通过施用至皮肤而掩盖原始肤色的化妆品得到广泛使用,但是,改善肤色自身缺陷是优选的。然而,如上所述,相关领域的物质有时不显示充足的肤色改善作用,并且对于除去源自血液的色素沉积物的特别有效的物质是未知的。
本发明的目的是提供用于改善肤色的肤色改善剂和组合物,其还在改善血液中色素沉积物引起的肤色缺陷方面是有效的。
问题的解决方案
[1]用于改善肤色的下面式(1)所示的生育酚磷酸酯、其药理学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物:
[在该式中,R1、R2和R3各自独立地表示氢原子或甲基基团]。
[2]根据[1]的生育酚磷酸酯、其药理学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物,其中生育酚磷酸酯是α-生育酚磷酸酯。
[3]根据[2]的生育酚磷酸酯、其药理学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物,其中α-生育酚磷酸酯是dl-α-生育酚磷酸酯。
[4]根据[2]的生育酚磷酸酯、其药理学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物,其中α-生育酚磷酸酯是d-α-生育酚磷酸酯。
[5]根据[1]的生育酚磷酸酯、其药理学上可接受的盐或其溶剂合物,其中生育酚磷酸酯是γ-生育酚磷酸酯。
[6]根据[5]的生育酚磷酸酯、其药理学上可接受的盐或其溶剂合物,其中γ-生育酚磷酸酯是d-γ-生育酚磷酸酯。
[7]根据[1]的生育酚磷酸酯、其药理学上可接受的盐或其溶剂合物,其中生育酚磷酸酯是δ-生育酚磷酸酯。
[8]根据[7]的生育酚磷酸酯、其药理学上可接受的盐或其溶剂合物,其中δ-生育酚磷酸酯是d-δ-生育酚磷酸酯。
[9]根据[1]-[8]中任何一项的生育酚磷酸酯、其药理学上可接受的盐或其溶剂合物,其中生育酚磷酸酯的药理学上可接受的盐是生育酚磷酸酯的碱金属盐。
[10]根据[9]的生育酚磷酸酯、其药理学上可接受的盐或其溶剂合物,其中生育酚磷酸酯的碱金属盐是生育酚磷酸酯的钠盐。
[11]用于改善肤色的药物组合物,其包含根据[1]-[10]中任何一项所述的生育酚磷酸酯、其药理学上可接受的盐或其溶剂合物,以及药理学上可接受的载体,其中生育酚磷酸酯、其药理学上可接受的盐或其溶剂合物的含量是0.01质量%~20质量%。
[12]根据[11]的药物组合物,其中生育酚磷酸酯是α-生育酚磷酸酯。
[13]根据[12]的药物组合物,其中α-生育酚磷酸酯是dl-α-生育酚磷酸酯。
[14]根据[12]的药物组合物,其中α-生育酚磷酸酯是d-α-生育酚磷酸酯。
[15]根据[11]的药物组合物,其中生育酚磷酸酯是γ-生育酚磷酸酯。
[16]根据[15]的药物组合物,其中γ-生育酚磷酸酯是d-γ-生育酚磷酸酯。
[17]根据[11]的药物组合物,其中生育酚磷酸酯是δ-生育酚磷酸酯。
[18]根据[17]的药物组合物,其中δ-生育酚磷酸酯是d-δ-生育酚磷酸酯。
[19]根据[11]-[18]中任何一项所述的药物组合物,其中生育酚磷酸酯的药理学上可接受的盐是生育酚磷酸酯的碱金属盐。
[20]根据[19]的药物组合物,其中生育酚磷酸酯的碱金属盐是生育酚磷酸酯的钠盐。
[21]下面式(1)表示的生育酚磷酸酯、其药理学上可接受的盐或其溶剂合物用于制备肤色改善剂的用途:
[在该式中,R1、R2和R3各自独立地表示氢原子或甲基基团]。
[22]根据[21]的用途,其中生育酚磷酸酯是α-生育酚磷酸酯。
[23]根据[22]的用途,其中α-生育酚磷酸酯是dl-α-生育酚磷酸酯。
[24]根据[22]的用途,其中α-生育酚磷酸酯是d-α-生育酚磷酸酯。
[25]根据[21]的用途,其中生育酚磷酸酯是γ-生育酚磷酸酯。
[26]根据[25]的用途,其中γ-生育酚磷酸酯是d-γ-生育酚磷酸酯。
[27]根据[21]的用途,其中生育酚磷酸酯是δ-生育酚磷酸酯。
[28]根据[27]的用途,其中δ-生育酚磷酸酯是d-δ-生育酚磷酸酯。
[29]根据[21]-[28]中任何一项所述的用途,其中生育酚磷酸酯的药理学上可接受的盐是生育酚磷酸酯的碱金属盐。
[30]根据[29]的用途,其中生育酚磷酸酯的碱金属盐是生育酚磷酸酯的钠盐。
[31]用于改善肤色的方法,其包含将有效剂量的下式(1)所示的生育酚磷酸酯、其药理学上可接受的盐或其溶剂合物施用至需要治疗的个体:
[在该式中,R1、R2和R3各自独立地表示氢原子或甲基基团]。
[32]根据[31]所述的用于改善肤色的方法,其中生育酚磷酸酯是α-生育酚磷酸酯。
[33]根据[32]所述的用于改善肤色的方法,其中α-生育酚磷酸酯是dl-α-生育酚磷酸酯。
[34]根据[32]所述的用于改善肤色的方法,其中α-生育酚磷酸酯是d-α-生育酚磷酸酯。
[35]根据[31]所述的用于改善肤色的方法,其中生育酚磷酸酯是γ-生育酚磷酸酯。
[36]根据[35]所述的用于改善肤色的方法,其中γ-生育酚磷酸酯是d-γ-生育酚磷酸酯。
[37]根据[31]所述的用于改善肤色的方法,其中生育酚磷酸酯是δ-生育酚磷酸酯。
[38]根据[37]所述的用于改善肤色的方法,其中δ-生育酚磷酸酯是d-δ-生育酚磷酸酯。
[39]根据[31]-[38]中任何一项所述的用于改善肤色的方法,其中生育酚磷酸酯的药理学上可接受的盐是生育酚磷酸酯的碱金属盐。
[40]根据[39]所述的用于改善肤色的方法,其中生育酚磷酸酯的碱金属盐是生育酚磷酸酯的钠盐。
[41]肤色改善剂,其包含作为活性物质的下式(1)所示的生育酚磷酸酯(在该式中,R1、R2和R3各自独立地表示氢原子或甲基基团)或其盐。
[42]根据[41]的肤色改善剂,其中生育酚磷酸酯是α-生育酚磷酸酯。
[43]根据[42]的肤色改善剂,其中生育酚磷酸酯是dl-α-生育酚磷酸酯。
[44]根据[42]的肤色改善剂,其中生育酚磷酸酯是d-α-生育酚磷酸酯。
[45]根据[41]的肤色改善剂,其中生育酚磷酸酯是γ-生育酚磷酸酯。
[46]根据[45]的肤色改善剂,其中生育酚磷酸酯是d-γ-生育酚磷酸酯。
[47]根据[41]的肤色改善剂,其中生育酚磷酸酯是δ-生育酚磷酸酯。
[48]根据[47]的肤色改善剂,其中生育酚磷酸酯是d-δ-生育酚磷酸酯。
[49]根据[41]-[48]中任何一项所述的肤色改善剂,其中生育酚磷酸酯的盐是生育酚磷酸酯的碱金属盐。
[50]根据[49]的肤色改善剂,其中生育酚磷酸酯的碱金属盐是生育酚磷酸酯的钠盐。
[51]用于改善肤色的组合物,其包含根据[41]-[50]中任何一项所述的肤色改善剂和药理学上可接受的载体,其中肤色改善剂的含量是0.01质量%~20质量%。
发明的有益效果
根据本发明,可能的是提供肤色改善剂和用于改善肤色的组合物,所述肤色改善剂和组合物在改善血液色素沉积物引起的肤色缺陷方面也是有效的。
实施方案详述
[肤色改善剂]
在第一个实施方案中,本发明提供肤色改善剂,其包含作为活性物质的下式(1)所示的生育酚磷酸酯(在该式中,R1、R2和R3各自独立地表示氢原子或甲基基团)、其药理学上可接受的盐或其溶剂合物。
如下文所述,当将本实施方案的肤色改善剂加入到培养的细胞的培养基中时,细胞中血红素氧化酶(HO-1)和UDP葡糖醛酸基转移酶(UDP glucuronosyltransferase,UGT1A1)的表达增加。尽管不应受任何理论束缚,但是本发明人认为本实施方案的肤色改善剂通过增加所述因子的表达,促进源自血液的色素沉积物例如胆红素、胆绿素等(其是黑眼圈的一个因素)的去除而改善肤色。
(生育酚磷酸酯)
对于生育酚磷酸酯,根据上式(1)中的取代基R1、R2和R3,存在α-生育酚磷酸酯(R1、R2和R3=CH3)、β-生育酚磷酸酯(R1、R3=CH3,且R2=H)、γ-生育酚磷酸酯(R2、R3=CH3,且R1=H)、δ-生育酚磷酸酯(R3=CH3,R1和R2=H)、ζ2-生育酚磷酸酯(R1、R2=CH3,且R3=H)和η-生育酚磷酸酯(R1、R3=CH3,且R2=H)。因为上式(1)所示的各生育酚磷酸酯在色满环的2-位具有不对称碳原子,生育酚磷酸酯具有d和l立体异构体和dl异构体。
本实施方案的肤色改善剂中的生育酚磷酸酯可以是这些生育酚磷酸酯中的任何一种。
更具体地讲,本实施方案的肤色改善剂中的生育酚磷酸酯可以是α-生育酚磷酸酯、dl-α-生育酚磷酸酯、d-α-生育酚磷酸酯、γ-生育酚磷酸酯、d-γ-生育酚磷酸酯、δ-生育酚磷酸酯或d-δ-生育酚磷酸酯。本实施方案的肤色改善剂可以是所述生育酚磷酸酯中的任何一种或者是其两种或更多种的混合物。
(生育酚磷酸酯的盐)
本实施方案的肤色改善剂含有作为活性物质的游离型的生育酚磷酸酯或生育酚磷酸酯的盐,或者游离型的生育酚磷酸酯和生育酚磷酸酯的盐两者。生育酚磷酸酯的盐优选是药理学上可接受的盐,并且其示例包括与无机碱的盐和与碱性氨基酸的盐。
与无机碱的盐的优选示例包括碱金属盐例如钠盐和钾盐;碱土金属盐例如钙盐和镁盐;铝盐;烷基铵盐;和锌盐。
本实施方案的肤色改善剂中的生育酚磷酸酯的盐优选是生育酚磷酸酯的碱金属盐,并更优选是生育酚磷酸酯的钠盐。生育酚磷酸酯的钠盐具有如下优点:在水中的溶解度高,并且由于其形状是粉末,操作是容易的。
(溶剂合物)
不特别限定生育酚磷酸酯的溶剂合物或者生育酚磷酸酯的药学上可接受的盐的溶剂合物,只要该溶剂合物是药理学上可接受的,并且其水合物和有机溶剂合物是示例性的。
可通过已知制备方法例如日本未审查专利申请首次公开号S59-44375或PCT国际公开号WO97/14705中所述的方法,获得生育酚磷酸酯、其药理学上可接受的盐或其溶剂合物。
例如,下述是可能的:通过使溶解于溶剂中的生育酚与磷酸化剂例如磷酰氯反应,并在反应结束后适当纯化而获得生育酚磷酸酯或其溶剂合物。而且,下述是可能的:通过用金属氧化物例如氧化镁、金属氢氧化物例如氢氧化钠或氢氧化铵和烷基氢氧化铵中和得到的生育酚磷酸酯而容易地获得生育酚磷酸酯的盐或其溶剂合物。
本实施方案的肤色改善剂可就其本身口服或肠胃外施用或者可以以用于改善肤色的、与适当的药理学上可接受的载体混合的组合物形式口服或肠胃外施用。
[用于改善肤色的组合物]
在第一个实施方案中,本发明提供用于改善肤色的组合物,其包括上文所述的肤色改善剂和药理学上可接受的载体,其中肤色改善剂的含量是0.01质量%~20质量%。
可将本实施方案的用于改善肤色的组合物以片剂、包衣片剂、丸剂、粉末剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、溶液剂、混悬剂或乳剂形式口服施用或者可以根据常用方法(例如日本药典中所述的方法),通过将肤色改善剂与药理学上可接受的载体混合,以注射剂、栓剂、皮肤外用剂或化妆品的形式肠胃外施用。
本实施方案的用于改善肤色的组合物可以是皮肤外用剂或化妆品。皮肤外用剂或化妆品的种类的示例包括美发品(hair cosmetic),其选自洗发剂、油洗发剂、乳霜洗发剂、调理洗发剂、祛屑洗发剂、染发洗发剂、洗护一体洗发剂(rinse integrated shampoo)、冲洗护发素(rinse)、护理护发素(treatment)、发膜、毛发泡沫(hair foam)、毛发摩丝、喷发剂、毛发喷雾(hair mist)、发蜡、发胶、水脂(water grease)、点烫药水(setting lotion)、颜料洗液、生发油、发露、润发油、Chick、洗发膏(hair cream)、定型摩丝(hair blow)、分发机(split hair coater)、发油、烫发剂、永久性直发处理剂、氧化染发剂、漂发剂、发色预处理、发色后处理、永久性预处理、永久性后处理、染发和生发剂;基础化妆品,其选自洗面乳、洗面泡沫、皂粉、洁面粉、清洁霜、洗面奶、洁肤露、洁面凝胶(cleansing gel)、清洁油、清洁面膜、洗液、柔肤水、收敛洗液、清洁液、多层洗液、乳剂、润肤露、保湿露、乳状洗液、滋养露、滋养乳、护肤液、滋润乳液、按摩露、洁肤露、防护乳液、防晒、防晒剂、UV防晒乳、防晒液、化妆露、角蛋白平滑剂(keratin smoother)、肘关节液(elbow lotion)、洗手露、润肤露、面霜、滋润霜、营养霜、滋养霜(nourishing cream)、雪花膏、保湿霜、晚霜、按摩霜、清洁霜、化妆霜、基础乳霜、状前霜、防晒霜、晒斑霜、脱毛霜、除臭霜、剃毛霜、角质层软化霜、凝胶、洁面凝胶、保湿凝胶、肥皂、香皂、透明皂、药皂、液体肥皂、刮胡皂、合成香皂、面膜(pack)、面膜(mask)、剥离型面膜、粉状面膜、清洗面膜、油面膜、清洁面膜、精华、保湿精华、美白精华、UV防护精华、脂质体精华和脂质体露;粉底化妆品,其选自搽脸粉、扑粉、粉底(foundations)、隔离霜、口红、润唇膏、胭脂、眼线膏、睫毛膏、眼影、画眉笔、眉毛、指甲油、指甲油清洗剂、指甲护理;芳香化妆品,其选自香水、香水、香料、淡香精、淡香水、古龙水、固体香料、芳香粉、香水皂、润肤露和沐浴油;和身体化妆品,其选自体用香波、身体清洁剂、身体粉、祛臭露、祛臭粉、除臭喷雾剂、祛臭锭、除臭化妆品、漂白剂、脱毛剂、沐浴剂、防虫喷雾和驱虫剂;软膏剂、贴剂、洗液、搽剂和液体涂饰剂。
皮肤外用剂或化妆品的剂型的示例包括乳剂形式例如水包油(O/W)形式、油包水(W/O)形式、W/O/W形式和O/W/O形式、乳液聚合物形式、油性形式、固体形式、液体形式、浆糊形式、棒(stick)形式、挥发油形式、粉末形式、胶冻形式、凝胶形式、浆糊形式、乳膏形式、片(sheet)形式、膜形式、薄雾(mist)形式、喷雾形式、多层形式、泡沫形式和薄片(flake)形式。
本实施方案的用于改善肤色的组合物可以是健康食品。健康食品的示例包括剂型例如片剂、包衣片剂、丸剂、粉末剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、溶液剂、混悬剂和乳剂。
本实施方案的用于改善肤色的组合物可以以通用浓度,例如相对于用于改善肤色的组合物总量的100ppm至90质量%,包含现有原料规范或法定文件中所述的原料。对于原料规范或法定文件中所述的原料,可以使用例如日本药典(Japanese Pharmacopoeia)第14版(日本药品和医疗器械管理协会(Pharmaceutical and Medical Device RegulatoryScience Society of Japan)编,Jiho Inc.在2001年4月出版)、日本化妆品成分标准(Japanese Standards of Cosmetic Ingredients)第2版注释(日本药品和医疗器械管理协会编,Yakuji Nippo Ltd.在1984年出版)、日本化妆品成分法典补充(Supplement toThe Japanese Cosmetic Ingredients Codex)(卫生和福利部药事局检查监督处(Ministry of Health and Welfare Pharmaceutical Affairs Bureau examinationDivision supervision),Yakuji Nippo Ltd.在1993年出版)、日本化妆品成分法典补充增刊(卫生和福利部药事局检查监督处,Yakuji Nippo Ltd.在1993年出版)、化妆品分类综合许可标准(The Comprehensive Licensing Standards Of Cosmetics by Category)(卫生和福利部药事局检查监督处,Yakuji Nippo Ltd.在1993年出版)、CTFA的国际化妆品成分字典和手册(International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook)2002第9版1-4卷和化妆品成分字典(Nikko Chemicals出版,1991)中所述的所有原料。
对于药理学上可接受的载体,可以使用例如选自下述物质中的一种或多种:赋形剂、粘合剂、崩解剂、润滑剂、乳化剂、稳定剂、稀释剂、注射用溶剂、油性基质、保湿剂、触摸改善剂、表面活性剂、聚合物、增稠-胶凝剂、溶剂、抛射剂、抗氧化剂、还原剂、氧化剂、螯合剂、酸、碱、粉末、无机盐、水、含金属化合物、不饱和单体、多元醇、聚合物添加剂、助剂、润湿剂、增稠剂、粘性材料、油性材料、液体基质、脂溶性材料和聚合物羧酸酯/盐。
本实施方案的用于改善肤色的组合物还可以含有一种或多种选自以下的物质:防腐剂、抗菌剂、紫外线吸收剂、增白剂、维生素及其衍生物、消炎剂、抗炎剂、生发药物、血液循环促进剂、兴奋剂、激素、抗老防皱剂、抗衰老剂、紧致剂(a tightening agent)、冷感剂、暖感剂、伤口愈合促进剂、刺激缓和剂、镇痛药、细胞活化剂、植物、动物和微生物提取物、止痒剂、角蛋白释放-溶解剂、止汗剂、冷却剂、收敛剂、酶、核酸、芳香剂、着色物质、着色剂、染料、色素、抗炎镇痛剂、抗真菌剂、抗组胺剂、催眠镇静剂、镇定剂、抗高血压剂、降血压利尿剂、抗生素、麻醉剂、抗菌物质、抗癫痫剂、冠状血管扩张剂、草药、止痒剂、角蛋白层软化和剥离剂、防紫外线剂、杀菌防腐剂、抗氧化剂、pH调节剂、添加剂和金属皂。
赋形剂的示例包括有机赋形剂和无机赋形剂。有机赋形剂的示例包括糖衍生物例如乳糖和白糖;淀粉衍生物例如玉米淀粉和马铃薯淀粉;纤维素衍生物例如结晶纤维素;和阿拉伯胶。对于无机赋形剂,可使用选自硫酸盐的一种或多种赋形剂例如硫酸钙。
对于粘合剂,可以使用例如选自下述的一种或多种:上述赋形剂、明胶、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和聚乙二醇。
崩解剂的示例,可以使用例如选自下面的一种或多种:上述赋形剂;淀粉或纤维素衍生物例如交联羧甲纤维素钠和羧甲淀粉钠;和交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。
对于润滑剂,可以使用例如选自下述的一种或多种:滑石;硬脂酸;胶体二氧化硅;蜡例如蜂蜡和鲸蜡;硫酸盐例如硫酸钠;月桂基硫酸盐例如月桂硫酸钠;和上述赋形剂中的淀粉衍生物。
对于乳化剂,可以使用例如选自下述的一种或多种:胶体粘土例如皂粘土和硅酸镁铝;阴离子表面活性剂例如月桂基硫酸钠;阳离子表明活性剂例如苯扎氯胺;非离子型表面活性剂例如聚氧乙烯烷基醚;和脂肪酸(聚)甘油酯表面活性剂例如聚甘油硬脂酸酯-10、聚甘油二硬脂酸酯-10、聚甘油三硬脂酸酯-10和聚甘油五硬脂酸酯-10。
对于稳定剂,可以使用例如选自下述的一种或多种:对羟基苯甲酸酯诸如对羟基苯甲酸甲酯和对羟基苯甲酸丙酯;醇类例如三氯叔丁醇;酚类例如苯酚和甲酚。
对于稀释剂,可以使用例如选自下述的一种或多种:水、乙醇和丙二醇。
对于注射溶剂,可以使用例如选自水、乙醇和甘油的一种或多种。
对于油性基质,可以使用例如选自下述的一种或多种:高级醇例如
鲸蜡醇、肉豆蔻醇、油醇、月桂醇、十八醇十六醇混合物、硬脂醇、花生醇、山萮醇、霍霍巴醇(jojoba alcohol)、鲛肝醇、鲨油醇、鲨肝醇、己基癸醇、异硬脂醇、2-辛基十二醇、二聚体二醇;芳烷基醇例如苯甲醇及其衍生物;高级脂肪酸例如月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、异硬脂酸、山萮酸、十一烯酸、12-羟基硬脂酸、棕榈油酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚油酸、芥酸、二十二碳六烯酸、二十碳五烯酸、异十六烷酸、Anteheneicosanoic acid、长链支链脂肪酸、二聚酸和氢化二聚酸以及其铵盐,金属皂例如钙盐、镁盐、锌盐和钾盐,以及含氮衍生物例如酰胺;烃例如液体石蜡(矿物油)、重液异链烷烃(heavy liquid isoparaffin)、轻液异链烷烃、α-烯烃寡聚体、聚异丁烯、氢化聚异丁烯、聚丁烯、角鲨烷、源自橄榄的角鲨烷、角鲨烯、凡士林和硬石蜡;蜡例如小烛树蜡、巴西棕榈蜡、米蜡(rice wax)、日本蜡、蜂蜡、蒙旦蜡、地蜡(ozokerite)、地蜡(ceresine)、石蜡、微晶蜡、矿脂、Fischer-Tropsch蜡、聚乙烯蜡和乙烯-丙烯共聚物;植物脂肪和油例如椰子油、棕榈油、棕榈仁油、红花油、橄榄油、蓖麻油、鳄梨油、芝麻油、茶油、月见草油、麦芽油、火山豆油(macadamia nut oil)、榛子油、夏威夷核油、蔷薇果油、白池花籽油(meadowfoam oil)、桃仁油、茶树油、薄荷油、玉米油、油菜籽油、葵花籽油、麦芽油、亚麻籽油、棉籽油、大豆油、花生油、米糠油、可可油、乳油木果油(shea oil)、氢化椰子油、氢化蓖麻油、希蒙得木油(jojoba oil)和氢化希蒙得木油;动物脂肪和油例如牛油、乳脂、马脂、卵黄油、貂油和海龟油;动物蜡例如鲸油(spermacetieti)、羊毛脂和橘棘鲷(orange roughy)油;羊毛脂例如液体羊毛脂、还原羊毛脂、吸附-纯化的羊毛脂、羊毛脂乙酸酯、液体羊毛脂乙酸酯、羟基羊毛脂、聚氧乙烯羊毛脂、羊毛脂脂肪酸、硬羊毛脂脂肪酸、羊毛脂醇、乙酰化羊毛脂醇和乙酸(鲸蜡基/羊毛脂基)酯;磷脂例如卵磷脂、磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰乙醇胺、磷脂酰丝氨酸、磷脂酰甘油、磷脂酰肌醇、神经鞘氨醇磷脂例如鞘磷脂、磷脂酸和溶血卵磷脂;磷脂衍生物例如氢化大豆磷脂、部分氢化大豆磷脂、氢化蛋黄磷脂和部分氢化蛋黄磷脂;甾醇例如胆固醇、二氢胆固醇、羊毛甾醇、双氢羊毛甾醇、植物甾醇和胆酸;皂苷元;皂苷;甾醇酯例如胆甾醇乙酸酯、胆甾醇壬酸酯、胆甾醇硬脂酸酯、胆甾醇异硬脂酸酯、胆甾醇油酸酯、二(胆甾醇基/山萮醇基/辛基十二烷基)N-月桂酰基-L-谷氨酸酯、二(胆甾醇基/辛基十二烷基)N-月桂酰基-L-谷氨酸酯、二(植物甾醇基/山萮醇基/辛基十二烷基)N-月桂酰基-L-谷氨酸酯、二(植物甾醇基/辛基十二烷基)N-月桂酰基-L-谷氨酸酯、酰基肌氨酸烷基酯例如N-月桂酰基肌氨酸异丙酯、12-羟基硬脂酸胆甾醇酯、澳洲坚果油酸胆甾醇酯(cholesteryl macadamiate)、澳洲坚果油酸植物甾醇酯、异硬脂酸植物甾醇酯、软胆甾醇基羊毛脂、硬胆甾醇基羊毛脂、长链支链脂肪酸胆固醇和长链α-羟基脂肪酸胆固醇;脂质复合物例如磷脂-胆固醇复合物和磷脂-植物甾醇复合物;一元醇-羧酸酯例如肉豆蔻酸辛基十二烷基酯、肉豆蔻酸己基癸基酯、异硬脂酸辛基十二烷基酯、棕榈酸鲸蜡酯、棕榈酸辛基十二烷基酯、辛酸鲸蜡酯、辛酸己基癸基酯、异壬酸异十三烷基酯、异壬酸异壬酯、异壬酸辛酯、异壬酸异十三烷基酯、新戊酸异癸酯、新戊酸异十三烷基酯、新戊酸异硬脂基酯、新癸酸辛基十二烷基酯、油酸油酯、油酸辛基十二烷基酯、蓖麻酸辛基十二烷基酯、羊毛脂酸辛基十二烷基酯、己基癸基二甲基癸酸酯、芥酸辛基十二烷基酯、硬蓖麻油异硬脂酸酯、油酸乙酯、鳄梨油酸乙酯、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、棕榈酸异丙酯、棕榈酸辛酯、异硬脂酸异丙酯、羊毛脂酸异丙酯、癸二酸二乙酯、癸二酸二异丙酯、癸二酸二辛酯、己二酸二异丙酯、癸二酸二丁基辛基酯、己二酸二异丁酯、琥珀酸二辛酯和柠檬酸三乙酯;含氧酸酯例如乳酸鲸蜡酯、苹果酸二异硬脂基酯和氢化蓖麻油单异硬脂酸酯;多元醇脂肪酸酯例如三辛酸甘油酯、三油酸甘油酯、三异硬脂酸甘油酯、二异硬脂酸甘油酯、甘油三酯(辛酸酯/癸酸酯)、甘油三基(辛酸酯/癸酸酯(caprinate)/肉豆蔻酸酯/硬脂酸酯)、氢化松香甘油三酯(氢化酯树胶)、松香甘油三酯(酯树胶)、甘油基山萮酸酯/二十酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三辛酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三异硬脂酸酯、新戊二醇二辛酸酯、新戊二醇二癸酸酯、2-丁基-2-乙基-1,3-丙二醇二辛酸酯、丙二醇二油酸酯、戊赤藓醇基四辛酸酯、氢化戊赤藓醇基松脂酸酯、二三羟甲基丙烷三乙基己酸酯、二三羟甲基丙烷(异硬脂酸酯/癸二酸酯)、戊赤藓醇基三乙基己酸酯、二戊赤藓醇基(羟基硬脂酸酯/硬脂酸酯/松脂酸酯)、二异硬脂酸二甘油酯、四异硬脂酸聚甘油酯、聚甘油基-10九异硬脂酸酯、聚甘油基-8十(芥酸酯/异硬脂酸酯/蓖麻酸酯)、(己基癸酸/癸二酸)二甘油基低聚酯和乙二醇二硬脂酸酯(二硬脂酸乙二酯);二聚体酸或二聚体二醇衍生物例如二异丙基二聚体二亚油酸酯、二异硬脂基二聚体二亚油酸酯、二(异硬脂基/植物甾醇基)二聚体二亚油酸酯、(植物甾醇基/山萮醇基)二聚体二亚油酸酯、(植物甾醇基/异硬脂基/鲸蜡基/硬脂基/山萮醇基)二聚体二亚油酸酯、二聚体二亚油基二亚油酸酯、二聚体二亚油基二异硬脂酸酯、二聚体二亚油基氢化松香浓缩物、二聚体亚油酸硬蓖麻油和羟烷基二聚体二亚油基醚;脂肪酸烷醇酰胺例如椰子油脂肪酸单乙醇酰胺(椰油酰胺MEA)、椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺(椰油酰胺DEA)、月桂酸单乙醇酰胺(月桂酰胺MEA)、月桂酸二乙醇酰胺(月桂酰胺DEA)、月桂酸单异丙醇酰胺(月桂酰胺MIPA)、棕榈酸单乙醇酰胺(棕榈酰胺MEA)、棕榈酸二乙醇酰胺(棕榈酰胺DEA)和椰子油脂肪酸甲基乙醇酰胺(椰油酰胺甲基MEA);硅酮类包括氨基-修饰的硅酮例如聚二甲硅氧烷(二甲基聚硅氧烷)、高度聚合的聚二甲硅氧烷(高度聚合的二甲基聚硅氧烷)、环甲硅油(环二甲基硅氧烷、十四甲基环戊硅氧烷)、苯基聚三甲基硅氧烷、二苯基聚二甲硅氧烷、苯基聚二甲硅氧烷、硬脂氧基丙基二甲基胺、(氨基乙基氨基丙基聚甲基硅氧烷/聚二甲基硅氧烷)共聚物、聚二甲硅氧烷醇、聚二甲硅氧烷醇交聚体、硅酮树脂、硅酮橡胶、氨丙基聚二甲硅氧烷和氨端聚二甲硅氧烷(amodimethicone)、聚醚-修饰的硅酮例如阳离子-修饰的硅酮和聚二甲基硅氧烷共聚醇、聚甘油-修饰的硅酮、糖-修饰的硅酮、羧酸-修饰的硅酮、磷酸-修饰的硅酮、硫酸-修饰的硅酮、烷基-修饰的硅酮、脂肪酸-修饰的硅酮、烷基醚-修饰的硅酮、氨基酸-修饰的硅酮、肽-修饰的硅酮、氟-修饰的硅酮、阳离子-修饰的和聚醚-修饰的硅酮、氨基-修饰的和聚醚-修饰的硅酮、烷基-修饰的和聚醚-修饰的硅酮和聚硅氧烷-氧化烯共聚物;和氟基油例如全氟癸烷、全氟辛烷和全氟聚醚。
对于保湿剂和触摸改善剂,可以使用例如选自下述的一种或多种:多羟基醇例如甘油、丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、山梨醇、聚甘油、聚乙二醇和二丙二醇;水溶性聚合物例如NMF组分例如乳酸钠、透明质酸、胶原、粘多糖和硫酸软骨素;多元醇例如甘油,1,3-丁二醇、丙二醇、3-甲基-1,3-丁二醇、1,3-丙二醇、2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、己二醇、二甘油、聚甘油、二乙二醇、聚乙二醇、二丙二醇、聚丙二醇和乙二醇-丙二醇共聚物及其聚合物;二醇烷基醚例如二乙二醇单乙基醚(乙氧基二甘醇)、乙二醇单乙基醚、乙二醇单丁基醚和二乙二醇二丁基醚;糖醇例如山梨醇、木糖醇、赤藓醇、甘露醇和麦芽糖醇;糖例如葡萄糖、果糖、半乳糖、甘露糖、苏糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖、岩藻糖、核糖、脱氧核糖、麦芽糖、海藻糖、乳糖、棉子糖、葡糖酸、葡糖醛酸、环糊精(α-、β-和γ-环糊精,以及通过修饰例如麦芽糖化、羟基烷基化等得到的环糊精)、葡聚糖、甲壳质、壳聚糖、肝素及其衍生物、果胶、阿拉伯半乳聚糖β、糊精、葡聚糖、肝糖、乙基葡糖苷和葡糖基乙基甲基丙烯酸酯聚合物或共聚物及其衍生物;透明质酸和透明质酸钠;硫酸软骨素钠;粘多糖硫酸、硫酸卡隆素(charoninsulfate)、硫酸角质、硫酸皮肤素;银耳提取物和银耳多糖;岩藻多糖;Tuberosa多糖和天然来源的多糖;有机酸例如柠檬酸、酒石酸和乳酸及其盐;尿素;2-吡咯烷酮-5-羧酸及其盐例如其钠盐;氨基酸例如甜菜碱(三甲基甘氨酸)、脯氨酸、羟脯氨酸、精氨酸、赖氨酸、丝氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸、β-丙氨酸、苏氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、天冬酰胺、天冬氨酸、半胱氨酸、胱氨酸、甲硫氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、缬氨酸、色氨酸、组氨酸和牛磺酸及其盐;蛋白质肽例如胶原、鱼来源的胶原、端胶原、明胶、弹性蛋白、胶原分解的肽、水解的胶原、羟丙基氯化铵水解的胶原、弹性蛋白分解的肽、角蛋白分解的肽、水解的角蛋白、贝壳硬蛋白分解的肽、水解的贝壳硬蛋白、蚕丝蛋白水解肽、水解的蚕丝、月桂酰基水解的蚕丝钠、大豆蛋白水解肽、小麦蛋白水解肽、水解的小麦蛋白、酪蛋白分解的蛋白和酰化的肽及其衍生物;酰化的肽例如棕榈酰基寡肽、棕榈酰基五肽和棕榈酰基四肽;甲硅烷基化的肽;动物-植物提取物组分例如乳酸菌培养溶液、酵母提取物、卵壳膜蛋白、牛颌下腺粘蛋白、亚牛磺酸、芝麻木脂素糖苷、谷胱甘肽、白蛋白、乳清、氯化胆碱、磷酰基胆碱;胎盘提取物、弹性蛋白、胶原、芦荟提取物、金缕梅(hamamelis)水、丝瓜水、洋甘菊(chamomilla)提取物、甘草提取物、紫草(comfrey)提取物、蚕丝(silk)提取物、刺梨提取物、西洋蓍草(yarrow)提取物、桉树(eucalyptus)提取物和草木犀(melilot)提取物,神经酰胺类例如天然型神经酰胺(1、2、3、4、5和6型)、羟基神经酰胺、假-神经酰胺、神经鞘氨糖脂和含有神经酰胺-和糖神经酰胺-的提取物。
表面活性剂的示例包括阴离子表面活性剂例如月桂基硫酸酯盐、聚氧乙烯烷基醚硫酸盐、烷基苯磺酸盐、聚氧乙烯烷基醚磷酸、聚氧乙烯烷基苯基醚磷酸、N-酰基氨基酸盐、硬脂酸钠、棕榈酸钾、鲸蜡基硫酸钠、月桂基硫酸钠、三乙醇胺棕榈酸盐、聚氧乙烯月桂基磷酸钠、酰基谷氨酸钠和枯草菌脂肽(surfactin);阳离子表面活性剂例如苯扎氯铵、苄索氯铵、硬脂基三甲基氯化铵、二硬脂基二甲基氯化铵和硬脂基二甲基苄基氯化铵;两性离子表面活性剂例如盐酸烷基二氨基乙基甘氨酸、2-烷基-N-羧甲基-N-羟乙基咪唑啉鎓甜菜碱、月桂基二甲基氨基乙酸甜菜碱和卵磷脂;非离子表面活性剂例如多元醇脂肪酸酯、单硬脂酸甘油酯、亲脂单油酸甘油酯、单硬脂酸乙二醇酯、单硬脂酸丙二醇酯、脂肪酸脱水山梨糖醇酯、聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯烷基醚、聚氧乙烯烷基苯酚醚、聚氧乙烯山梨醇脂肪酸酯、N-酰基氨基酸酯、蔗糖脂肪酸酯、脂肪酸烷醇酰胺、聚氧乙烯化甾醇、聚氧乙烯化羊毛脂和聚氧乙烯硬蓖麻油;脂肪酸盐例如月桂酸钾和肉豆蔻酸钾;烷基硫酸酯盐例如月桂基硫酸钠、三乙醇胺月桂基硫酸盐和月桂基硫酸铵;聚氧乙烯烷基硫酸盐例如月桂醇聚醚硫酸钠和三乙醇胺月桂醇聚醚硫酸钠;酰基N-甲基氨基酸盐例如椰油酰甲基牛磺酸钠、椰油酰甲基牛磺酸钾、月桂酰基甲基牛磺酸钠、肉豆蔻酰甲基牛磺酸钠、月桂酰基甲基丙氨酸钠、月桂酰基肌氨酸钠、三乙醇胺月桂酰基肌氨酸和甲基丙氨酸月桂酰基谷氨酸钠(methyl alanine sodium lauroyl glutamate);酰基氨基酸盐例如椰油酰谷氨酸钠、椰油酰谷氨酸三乙醇胺盐、月桂酰基谷氨酸钠、肉豆蔻酰谷氨酸钠、硬脂酰谷氨酸钠、棕榈酰基天冬氨酸二三乙醇胺和椰油酰丙氨酸三乙醇胺;聚氧乙烯烷基醚乙酸盐例如月桂醇聚醚乙酸钠;琥珀酸酯盐例如月桂酰基单乙醇酰胺琥珀酸钠;脂肪酸烷基醇酰胺醚羧酸盐;酰基乳酸盐;聚氧乙烯脂肪胺硫酸盐;脂肪酸烷基醇酰胺硫酸盐;脂肪酸甘油酯硫酸盐例如硬椰子脂肪酸甘油硫酸钠;烷基苯聚氧乙烯硫酸盐;烯烃磺酸盐例如α-烯烃磺酸钠;烷基磺基琥珀酸盐例如月桂基磺基琥珀酸二钠和二辛基磺基琥珀酸钠;烷基醚磺基琥珀酸盐例如月桂醇聚醚磺基琥珀酸二钠、单月桂酰单乙醇酰胺聚氧乙烯磺基琥珀酸钠和月桂基聚丙二醇磺基琥珀酸钠;烷基苯磺酸盐例如十四烷基苯磺酸钠和十四烷基苯磺酸三乙醇胺盐;烷基萘磺酸盐;烷烃磺酸盐;α-磺基脂肪酸甲酯盐;酰基羟乙基磺酸盐;烷基缩水甘油基醚磺酸盐;烷基磺基乙酸盐;烷基醚磷酸酯盐例如月桂醇聚醚磷酸钠、二月桂醇聚醚磷酸钠、三月桂醇聚醚磷酸钠和monooret磷酸钠;烷基磷酸酯盐例如月桂基磷酸钾;酪蛋白酸钠;烷基芳基醚磷酸盐;脂肪酸酰胺醚磷酸盐;磷脂例如磷脂酰甘油、磷脂酰肌醇和磷脂酸;阴离子表面活性剂包括基于硅酮的阴离子表面活性剂例如羧酸-修饰的硅酮、磷酸-修饰的硅酮和硫酸-修饰的硅酮;含有不同聚氧乙烯加成数的聚氧乙烯烷基醚例如月桂醇聚醚(聚氧乙烯月桂基醚)、鲸蜡醇聚醚(ceteths)(聚氧乙烯鲸蜡基醚)、硬脂醇聚醚(聚氧乙烯硬脂基醚)、山萮醇聚醚(聚氧乙烯山萮基醚)、异硬脂醇聚醚(聚氧乙烯异硬脂基醚)和辛基十二醇聚醚(聚氧乙烯辛基十二烷基醚);聚氧乙烯烷基苯基醚;蓖麻油和硬蓖麻油衍生物例如聚氧乙烯硬蓖麻油、聚氧乙烯蓖麻油、聚氧乙烯硬蓖麻油单异硬脂酸酯、聚氧乙烯硬蓖麻油三异硬脂酸酯、聚氧乙烯硬蓖麻油单焦谷氨酸单异硬脂酸二酯和聚氧乙烯硬蓖麻油马来酸;聚氧乙烯植物甾醇;聚氧乙烯胆固醇;聚氧乙烯胆甾烷醇;聚氧乙烯羊毛脂;聚氧乙烯还原羊毛脂;聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯烷基醚例如聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯鲸蜡基醚、聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯2-癸基十四烷基醚、聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯单丁基醚、聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯氢化羊毛脂和聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯甘油醚;聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙二醇;(聚)甘油聚氧丙二醇例如PPG-9二甘油基;甘油脂肪酸部分酯例如硬脂酸甘油酯、异硬脂酸甘油酯、棕榈酸甘油酯、肉豆蔻酸甘油酯、油酸甘油酯、椰子油脂肪酸甘油酯、单棉籽油脂肪酸甘油酯、单芥酸甘油酯、倍半油酸甘油酯、α,α'-油酸焦谷氨酸甘油酯和单硬脂酸甘油马来酸酯;聚甘油脂肪酸酯例如聚甘油基-2硬脂酸酯、聚甘油基-3硬脂酸酯、聚甘油基-4硬脂酸酯、聚甘油基-5硬脂酸酯、聚甘油基-6硬脂酸酯、聚甘油基-8硬脂酸酯和聚甘油基-10硬脂酸酯、聚甘油基-6二硬脂酸酯、聚甘油基-10二硬脂酸酯、聚甘油基-2三硬脂酸酯、聚甘油基-10十硬脂酸酯、聚甘油基-2异硬脂酸酯、聚甘油基-3异硬脂酸酯、聚甘油基-4异硬脂酸酯、聚甘油基-5异硬脂酸酯、聚甘油基-6异硬脂酸酯、聚甘油基-8异硬脂酸酯、聚甘油基-10异硬脂酸酯、聚甘油基-2二异硬脂酸酯(二甘油基二异硬脂酸酯)、聚甘油基-3二异硬脂酸酯、聚甘油基-10二异硬脂酸酯、聚甘油基-2三异硬脂酸酯、聚甘油基-2四异硬脂酸酯、聚甘油基-10十异硬脂酸酯、聚甘油基-2油酸酯、聚甘油基-3油酸酯、聚甘油基-4油酸酯、聚甘油基-5油酸酯、聚甘油基-6油酸酯、聚甘油基-8油酸酯、聚甘油基-10油酸酯、聚甘油基-6二油酸酯、聚甘油基-2三油酸酯和聚甘油基-10十油酸酯;乙二醇单脂肪酸酯例如乙二醇单硬脂酸酯;丙二醇单脂肪酸酯例如丙二醇乙二醇单硬脂酸酯(propylene glycol glycol monostearate);季戊四醇部分脂肪酸酯;山梨醇部分脂肪酸酯;麦芽糖醇部分脂肪酸酯;麦芽糖醇醚;脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯例如脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇单异硬脂酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇单月桂酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇单棕榈酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇单硬脂酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇倍半油酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇三油酸酯、戊-2-乙基己基酸二甘油脱水山梨糖醇和四-2-乙基己基酸二甘油脱水山梨糖醇;和糖衍生物部分酯例如蔗糖脂肪酸酯、甲基葡糖苷脂肪酸酯和十一碳烯酸海藻糖酯。
表面活性剂的其他示例包括烷基葡糖苷例如辛基(caprylyl)葡糖苷;烷基多糖苷;羊毛脂醇;还原羊毛脂;聚氧乙烯脂肪酸单-和二酯例如聚氧乙烯二硬脂酸酯、聚乙二醇二异硬脂酸酯、聚氧乙烯单油酸酯和聚氧乙烯二油酸酯;聚氧乙烯-丙二醇脂肪酸酯;聚氧乙烯甘油脂肪酸酯包括聚氧乙烯单油酸酯例如聚氧乙烯甘油单硬脂酸酯、聚氧乙烯甘油单异硬脂酸酯和聚氧乙烯甘油三异硬脂酸酯;聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯例如聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯、聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇单硬脂酸酯、聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯和聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇四油酸酯;聚氧乙烯山梨醇脂肪酸酯例如聚氧乙烯山梨醇单月桂酸酯、聚氧乙烯山梨醇单油酸酯、聚氧乙烯山梨醇五油酸酯和聚氧乙烯山梨醇单硬脂酸酯;聚氧乙烯甲基葡糖苷脂肪酸酯;聚氧乙烯烷基醚脂肪酸酯;聚氧乙烯动物和植物脂肪和油例如聚氧乙烯山梨醇蜂蜡;烷基甘油基醚例如异硬脂基甘油基醚、鲛肝醇、鲨油醇和鲨肝醇;多元醇烷基醚;聚氧乙烯烷基胺;四聚氧乙烯-四聚氧丙烯-乙二胺缩合物;基于天然的表面活性剂例如皂苷和槐糖脂;聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酰胺;脂肪酸烷醇酰胺例如椰子油脂肪酸单乙醇酰胺(椰油酰胺MEA)、椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺(椰油酰胺DEA)、月桂酸单乙醇酰胺(月桂酰胺MEA)、月桂酸二乙醇酰胺(月桂酰胺DEA)、月桂酸单异丙醇酰胺(月桂酰胺MIPA)、棕榈酸单乙醇酰胺(棕榈酰胺MEA)、棕榈酸二乙醇酰胺(棕榈酰胺DEA)和椰子油脂肪酸甲基乙醇酰胺(椰油酰胺甲基MEA);烷基二甲基胺氧化物例如月桂基胺氧化物、椰油胺(cocamine)氧化物、硬脂胺(stearamine)氧化物和山萮胺氧化物;烷基乙氧基二甲基胺氧化物;聚氧乙烯烷基硫醇;非离子表面活性剂包括基于硅酮的非离子表面活性剂例如聚醚-修饰的硅酮诸如聚二甲硅氧烷共聚醇、聚硅氧烷-氧化烯共聚物、聚甘油-修饰的硅酮和糖-修饰的硅酮;和作为阳离子表面活性剂,烷基三甲基氯化铵例如山萮基三甲基氯化铵、硬脂基三甲基氯化铵、十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(setrimonium chloride)和月桂基三甲基氯化铵;烷基三甲基溴化铵例如硬脂基三甲基溴化铵;二烷基二甲基氯化铵例如二硬脂基二甲基氯化铵和二椰油基二甲基氯化铵(dicocodimonium chloride);脂肪酸酰胺胺例如硬脂酰胺丙基二甲胺和硬脂酰胺乙基二乙胺及其盐;烷基醚胺例如硬脂氧基丙基二甲基胺及其盐或季盐;脂肪酸酰胺型季铵盐例如乙基硫酸长链支链脂肪酸(12~31)氨基丙基乙基二甲基铵和乙基硫酸羊毛脂脂肪酸氨基丙基乙基二甲基铵;聚氧乙烯烷基胺及其盐或季盐;烷基胺盐;脂肪酸酰胺胍盐;烷基醚铵盐;烷基三烷二醇铵盐;苯甲烃铵盐;苄索氯铵盐;吡啶盐例如西吡氯铵(cetylpyridinium chloride);咪唑啉盐;烷基异喹啉盐;二烷基moriphonium盐;聚胺脂肪酸衍生物;氨基-修饰的硅酮例如氨丙基聚二甲硅氧烷和氨端聚二甲硅氧烷、基于硅酮的阳离子表面活性剂例如阳离子-修饰的硅酮、阳离子-修饰的和聚醚-修饰的硅酮以及氨基-修饰的和聚醚-修饰的硅酮;N-烷基-Ns例如月桂基甜菜碱(月桂基二甲基氨基乙酸甜菜碱)和N-二甲基氨基酸甜菜碱;脂肪酸氨基烷基-Ns例如椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱和月桂酰胺丙基甜菜碱和N-二甲基氨基酸甜菜碱;咪唑啉型甜菜碱例如椰油酰两性基乙酸钠(sodium cocoamphoacetate)和月桂酰两性基乙酸钠;烷基磺基甜菜碱例如烷基二甲基牛磺酸;硫酸型甜菜碱例如烷基二甲基氨基乙醇硫酸酯;磷酸型甜菜碱例如烷基二甲基氨基乙醇磷酸酯;神经鞘氨醇磷脂例如磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰乙醇胺、磷脂酰丝氨酸和鞘磷脂,磷脂例如溶血卵磷脂、氢化大豆磷脂、部分氢化大豆磷脂、氢化蛋黄磷脂、部分氢化蛋黄磷脂和氢氧化卵磷脂;两性离子表面活性剂例如基于硅酮的两性离子表面活性剂;聚乙烯醇、藻酸钠、淀粉衍生物、黄蓍胶和丙烯酸-甲基丙烯酸烷基共聚物;聚合物表面活性剂例如各种基于硅酮的表面活性剂。对于表面活性剂,可使用选自上述化合物的一种或多种。
对于聚合-增稠-胶凝剂,可以使用例如选自下述的一种或多种:瓜耳胶、槐豆胶、Queens Seed、角叉菜胶、半乳聚糖、阿拉伯胶、塔拉胶、罗望子、帚叉藻聚糖(furcellaran)、卡拉亚胶(karaya gum)、木槿、轮藻(chara)胶、黄蓍胶、果胶、果胶酸及其盐例如其钠盐,海藻酸及其盐例如其钠盐,和甘露聚糖;大米、玉米、马铃薯和小麦淀粉;黄原胶、葡聚糖、琥珀葡聚糖(succinoglucan)、凝胶多糖、透明质酸及其盐、黄原胶、支链淀粉(pullulan)、结兰胶(gellan gum)、甲壳质、壳聚糖、琼脂、褐藻提取物、硫酸软骨素、酪蛋白、胶原、明胶和白蛋白;甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素及其盐例如其钠盐,以及纤维素例如甲基羟丙基纤维素、纤维素硫酸钠、二烷基二甲基纤维素硫酸铵、结晶纤维素和纤维素粉末及其衍生物;基于淀粉的聚合物例如可溶性淀粉、羧甲基淀粉、甲基羟丙基淀粉和甲基淀粉,以及淀粉衍生物例如淀粉羟丙基三甲基氯化铵和玉米淀粉辛烯基琥珀酸铝;海藻酸衍生物例如藻酸钠和海藻酸丙二醇酯;聚乙烯聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)、乙烯吡咯烷酮-乙烯醇共聚物和聚乙烯甲基醚;聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇和聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯共聚物;两性离子甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物例如(甲基丙烯酰氧基乙基羧酸甜菜碱/甲基丙烯酸烷基酯)共聚物和(丙烯酸酯/硬脂基丙烯酸酯/乙胺氧化物甲基丙烯酸酯)共聚物;(聚二甲硅氧烷/乙烯基聚二甲硅氧烷)交联聚合物、(丙烯酸烷基酯/双丙酮丙烯酰胺)共聚物和(丙烯酸烷基酯/双丙酮丙烯酰胺)共聚物AMP;聚乙烯乙酸酯部分皂化产物和马来酸共聚物;乙烯吡咯烷酮-二烷基氨基烷基甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物;丙烯酸树脂烷醇胺;聚酯和水-可分散聚酯;聚丙烯酰胺;聚丙烯酸酯共聚物例如聚丙烯酸乙酯、羧基乙烯基聚合物、聚丙烯酸及其盐例如其钠盐和丙烯酸-甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物;丙烯酸-甲基丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物;阳离子化纤维素类例如聚季铵盐-10、二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵-丙烯酰胺共聚物例如聚季铵盐-7、丙烯酸-二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵共聚物例如聚季铵盐-22、丙烯酸-二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵-丙烯基酰胺共聚物例如聚季铵盐-39、丙烯酸-阳离子化甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物、丙烯酸-阳离子化甲基丙烯酸酰胺共聚物、丙烯酸-丙烯酸甲基酯-甲基丙烯酰胺丙基三甲基铵共聚物例如聚季铵盐-47和甲基丙烯酸酯氯化胆碱酯共聚物;阳离子化多糖例如阳离子化寡糖、阳离子化葡聚糖和瓜耳羟丙基三甲基氯化铵;聚乙烯亚胺;阳离子聚合物;与2-甲基丙烯酰氧基乙基磷酰胆碱聚合物的共聚物例如聚季铵盐-51或甲基丙烯酸丁酯共聚物;聚合物乳剂例如丙烯酸树脂乳剂、聚丙烯酸乙基乳剂、聚丙烯酸烷基酯乳剂、聚乙烯乙酸酯树脂乳剂、天然橡胶胶乳和合成胶乳;硝基纤维素;聚氨酯和各种共聚物;各种硅酮;各种基于硅酮的共聚物例如丙烯酰基-硅酮接枝共聚物;各种氟基聚合物;12-羟基硬脂酸及其盐;糊精脂肪酸酯例如糊精棕榈酸酯、糊精硬脂酸酯和糊精2-乙基己酸棕榈酸酯;糊精脂肪酸酯例如糊精肉豆蔻酸酯;有机改良的粘土矿物例如硅酸酐、烟雾硅胶(超微颗粒硅酸酐)、硅酸镁铝、硅酸镁钠、金属皂、二烷基磷酸金属盐、皂土、锂蒙脱石(hectorite)、二甲基苄基十二烷基铵蒙脱石粘土和二甲基二十八烷基铵蒙脱石粘土、蔗糖脂肪酸酯例如蔗糖棕榈酸酯和蔗糖硬脂酸酯、氨基酸衍生物例如N-月桂酰基-L-谷氨酸和α,γ-二-正丁胺、山梨醇苯亚甲基衍生物例如单苯亚甲基山梨醇和二苯亚甲基山梨醇,以及果糖寡糖脂肪酸酯。
对于溶剂和抛射剂,可以使用例如选自下述的一种或多种:一元醇类例如甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、苯甲醇、苯乙醇、异丙醇、异丁醇、己醇、2-乙基己醇、环己醇、辛醇、丁醇和戊醇;酮例如丙酮和甲基乙基酮;低级醇例如乙醇、2-丙醇(异丙醇)、丁醇和异丁醇;二醇例如丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、二乙二醇、二丙二醇和异戊二醇;二醇醚例如二乙二醇单乙基醚(乙氧基二甘醇)、乙二醇单乙基醚、乙二醇单丁基醚、三乙二醇单乙基醚、二乙二醇二乙基醚、二乙二醇二丁基醚、丙二醇单乙基醚和二丙二醇单乙基醚;二醇醚酯例如乙二醇单乙基醚乙酸酯、二乙二醇单乙基醚乙酸酯和丙二醇单甲基醚乙酸酯;二醇酯例如二乙氧乙基琥珀酸酯和乙二醇二琥珀酸酯;苯甲醇、苄基氧基乙醇、丙烯碳酸酯、二烷基碳酸酯、丙酮、乙酸乙酯和N-甲基吡咯烷酮;甲苯;碳氟化合物和下一代氟利昂;LPG、二甲基醚、二氧化碳、溶纤剂、二烷、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜和克罗米通(crotamiton)。
对于抗氧化剂、还原剂和氧化剂,可以使用例如选自下述的一种或多种:生育酚(维生素E)和生育酚衍生物例如乙酸生育酚;BHT和BHA;没食子酸衍生物例如没食子酸丙酯;维生素C(抗坏血酸)和/或其衍生物;异抗坏血酸及其衍生物;亚硫酸盐例如亚硫酸钠;亚硫酸氢盐例如亚硫酸氢钠;硫代硫酸盐例如硫代硫酸钠;偏亚硫酸氢盐;硫代牛磺酸和亚牛磺酸;硫代甘油、硫脲、巯基乙酸、盐酸半胱氨酸、巯基乙酸、半胱氨酸和半胱胺;过氧化氢水、过硫酸铵、溴酸钠、过碳酸盐、去甲二氢愈创木酸(nordihydroguaiaretic acid)、愈创木脂树脂、丁基羟基苯甲醚、二丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)和2,2'-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-叔丁基)苯酚。
对于防腐剂、抗菌剂和络合剂,可以使用例如选自下述的一种或多种:羟基苯甲酸类例如对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯和对羟基苯甲酸丁酯,以及其盐或其酯,水杨酸、苯甲酸钠、苯氧乙醇、1,2-二醇例如1,2-戊二醇和1,2-己二醇、异噻唑啉酮衍生物例如甲基氯异噻唑啉酮和甲基异噻唑啉酮、咪唑啉尿素、脱氢乙酸及其盐、苯酚类、卤代双酚类例如三氯生、酰胺、季铵盐、三氯碳酰替苯胺(trichlorocarbanilide)、吡硫锌(zinc pyrithione)、苯扎氯铵、苄索氯铵、山梨酸、氯己定、氯己定葡糖酸盐、卤卡班(halocarban)、六氯酚、扁柏酚(hinokitiol)、苯酚、其他酚类例如异丙基苯酚、甲酚、麝香草酚、对氯酚、苯基苯酚、苯基苯酚钠、苯乙醇、光敏剂、抗菌沸石、银离子、依地酸盐(乙二胺四-乙酸盐)例如EDTA、EDTA2Na、EDTA3Na和EDTA4Na,羟乙基乙二胺三乙酸盐例如HEDTA3Na、喷替酸盐(二亚乙基三胺五乙酸盐);植酸;膦酸例如依替膦酸(etidronic acid)及其盐例如其钠盐、草酸钠、聚氨基酸例如聚天冬氨酸和聚谷氨酸、聚磷酸钠、偏磷酸钠、磷酸;柠檬酸钠、柠檬酸、丙氨酸、二羟基乙基甘氨酸、葡糖酸盐、抗坏血酸、琥珀酸、酒石酸、焦磷酸盐和六偏磷酸盐。
对于pH调节剂、酸和碱,可以使用例如选自下述的一种或多种:碱金属氢氧化物类和碱土金属氢氧化物类例如氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钙、氢氧化镁、2-氨基-2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、2-氨基-2-羟甲基-1,3-丙二醇、精氨酸、碳酸胍、碳酸铵、氨、氨水、三乙醇胺、二甲胺、二乙胺、三甲胺、三乙胺、三异丙醇胺、磷酸三钠、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸氢二钾、单乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、异丙醇胺、二异丙醇胺和聚乙醇胺,碱例如伯、仲或叔烷基胺或者伯、仲或叔烷醇胺,酸例如柠檬酸、酒石酸、乳酸、羟乙酸、盐酸、硝酸、柠檬酸、柠檬酸钠、乳酸钠、琥珀酸、乙酸、乙酸钠、富马酸、硫酸、苹果酸和磷酸,显示酸性或碱性的聚合物例如海藻酸、聚谷氨酸、聚天冬氨酸、淀粉-丙烯酸接枝聚合物、聚丙烯酸、聚乙酸乙烯酯-巴豆酸共聚物、乙酸乙烯酯-(甲)丙烯酸共聚物、乙酸乙烯酯-巴豆酸共聚物、聚乙烯磺酸、聚衣康酸、苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物和丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸共聚物。
对于粉末和无机盐,可以使用例如选自以下的一种或多种:具有不同大小和形状的无机粉末,例如云母、滑石、高岭土、绢云母、蒙脱石、高岭石、云母、白云母、金云母(phlogopite)、合成云母、鳞云母、黑云母、蛭石、碳酸镁、碳酸钙、硅酸铝、硅酸钡、硅酸钙、硅酸镁、硅酸锶、金属钨酸盐、镁、沸石、硫酸钡、煅烧硫酸钙、磷酸钙、氟磷灰石、羟磷灰石、陶瓷粉、皂土、蒙脱石、粘土、泥(mud)、金属皂(例如肉豆蔻酸锌、棕榈酸钙和硬脂酸铝)、碳酸钙、西红粉(red oxide)、黄色氧化铁、黑色氧化铁、群青(ultramarine blue)、普鲁士蓝、碳黑、氧化钛、氧化钛的细或超微颗粒、氧化锌、氧化锌的细和超微颗粒、铝、硅石、烟雾硅胶(超微颗粒硅酸酐)、云母钛、银(argentine)、氮化硼、光致变色色素、合成氟金云母、微粒复合物粉末、金和铝,以及无机粉末例如通过用各种表面处理剂处理其而疏水或亲水的粉末,所述表面处理剂例如硅酮诸如氢硅酮和环状氢硅酮或者其他硅烷类或酞酸盐偶联剂;淀粉、纤维素、尼龙粉末、聚乙烯粉末、聚甲基丙烯酸甲基酯粉末、聚苯乙烯粉末、苯乙烯和丙烯酸共聚物树脂粉末、聚酯粉末、苯代三聚氰胺树脂粉末、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯-聚甲基丙烯酸甲基酯薄片状粉末、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯-铝-环氧薄片状粉末、尿烷(urethane)粉末、硅酮粉末、具有不同大小和形状的有机粉末和表面处理粉末例如特氟隆(注册商标)粉末和有机-无机复合材料粉末;含有氯化钠的盐例如盐、粗盐、岩盐、海盐和天然盐;氯化钾、氯化铝、氯化钙、氯化镁、卤水、氯化锌和氯化铵;硫酸钠、硫酸铝、硫酸铝钾(alum)、硫酸铝铵、硫酸钡、硫酸钙、硫酸钾、硫酸镁、硫酸锌、硫酸铁和硫酸铜;磷酸钠例如磷酸一钠、磷酸二钠、磷酸三钠、磷酸钾、磷酸钙、磷酸镁、氧化镁、氧化锂云母、硅酸、硅酸镁铝、蛭石、Higilite、陶瓷粉、磷酸氢钙、氢氧化铝和氮化硼;有机粉末例如聚酰胺粉末、聚酯粉末、聚乙烯粉末、聚丙烯粉末、聚苯乙烯粉末、聚氨酯、苯代三聚氰胺粉末、聚甲基苯代三聚氰胺粉末、四氟乙烯粉末、聚甲基丙烯酸甲基酯粉末、蚕丝粉末、尼龙粉末、12尼龙、6尼龙、苯乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物、二乙烯苯-苯乙烯共聚物、乙烯基树脂、脲树脂、苯酚树脂、氟树脂、硅树脂、丙烯酸树脂、三聚氰胺树脂、环氧树脂、聚碳酸酯树脂、微晶纤维粉末和月桂酰基赖氨酸;有色色素包括无机红色色素例如氧化铁、氢氧化铁和钛铁,无机棕色色素例如γ-铁氧化,无机黄色色素例如黄色氧化铁和赭土,无机黑色色素例如黑色氧化铁和碳黑,无机紫色色素例如锰紫和钴紫,无机绿色色素例如氢氧化铬、氧化铬、氧化钴和酞酸钴,无机蓝色色素例如普鲁士蓝和群青,通过色淀(laking)基于焦油的着色剂得到的粉末,通过色淀天然色素得到的粉末和通过组合所述粉末得到的复合材料粉末;珍珠色素例如氧化钛-包衣的云母、氧化钛-包衣的云母、氯氧化铋、氧化钛-包衣的氯氧化铋、氧化钛-包衣的滑石、银、和氧化钛-包衣的有色云母;金属粉末色素例如铝粉末、铜粉末和不锈钢粉末;焦油有色物质例如3号红、104号红、106号红、201号红、202号红、204号红、205号红、220号红、226号红、227号红、228号红、230号红、401号红和505号红,4号黄、5号黄、202号黄、203号黄、204号黄和401号黄,1号蓝、2号蓝、201号蓝和404号蓝,3号绿、201号绿、204号绿和205号绿,以及201号橙、203号橙、204号橙、206号橙和207号橙;选自天然有色物质的粉末例如洋红酸(carmineacid)、虫胶酸(laccaic acid)、红花素(carthamin)、巴西木素(brazilin)和藏红花素(crocin),以及通过用复合化合物、油、硅酮或氟化合物对所述粉末进行表面处理而得到的粉末、蒙脱石、硅酸酐、石膏、硅藻土、碳酸钙、铝碳酸镁、滑石、玻璃、高岭土、金属皂、微粉硅胶、氯氧化铋、银、锌白和二氧化钛。
对于紫外吸收剂,可以使用例如选自以下的一种或多种:基于苯甲酸的紫外吸收剂,诸如对氨基苯甲酸、对氨基苯甲酸单甘油酯、N,N-二丙氧基对氨基苯甲酸乙酯、N,N-二乙氧基对氨基苯甲酸乙酯、N,N-二甲基对氨基苯甲酸乙酯、N,N-二甲基-对-氨基苯甲酸丁酯和N,N-二甲基对氨基苯甲酸乙酯;基于邻氨基苯甲酸的紫外吸收剂诸如高薄荷基-N-乙酰基邻氨基苯甲酸酯;基于水杨酸的紫外吸收剂例如水杨酸及其钠盐、水杨酸戊基酯、水杨酸薄荷酯、水杨酸高薄荷酯、水杨酸辛酯、水杨酸苯酯和水杨酸苄酯、水杨酸对异丙醇苯基酯;基于肉桂酸的紫外吸收剂例如肉桂酸辛酯、乙基-4-异丙基肉桂酸酯、甲基-2,5-二异丙基肉桂酸酯、乙基-2,4-二异丙基肉桂酸酯、甲基-2,4-二异丙基肉桂酸酯、丙基-对甲氧基肉桂酸酯、异丙基-p-甲氧基肉桂酸酯、异戊基-p-甲氧基肉桂酸酯、2-乙基己基p-甲氧基肉桂酸酯(对甲氧基肉桂酸辛基酯)、2-乙氧基乙基-p-甲氧基肉桂酸酯(西诺沙酯(cinoxate))、环己基-p-甲氧基肉桂酸酯、乙基-α-氰基-β-苯基肉桂酸酯、2-乙基己基α-氰基-β-苯基肉桂酸酯(氰双苯丙烯酸辛酯)、甘油基单-2-乙基己酰基-二-对-甲氧基肉桂酸酯,以及阿魏酸及其衍生物;基于二苯甲酮的紫外吸收剂例如2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮、2,2'-二羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮、2,2'-二羟基-4,4'-二甲氧基二苯甲酮、2,2',4,4'-四羟基二苯甲酮、2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮(羟苯甲酮-3)、2-羟基-4-甲氧基-4'-甲基二苯甲酮、2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮-5-磺酸酯/盐、4-苯基二苯甲酮、2-乙基己基-4'-苯基-二苯甲酮-2-甲酸酯、2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮和4-羟基-3-羧基二苯甲酮;3-(4'-甲基苯亚甲基)-d,l-樟脑、3-苯亚甲基-d,l-樟脑;2-苯基-5-甲基苯并唑;2,2'-羟基-5-甲基苯基苯并三唑;2-(2'-羟基-5'-t-辛基苯基)苯并三唑;2-(2'-羟基-5'-甲苯基苯并三唑;Dibenzaladine;二茴香酰基甲烷;5-(3,3-二甲基-2-降冰片烷亚基)-3-戊-2-酮;和二苯甲酰基甲烷衍生物例如4-叔丁基甲氧基二苯甲酰基甲烷;辛基三嗪酮;尿刊酸(urocanicacid)衍生物例如尿刊酸和尿刊酸乙酯;2-(2'-羟基-5'-甲基苯基)苯并三唑、1-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-4,4-二甲基-1,3-戊二酮,乙内酰脲衍生物例如2-乙基己基二甲氧基苯亚甲基二氧代咪唑烷丙酸酯、苯基苯并咪唑磺酸、对苯二甲酰基二樟脑磺酸、甲酚曲唑三硅氧烷、邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯、芦丁及其衍生物,以及Oriyzanol及其衍生物。
对于增白剂,可以使用例如选自下述的一种或多种:氢醌糖苷例如熊果苷和α-熊果苷及其酯;抗坏血酸磷酸酯盐例如抗坏血酸、抗坏血酸磷酸酯钠盐和抗坏血酸磷酸酯镁盐、抗坏血酸脂肪酸酯例如抗坏血酸四异棕榈酸酯、抗坏血酸烷基醚例如抗坏血酸乙基醚、抗坏血酸葡糖苷例如抗坏血酸2-葡糖苷及其脂肪酸酯、抗坏血酸衍生物例如抗坏血酸硫酸酯和生育酚抗坏血酸基磷酸酯;曲酸、鞣花酸、氨甲环酸及其衍生物、阿魏酸及其衍生物、胎盘提取物、谷胱甘肽、阿魏酸脂(orizanol)、丁基间苯二酚、油溶性洋甘菊(chamomilla)提取物、油溶性甘草提取物、西河柳提取物、虎耳草(saxifrage)提取物、光甘草定、光甘草素、甘草素、异甘草苷和含有这些化合物的甘草提取物、胎盘提取物、类胡萝卜素和含有这些化合物的动物与植物提取物、新琼脂二糖、琼脂糖寡糖、芦笋提取物、拳参提取物、豌豆提取物、玫瑰果实提取物、黄芩根提取物、刺芒柄花(ononis spinosa)提取物、海藻提取物、覆盆子提取物、槐树根提取物、禾雀花(mucuna birdwoodiana)提取物、gokahi提取物、含亚油酸的植物油、葡萄干(saisin)提取物、山楂提取物、水皂角(cassia nomam)提取物、白百合提取物、牡丹提取物、旋覆花提取物、桑树树皮提取物、大豆提取物、茶提取物、当归提取物、糖蜜提取物、白莲提取物、山毛榉提取物、葡萄籽提取物、Flor de manita提取物、hop提取物、玫瑰花提取物、mokka提取物、虎耳草提取物、薏苡仁提取物和罗汉果提取物、以及植物提取物诸如芦笋、欧茜草、红葡萄、野桐、akebi、印度大麻(cannabis)、牵牛花(morning glory)、赤豆、槟榔(gambir)、甘茶(sweet hydrangea)、绞股蓝(pentaphyllum)、虎杖(Japaneseknotweed)、无花果树、银杏、依兰香水树(ylang-ylang)、夏枯草、杏、能果、温州蜜柑(satsuma mandarin)、西伯利亚人参(siberian ginseng)、决明(sicklepod)、槐树、豌豆、车前草、秋葵、豚草、胡桃、golden lace、草莓、柿子、欧亚活学丹(ground ivy)、蓼属(polygonum)、腰果、缬草、蛇状葫芦、karin、巴西可可(guarana)、风铃草、菊花、梓(catalpa)、酸浆草、武靴叶(gymnema sylvestre)、龙芽草(agrimonia)、番石榴、薄叶西方雪果(wolfberry)、竹芋、樟脑树、栗子、禾雀花(mucuna birdwoodiana)、月桂树(bay)、肉桂、覆盆子、胡椒、咖啡、玄参、非洲防己根(colombo)、油茶(sasanqua)、山椒(Japanesepepper)、番红花(saffron)、樱桃树、石榴、广豆根(sophorae subprostrata radix)、豆茶决明(chamaecrista nomame)、紫菀、菖蒲(calamus)、西瓜、甜叶菊、李树、英国常青藤(english ivy)、西洋梨、蓍草(yarrow)、欧洲杜松(juniperus communis)、辣根(horseradish)、白菖蒲(sweet flag)、水芹(water dropwort)、美远志(senega)、番泻叶、大黄、苦橙、罗望子、楤木(aralia elata)、蒲公英、菊苣、丁香、五味子、伞多孔菌菌核、月见草、积雪草、鸭跖草、番杏(tetragonia tetragonoides)、核桃(juglans regia)、冬瓜、硬橡胶树、落日芙蓉(sunset hibiscus)、荠菜、夏橙、南天竹(nandina domestica thumb)、苦木(picrasma wood)、西伯利亚蓍草、菠萝、木槿、木瓜(papaya)、罗勒、莲、大麦、射干(blackberry lily)、花生、毛叶香茶菜(isodon japonicus)、菱角、阿月浑子、柏树、巴西蘑菇(agaricus blazei murill,)、白芷(angelicae dahurica)、枇杷、款冬(coltsfoot)、日本漆树、兰草、蓝莓、防风(saposhnikovia)、地樱桃(ground cherry)、木兰(magnolia)、木瓜(flowering quince)、rosa maikwai、麻黄、芒果、灵芝、柴胡、千屈菜(lythrum anceps)、鸭儿芹(Japanese hornwort)、含羞草、黄零陵香(melilot)、甜瓜、木兰(lily magnolia)、罗汉果(momordica-grosvenorii)、黄麻(Jews mallow)、豆芽菜、益智仁(bittercardamon)、益母草、矢车菊、棕榈、榆(ulmus pumila)、槲寄生、水蓼、美洲商陆(pokeweed)、蜡果杨梅(bayberry)、交让木(daphniphyllum macropodum)、苦艾、裸麦、兰花、桂圆、苹果、荔枝和连翘(weeoing forsythia)。
对于维生素及其衍生物,可以使用例如选自下述的一种或多种:A族维生素诸如视黄醇、乙酸视黄醇、棕榈酸视黄醇;B族维生素例如盐酸硫胺素、硫酸硫胺素、核黄素、乙酸核黄素、核黄素丁酸酯、盐酸吡多辛、二辛酸吡多辛、棕榈酸吡多辛、黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸、氰钴胺、叶酸、烟酸例如烟酸酰胺-烟酸苄基酯和colines;C族维生素例如抗坏血酸及其钠盐等;维生素D;E族维生素例如α、β、γ和δ-生育酚;其他维生素类例如泛酸和生物素;抗坏血酸磷酸酯盐例如抗坏血酸磷酸酯钠盐和抗坏血酸磷酸酯镁盐、抗坏血酸脂肪酸酯例如抗坏血酸四异棕榈酸酯-硬脂酸抗坏血酸基-棕榈酸抗坏血酸基-二棕榈酸抗坏血酸基、抗坏血酸烷基醚例如抗坏血酸乙基醚、抗坏血酸葡糖苷例如抗坏血酸2-葡糖苷、其脂肪酸酯,以及抗坏血酸衍生物例如磷酸生育酚抗坏血酸基;维生素衍生物包括生育酚衍生物例如生育酚烟酸酯/盐、生育酚乙酸酯/盐、生育酚亚油酸酯/盐、生育酚阿魏酸酯/盐和生育酚磷酸酯/盐和生育三烯酚。
对于消炎药、抗炎药、毛发生长药物、血液循环促进剂、兴奋剂、激素、抗老防皱物质、抗衰老剂、紧致剂、冷感剂、暖感剂、伤口愈合促进剂、刺激缓解剂、镇痛药和细胞活化剂,可以使用例如选自下述的一种或多种:甘草酸及其衍生物、甘草次酸衍生物、水杨酸衍生物、扁柏酚、愈创蓝油烃(guaiazulene)、尿囊素、吲哚美辛、氧化锌、乙酸氢化可的松、泼尼松、diphedoramine盐酸盐和马来酸扑尔敏;植物提取物例如桃叶提取物和艾蒿提取物;植物提取物或酊剂例如日本绿龙胆提取物、胡椒酊剂、姜酊剂、姜提取物和斑蝥酊剂;辣椒辣素、壬酸香草基酰胺、姜油酮、鱼石脂、鞣酸、冰片、环扁桃酯、桂利嗪、托拉唑啉、乙酰胆碱、维拉帕米、千金藤碱、γ-阿魏酸脂、千金藤碱、维生素E和衍生物生育酚烟酸酯·生育酚乙酸酯、γ-阿魏酸脂、烟酸衍生物、烟酸酰胺·烟酸苄酯·六烟酸肌醇、尼古丁醇、尿囊素、光敏剂301和401、卡普氯铵、十五烷酸甘油单酯、二氢黄酮醇衍生物、豆固醇或豆甾烷醇及其糖苷类、以及米诺地尔;雌二醇、雌酮、乙炔雌二醇、可的松、氢化可的松和泼尼松;视黄醇、视黄酸和生育酚视黄酸;衍生物例如乳酸、羟乙酸、葡糖酸、果酸、水杨酸及其糖苷·酯化产物、α-或β-羟基酸例如羟基癸酸、长链α-羟基脂肪酸和长链α-羟基脂肪酸胆甾醇基及其衍生物;γ-氨基丁酸和γ-氨基-β-羟基丁酸;肉毒碱;肌酸;神经酰胺和鞘氨醇;咖啡因、黄嘌呤及其衍生物;抗氧化剂和活性氧清除剂例如辅酶Q10、胡萝卜素、番茄红素和虾青素;儿茶酚类;黄酮类例如槲皮素;异黄酮类;没食子酸和酯糖衍生物;多酚类例如单宁、芝麻脂素、原花青素(protoanthocyanidin)、绿原酸和苹果多酚;衍生物例如芦丁和糖苷类;衍生物例如橙皮苷和糖苷类;木酚素苷;甘草提取物-相关物质例如光甘草定、光甘草素、甘草素和异甘草苷;乳铁蛋白;姜烯酚和姜酚;芳香物质及其衍生物例如薄荷醇、樟脑和柏木脑;辣椒辣素、香草醛及其衍生物;驱虫剂例如二乙甲苯酚胺;和生理活性物质与环糊精的复合物。
对于植物、动物和微生物提取物,可以使用例如选自下述的一种或多种:鸢尾(iris)提取物、明日叶(ashitaba)提取物、罗汉柏(thujopsis dolobrata)提取物、芦笋(asparagus)提取物、鳄梨提取物、甘茶叶(sweet hydrangea leaf)提取物、杏仁提取物、altea提取物、山金车花(arnica)提取物、芦荟提取物、杏提取物、杏仁提取物、银杏提取物、inchikow提取物、茴香提取物、姜黄(turmeric)提取物、乌龙茶(oolong tea)提取物、熊果(uva ursi)提取物、玫瑰果实提取物、紫椎菊(echinacea)叶提取物、毛叶香茶菜(isodonjaponicus)提取物、黄芩(scutellaria)根提取物、黄檗(phellodendron)树皮提取物、日本黄连(coptis japonica)提取物、大麦提取物、人参提取物、金丝桃提取物、短柄野芝麻(lamium album)提取物、刺芒柄花(ononis spinosa)提取物、荷兰芥菜(Netherlandmustard)提取物、橙提取物、干燥海产品、海藻提取物、柿子(persimmon)叶提取物、火棘(pyracantha fortuneana)果实提取物、水解的弹性蛋白、水解的小麦粉、水解的蚕丝、葛根(pueraria root)提取物、洋甘菊(chamomilla)提取物、油溶性洋甘菊提取物、胡萝卜提取物、茵陈(capillary artemisia)提取物、野生燕麦提取物、木槿玫瑰茄(hibiscussabdariffa)提取物、甘草提取物、油溶性甘草提取物、猕猴桃提取物、山口苹果(kiouapple)提取物、黑木耳(Jew's ear mushroom)提取物、金鸡纳(cinchona)树皮提取物、黄瓜提取物、毛泡桐(paulownia tomentosa)叶提取物、鸟苷、番石榴(guava)提取物、槐树(sophora)根提取物、栀子(gardenia)提取物、kuma竹叶草(kuma bamboo grass)提取物、苦参(sophora flavescen)提取物、胡桃提取物、栗子提取物、葡萄柚(grapefruit)提取物、铁线莲(clematis)提取物、黑大米提取物、红糖(brown sugar)提取物、黑醋(black vinegar)提取物、小球藻(chlorella)提取物、桑树提取物、龙胆(gentian)提取物、天竺葵(geraniumthunbergii)提取物、黑茶提取物、酵母提取物、木兰树皮提取物、咖啡提取物、牛蒡(burdock)提取物、大米提取物、发酵大米提取物、发酵米糠提取物、大米胚芽、西门肺草(comfrey)提取物、胶原、cowb提取物、葡萄干(saisin)提取物、柴胡(bupleurum)根提取物、脐带(umbilical cord)提取液体、番红花(saffron)提取物、鼠尾草提取物、石碱草(saponaria officinalis)提取物、赤竹(sasa)提取物、山楂(hawthorn)提取物、sansha提取物、日本胡椒(Japanese pepper)提取物、香菇(shiitake mushroom)提取物、地黄(rehmannia)根提取物、紫草(lithospermum)根提取物、紫苏(perilla)提取物、日本椴树(Japanese linden)提取物、绣线菊(meadowsweet)提取物、苏木(jatoba)提取物、牡丹(peony)提取物、姜提取物、菖蒲(calamus)根提取物、白桦树(white birch)提取物、银耳(white Jew's ear mushroom)提取物、木贼(horsetail)提取物、甜叶菊(stevia)提取物、甜叶菊-发酵产物、西河柳(Chinese tamarisk)提取物、英国常青藤(English ivy)提取物、山楂(whitethorn)提取物、西泽接骨木(Sambucus nigra)提取物、蓍草(yarrow)提取物、薄荷提取物、鼠尾草(sage)提取物、锦葵(mallow)提取物、日本穹草穷(cnidium)根茎提取物、日本绿龙胆(Japanese green gentian)提取物、桑树树皮提取物、大黄提取物、大豆提取物、枣提取物、百里香提取物、蒲公英提取物、地衣提取物、茶提取物、丁香提取物、白茅(imperata)提取物、蜜柑(citrus unshiu)果皮提取物、茶树提取物、中国黑莓提取物、辣椒(capsicum)提取物、日本当归(Japanese angelica)根提取物、金盏草(calendulaofficinalis)提取物、桃仁提取物、云杉(spruce)提取物、鱼腥草(houttuynia)提取物、番茄提取物、纳豆提取物、胡萝卜提取物、大蒜提取物、多花蔷薇(eglantine)提取物、木槿(hibiscus)提取物、麦冬(ophiopogon)提取物、莲提取物、欧芹(parsley)提取物、桦树提取物、蜂蜜、金缕梅(hamamelis)提取物、墙草(parietaria)提取物、毛叶香茶菜(isodonjaponicus)提取物、没药醇(bisabolol)、柏树提取物、双歧乳杆菌(Lactobacillusbifidus)提取物、枇杷提取物、款冬(coltsfoot)提取物、蜂斗菜(petasites japonicus)提取物、茯苓(hoelen)提取物、butcher bloom提取物、葡萄提取物、葡萄籽提取物、蜂胶、丝瓜提取物、红花提取物、薄荷提取物、椴树提取物、牡丹(tree peony)提取物、葎草(hop)提取物、玫瑰花(rosa rugosa)提取物、松树提取物、马栗(horse chestnut)提取物、臭菘(skunkcabbage)提取物、无患子(soapberry)提取物、蜜蜂花(melissa)提取物、水云(mozuku)提取物、桃提取物、矢车菊(cornflower)提取物、桉树油提取物、虎耳草(saxifrage)提取物、日本柚子(yuzu)提取物、百合提取物、薏苡(coix)仁提取物、苦艾(wormwood)提取物、薰衣草(lavender)提取物、绿茶提取物、卵壳膜提取物、苹果提取物、南非茶(rooibos tea)提取物、荔枝提取物、莴苣提取物、柠檬提取物、连翘(weeping forsythia)提取物、紫云英(astragalus sinicus)提取物、玫瑰提取物、迷迭香提取物、罗马洋菊(roman chamomile)提取物、蜂乳(royal jelly)提取物和地榆(burnet)提取物。
对于止痒剂、角蛋白释放溶解剂、止汗剂、冷却剂、收敛剂、酶和核酸,可以使用例如选自下述的一种或多种:盐酸苯海拉明、马来酸氯苯那敏、樟脑和物质-P抑制剂;水杨酸、硫磺、间苯二酚、二硫化硒和吡多辛(pyridoxine);氯羟基铝(chlorohydroxyaluminum)、氯化铝、氧化锌和对-苯酚磺酸锌;薄荷醇和水杨酸甲酯;柠檬酸、酒石酸、乳酸、硫酸铝钾和鞣酸;超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、氯化溶菌酶、脂肪酶、木瓜蛋白酶、胰酶和蛋白酶;核糖核酸及其盐、脱氧核糖核酸及其盐、以及三磷酸腺苷二钠盐。
对于芳香剂,可以使用例如选自下述的一种或多种:植物香料例如芥子油、橙油、胡椒油、茉莉油、香柏油、菖蒲油、萜二醇(terpin)油、橙花油、玫瑰油、桉树油、酸橙(lime)油、柠檬油、日本薄荷油和迷迭香油;动物香料例如麝香、灵猫香、海狸香和龙涎香;基于烃的香料例如溴苯乙烯、蒎烯和柠檬烯;基于醇的香料例如苯甲醇和l-薄荷醇;基于酯的香料例如乙酸乙酯和水杨酸甲酯;基于醛的香料例如苯甲醛和水杨醛;基于酮的香料例如樟脑、麝香酮(muscone)、麝香酮(musk ketone)和l-薄荷酮;基于醚的香料例如黄樟脑(safrole);基于酚的香料例如百里香酚;基于内酯的香料;基于酸的香料例如苯基乙酸;基于氮化合物的香料例如吲哚;和合成香料、天然香料和各种化合物香料例如乙酰基雪松烯、戊基桂皮醛、羟乙酸烯丙基戊基酯、β-紫罗兰酮、异E super、异丁基喹啉、鸢尾油、鸢尾酮、依兰(ylang ylang)油、十一醛、十一碳烯醛、γ-十一烷酸内酯、草蒿脑(estragole)、橡木苔(oakmoss)、没药树脂(opoponax resinoid)、丁香酚、橙花素、加乐麝香、香芹酚、L-香芹酮、cannon、胡萝卜籽油、丁香油、肉桂酸甲酯、香叶醇、香叶基腈、乙酸异冰片基酯、乙酸香叶基酯、原乙酸二甲基苄基酯、乙酸苏合香酯(styralyl acetate)、乙酸柏木酯(cedrylacetate)、乙酸松油酯、p-叔丁基环己基乙酸酯、乙酸香根酯(vetiveryl acetate)、乙酸苄酯、乙酸沉香酯(linalyl acetate)、水杨酸异戊酯、水杨酸苄酯、檀香油、檀香醇、仙客来(cyclamen)醛、环十五内酯、二氢茉莉酮酸甲酯(methyl dihydrojasmonate)、二羟基月桂烯醇、茉莉原精(jasmine absolute)、茉莉内酯、顺-茉莉酮、柠檬醛、香茅醇、香茅醛、肉桂皮油、1,8-桉树脑、桂皮醛、苏合香香膏(styrax resinoid)、柏木(cedarwood)油、雪松烯、柏木脑(cedrol)、芹菜籽油、百里香油、大马酮(damascone)、大马烯酮(damascenone)、晚香玉原精、癸醛、癸内酯、松油醇、γ-松油烯、女贞醛(triplal)、橙花醇(nerol)、壬醛、2,6-壬二烯醇、壬内酯、广霍香醇(patchouli alcohol)、香草原精、香草醛、罗勒油、广霍香油、羟基香茅醛、α-蒎烯、胡椒酮(piperitone)、苯乙醇、苯基乙醛、橙叶(petitgrain)油、己基肉桂醛、顺-3-己烯醇、秘鲁香酯(Peru balsam)、岩兰草油、岩兰草醇、薄荷油、胡椒油、洋茉莉醛(heliotropine)、香柠檬(bergamot)油、苯甲酸苄酯、冰片、没药香膏(myrrh resinoid)、甲基壬基乙醛、γ-甲基紫罗兰酮、薄荷醇、β-紫罗兰酮、薰衣草油、D-柠檬烯、沉香醇、新铃兰醛(lyral)、铃兰醛(lilial)、玫瑰原精、玫瑰氧化物、玫瑰油和各种香精油。
对于着色物质、着色剂、染料、色素,可以使用选自下述的一种或多种:经认证的着着色物质例如201号褐色,401号黑,201和401号紫,1、2、201、202、203、204、205、403和404号蓝,201、202、204、205、3、401和402号绿,102、104-1、105-1、106、2、201、202、203、204、205、206、207、208、213、214、215、218、219、220、221、223、225、226、227、228、230-1、230-2、231、232、3、401、404、405、501、502、503、504、505和506号红,201、203、204、205、206、207、401、402和403号橙,201、202-1、202-2、203、204、205、4、401、402、403-1、404、405、406、407和5号黄;其他酸性染料例如酸红14;碱性染料例如Arianor赭褐色,Arianor欧茜草红,Arianor钢青色和Arianor淡黄色;硝基染料例如HC Yellow 2,HC Yellow 5,HCRed 3,4-羟丙基氨基-3-硝基苯酚,N,N'-双(2-羟乙基)-2-硝基-p-苯二胺,HC蓝2和碱性蓝26;分散染料;无机白色色素例如二氧化钛和氧化锌;无机红色色素例如氧化铁(红氧化铁)和酞酸铁;无机褐色色素例如γ-氧化铁;无机黄色色素例如黄氧化铁和赭土,无机黑色色素例如黑氧化铁和低级氧化钛;无机紫色色素例如芒果紫和钴紫;无机绿色色素例如氧化铬、氢氧化铬和钛酸钴;无机蓝色色素例如群青和普鲁士蓝;珍珠色素例如氧化钛包被的云母、氧化钛包被的氯氧化铋、氧化钛包被的滑石、有色氧化钛包被的云母,氯氧化铋和银;金属粉末色色素例如铝粉末,铜粉末和金;表面处理无机和金属粉末色素;有机色素包括锆、钡或铝色淀(lake)例如201、202、204、205、220、226、228和405号红,203、204、205和401号橙,404号蓝,3、104、106、227、230、401和505号红,205号橙,4、5、202和203号黄,3号绿和1号蓝;表面处理有机色素;天然着色物质和染料例如蒽醌类例如虾青素和茜草素(alizarin),萘醌类例如花青素、β-胡萝卜素、carthenal、辣椒黄素、查耳酮、红花素、槲皮素、藏花素、叶绿素、姜黄素、胭脂红和紫草素、胭脂树橙、黄酮类、β花青苷、指甲花染料、血色素、番茄红素、核黄素和芦丁;氧化染料中间体和偶联剂例如p-苯二胺、甲苯-2,5-二胺、o-、m-或p-氨基苯酚、m-苯二胺、5-氨基-2-甲基苯酚、间苯二酚、1-萘酚、2,6-二氨基吡啶及其盐;自-氧化型染料例如二氢吲哚;和二羟基丙酮。
对于水,可以使用例如选自下述的一种或多种:普通水、纯净水和硬水、软水、天然水、海洋深层水、电解碱性离子水、电解酸性离子水、离子水和团簇(cluster)水。
含金属的化合物的示例包括锂化合物例如氧化锂、丁基锂、乙基锂、溴化锂、碳化锂、碘化锂、硝酸锂、氮化锂、硫化锂、甲基锂、硫酸锂、氯化锂、氢化锂、丙基锂、碳酸锂、氟化锂、铌酸锂、过氧化锂、氢氧化锂、钼酸锂、高氯酸锂、乙酸锂、甲酸锂、钨酸锂、次氯酸锂、乙酸锂二水合物、碘化锂二水合物、硫酸氢锂、乙酸锂二水合物、溴化锂一水合物、硫酸锂一水合物、碳酸二锂、草酸二锂、硫酸二锂、铬酸锂二水合物、氢氧化锂一水合物、柠檬酸锂四水合物、高氯酸锂三水合物和六氟磷酸锂、以及钠化合物例如氨基钠、氧化钠、叠氮化钠、乙酸钠、乙炔化钠、溴化钠、甲酸钠、碘化钠、乳酸钠、甲醇钠、硝酸钠、硫酸钠、硫化钠、硼酸钠、金属钠、溴酸钠、氯化钠、氢化钠、亚硝酸钠、亚硫酸钠、碘酸钠、磷酸钠、依卡倍特钠、丁酸钠、肝素钠、氯酸钠、柠檬酸钠、氰酸钠、氰化钠、氟化钠、油酸钠、草酸钠、过氧化钠、硅酸钠、锡酸钠、叔丁醇钠、碳酸钠、舒拉明钠、苯甲酸钠、亚氯酸钠、铬酸钠、氢氧化钠、硒酸钠、硒化钠、月桂酸钠、肌苷酸二钠(下文,称作IMP)、藻酸钠、过硼酸钠、过硫酸钠、亚磷酸钠、硫氰化钠、砷酸二钠、亚硒酸钠、氨酚酸钠、托美丁钠、丙酮酸钠、糖精钠、铝酸钠、葡糖酸钠、多硫化钠、硬脂酸钠、丙戊酸钠、碘泊酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸二钠、高碘酸钠、瑞肝素钠、卟菲尔钠、卡芦莫南钠、头孢米诺钠、氟氧头孢钠、头孢噻吩钠、头孢唑啉钠、拉氧头孢钠、谷氨酸钠、钼酸钠、过碳酸钠、高氯酸钠、水杨酸钠、硫代硫酸钠、硫戊巴比妥钠、三氯福司钠、碳酸氢钠、重铬酸钠、重铬酸钠、氟硼酸钠、次硫酸钠、磷酸二钠、贝前列素钠、头孢替坦钠、头孢替唑钠、法罗培南钠、柠檬酸三钠、头孢匹林钠、氨苄西林钠、头孢西丁钠、头孢磺啶钠、头孢呋辛钠、丹曲林钠、锑酸钠、连二硫酸钠、丙酸钠、钨酸钠、焦亚硫酸氢钠、磷酸三钠、三磷酸钠、达肝素钠、帕肝素钠、达那肝素钠、头孢地秦钠、羧甲纤维素钠、脑影酸盐(sodiumiothalamate)、膦甲酸钠、焦亚硫酸钠、头孢噻肟钠、Sefpiramide钠、环氨酸钠、双氯芬酸钠、硼氢化钠、次氯酸钠、硫氰酸钠、硫喷妥钠、替卡西林钠、磷霉素钠、砷酸钠、亚膦酸二钠、透明质酸钠、咪曲司特(imitrodast)钠、布拉地辛(bucladesine)钠、氢氧化硼钠(sodiumboron hydroxide)、葡糖醛酸钠、硫酸铝钠、头孢美唑钠、头孢唑肟钠、氯唑西林钠、环氨酸钠、荧光素钠、碘塞罗宁钠、洛索洛芬钠、哌拉西林钠、亚硫酸氢钠、次磷酸钠、对氨基萘磺酸钠、高锰酸钠、焦磷酸钠、氟伐他汀钠、普伐他汀钠、雷贝拉唑钠、甲基丙烯酸钠、5'-IMP二钠、异戊巴比妥钠、头孢孟多钠、头孢哌酮钠、亚铁氰化钠、硫氢化钠、偏钒酸钠、氟硅酸钠、黄原酸钠、氟乙酸钠、月桂基硫酸钠、色苷酸钠(sodium cromoglicate)、匹克硫酸钠(sodium picosulfate)、氟乙酸钠、焦亚硫酸钠、牛磺胆酸钠、西立伐他汀(cerivastatin)钠、乙酸钠三水合物、头孢曲松钠、羧苄西林钠、头孢拉宗(cefbuperazone)钠、富马酸钠、左甲状腺素钠、脱氢醋酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠、磺苄西林钠、硼酸钠十水合物、偏钒酸钠、偏过碘酸钠、胆酸钠水合物、硫酸钠十水合物、十二烷基硫酸钠、司可巴比妥钠、氯苯扎利二钠、脱氧胆酸钠、硝普钠、双氯西林钠、酞菁钠、巯基乙酸钠、硫酸钠、二氢萘(dihydronaphthalenidyl)钠、硫代苹果酸金钠、2-联苯酚钠、胆酸钠n-水合物、锡酸钠三水合物、硫化钠九水合物、依地酸二钠钙,依前列醇钠、柠檬酸亚铁钠、无水碳酸钠、亚硫酸钠七水合物、硅铝酸钠、咖啡因苯甲酸钠、砷酸氢化二钠、糖精钠二水合物、磷酸二钠、三氯乙酸钠、三聚磷酸钠、过硫酸钠、溴芬酸钠水合物、钼酸钠二水合物、碱性磷酸钠(basicsodium phosphate)、磷酸三钠、三氟乙酸钠、焦磷酸四钠、铬酸钠四水合物、琥珀酸钠六水合物、柠檬酸二氢钠、硬脂基富马酸钠、酒石酸锑钠、氰硼氢化钠、磷酸二氢钠、普拉睾酮(prasterone)硫酸钠、亚硒酸钠五水合物、二苦胺(dipicrylamine)钠、六偏磷酸钠、过硼酸钠四水合物、四氢硼酸钠、酰基β-丙氨酸钠、磷酸氢二钠、高氯酸钠一水合物、(+)-泛酸钠、偏硅酸钠(无水)、四氟硼酸钠、硫化钠二水合物、纤维素硫酸钠、泮托拉唑钠水合物、硫酸软骨素钠、甲基砷酸二钠、六氟硅酸钠、核黄素磷酸钠、葡聚糖硫酸钠硫、磷酸三钠十二水合物、5'-鸟苷酸二钠、5'-肌苷酸二钠、葡聚糖硫酸钠硫18、磺溴酞钠、5'-胞苷酸二钠、月桂基磺酸钠、倍他米松磷酸钠、聚苯乙烯磺酸钠、泼尼松龙磷酸钠、五氯苯酚钠、二氯异氰尿酸钠、地塞米松磷酸钠、雌莫司汀磷酸钠、泼尼松龙琥珀酸钠、富马酸氢钠、六氢合铁酸(II)钠、1-十二烷磺酸钠、磷酸二氢钠二水合物、卡巴克洛(carbazochrome)磺酸钠、氢化可的松磷酸钠、2-羟基丙酸钠、焦磷酸钠十水合物、二氢焦磷酸二钠、三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠、氢化可的松琥珀酸钠、磷酸二钠十二水合物、粘菌素甲磺酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、氯霉素琥珀酸钠、2-羟基丙酸钠、(Z)-9-十八烯酸钠、2-羟基琥珀酸二钠、环己基氨基磺酸钠、黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸钠、尿苷-5'-二磷酸二钠、二苯胺-4-磺酸钠、甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠、肌苷5'-单磷酸钠盐,肌苷5'-磷酸二钠、N-环己基氨基磺酸钠、胞苷5'-磷酸二钠、鸟苷-5'-磷酸二钠、(E)-2-丁烯二酸氢1-钠盐、地塞米松间磺基苯甲酸钠、2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸钠、(2,4-二氯苯氧基)乙酸钠、1,5-萘二磺酸二钠、五氯苯酚,钠盐(用于工业),4-(2,4-二氯-m-甲苯酰)-1,3-二甲基-吡唑-5-醇钠、2-甲基-4-氯苯氧乙酸钠、(4-氯-2-甲基苯氧基)乙酸钠、[(4-氯-2-甲基苯基)氧基]乙酸钠、氢化椰子油脂肪酸甘油硫酸钠、5-乙基-5,8-二氢-8-氧代呋喃并[3,2-b][1,8]萘啶-7-甲酸钠、2-羟基-1,2,3-丙烷三甲酸三钠、1-苯基偶氮基-2-萘酚-4',6-二磺酸二钠、1-(p-磺酸钠苯基偶氮)-2-羟基萘-6-磺酸钠、6-羟基-5-[(4-磺基苯基)偶氮]-2-萘磺酸二钠、2-羟基(1,1'-偶氮双萘)-3,4',6-三磺酸三钠、(+)-N-[(R)-2,4-二羟基-3,3-二甲基丁酰基]-β-丙氨酸钠、4-[(2,4-二甲基苯基)偶氮]-3-羟基-2,7-萘二磺酸二钠、(+)-3-[[(R)-2,4-二羟基-3,3-二甲基-丁酰基]氨基]丙酸钠和[甲基(2,3-二氢-1,5-二甲基-3-氧代-2-苯基-1H-吡唑-4-基)氨基]甲磺酸钠。
此外,含有金属的有机化合物的示例包括钾化合物例如明矾钾、氧化钾、溴化钾、碘化钾、硝酸钾、硫酸钾、硫化钾、乙酸钾、溴酸钾、氯化钾、亚硝酸钾、亚硫酸钾、砷酸钾、碘酸钾、氢化钾、叔丁醇钾、碳酸钾、氯酸钾、氰酸钾、氰化钾、氟化钾、草酸钾、硅酸钾、亚砷酸钾、锡酸钾、铬酸钾、氢氧化钾、磷酸钾、山梨酸钾、硫酸氢钾、硒酸钾、过硫酸钾、硫氰化钾、氯沙坦钾、亚硒酸钾、亚碲酸钾、华法林钾、高碘酸钾、葡糖酸钾、坎利酸钾(potassiumcanrenoate)、高氯酸钾、硫代硫酸钾、重铬酸钾、氟硼酸钾、重铬酸钾、钼酸钾、焦亚硫酸钾、天冬氨酸钾、permirolast钾、次氯酸钾、硫氰酸钾、克拉维酸钾、硫酸铝钾、硫氰酸钾、硼氢氧化钾、次磷酸钾、偏磷酸钾、高锰酸钾、焦磷酸钾、铁氰化钾、亚铁氰化钾、氟硅酸钾、硫酸氢钾、偏钒酸钾、黄原酸钾、草酸氢钾、氯拉卓酸(clorazepate)二钾、硒氰酸钾、草酸二钾、氟硅酸钾、锡酸钾三水合物、碳酸氢钾、过硫酸钾、硫酸铝钾、焦磷酸四钾、苄基青霉素钾、(甲基亚磺酰基)甲基钾、磷酸二氢钾、磷酸氢二钾、甘草酸二钾、四氟硼酸钾、愈创木酚磺酸钾、六氟硅酸钾、硫酸铝钾十二水合物、O‐乙基二硫代碳酸钾、六氰合铁酸(III)钾、苯氧甲基-青霉素钾和(2E,4E)-2,4-己二烯酸钾,铷化合物例如氧化铷、溴化铷、碘化铷、硫酸铷、氯化铷、氟化铷、乙酸铷、硫酸氢铷和碳酸铷,铯化合物例如氰化铯、氧化铯、溴化铯、碘化铯、硝酸铯、硫酸铯、氯化铯、碳酸铯、氟化铯、碳酸二铯、草酸二铯、硫酸铯、L-酒石酸二铯、氢氧化铯一水合物、三氟乙酸铯、2,3-二羟基丁二酸1-铯和2,3-二羟基丁二酸氢1-铯,铍化合物例如氧化铍、溴化铍、碳化铍、碘化铍、硝酸铍、氮化铍、硫化铍、氯化铍、氟化铍、硅酸铍、二硬脂酸铍、硫酸铍四水合物盐和乙酰丙酮铍盐,镁化合物例如氧化镁、乳清酸镁、芳基镁、乙酸镁、硼化镁、溴化镁、碳化镁、碘化镁、硝酸镁、氮化镁、硫酸镁、硫化镁、镁(粉)、氯化镁、碳酸镁、氯酸镁、柠檬酸镁、氟化镁、硅酸镁、硅化镁、氢氧化镁、磷化镁、乳清酸镁、硝酸镁(II)、硬脂酸镁、高氯酸镁、肉豆蔻酸镁、草酸镁、碳酸氢镁、氟硅化镁、氟硅酸镁、苯基溴化镁、硝酸镁六水合物、酞菁镁、乙酸镁四水合物、苯甲酸镁三水合物、碳酸钙镁、铬酸镁五水合物、六氟硅酸镁、偏硅酸铝镁、铝硅酸铋镁和铝镁氢氧化物碳酸盐水合物,钙化合物例如碳化钙、氧化钙、溴化钙、碳化钙、氰胺钙、碘化钙、乳酸钙、硝酸钙、氮化钙、硫酸钙、硫化钙、乙酸钙、氯化钙、亚硝酸钙、亚硫酸钙、砷酸钙、氢化钙、砷酸钙、碘酸钙、碳酸钙、氯酸钙、氟化钙、草酸钙、过氧化钙、硅酸钙、硅化钙、氰化钙、亚砷酸钙、肝素钙、亚氯酸钙、铬酸钙、氢氧化钙、磷酸钙、磷化钙、亚叶酸钙、葡糖酸钙、硬脂酸钙、天冬氨酸钙、次氯酸钙、磷霉素钙、偏硅酸钙、硫氰酸钙、次氯酸钙、泛酸钙、高锰酸钙、非诺洛芬钙、氯化钙二水合物、碳酸钙镁、聚卡波非(polycarbophil)钙、莫匹罗星钙水合物、磷酸氢钙、甘油磷酸钙、二碘硬脂酸钙、沉淀的碳酸钙、依地酸二钠钙、阿托伐他汀钙水合物、(+)-泛酸钙、对-氨基水杨酸钙、生育酚琥珀酸钙、聚苯乙烯磺酸钙、(+)-泛酸钙(2:1)、对氨基水杨酸铝钙、3-羟基-4-[(4-甲基-2-磺基苯基)偶氮]-2-萘-羧酸钙,和钡化合物例如氧化钡、叠氮化钡、乙酸钡、溴化钡、碘化钡、硝酸钡、氮化钡、硫酸钡、硫化钡、甲酸钡、乳酸钡、氯化钡、亚硫酸钡、碳酸钡、氯酸钡、氟化钡、过氧化钡、氰化钡、铬酸钡、氢氧化钡、钛酸钡、硒酸钡、磷酸钡、硝酸钡(II)、亚硒酸钡、锰酸钡、草酸钡、硬脂酸钡、高氯酸钡、硫代硫酸钡、次氯酸钡、高锰酸钡、氯冉酸钡(barium chloranilate)、氯化钡二水合物、二乙酸钡、溴化钡二水合物、二丙酸钡、氯酸钡一水合物、氢氧化钡八水合物、硫氰酸钡二水合物、硫代硫酸钡一水合物和乙酰丙酮钡二水合物。对于含金属的化合物,可以使用选自上述化合物的一种或多种。
对于不饱和单体,可以使用例如选自下述的一种或多种:含酸性基团的亲水不饱和单体例如基于丙烯酸的聚合物、马来酸、马来酸酐、富马酸、巴豆酸、衣康酸、乙烯基磺酸、苯乙烯磺酸、2-(甲基)丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙烷磺酸、2-(甲基)丙烯酰基乙烷磺酸或2-(甲基)丙烯酰基丙烷磺酸或和其盐;非离子亲水不饱和单体例如N-乙烯基乙酰胺、N-甲基-N-乙烯基乙酰胺、丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺、N-乙基(甲基)丙烯酰胺、N-n-丙基(甲基)丙烯酰胺、N-异丙基(甲基)丙烯酰胺、N,N-二甲基(甲基)丙烯酰胺、2-羟乙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、2-羟丙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、甲氧基聚乙二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇单(甲基)丙烯酸酯、乙烯基吡啶、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、N-丙烯酰基哌啶和N-丙烯酰基吡咯烷;阳离子亲水不饱和单体例如N,N-二甲氨基乙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、N,N-二乙氨基乙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯、N,N-二甲氨基丙基(甲基)丙烯酸酯和N,N-二甲氨基丙基(甲基)丙烯酰胺及其季盐、苯乙烯、氯化乙烯、丁二烯、异丁烯、乙烯、丙烯、硬脂基(甲基)丙烯酸酯和月桂基(甲基)丙烯酸酯。
对于多元醇,可以使用例如选自下述的一种或多种:乙二醇、丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、乙烯乙二醇单丁基醚、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇(二羟基醇)、甘油、三氧基异丁烷(三羟基醇)、赤藓醇、戊赤藓醇(四羟基醇)、木糖醇、核糖醇(五羟基醇)、allodulcite、山梨醇、山梨醇液体、甘露醇(六羟基醇)、聚甘油和二丙二醇。
对于聚合物添加剂,可以使用例如选自下述的一种或多种:聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、羧基乙烯基聚合物(其是交联聚丙烯酸)、乙烯基吡咯烷酮-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物、基于N-乙烯基乙酰胺的共聚物例如N-乙烯基乙酰胺-丙烯酸钠共聚物、N-乙烯基乙酰胺均聚物、聚乙烯磺酸、N-乙烯基乙酰胺交联产物、聚衣康酸、羟丙基纤维素和羟丙基甲基纤维素。
对于抗炎镇痛剂,可以使用例如选自下述的一种或多种:水杨酸、水杨酸乙二醇酯、水杨酸甲酯、1-薄荷醇、樟脑、舒林酸、三甲川(trimethine)钠、萘普生、芬布芬、吡罗昔康、曲安西龙、乙酸氢化可的松、吲哚美辛、酮洛芬、醋氨芬、甲芬那酸、氟芬那酸、异丁芬酸(ibufenac)、洛索洛芬、tiaprofen、普拉洛芬、芬布芬、双氯芬酸、双氯芬酸钠、阿氯芬酸(alclofenac)、氯诺昔康、普拉洛芬、羟布宗、布洛芬、联苯乙酸、酮咯酸、柏莫洛芬(bermoprofen)、萘丁美酮、萘普生、氟比洛芬、醋酸氟轻松、丙酸氯倍他索、COX-2抑制剂(塞来昔布、罗非昔布、瓦勒考昔(varecoxib)、帕瑞考昔和伐地考昔)et drag、尼美舒利和美洛昔康。
对于抗真菌剂,可以使用例如选自下述的一种或多种:克霉唑、硝酸益康唑、硝酸奥莫康唑、硝酸噻康唑、硝酸酮康唑、硝酸咪康唑、硝酸异康唑(isoconazole nitrate)、托萘酯(tolnaftate)、硝酸硫康唑、吡咯尼林(pyrrolnitrin)、纳他霉素(pimafucin)、十一烯酸、水杨酸、西卡宁、制霉菌素(nystatin)、nornaftate、依沙酰胺、碘十一炔苯酯、二甲硫蒽(thianthol)、环吡酮胺(cyclopiroxolamine)、卤普罗近(haloprogin)、曲古霉素、宛氏菌素(variotin)、喷他霉素和两性霉素B。
对于抗组胺剂,可以使用例如选自下述的一种或多种:抗生素例如盐酸四环素、盐酸苯海拉明、氯苯那敏、二苯基咪唑和氯霉素、苯海拉明、马来酸氯苯那敏、盐酸苯海拉明、氯苯那敏和二苯基咪唑。
对于催眠镇静剂,可以使用例如选自苯巴比妥、异戊巴比妥、环己巴比妥、劳拉西泮和氟哌啶醇的一种或多种。
对于镇定剂,可以使用例如选自氟奋乃静、硫利达嗪、地西泮、氟硝西泮和氯丙嗪的一种或多种。
对于抗高血压剂,可以使用例如选自可乐定、盐酸可乐定、吲哚洛尔、普萘洛尔、盐酸普萘洛尔、丁呋洛尔(bufuralol)、茚诺洛尔(indenolol)、布库洛尔(bucumolol)和硝苯地平的一种或多种。
对于降压利尿剂,可以使用例如选自hydrothiazide和环戊噻嗪(cyclopenthiazide)的一种或多种。
对于抗生素,可以使用例如选自青霉素、四环素、土霉素、硫酸新霉素(fradiomycin sulfate)、红霉素和氯霉素的一种或多种。
对于麻醉剂,例如可以使用选自利多卡因、苯佐卡因、氨基苯甲酸乙酯和地布卡因(dibucaine)的一种或多种。
对于抗菌物质,例如可以使用选自苯扎氯铵、呋喃西林、制霉菌素、磺胺乙酰钠(acetosulfamine)和克霉唑的一种或多种。
对于抗癫痫剂,例如可以使用选自硝西泮、甲丙氨酯和氯硝西泮的一种或多种。
对于冠状血管舒张剂,例如可以使用选自硝酸甘油、硝化甘醇(nitroglycol)、异山梨醇硝酸酯(isosorbide nitrate)、赤藓醇四硝酸酯、季戊四醇四硝酸酯和丙帕硝酯(propatyl nitrate)的一种或多种。
对于草药,例如可以使用选自下述的一种或多种:栓皮栎(cork tree)树皮、樱桃树、远志根、莪术(zedoary)、黄春菊(chamomile)、栝楼籽、甘草、桔梗根、杏仁、牛黄、五味子果实、皂荚(honey locust)、柴胡根、细辛(asiasarum)根、车前子(plantago seedshazenshi)、升麻(cimicifugae)根茎、美远志、苍术根茎、桑树根皮、丁香、蜜柑(citrusunshiu)果皮、吐根、南天竹果实、贝母球茎、麦冬块茎(ophiopogon tuber)、半夏块茎、苍术(atractylodes)根茎、天仙子(henbane)、防风和麻黄。
对于助剂,例如可以使用选自下述的一种或多种:角蛋白层软化剂例如乙醇、异丙醇、丁醇、1,3-丁二醇、丙二醇、聚乙二醇#400、甘油、克罗米通、苯甲醇、苯乙醇、碳酸丙烯酯、己基十二醇、丙醇、水杨酸、尿囊素、二甲基亚砜、二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基甲酰胺、己二酸二异丙酯、癸二酸二乙酯、月桂酸乙酯、羊毛脂、氮酮、1-香叶基氮杂环庚烷-2-酮(GACH)、脂肪酸的二烷基醇酰胺、水杨酸、水杨酸衍生物、尿素和硫,保湿剂例如吡咯烷酮羧酸,表面活性剂例如丙二醇单油酸酯、聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇单硬脂酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇单硬脂酸酯和甘油单硬脂酸酯,酯类例如肉豆蔻酸异丙酯和癸二酸二乙酯,高级醇例如油醇、硬脂醇和月桂醇,脂肪酸例如硬脂酸、己酸、壬酸、癸酸、十二烷酸、十四烷酸、十六烷酸、十八烷酸、油酸和亚油酸、基于萜的化合物和表面活性剂例如薄荷醇、薄荷酮、柠檬烯、蒎烯、胡椒酮(piperitone)、松油烯(terpinene)、异松油烯、terpinolol和香芹醇(carveol),辅助剂例如尿囊素、二甲基亚砜、二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基甲酰胺、己二酸二异丙酯、癸二酸二乙酯、月桂酸乙酯、羊毛脂和氮酮,以及根据需要,冷却剂例如薄荷醇和樟脑、油性成分例如杏仁油、橄榄油、山茶油、桃仁油(persic oil)、薄荷油、芝麻油、大豆油、貂油、棉籽油、玉米油、红花油、椰子油、桉树油、蓖麻油、液体石蜡、凡士林、角鲨烯、角鲨烷和羊毛脂,胶凝剂例如羧基乙烯基聚合物和中和剂例如二异丙醇胺。
对于润湿剂,例如可以使用选自甘油、丙二醇、山梨醇、1,3-丁二醇、dl-吡咯烷酮羧酸和乳酸钠的一种或多种。
对于收敛剂,例如可以使用选自柠檬酸、酒石酸、乳酸、氯化铝、硫酸铝、尿囊素氯羟基铝、尿囊素二羟基铝、苯酚磺酸铝、对-苯酚磺酸锌、硫酸锌和氯氢氧化铝的一种或多种。
对于增稠剂,例如可以使用选自下述的一种或多种:天然聚合物例如阿拉伯胶、黄蓍胶、槐豆胶、瓜耳胶、黄原胶、卡拉亚胶、琼脂、淀粉、角叉菜胶、海藻酸、海藻酸盐(例如藻酸钠)、藻酸丙二醇酯、葡聚糖、糊精、直链淀粉、明胶、胶原、支链淀粉(pullulan)、果胶、胶淀粉(amylopectin)、淀粉、胶淀粉半-羟乙酸钠、甲壳质、白蛋白和酪蛋白、半-合成聚合物例如聚谷氨酸、聚天冬氨酸、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、丙基纤维素、乙基甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羧甲基淀粉、羧甲基纤维素碱金属、纤维素硫酸碱金属、纤维素接枝聚合物、交联明胶、邻苯二甲酸乙酸纤维素、淀粉-丙烯酸接枝聚合物、邻苯二甲酸酐-修饰的明胶和琥珀酸-修饰的明胶、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯甲基醚、羧基乙烯基聚合物、乙烯吡咯烷酮-丙烯酸乙基酯共聚物、乙烯吡咯烷酮-苯乙烯共聚物、乙烯吡咯烷酮-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙酸乙烯酯-(甲基)丙烯酸共聚物、聚乙酸乙烯酯-巴豆酸共聚物、基于N-乙烯基乙酰胺的共聚物例如N-乙烯基乙酰胺-丙烯酸钠共聚物、聚乙烯磺酸酯、N-乙烯基乙酰胺交联产物、聚衣康酸、聚丙烯酸羟基乙酯、聚丙烯酰胺、苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物和丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸共聚物。
对于粘性材料,例如可以使用选自硅酮橡胶、聚异戊二烯橡胶、苯乙烯-嵌段共聚物橡胶、丙烯酸橡胶和天然橡胶的一种或多种。
对于止痒剂,例如可以使用选自樟脑、百里香酚、薄荷醇、聚氧乙烯月桂基醚、抗组胺剂和氨基苯甲酸乙酯的一种或多种。
对于角蛋白层软化和剥离剂,例如可以使用选自硫磺、噻克索酮(thioxolone)、二硫化硒、水杨酸和间苯二酚的一种或多种。
对于油性材料,例如可以使用选自下述的一种或多种:杏仁油、橄榄油、硬油、山茶油、蓖麻油、日本蜡油、椰子油、蜂蜡、鲸油(spermacetieti)、羊毛脂、巴西棕榈蜡、小烛树蜡、液体石蜡、凡士林、微晶蜡、地蜡、角鲨烯、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、异硬脂酸、油酸、月桂醇、鲸蜡醇、硬脂醇、油醇、辛基十二醇、胆固醇、己基癸醇、白甾醇、乳酸鲸蜡酯、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、月桂酸己酯、肉豆蔻酸肉豆蔻酯、棕榈酸异丙酯、肉豆蔻酸辛酯十二醇、硬脂酸丁酯、可可油、日本蜡、希蒙得木(jojoba)油、葡萄籽油、鳄梨油、貂油、卵黄油、蜂蜡、鲸油、羊毛脂、巴西棕榈蜡、小烛树蜡、液体石蜡、地蜡、固体石蜡、山萮酸、己二酸异丙酯、辛基十二烷基肉豆蔻酸酯、辛基十二烷基油酸酯和胆固醇油酸酯。
对于防紫外线剂,例如可以使用选自下述的一种或多种:基于二苯甲酮的防紫外线剂例如ASL-24、Cyasorb UV-9和Uvinul M-40、基于苯甲酸的防紫外线剂例如水杨酸苯酯、基于唑(azole)的防紫外线剂例如Tinuvin P、基于腈的防紫外线剂例如Uvinul N-35、基于尿素的防紫外线剂例如Ancour UA、基于对-氨基酸的防紫外线剂例如Neo HeliopanGive tan F、2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮、对-氨基苯甲酸辛基二甲基酯和对-甲氧基肉桂酸乙基己基酯、基于水杨酸的防紫外线剂、基于苯并呋喃的防紫外线剂、基于香豆素的防紫外线剂、以及基于唑的防紫外线剂。
对于杀菌防腐剂,可以使用例如选自下述的一种或多种:酸例如苯甲酸、水杨酸、脱氢醋酸、山梨酸和硼酸及其盐,苯酚类例如苯酚、氯甲酚、氯二甲酚、异丙基甲基苯酚、间苯二酚、邻苯基苯酚、对-羟基苯甲酸酯、苯氧乙醇、百里香酚、扁柏酚和噻克索酮,卤代双酚类例如六氯酚和2,4,4'-三氯-2'-羟基二苯基醚,酰胺化合物例如三氯碳酰替苯胺、卤卡班和十一烯酸单乙醇酰胺,季铵化合物例如苯扎氯铵、溴化烷基异喹啉苄索氯铵和西吡氯铵,两性离子表面活性剂例如十二烷基二(氨乙基)甘氨酸、2-吡啶硫醇-1-氧化物锌盐、葡糖酸、氯己定、福美双(thiram)、N-三氯甲基硫基-4-环己烯-1,2-二甲酰亚胺和氯丁醇。
对于抗氧化剂,例如,可以使用选自下述的一种或多种:L-抗坏血酸甲酯、L-抗坏血酸乙酯、L-抗坏血酸丙酯、L-抗坏血酸丁酯、L-抗坏血酸戊酯、L-抗坏血酸基2-棕榈酸酯、L-抗坏血酸基-2-异棕榈酸酯、L-抗坏血酸基-2-硬脂酸酯、L-抗坏血酸基-2-异硬脂酸酯、L-抗坏血酸基-6-棕榈酸酯、L-抗坏血酸基-6-异棕榈酸酯、L-抗坏血酸基-6-硬脂酸酯、L-抗坏血酸基-6-异硬脂酸酯、L-抗坏血酸基-2,6-二棕榈酸酯、L-抗坏血酸基-2,6-二异棕榈酸酯、L-抗坏血酸基-2,6-二硬脂酸酯、L-抗坏血酸基-2,6-二异硬脂酸酯、L-抗坏血酸基-2-葡糖苷-6-棕榈酸酯、L-抗坏血酸基-2-葡糖苷-6-异棕榈酸酯、L-抗坏血酸基-2-葡糖苷-6-硬脂酸酯、L-抗坏血酸基-2-葡糖苷-6-异硬脂酸酯、L-抗坏血酸基-2-葡糖苷-6-生育酚、L-抗坏血酸基-2-硫酸酯-6-棕榈酸酯、L-抗坏血酸基-2-硫酸酯-6-异棕榈酸酯、L-抗坏血酸基-2-硫酸酯-6-硬脂酸酯、L-抗坏血酸基-2-硫酸酯-6-异硬脂酸酯、L-抗坏血酸基-2-硫酸酯-6-生育酚、L-抗坏血酸基-2-马来酸酯-6-棕榈酸酯、L-抗坏血酸基-2-马来酸酯-6-异棕榈酸酯、L-抗坏血酸基-2-马来酸酯-6-硬脂酸酯、L-抗坏血酸基-2-马来酸酯-6-异硬脂酸酯、L-抗坏血酸基-2-马来酸酯-6-生育酚、L-抗坏血酸基-2-磷酸酯-6-棕榈酸酯、L-抗坏血酸基-2-磷酸酯-6-异棕榈酸酯、L-抗坏血酸基-2-磷酸酯-6-硬脂酸酯、L-抗坏血酸基-2-磷酸酯-6-异硬脂酸酯、L-抗坏血酸基-2-磷酸酯-6-生育酚、棕榈酰基2-0-L-抗坏血酸、异棕榈酰基2-0-L-抗坏血酸基磷酸酯、硬脂基2-0-L-抗坏血酸基磷酸酯、异硬脂基2-0-L-抗坏血酸基磷酸酯、生育酚2-0-L-抗坏血酸基磷酸酯、视黄酰基2-0-L-抗坏血酸基磷酸酯、生育酚磷酸酯、生育三烯酚磷酸酯、生育酚葡糖苷、生育酚硫酸酯、生育酚二甲基甘氨酸、视黄酰基磷酸酯、视黄酰基葡糖苷、视黄酰基硫酸酯和视黄酰基二甲基甘氨酸。
对于液体基质,例如可以使用选自下述的一种或多种:甘油、多元醇、乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇、胶凝剂、甘油、月桂酸甲酯、月桂醇、甘油单月桂酸酯、油酸、油醇、甘油单油酸酯、甘油二油酸酯、甘油三油酸酯、烟酸、2-吡嗪甲酸、芥子酸(3,5-二甲氧基-4-羟基肉桂酸)、2,5-二羟基苯甲酸、5-甲氧基水杨酸,α-氰基-4-羟基肉桂酸、3-羟基吡啶甲酸、二氨基萘、2-(4-羟基苯基偶氮基)苯甲酸、地蒽酚(dithranol)、琥珀酸、5-(三氟甲基)尿嘧啶、丙二醇、二丙二醇、聚丙二醇、甘油、二甘油、聚甘油、乙二醇、二乙二醇、聚乙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、山梨醇、麦芽糖醇、赤藓醇、季戊四醇、葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、木糖和海藻糖。
对于脂溶性材料,例如可以使用选自下述的一种或多种:抗坏血酸基异棕榈酸酯、抗坏血酸基-2-磷酸酯-6-棕榈酸酯、抗坏血酸基-2-磷酸酯-6-异棕榈酸酯、抗坏血酸基四己基癸酸酯、抗坏血酸基-6-棕榈酸酯、抗坏血酸基-2,6-二棕榈酸酯、抗坏血酸基-6-硬脂酸酯、视黄醇、视黄酸、视黄醇棕榈酸酯、生育酚视黄酸酯、视黄基棕榈酸酯、视黄基异棕榈酸酯、视黄基硬脂酸酯、视黄醇硬脂酸酯、虾青素、黄体素、番茄红素、β-胡萝卜素、α-胡萝卜素、α-生育酚、β-生育酚、γ-生育酚、二甲基甘氨酸生育酚、泛醌、辅酶A、生育三烯酚、矿物油、液体石蜡、角鲨烷、棕榈酸异丙酯、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、肉豆蔻酸异辛基酯、肉豆蔻酸异十三烷基酯、肉豆蔻酸十八烷基酯、肉豆蔻酸辛基十二烷基酯、异硬脂基胆甾醇基酯、甘油三酯2-乙基己酸酯、鲸蜡基2-乙基己酸酯、葵花籽油、橄榄油、希蒙得木油、山茶油、葡萄籽油、鳄梨油、夏威夷果(macadamia nut)油、杏仁油、大米胚芽油、丁香油、橙油、橙皮油、碧萝芷、辅酶A、鸢尾(iris)提取油、明日叶(ashitaba)提取油、罗汉柏(thujopsis dolobrata)提取油、芦笋(asparagus)提取油、鳄梨提取油、甘茶叶(sweet hydrangea leaf)提取油、杏仁提取油、药蜀葵(althea)提取油、山金车花(arnica)提取油、芦荟提取油、杏提取油、杏仁提取油、银杏提取油、inchikow提取油、茴香提取油、姜黄(turmeric)提取油、乌龙茶(oolongtea)提取油、熊果(uva ursi)提取油、玫瑰果实提取油、紫椎菊(echinacea)叶提取油、毛叶香茶菜(isodon japonicus)提取油、黄芩(scutellaria)根提取油、黄檗(phellodendron)树皮提取油、日本黄连(coptis japonica)提取油、大麦提取油、人参提取油、金丝桃提取油、短柄野芝麻(lamium album)提取油、刺芒柄花(ononis spinosa)提取油、荷兰芥菜(Netherland mustard)提取油、橙提取油、干燥海产品、海藻提取油、柿子(persimmon)叶提取油、火棘(pyracantha fortuneana)果实提取油、水解的弹性蛋白、水解的小麦粉、水解的蚕丝、葛根(pueraria root)提取油、洋甘菊(chamomilla)提取油、胡萝卜提取油、茵陈(capillary artemisia)提取油、野生燕麦提取油、木槿玫瑰茄(hibiscus sabdariffa)提取油、甘草提取油、油溶性甘草提取油、猕猴桃提取油、山口苹果(kiou apple)提取油、黑木耳(Jew's ear mushroom)提取油、金鸡纳(cinchona)树皮提取油、黄瓜提取油、毛泡桐(paulownia tomentosa)叶提取油、鸟苷、番石榴(guava)提取油、槐树(sophora)根提取油、栀子(gardenia)提取油、kuma竹叶草(kuma bamboo grass)提取油、苦参(sophoraflavescen)提取油、胡桃提取油、栗子提取油、葡萄柚(grapefruit)提取油、铁线莲(clematis)提取油、黑大米提取油、脂溶性红糖(brown sugar)提取物、脂溶性黑醋(blackvinegar)提取物、小球藻(chlorella)提取油、桑树提取油、龙胆(gentian)提取油、天竺葵(geranium thumbergii)提取油、黑茶提取油、酵母提取油、木兰树皮提取油、咖啡提取油、牛蒡(burdock)提取油、大米提取油、发酵大米提取油、发酵米糠提取油、大米胚芽油、西门肺草(comfrey)提取油、胶原、cowb提取油、葡萄干(saisin)提取油、柴胡(bupleurum)根提取油、脐带(umbilical cord)提取液体、番红花(saffron)提取油、鼠尾草提取油、石碱草(saponaria)提取油、赤竹(sasa)提取油、山楂(hawthorn)提取油、sansha提取油、日本胡椒(Japanese pepper)提取油、香菇(shiitake mushroom)提取油、地黄(rehmannia)根提取油、紫草(lithospermum)根提取油、紫苏(perilla)提取油、椴树(linden)提取油、绣线菊(meadowsweet)提取油、苏木(jatoba)提取油、牡丹(peony)提取油、姜提取油、菖蒲(calamus)根提取油、白桦树(white birch)提取油、银耳(white Jew's ear mushroom)提取油、木贼(horsetail)提取油、甜叶菊(stevia)提取油、甜叶菊-发酵产物、西河柳(Chinese tamarisk)提取油、英国常青藤(English ivy)提取油、山楂(whitethorn)提取油、西泽接骨木(Sambucus nigra)提取油、蓍草(yarrow)提取油、薄荷提取油、鼠尾草(sage)提取油、锦葵(mallow)提取油、日本穹草穷(cnidium)根茎提取油、日本绿龙胆(Japanese green gentian)提取油、桑树树皮提取油、大黄提取油、大豆提取油、枣提取油、百里香提取油、蒲公英提取油、地衣提取油、茶提取油、丁香提取油、白茅(imperata)提取油、蜜柑(citrus unshiu)果皮提取油、茶树油、中国黑莓提取油、辣椒(capsicum)提取油、日本当归(Japanese angelica)根提取油、金盏草(calendula officinalis)提取油、桃仁提取油、云杉(spruce)提取油、鱼腥草(houttuynia)提取油、番茄提取油、纳豆提取油、胡萝卜提取油、大蒜提取油、多花蔷薇(eglantine)提取油、木槿(hibiscus)提取油、麦冬(ophiopogon)提取油、莲提取油、欧芹(parsley)提取油、桦树提取油、蜂蜜、金缕梅(hamamelis)提取油、墙草(parietaria)提取油、毛叶香茶菜(isodon japonicus)提取油、没药醇(bisabolol)、柏树提取油、双歧乳杆菌(Lactobacillus bifidus)提取油、枇杷提取油、款冬(coltsfoot)提取油、蜂斗菜(petasites japonicus)提取油、茯苓(hoelen)提取油、butcher bloom提取油、葡萄提取油、葡萄籽提取油、蜂胶、丝瓜提取油、红花提取油、薄荷提取油、椴树提取油、牡丹(tree peony)提取油、葎草(hop)提取油、玫瑰花(rosarugosa)提取油、松树提取油、马栗(horse chestnut)提取油、臭菘(skunk cabbage)提取油、无患子(soapberry)提取油、蜜蜂花(melissa)提取油、水云(mozuku)提取油、桃提取油、矢车菊(cornflower)提取油、桉树油提取物、虎耳草(saxifrage)提取油、日本柚子(yuzu)提取油、百合提取油、薏苡(coix)仁提取油、苦艾(wormwood)提取油、薰衣草(lavender)提取油、绿茶提取油、卵壳膜提取油、苹果提取油、南非茶(rooibos tea)提取油、荔枝提取油、莴苣提取油、柠檬提取油、连翘(weeping forsythia)提取油、紫云英(astragalussinicus)提取油、玫瑰提取油、迷迭香提取油、罗马洋菊(roman chamomile)提取油、蜂乳(royal jelly)提取油、地榆(burnet)提取油、八甲基三硅氧烷、十甲基四硅氧烷、甲基聚硅氧烷、二甲基硅酮油例如高度聚合的甲基聚硅氧烷;环硅酮油类例如八甲基环四硅氧烷、十甲基环五硅氧烷、十二甲基环六硅氧烷、甲基环聚硅氧烷和甲基聚环硅氧烷;和甲基苯基硅酮油类例如聚醚-修饰的硅酮油和甲基苯基聚硅氧烷。
对于聚合物羧酸酯/盐,例如可以使用选自下述的一种或多种:丙烯酸树脂例如聚丙烯酸、丙烯酸-丙烯腈共聚物、丙烯酸钾-丙烯腈共聚物、乙酸乙烯酯-丙烯酸酯共聚物和丙烯酸-丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物,苯乙烯丙烯酸树脂例如苯乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物、苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸共聚物、苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸-丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物、苯乙烯-α-甲基苯乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物和苯乙烯-α-甲基苯乙烯-丙烯酸-丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物;苯乙烯-马来酸共聚物和苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物;乙酸乙烯酯树脂例如乙烯基萘-丙烯酸共聚物、乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物、乙酸乙烯酯-脂肪酸乙烯基乙烯共聚物、乙酸乙烯酯-马来酸酯共聚物、乙酸乙烯酯-巴豆酸共聚物和乙酸乙烯酯-丙烯酸共聚物;和任何聚酯或纤维素聚合物的盐。
对于添加剂,例如可以使用选自下述的一种或多种:烃、蜡、脂肪酸、高级醇、酯油、硅酮油、氟基油,也就是,烃例如地蜡(ozokerite)、角鲨烷、角鲨烯、地蜡(ceresine)、硬石蜡、石蜡、液体石蜡、姥鲛烷(pristane)、聚异丁烯、微晶蜡和凡士林,蜡例如蜂蜡、巴西棕榈蜡、小烛树蜡和鲸油,动物油例如牛油、牛蹄油、牛骨脂、硬牛油、硬油、龟油、猪油、马脂、貂油、鳕鱼肝油和卵黄油,羊毛脂衍生物例如羊毛脂、液体羊毛脂、还原羊毛脂、羊毛脂醇、硬羊毛脂、乙酸羊毛脂、脂肪酸羊毛脂异丙基、磷脂、磷脂酰胆碱、POE羊毛脂醇醚、POE羊毛脂醇乙酸酯、脂肪酸羊毛脂聚乙二醇和POE氢化羊毛脂醇醚,脂肪酸例如月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、山萮酸、十一烯酸、油酸、亚油酸、花生四烯酸、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)、异硬脂酸和12-羟基硬脂酸,高级醇例如月桂醇、肉豆蔻醇、棕榈醇、硬脂醇、山萮醇、十六烷基醇、油醇、异硬脂醇、己基十二醇、辛基十二醇、十六十八醇-2-癸基十四碳烯醇、胆固醇、植物甾醇、谷甾醇、羊毛甾醇、POE胆固醇醚和单硬脂基甘油醚(鲨肝醇),酯油例如己二酸二异丁基酯、己二酸2-己基癸基酯、己二酸二-2-庚基十一基酯、单异硬脂酸N-烷基乙二醇酯、异硬脂酸异十六烷基酯、三异硬脂酸三羟甲基丙烷酯、二-2-乙基己酸乙二醇2-乙基己酸鲸蜡基酯、三-2-乙基己酸三羟甲基丙烷酯、四-2-乙基己酸季戊四醇酯、辛酸鲸蜡基酯、辛基十二烷基胶酯、油酸油烯基酯、油酸辛基十二烷基酯、油酸癸基酯、二癸酸新戊二醇酯、柠檬酸三乙基酯、琥珀酸2-乙基己基酯、乙酸戊酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、硬脂酸异鲸蜡基酯、硬脂酸丁酯、癸二酸二异丙酯、癸二酸二-2-乙基己基酯、乳酸鲸蜡基酯、乳酸肉豆蔻基酯、棕榈酸异丙酯、棕榈酸2-乙基己基酯、棕榈酸2-己基癸基酯、棕榈酸2-庚基十一基酯、12-羟基硬脂酸胆甾醇基酯、二季戊四醇脂肪酸酯、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、肉豆蔻酸辛基十二烷基酯、肉豆蔻酸2-己基癸基酯、肉豆蔻酸肉豆蔻基酯、二甲基辛酸己基癸基酯、月桂酸乙酯、月桂酸己酯、N-月桂酰基-L-谷氨酸2-辛基十二烷基酯和苹果酸二异硬脂基酯,甘油酯油例如乙酰甘油酯、三异辛酸甘油酯、三异硬脂酸甘油酯、三异棕榈酸甘油酯、三-2-乙基己酸甘油酯、单硬脂酸甘油酯、二-2-庚基十一酸甘油酯和三肉豆蔻酸甘油酯,高级烷氧基-修饰的硅酮类例如二甲基聚硅氧烷、甲基苯基聚硅氧烷、甲基氢聚硅氧烷、八甲基环四硅氧烷、十甲基环五硅氧烷、十二甲基环六硅氧烷、四甲基四氢环四硅氧烷和硬脂氧基硅酮,硅酮油类例如高级脂肪酸-修饰的硅酮、硅酮树脂、硅橡胶和硅酮树脂,和氟基油类例如全氟代聚醚、全氟萘烷和全氟辛烷。
对于金属皂,可以使用例如选自下述的一种或多种:12-羟基硬脂酸铝、硬脂酸锌、硬脂酸铝、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁、肉豆蔻酸锌、肉豆蔻酸镁、鲸蜡基磷酸锌、鲸蜡基磷酸钙、鲸蜡基磷酸锌钠、月桂酸锌和十一碳烯酸锌。
在本实施方案的用于改善肤色的组合物中,上文所述肤色改善剂的含量可以是0.01质量%~20质量%,并且例如,含量可以是0.03质量%~20质量%,并且例如,含量可以是0.05质量%~12质量%。
当肤色改善剂的含量是在上述范围内时,通过改善肤色的组合物发挥肤色改善作用是适当的,制剂是容易的,并且作为物质,容易地维持稳定性是可能的。
用于改善肤色的肤色改善剂或组合物的施用方法不特别限制,并且可以根据患者的情况、体重、年龄、性别等,适当地决定。例如,将片剂、包衣片剂、丸剂、粉末剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、溶液剂、混悬剂、乳剂等口服施用。将注射剂单独或者与普通替代溶液例如葡萄糖、氨基酸等组合地静脉内施用,并且根据需要,将注射剂动脉内、肌内、皮内、皮下或腹膜内施用。将栓剂直肠内施用。将皮肤外用剂施用至患部,贴或喷洒。
因为用于改善肤色的肤色改善剂或组合物的剂量根据患者的情况、体重、年龄、性别等变化,所以不能无条件地确定剂量;然而,对于口服施用,例如,可以施用每单位剂型0.01mg~300mg活性物质(生育酚磷酸酯或其盐)。此外,对于注射剂,例如,可以施用每单位剂型0.02mg~300mg活性物质。此外,对于栓剂,例如,可以施用每单位剂型0.01mg~1000mg活性物质。此外,对于皮肤外用剂,例如,可以施用每单位剂型0.15mg~300mg活性物质。
因为用于改善肤色的肤色改善剂或组合物的日剂量根据患者的情况、体重、年龄、性别等变化,不能无条件的确定日剂量;然而,对于成年人,例如,可以每天一次或者将活性物质的量分成每天1-3次来施用0.05mg~100mg活性物质/天。
[实施例]
下文中,将基于实施例,描述本发明,但是本发明不限于下面的实施例。
[试验实施例1]
(实施例1和2以及比较实施例1的霜剂(cream)的制备)
利用含有表1中所示组成的材料,制备实施例1和2以及比较实施例1的霜剂。此处,表1中所示的单位是基于各霜剂质量(组分A和组分B的总质量)的质量%。
首先,将表1中所示的材料混合,由此制备组分A和组分B。然后,将组分A加热至85℃,然后,向其中加入组分B。然后,利用匀化器,将组分A和组分B的混合物乳化,并冷却,由此,获得实施例1和2以及比较实施例1的霜剂。
[表1]
[实验实施例2]
(利用霜剂的测试)
将实施例1和2以及比较实施例1的各霜剂在晚上施用至20位妇女(25-45岁)各自眼睛的周围,每天一次。持续施用2个月。然后,基于表2中所示的评价标准,评价就黑眼圈而言的肤色改善效果。
[表2]
评价得分 | 评价标准 |
1 | 眼睛周围的皮肤是明亮的,并且未观察到黑眼圈。 |
2 | 眼睛周围的皮肤轻微发暗,并且略微观察到黑眼圈。 |
3 | 眼睛周围的皮肤是暗的,并且观察到黑眼圈。 |
4 | 眼睛周围的皮肤是黑的,并且黑眼圈是显著的。 |
然后,总结实施例1和2以及比较实施例1的霜剂的肤色改善效果。将霜剂使用前和施用后两个月,测试位置的评价得分差异是2分或者更大的情况定义为“有效的”,将差异是1分的情况定义为“稍微有效”,并将差异是0分的情况定义为“无效的”,并将“有效”或“稍微有效”的个体的数目计算为“肤色改善效果”。结果显示在表3中。与使用比较实施例1霜剂的组相比,在使用实施例1和2的霜剂的组中,就眼睛周围的黑眼圈,观察到优秀的肤色改善效果。此外,在测试期间,未出现皮肤或眼睛困扰,这表明实施例1和2的霜剂没有安全性问题。
[表3]
肤色改善效果 | |
实施例1 | 13 |
实施例2 | 11 |
比较实施例1 | 7 |
[试验实施例3]
(血红素氧化酶基因和UDP-葡糖醛酸基转移酶基因的表达促进效果研究)
将作为样品的α-生育酚磷酸钠、γ-生育酚磷酸钠和乙酸dl-α-生育酚加入到人皮肤成纤维细胞NB1-RGB细胞的培养基中,并测量NB1-RGB细胞中血红素氧化酶基因(HO-1基因)和UDP-葡糖醛酸基转移酶基因(UGT1A1基因)的表达水平的变化。
具体讲,以10,000细胞/cm2的接种密度,制备NB1-RGB细胞,并在含有10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养基中培养24小时。随后,将用50%乙醇溶解的α-生育酚磷酸钠、γ-生育酚磷酸钠和乙酸dl-α-生育酚(终浓度为0.2μm)加入到细胞培养基中,并将其培养72小时。此外,将仅向细胞培养基中加入50%乙醇获得的样品用作对照。
然后,提取各细胞的所有RNA,合成cDNA,利用该cDNA作为模板,完成定量实时PCR,并将HO-1基因和UGT1A1基因的表达水平进行定量。
通过加入化合物,将作为内标基因的持家基因甘油醛3-磷酸脱氢酶(GAPDH)基因(其中未观察到其表达方面的变化)的表达水平进行定量,并且利用定量值,将血红素氧化酶和UGT1A1的表达水平标准化。
结果显示在表4中。其显示:与对照相比,对于HO-1基因和UGT1A1基因,加入α-生育酚磷酸钠的组和加入γ-生育酚磷酸钠的组显示表达促进作用。
此外,显示:即使与加入乙酸dl-α-生育酚的组相比,对于HO-1基因和UGT1A1基因,加入α-生育酚磷酸钠的组和加入γ-生育酚磷酸钠的组显示更高的表达促进作用。
[表4]
工业实用性
根据本发明,提供用于改善肤色的肤色改善剂和组合物是可能的,该改善剂和组合物在改善血液色素沉积引起的肤色缺陷方面也是有效的。
Claims (16)
1.用于改善肤色的下面式(1)所示的生育酚磷酸酯、其药理学上可接受的盐或其溶剂合物:
[在该式中,R1、R2和R3各自独立地表示氢原子或甲基基团]。
2.根据权利要求1所述的生育酚磷酸酯、其药理学上可接受的盐或其溶剂合物,其中生育酚磷酸酯是α-生育酚磷酸酯。
3.根据权利要求1所述的生育酚磷酸酯、其药理学上可接受的盐或其溶剂合物,其中生育酚磷酸酯是γ-生育酚磷酸酯。
4.根据权利要求1所述的生育酚磷酸酯、其药理学上可接受的盐或其溶剂合物,其中生育酚磷酸酯的药理学上可接受的盐是生育酚磷酸酯的碱金属盐。
5.用于改善肤色的药物组合物,其包含根据权利要求1所述的生育酚磷酸酯、其药理学上可接受的盐或其溶剂合物以及药理学上可接受的载体,其中生育酚磷酸酯、其药理学上可接受的盐或其溶剂合物的含量是0.01质量%~20质量%。
6.根据权利要求5所述的药物组合物,其中生育酚磷酸酯是α-生育酚磷酸酯。
7.根据权利要求5所述的药物组合物,其中生育酚磷酸酯是γ-生育酚磷酸酯。
8.根据权利要求5所述的药物组合物,其中生育酚磷酸酯的药理学上可接受的盐是生育酚磷酸酯的碱金属盐。
9.下面式(1)表示的生育酚磷酸酯、其药理学上可接受的盐或其溶剂合物的用于制备肤色改善剂的用途:
[在该式中,R1、R2和R3各自独立地表示氢原子或甲基基团]。
10.根据权利要求9所述的用途,其中生育酚磷酸酯是α-生育酚磷酸酯。
11.根据权利要求9所述的用途,其中生育酚磷酸酯是γ-生育酚磷酸酯。
12.根据权利要求9所述的用途,其中生育酚磷酸酯的药理学上可接受的盐是生育酚磷酸酯的碱金属盐。
13.用于改善肤色的方法,其包括将有效剂量的下式(1)所示的生育酚磷酸酯、其药理学上可接受的盐或其溶剂合物施用至需要治疗的患者:
[在该式中,R1、R2和R3各自独立地表示氢原子或甲基基团]。
14.根据权利要求13所述的用于改善肤色的方法,其中生育酚磷酸酯是α-生育酚磷酸酯。
15.根据权利要求13所述的用于改善肤色的方法,其中生育酚磷酸酯是γ-生育酚磷酸酯。
16.根据权利要求13所述的用于改善肤色的方法,其中生育酚磷酸酯的药理学上可接受的盐是生育酚磷酸酯的碱金属盐。
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