CN106561399A - Ecological planting method of selenium-enriched apples - Google Patents
Ecological planting method of selenium-enriched apples Download PDFInfo
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- CN106561399A CN106561399A CN201611023728.1A CN201611023728A CN106561399A CN 106561399 A CN106561399 A CN 106561399A CN 201611023728 A CN201611023728 A CN 201611023728A CN 106561399 A CN106561399 A CN 106561399A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of fruit tree planting, and in particular relates to an ecological planting method of selenium-enriched apples. The method comprises the following steps: S1, choosing a cultivating land; S2, digging planting trenches; S3, selecting seeds; S4, performing field planting of apple seedlings; and S5, performing fermentation management. In a planting process, a selenium-enriched controlled-release fertilizer is applied, and an organic selenium fertilizer, a selenium-enriched inorganic fertilizer and a selenium-enriched amino acid foliage fertilizer are sprayed in combination, so that the selenium content in apples is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to planting fruit trees field, and in particular to a kind of ecology planting method of selenium-enriched apple.
Background technology
Selenium is human body required nutrient daily, with the function of preventing and curing diseases, not only can be to diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovasculars
Disease played the effect preferably prevent, and can also give play to effect of antitoxin sterilizing, strengthens the immunocompetence of human body, anti-aging.
General human body is daily to the minimum 50 μ g of demand of selenium, and it is only 30 μ to pass through the daily ingestion of Se content of investigation China adult
G, also has larger gap from minimum standard.
Selenium is divided into two kinds of vegetable active selenium and inorganic selenium again, and inorganic selenium refers generally to sodium selenite and sodium selenate, includes big
Yeast selenium, the malt selenium of amount inorganic selenium residual, obtains from the byproduct of metal mineral reserves, and inorganic selenium has larger toxicity, and not
Easily absorbed, be not suitable for humans and animals and use.Vegetable active selenium is combined into by bioconversion with amino acid, typically with selenium egg
In the form of propylhomoserin, vegetable active selenium is the selenium source that human and animal allows to use.
Apple (Malus pumila) is rose family Maloideae Malus, and its tree is deciduous tree.The fruit of apple
It is real to be rich in minerals and vitamins, it is one of fruit of people's most often to eat.Therefore, the Se content for increasing apple can improve people
Intake of the body to selenium.
Authorized announcement date is on January 7th, 2015, and Authorization Notice No. is the Chinese invention patent of 103477937B, discloses
A kind of production method of selenium-enriched SOD apple, fertile 5 times using selenium during apple production, per mu of 50 jin or so of total consumption；Using
SOD enzyme preparations 4 times, amount to 500 grams or so；And before bagging, before plucking bag, pluck and be used in mixed way after bag；And every time spraying time exists
Before during the morning 11, when 15 after, avoid the high temperature period at noon；During sprinkling, fine uniform；Meet rain and must respray within 6 hours after spray.This
The method of bright offer improves to a certain extent the content of selenium in apple, but, its Se content is unsatisfactory.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of ecology planting method of selenium-enriched apple, to improve apple in
Se content.
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the technical scheme is that：
A kind of ecology planting method of selenium-enriched apple, comprises the steps：
S1, selection of land：Planting site of the field that selection soil property is fertile, draining is good, illumination is sufficient as apple；
S2, excavation plantation ditch：The plantation ditch that a width of 0.6m, depth are 0.6m is excavated, two kinds of plant ditches are spaced 3～4m, in plantation
1600～2000kg of farm manure is applied as base fertilizer for per mu, in plantation ditch a trace irrigation pipe is laid in ditch；Trace irrigation pipe
Demand automatic water-supply that can be according to apple tree to moisture；
S3, seed selection：Select that wild degree is high, soil suitability is strong, disease resistance is strong, fighting drought and long-life seedling；
S4, apple seedling field planting：By the apple planting seedlings for choosing in plantation ditch, spacing in the rows 2m, in apple seedling root
Selenium-rich Controlled Release Fertilizer is applied, every apple seedling applies 1～2kg, filled and led up to plantation ditch earthing, pour root water；Controlled Release Fertilizer can continue, surely
Surely nutrient is provided for apple seedling；
S5, fertilizing management：Organic selenium fertilizer is sprayed in annual flower bud germination, per mu sprays 3～5% (m/v) organic selenium fertilizers
150～300kg；5～June applies selenium-rich 50～100kg of inorganic fertilizer by per mu of trace irrigation pipe；Per mu of July sprays selenium-rich amino
Sour 200～350kg of foliage fertilizer；Selenium-rich amino acid 250～400kg of foliage fertilizer is applied in fruit expanding period for per mu.
The present invention provide selenium-enriched apple ecology planting method in, it is preferable that the composition of the selenium-rich Controlled Release Fertilizer into
Point weight ratio is, sodium selenite:Boric acid:Iron ammonium sulfate:Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid:Ammonium molybdate:Zinc sulfate:Copper sulphate=10:7:
12:9:0.5:1:0.3。
In the ecology planting method of the selenium-enriched apple that the present invention is provided, it is preferable that the coating of described selenium-rich Controlled Release Fertilizer
For one or more in paraffin, palm wax, cotton wax, rosin, polybutadiene and polybutadiene.
In the ecology planting method of the selenium-enriched apple that the present invention is provided, it is preferable that the organic selenium fertilizer is seleno egg ammonia
Acid or k-selenocarrageenan；It is further preferred that described organic selenium fertilizer is k-selenocarrageenan.
In the ecology planting method of the selenium-enriched apple that the present invention is provided, it is preferable that the composition of described selenium-rich inorganic fertilizer
Weight ratio of constituents is, sodium selenite:Magnesium sulfate:Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate:Urea=1:2:5:10.
In the ecology planting method of the selenium-enriched apple that the present invention is provided, it is preferable that the selenium-rich amino acid foliage fertilizer
Constituent is：Selenomethionine 10～15% (m/v), methionine 8～12% (m/v), valine 7～15% (m/v), sulfuric acid
Zinc 0.01～0.03% (m/v), manganese chloride 0.01～0.05% (m/v), boric acid 0.1～0.2% (m/v), magnesium sulfate 0.2～
0.5% (m/v), coacetylase 0.01～0.03% (m/v), Co-Q10 0.005～0.02% (m/v), balance of water.Inorganic selenium
Have larger toxicity, and be difficult to be absorbed, be not suitable for humans and animals and use, need selenium to be combined with amino acid by bioconversion and
Into Organic Selenium, spraying selenium-rich amino foliage fertilizer can improve the inorganic selenium of plant root absorption and the combination of amino acid, and raising has
The content of machine selenium.
It is that apple seedling continues due to when apple seedling is planted, application of selenium-rich Controlled Release Fertilizer using above-mentioned technical proposal
Stable offer selenium fertilizer；Organic selenium fertilizer is sprayed in apple tree flower bud germination, allows bud to absorb organic selenium fertilizer, in improving apple tree
Se content；Inorganic selenium fertilizer, July and fruit expanding period are applied by trace irrigation pipe in annual 5～June and sprays selenium-rich amino acid blade face
Fertilizer, the amino acid contained in foliage fertilizer can be combined with the inorganic selenium of root absorption, improve the content of Organic Selenium in apple.
Specific embodiment
The specific embodiment of the present invention is described further below.Here is it should be noted that for these enforcements
The explanation of mode is used to help understand the present invention, but does not constitute limitation of the invention.Additionally, invention described below
As long as involved technical characteristic does not constitute each other conflict and just can be mutually combined in each embodiment.
Embodiment 1
A kind of ecology planting method of selenium-enriched apple is present embodiments provided, is comprised the steps：
S1, selection of land：Planting site of the field that selection soil property is fertile, draining is good, illumination is sufficient as apple；
S2, excavation plantation ditch：The plantation ditch that a width of 0.6m, depth are 0.6m is excavated, two kinds of plant ditches are spaced 4m, in plantation ditch
Per mu is applied farm manure 2000kg as base fertilizer, and in plantation ditch a trace irrigation pipe is laid；
S3, seed selection：Select that wild degree is high, soil suitability is strong, disease resistance is strong, fighting drought and long-life seedling；
S4, apple seedling field planting：By the apple planting seedlings for choosing in plantation ditch, spacing in the rows 2m, in apple seedling root
Selenium-rich Controlled Release Fertilizer is applied, every apple seedling applies 1kg, the constituent weight ratio of the selenium-rich Controlled Release Fertilizer is, sodium selenate:Boric acid:Sulfuric acid
Ferrous ammonium:Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid:Ammonium molybdate:Zinc sulfate:Copper sulphate=10:7:12:9:0.5:1:0.3, coating is paraffin；To kind
Plant ditch earthing to fill and lead up, pour root water；
S5, fertilizing management：Selenomethionine is sprayed in annual flower bud germination, per mu sprays 5% (m/v) selenomethionine
Solution 200kg；5～June applies selenium-rich inorganic fertilizer 100kg, the constituent weight of the selenium-rich inorganic fertilizer by per mu of trace irrigation pipe
Measuring ratio is, sodium selenite:Magnesium sulfate:Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate:Urea=1:2:5:10；Per mu of July sprays selenium-rich amino acid foliage fertilizer
300kg；In fruit expanding period selenium-rich amino acid foliage fertilizer 400kg.The constituent of selenium-rich amino acid foliage fertilizer is：Seleno egg ammonia
10% (m/v) of acid, methionine 12% (m/v), valine 7% (m/v), zinc sulfate 0.02% (m/v), (m/ of manganese chloride 0.05%
V), boric acid 0.1% (m/v), magnesium sulfate 0.5% (m/v), coacetylase 0.01% (m/v), Co-Q10 0.01% (m/v), surplus
For water.
Embodiment 2
A kind of ecology planting method of selenium-enriched apple is present embodiments provided, is comprised the steps：
S1, selection of land：Planting site of the field that selection soil property is fertile, draining is good, illumination is sufficient as apple；
S2, excavation plantation ditch：The plantation ditch that a width of 0.6m, depth are 0.6m is excavated, two kinds of plant ditches are spaced 4m, in plantation ditch
Per mu is applied farm manure 1600kg as base fertilizer, and in plantation ditch a trace irrigation pipe is laid；
S3, seed selection：Select that wild degree is high, soil suitability is strong, disease resistance is strong, fighting drought and long-life seedling；
S4, apple seedling field planting：By the apple planting seedlings for choosing in plantation ditch, spacing in the rows 2m, in apple seedling root
Selenium-rich Controlled Release Fertilizer is applied, every apple seedling applies 2kg, the constituent weight ratio of the selenium-rich Controlled Release Fertilizer is, sodium selenate:Boric acid:Sulfuric acid
Ferrous ammonium:Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid:Ammonium molybdate:Zinc sulfate:Copper sulphate=10:7:12:9:0.5:1:0.3, coating is rosin；To kind
Plant ditch earthing to fill and lead up, pour root water；
S5, fertilizing management：Selenomethionine is sprayed in annual flower bud germination, per mu sprays 3% (m/v) selenomethionine
Solution 150kg；5～June applies selenium-rich inorganic fertilizer 50kg, the constituent weight of the selenium-rich inorganic fertilizer by per mu of trace irrigation pipe
Than for sodium selenite:Magnesium sulfate:Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate:Urea=1:2:5:10；Per mu of July sprays selenium-rich amino acid foliage fertilizer
350kg；In fruit expanding period selenium-rich amino acid foliage fertilizer 300kg.The constituent of selenium-rich amino acid foliage fertilizer is：Seleno egg ammonia
15% (m/v) of acid, methionine 8% (m/v), valine 15% (m/v), zinc sulfate 0.01% (m/v), (m/ of manganese chloride 0.01%
V), boric acid 0.2% (m/v), magnesium sulfate 0.2% (m/v), coacetylase 0.03% (m/v), Co-Q10 0.02% (m/v), surplus
For water.
Embodiment 3
A kind of ecology planting method of selenium-enriched apple is present embodiments provided, is comprised the steps：
S1, selection of land：Planting site of the field that selection soil property is fertile, draining is good, illumination is sufficient as apple；
S2, excavation plantation ditch：The plantation ditch that a width of 0.6m, depth are 0.6m is excavated, two kinds of plant ditches are spaced 3m, in plantation ditch
Per mu is applied farm manure 1800kg as base fertilizer, and in plantation ditch a trace irrigation pipe is laid；
S3, seed selection：Select that wild degree is high, soil suitability is strong, disease resistance is strong, fighting drought and long-life seedling；
S4, apple seedling field planting：By the apple planting seedlings for choosing in plantation ditch, spacing in the rows 2m, in apple seedling root
Selenium-rich Controlled Release Fertilizer is applied, every apple seedling applies 1.5kg, the constituent weight ratio of the selenium-rich Controlled Release Fertilizer is, sodium selenate:Boric acid:Sulphur
Sour ferrous ammonium:Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid:Ammonium molybdate:Zinc sulfate:Copper sulphate=10:7:12:9:0.5:1:0.3, coating is polybutadiene
Alkene；Cover flat to plantation ditch, pour root water；
S5, fertilizing management：K-selenocarrageenan is sprayed in annual flower bud germination, per mu sprays 4% (m/v) k-selenocarrageenan
Solution 300kg；5～June applies selenium-rich inorganic fertilizer 80kg, the constituent weight of the selenium-rich inorganic fertilizer by per mu of trace irrigation pipe
Than for sodium selenite:Magnesium sulfate:Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate:Urea=1:2:5:10；Per mu of July sprays selenium-rich amino acid foliage fertilizer
200kg；In fruit expanding period selenium-rich amino acid foliage fertilizer 250kg.The constituent of selenium-rich amino acid foliage fertilizer is：Seleno egg ammonia
12% (m/v) of acid, methionine 10% (m/v), valine 13% (m/v), zinc sulfate 0.03% (m/v), (m/ of manganese chloride 0.02%
V), boric acid 0.2% (m/v), magnesium sulfate 0.3% (m/v), coacetylase 0.015% (m/v), Co-Q10 0.005% (m/v) are remaining
Measure as water.
Embodiment 4
A kind of ecology planting method of selenium-enriched apple is present embodiments provided, is comprised the steps：
S1, selection of land：Planting site of the field that selection soil property is fertile, draining is good, illumination is sufficient as apple；
S2, excavation plantation ditch：The plantation ditch that a width of 0.6m, depth are 0.6m is excavated, two kinds of plant ditches are spaced 3.5m, in plantation ditch
Interior per mu is applied farm manure 1900kg as base fertilizer, and in plantation ditch a trace irrigation pipe is laid；
S3, seed selection：Select that wild degree is high, soil suitability is strong, disease resistance is strong, fighting drought and long-life seedling；
S4, apple seedling field planting：By the apple planting seedlings for choosing in plantation ditch, spacing in the rows 2m, in apple seedling root
Selenium-rich Controlled Release Fertilizer is applied, every apple seedling applies 1.6kg, the constituent weight ratio of the selenium-rich Controlled Release Fertilizer is, sodium selenate:Boric acid:Sulphur
Sour ferrous ammonium:Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid:Ammonium molybdate:Zinc sulfate:Copper sulphate=10:7:12:9:0.5:1:0.3, coating is palm wax；
Fill and lead up to plantation ditch earthing, pour root water；
S5, fertilizing management：K-selenocarrageenan is sprayed in annual flower bud germination, per mu sprays 4% (m/v) k-selenocarrageenan
Solution 300kg；5～June applies selenium-rich inorganic fertilizer 80kg, the constituent weight of the selenium-rich inorganic fertilizer by per mu of trace irrigation pipe
Than for sodium selenite:Magnesium sulfate:Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate:Urea=1:2:5:10；Per mu of July sprays selenium-rich amino acid foliage fertilizer
200kg；In fruit expanding period selenium-rich amino acid foliage fertilizer 250kg.The constituent of selenium-rich amino acid foliage fertilizer is：Seleno egg ammonia
14% (m/v) of acid, methionine 9% (m/v), valine 12% (m/v), zinc sulfate 0.02% (m/v), (m/ of manganese chloride 0.04%
V), boric acid 0.15% (m/v), magnesium sulfate 0.4% (m/v), coacetylase 0.015% (m/v), Co-Q10 0.005% (m/v),
Balance of water.
Embodiment 5
The present embodiment is comparative example, the present embodiment except in the selenium-rich amino acid foliage fertilizer for using without coacetylase and auxiliary
Outside enzyme Q10, other are consistent with embodiment 4.
Embodiment 6
The present embodiment is comparative example, in the present embodiment during apple cultivation, do not use it is any containing selenium fertilizer, other
It is consistent with embodiment 4.
Test example
Se content in apple is detected using the second method (fluorescence method) in GB 5009.93-2010, testing result
It is shown in Table 1.
The testing result of Se content in the apple of table 1.
As seen from the above table, the apple for being obtained by 1～4 kind of plant of embodiment, Se content is significantly higher than embodiment 5, it is seen that auxiliary
Enzyme A and Co-Q10 have obvious action to Se content in raising apple；The apple obtained by 1～4 kind of plant of embodiment, selenium contains
Amount is significantly higher than embodiment 6, it is seen then that the implantation methods that the present invention is provided can significantly improve the Se content in apple.
Embodiments of the present invention are explained in detail above, but the invention is not restricted to described embodiment.It is right
For those skilled in the art, in the case of without departing from the principle of the invention and spirit, these embodiments are carried out many
Plant change, modification, replace and modification, still fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of ecology planting method of selenium-enriched apple, it is characterised in that comprise the steps：
S1, selection of land：Planting site of the field that selection soil property is fertile, draining is good, illumination is sufficient as apple；
S2, excavation plantation ditch：The plantation ditch that a width of 0.6m, depth are 0.6m is excavated, two kinds of plant ditches are spaced 3～4m, in plantation ditch
Per mu is applied 1600～2000kg of farm manure as base fertilizer, and in plantation ditch a trace irrigation pipe is laid；
S3, seed selection：Select that wild degree is high, soil suitability is strong, disease resistance is strong, fighting drought and long-life seedling；
S4, apple seedling field planting：By the apple planting seedlings for choosing in plantation ditch, spacing in the rows 2m applies richness in apple seedling root
Selenium Controlled Release Fertilizer, every apple seedling applies 1～2kg, fills and leads up to plantation ditch earthing, pours root water；
S5, fertilizing management：Spray organic selenium fertilizer in annual flower bud germination, per mu spray 3～5% (m/v) organic selenium fertilizers 150～
300kg；5～June applies selenium-rich 50～100kg of inorganic fertilizer by per mu of trace irrigation pipe；Per mu of July sprays selenium-rich amino acid blade face
200～350kg of fertilizer；Selenium-rich amino acid 250～400kg of foliage fertilizer is applied in fruit expanding period for per mu.
2. the ecology planting method of selenium-enriched apple according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the group of the selenium-rich Controlled Release Fertilizer
It is into weight ratio of constituents, sodium selenite:Boric acid:Iron ammonium sulfate:Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid:Ammonium molybdate:Zinc sulfate:Copper sulphate=
10:7:12:9:0.5:1:0.3。
3. the ecology planting method of selenium-enriched apple according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that described selenium-rich controlled release
The coating of fertilizer is one or more in paraffin, palm wax, cotton wax, rosin, polybutadiene and polybutadiene.
4. the ecology planting method of selenium-enriched apple according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the organic selenium fertilizer is seleno
Methionine or k-selenocarrageenan.
5. the ecology planting method of selenium-enriched apple according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described organic selenium fertilizer is selenium
Acid esters polysaccharide.
6. the ecology planting method of selenium-enriched apple according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described selenium-rich inorganic fertilizer
Constituent weight ratio is, sodium selenite:Magnesium sulfate:Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate:Urea=1:2:5:10.
7. the ecology planting method of selenium-enriched apple according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the selenium-rich amino acid blade face
Fertilizer constituent be：Selenomethionine 10～15% (m/v), methionine 8～12% (m/v), valine 7～15% (m/v),
Zinc sulfate 0.01～0.03% (m/v), manganese chloride 0.01～0.05% (m/v), boric acid 0.1～0.2% (m/v), magnesium sulfate 0.2
～0.5% (m/v), coacetylase 0.01～0.03% (m/v), Co-Q10 0.005～0.02% (m/v), balance of water.
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| CN107637362A (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2018-01-30 | 桐梓县茅石乡龙会村蔬菜种植场 | A kind of apple cultivation method |
| CN108156871A (en) * | 2018-01-26 | 2018-06-15 | 昆明圣然农业种植有限公司 | A kind of ecology planting method of red Chinese pear |
| CN110073875A (en) * | 2019-03-18 | 2019-08-02 | 田阳县鲜达康果蔬专业合作社 | A kind of high-yield planting method of selenium-rich mango |
| CN110583386A (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2019-12-20 | 六安市裕安区荣伟蔬菜种植专业合作社 | Selenium-rich pepper planting method |
| CN110922262A (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-03-27 | 江苏凯帝农业科技发展有限公司 | Nutrient for promoting growth of green fruit plants and preparation method thereof |
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| CN113875485A (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2022-01-04 | 通渭县鑫旺林果专业合作社 | In-situ cultivation method of apple saplings |
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