CN106560507A - 一种环境友好型极压切削油的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种环境友好型极压切削油的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106560507A
CN106560507A CN201610904602.9A CN201610904602A CN106560507A CN 106560507 A CN106560507 A CN 106560507A CN 201610904602 A CN201610904602 A CN 201610904602A CN 106560507 A CN106560507 A CN 106560507A
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陈维玉
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Shenzhen Yutian Lubricant Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种环境友好型极压切削油的制备方法。本发明采用改性菜子油代替矿物油作基础油,并以此代替动植物油脂作极压切削油的油性剂,降低了切削油的粘度,提高了切削油的闪点,减少金属切削时的油烟。同时由于采用改性菜子油作基础油使油性剂的占有量大幅提高,切削油的润滑性有显著改善,与少量磷酸酯配合,就可以替代现有极压剂氯化石蜡,再加入部分含活性硫的极压添加剂,其极压润滑性就可以达到目前普遍使用的含硫、磷、氯极压剂的极压切削油水平。由上述所配制的本发明极压切削油由于采用改性菜子油作基础油,可以生物降解,同时不含对环境污染大的氯化石蜡极压剂,具备低粘度、高闪点,降低了切削油的烟雾污染,并提供了切削油的抗氧化性能,延长了切削油的换油周期,是一种环境友好型的极压切削油。

Description

一种环境友好型极压切削油的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种金属切削油,特别涉及一种对环境友好型的极压切削油的制备方法。
背景技术
极压切削油是一种以矿物油为基础加入油性添加剂和极压添加剂,具有良好极压润滑性,可满足不锈钢、耐热合金等难切削材料的切削加工及拉削、攻牙等苛刻工艺加工的冷却、润滑要求的切削油。目前机械行业使用的极压切削油普遍存在下列三个问题:一,当前使用的极压切削油一般都采用氯化石蜡作为极压切削油极压添加剂之一。氯化石蜡由于极压性能好,价格便宜,在极压切削的应用十分成功。近年来国际上对环境保护愈来愈严格,许多国家已限制氯化石蜡的使用。据相关文献报道,在燃烧含氯化石蜡的废切削油时,会生成高毒的二噁英,对环境污染严重。我国近年来也有越来越多的机械加工企业在购买金属加工油液时,指明不使用含氯化物的切削油液;二,许多极压切削油所使用的油性添加剂为植物油脂,这些油脂都含有不饱和健的化学结构,容易氧化变质,导致切削油酸值增加,产生胶状物,堵塞过滤网,机床部件产生锈蚀和黄袍,影响机床的加工精度和加工效率,并缩短切削油的使用寿命;三,目前极压切削油使用矿物油作基础油,矿物油不能生物降解,对废油处理比较麻烦,同时在配制低粘度的极压切削油时,使用低粘度矿物油的闪点低,在切削时油烟雾大,对加工环境污染较大。纵上所述,开发一种不含氯化物、抗氧化性能好、使用寿命长,对环境低污染的极压切削油是十分必要的。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种对环境友好的极压切削油的制备方法。本发明提供的环境友好极压切削油不含重金属,特别不含对环境污染严重的氯化石蜡极压剂,采用改性菜子油作为基础油,既可生物降解,又是一种抗氧化性能较好的油性添加剂,以高活性硫极压添加剂和磷酸酯极压添加剂复合,可配制成低粘度、高闪点、抗氧化性能好、使用寿命长、对环境污染低、极压润滑性高的环境友好型极压切削油。
一种环境友好型极压切削油通过以下技术方案实现,各组份以重量百分比组成(以制备100g产品计):
1、基础油 80-90%
2、高活性硫极压添加剂 3-10%
3、极压促进剂 2-6%
4、磷酸酯抗磨添加剂 2-4%
5、抗氧化添加剂 0.2-0.5%
6、消烟剂 0.5-1.0%
所述基础油为改性菜子油,植物油是可再生资源、具有易生物降解、润滑性好、粘度指数高等优点,但其氧化稳定性和低温流动性差,限制了植物油在润滑油领域的使用。近年来,限着石油资源的逐步减少,对可再生资源植物油的利用研究逐步受到重视。本发明所用的基础油就是将菜子油环氧化消除其双键提高氧化稳定性,再用乙醇酯化,改变其流变性能和提高润滑性,使之适合作润滑油使用。表1为乙醇改性菜子油的技术指标对比。
表1、乙醇改性菜子油的技术指标对比
基础油 粘度(40℃)(m㎡/S 粘度指数 摩擦系数 四球机PB值(N) 氧化诱导期(min) 倾点(℃) 闪点(℃)
乙醇改性菜子油 17.93 117 0.072 646.8 95 -11 210
菜籽油 38 206 0.073 597.8 10 -18 205
矿物油(150SN) 32.16 80 1.130 392 34 -10 190
从表1看出,乙醇改性菜子油的氧化安定性较菜籽油有大幅度提高,而粘度比菜子油小一半,闪点仍高于菜籽油,这对提高切削油的冷却性,减少切削油的烟雾,改善操作环境十分有利。而与矿物油基础油相比,各项指标优于矿物油。
所述高活性硫极压添加剂为二烃基五硫化物,硫化烯烃等,活性硫含量大于35%。
所述极压促进剂又称PEP添加剂,即高碱磺酸钙,与活性硫极压剂复合可配制成具有特高载荷能力的金属加工油,已有厂家用该剂与活性硫极压剂配合使用代替含氯极压剂。
所述磷酸酯抗磨剂即磷酸三甲酚酯,无刺激性气味,抗磨效果好,价格相对便宜。
所述抗氧化添加剂为酚类和胺类抗氧剂。
所述消烟剂为高分子量的聚异丁烯。
一种制备环境友好型极压切削油的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)乙醇改性菜籽油的制备;
用市售环氧菜子油在催化剂浓硫酸作用下加入乙醇进行酯化反应至油的环氧值为零为终点,反应物经碱洗、萃取。减压脱溶剂得到乙醇改性菜子油最终产品;
(2)用少量乙醇改性菜子油加入抗氧化添加剂和消烟剂,搅拌下升温至80℃,搅拌至二种添加剂全溶;
(3)产品调合:在烧杯中,加入剩余基础油,加入已溶好的抗氧剂和消烟剂,高活性硫极压剂,极压促进剂及磷酸酯抗磨添加剂,搅拌20分钟;
(4)产品抽样检查,符合产品质量后,配制结束。
本发明的产品质量指标见表2.
表2、本发明的环保极压切削油质量指标
项目 质量指标 试验方法
外观 棕色透明液 目测
闪点(开口)℃ ≥210 GB/T26
运动粘度,m㎡/S(40℃) 18-22 GB/T265
腐蚀试验(100 ℃+-2℃) 钢片 合格 GB/T391
腐蚀试验(100 ℃+-2℃)紫铜片 3-4 GB/T391
最大无卡咬负荷PB,N ≥784 GB/T3142
烧结负荷,PD,N ≥7840 GB/T3142
高稳定性,150℃,8h 轻微变色,无析出 自定
本发明与市售极压切削油相比,有如下优点:
(1)不含氯系极压添加剂,不含重金属,符合环保要求。
(2)粘度小,闪点高,减少了切削加工时的烟雾污染,改善了操作环境。
(3)本发明用改性菜子油作基础油和油性剂,既保留了菜子油的高润滑性,又消除了菜子油的不饱和结构,提高了切削油的氧化稳定性和高温稳定性,延长了切削油的换油周期,节省了能源。
(4)本发明的切削油80%以上可生物降解,大大简化了废液的处理过程,降低了废油对环境的污染。
(5)本发明由于使用了无氯的极压添加剂,消除了切削时由于氯化物高温分解析放出氯离子对机床金属腐蚀的隐患,延长了机床的使用寿命。
(6)本发明采用的基础油和油性润滑剂为可再生能源,随着石油资源的逐步减少至消失,开发利用可再生资源将是今后润滑油的发展趋势。
具体实施方式
实施例1
(1)乙醇改性菜子油的制备;
在一个三口烧杯中加入250g的环氧菜籽油,搅拌下加入一定量的浓硫酸和工业酒精,在温度40-50℃下搅拌反应,三口瓶装有酒精冷却回流管,反应至油样环氧值为0,即为反应终点,将反应产物经碱洗、萃取、减压脱溶剂,得到最终产品改性菜籽油,作为基油和油性添加剂备用。
(2)在50ML的烧杯中加入10g的上述合成的改性菜籽油,升温到80℃,恒温下搅拌加入0.2g的酚类抗氧剂2.6一二叔丁基对甲酚和0.6g分子量100000的聚异丁烯消烟剂,搅拌至全溶,停止加热,再加入0.2g的液态辛基/丁基二苯胺高温抗氧剂搅拌均匀。
(3)产品调合:在烧杯中加入剩余基础油78g,加入已溶好的基础油,抗氧剂,消烟剂溶液11g,高活性硫极压添加剂二烃基五硫化物5g,极压促进剂4g,磷酸酯抗磨极压剂2g,搅拌20分钟。
(4)产品按本发明的环保极压切削油质量指标,进行质量检测,达到质量指标,即可作为环保型极压切削油用于难切削金属材料及苛刻条件下的切削加工。
实施例2
(1)和(2)两项制备方法同实施例1.
(3)产品调合:在烧杯中加入剩余基础油75g,加入已溶好的基础油、抗氧剂、消烟剂溶液11g,高活性硫极压添加剂6g,极压促进剂5g,磷酸酯抗磨极压剂3g,搅拌20分钟、
(4)质量检查:同实施例1。
实施例3
(2)1)和2)两项制备方法同实施例1.
(3)产品调合:在烧杯中加入剩余基础油 65g,加入已溶好基础油、抗氧剂、消烟剂溶液11g,高活性硫极压添加剂4g,极压促进剂6g,磷酸酯抗磨极压剂4g,极压促进剂6g,磷酸酯抗磨极压剂4g,搅拌20分钟。
(4)质量检查:同实施例1。

Claims (10)

1.一种环保型极压切削油,其特征在于由以下材料按重量组成:
①、基础油 80-90%
②、高活性硫极压添加剂 3-10%
③、极压促进剂 2-6%
④、磷酸酯抗磨添加剂 2-4%
⑤、抗氧化添加剂 0.2-0.5%
⑥、消烟剂 0.5-1.0%
根据权利要求1所述的一种环保型极压切削油,其特征在于所述基础油为市面所售的环氧菜籽油用乙醇酯化的粘度为18-22m㎡/S的改性菜籽油。
2.根据权利要求2所述的一种环保型极压切削油,其特征在于所述高活性硫极压添加剂为二烃基五硫化物和硫化烯烃,活性硫含量大于35%。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种 环保型极压切削油,其特征在于所述极压促进剂为总碱值大于280mgKOH/g的高碱硫酸钙外。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种环保型极压切削油,其特性在于所述磷酸酯抗磨极压剂为一种无色透明的磷酸三甲酚酯。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种环保型极压切削油,抗氧化添加剂为酚类抗氧剂2.6二叔对甲酚和胺类抗氧剂辛基/丁基二苯胺高温抗氧剂。
6.根据权利要求2所述的一种环保型极压切削油,消烟剂为分子量100000的高分子聚异丁烯。
7.根据权利要求1-7所述的一种环保型极压切削油的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
⑴、乙醇改性菜籽油的制备:
在一个三口烧瓶中加入环氧菜籽油,搅拌下加入一定量的浓硫酸和工业酒精,在温度40-50℃下搅拌反应至油样环氧值为零为反应终点,将反应产物经碱洗、萃取、减压脱溶剂,得到最终产品改性菜籽油。
8.用部分改性菜籽油加热至80℃,加入抗氧剂和消烟剂,搅拌至全溶。
9.按配方比例将改性菜籽油,高活性硫极压添加剂,极压促进剂,磷酸酯抗磨添加剂,抗氧化添加剂,消烟剂混合搅拌20分钟,经检验合格既可。
10.根据权利要求1-7所述的一种环保型极压切削油作为金属极压切削油使用。
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CN117603751A (zh) * 2023-11-30 2024-02-27 东莞太平洋博高润滑油有限公司 一种长寿命环保型成型加工切削油及其制备方法
CN117603751B (zh) * 2023-11-30 2024-05-07 东莞太平洋博高润滑油有限公司 一种长寿命环保型成型加工切削油及其制备方法

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