CN106551943A - 含有螺甾烷化合物的组合物及其用途 - Google Patents
含有螺甾烷化合物的组合物及其用途 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106551943A CN106551943A CN201510640941.6A CN201510640941A CN106551943A CN 106551943 A CN106551943 A CN 106551943A CN 201510640941 A CN201510640941 A CN 201510640941A CN 106551943 A CN106551943 A CN 106551943A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- formula
- compound
- compositionss
- berberine
- alkoxyls
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- -1 spirostane compound Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- QISXPYZVZJBNDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N berberine Natural products COc1ccc2C=C3N(Cc2c1OC)C=Cc4cc5OCOc5cc34 QISXPYZVZJBNDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 229940093265 berberine Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- YBHILYKTIRIUTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N berberine Chemical compound C1=C2CC[N+]3=CC4=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=C4C=C3C2=CC2=C1OCO2 YBHILYKTIRIUTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 208000031226 Hyperlipidaemia Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- 206010012601 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 claims description 60
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 38
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000003147 glycosyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000000000 cycloalkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims 6
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 57
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 abstract description 57
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 abstract description 52
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 abstract description 52
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 abstract description 20
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 17
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 73
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 56
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 40
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 37
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 32
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 27
- WQLVFSAGQJTQCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diosgenin Natural products CC1C(C2(CCC3C4(C)CCC(O)CC4=CCC3C2C2)C)C2OC11CCC(C)CO1 WQLVFSAGQJTQCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 21
- NWMIYTWHUDFRPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sapogenin Natural products COC(=O)C1(CO)C(O)CCC2(C)C1CCC3(C)C2CC=C4C5C(C)(O)C(C)CCC5(CCC34C)C(=O)O NWMIYTWHUDFRPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 244000261559 Smilax china Species 0.000 description 20
- 235000000485 Smilax china Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- NOESYZHRGYRDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N insulin Chemical compound N1C(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)CN)C(C)CC)CSSCC(C(NC(CO)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)NC(CCC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)NC(CSSCC(NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C(CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC=2NC=NC=2)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)CNC2=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)C(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC=CC=3)C(=O)NC(CC=3C=CC(O)=CC=3)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)N3C(CCC3)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(C)C(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(O)=O)=O)NC(=O)C(C(C)CC)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(C(C)O)NC(=O)C1CSSCC2NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(N)CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(C)C)CC1=CN=CN1 NOESYZHRGYRDHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229960004756 ethanol Drugs 0.000 description 16
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 13
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 12
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 12
- VKJGBAJNNALVAV-UHFFFAOYSA-M Berberine chloride (TN) Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=C2CC[N+]3=CC4=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=C4C=C3C2=CC2=C1OCO2 VKJGBAJNNALVAV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 11
- 102000007330 LDL Lipoproteins Human genes 0.000 description 11
- 108010007622 LDL Lipoproteins Proteins 0.000 description 11
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 11
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- GMBQZIIUCVWOCD-WWASVFFGSA-N Sarsapogenine Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@]2(CC[C@@H]3[C@@]4(C)CC[C@H](O)C[C@H]4CC[C@H]3[C@@H]2C1)C)[C@@H]1C)[C@]11CC[C@H](C)CO1 GMBQZIIUCVWOCD-WWASVFFGSA-N 0.000 description 10
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 10
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 102000004877 Insulin Human genes 0.000 description 9
- 108090001061 Insulin Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000010171 animal model Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000002218 hypoglycaemic effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229940125396 insulin Drugs 0.000 description 9
- 239000012567 medical material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229930182490 saponin Natural products 0.000 description 9
- 150000007949 saponins Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 235000017709 saponins Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N Dimethyl sulfoxide Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])([2H])S(=O)C([2H])([2H])[2H] IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 241001597008 Nomeidae Species 0.000 description 8
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 8
- PTOJXIKSKSASRB-UHFFFAOYSA-O candicine Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PTOJXIKSKSASRB-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylene chloride Substances ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 7
- 241000699666 Mus <mouse, genus> Species 0.000 description 7
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 7
- IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;hydrate Chemical compound O.CCO IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 6
- MXTLAHSTUOXGQF-UHFFFAOYSA-O Jatrorrhizine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C2C=C3C(C=C(C(=C4)O)OC)=C4CC[N+]3=CC2=C1OC MXTLAHSTUOXGQF-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 6
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical class OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RTMWIZOXNKJHRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tigogenin Natural products CC1COC2CC(C)(OC12)C3CCC4C5CCC6CC(O)CCC6(C)C5CCC34C RTMWIZOXNKJHRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 6
- FWCXELAAYFYCSR-XTOHQWFCSA-N (1R,2S,4S,5'S,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,15S,16R,18R)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-15,16-diol Chemical compound C[C@H]1[C@H]2[C@H](C[C@H]3[C@@H]4CC[C@@H]5C[C@H]([C@H](C[C@]5(C)[C@H]4CC[C@]23C)O)O)O[C@]11CC[C@H](C)CO1 FWCXELAAYFYCSR-XTOHQWFCSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 241000605445 Anemarrhena asphodeloides Species 0.000 description 5
- FWCXELAAYFYCSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Episamogenin Natural products CC1C(C2(CCC3C4(C)CC(O)C(O)CC4CCC3C2C2)C)C2OC11CCC(C)CO1 FWCXELAAYFYCSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PTPHDVKWAYIFRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palmatine Natural products C1C2=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=C2C=C2N1CCC1=C2C=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 PTPHDVKWAYIFRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 240000005373 Panax quinquefolius Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- RBBVPNQTBKHOEQ-KKSFZXQISA-O Phellodendrine Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(OC)=C(O)C=C2[C@H]2[N@+]1(C)CC(C=C(C(=C1)O)OC)=C1C2 RBBVPNQTBKHOEQ-KKSFZXQISA-O 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- DWCSNWXARWMZTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trigonegenin A Natural products CC1C(C2(CCC3C4(C)CCC(O)C=C4CCC3C2C2)C)C2OC11CCC(C)CO1 DWCSNWXARWMZTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- WQLVFSAGQJTQCK-VKROHFNGSA-N diosgenin Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@]2(CC[C@@H]3[C@@]4(C)CC[C@H](O)CC4=CC[C@H]3[C@@H]2C1)C)[C@@H]1C)[C@]11CC[C@@H](C)CO1 WQLVFSAGQJTQCK-VKROHFNGSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- QUCQEUCGKKTEBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palmatine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C2C=C(C3=C(C=C(C(=C3)OC)OC)CC3)[N+]3=CC2=C1OC QUCQEUCGKKTEBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000001397 quillaja saponaria molina bark Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 5
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229960001866 silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 5
- VQMZQKBLIKANMK-IKFJEIPGSA-N (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(1R,2S,4S,5'S,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,16S,18R)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(1S,2R,4R,5'S,6R,7R,8S,9S,12R,13S,16R,18S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol Chemical compound C[C@H]1CC[C@@]2([C@@H]([C@@H]3[C@H](O2)C[C@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@H]4CC[C@@H]6[C@@]5(CC[C@H](C6)O[C@H]7[C@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O7)CO)O)O)O[C@H]8[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O8)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C)OC1.C[C@H]1CC[C@@]2([C@H]([C@H]3[C@@H](O2)C[C@@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@H]5[C@H]4CC[C@H]6[C@@]5(CC[C@@H](C6)O[C@H]7[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O7)CO)O)O)O[C@H]8[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O8)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C)OC1 VQMZQKBLIKANMK-IKFJEIPGSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-ZETCQYMHSA-N (D)-(+)-Pantothenic acid Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCC(O)=O GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-ZETCQYMHSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000699800 Cricetinae Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000009636 Huang Qi Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 4
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 244000299492 Thespesia populnea Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000009430 Thespesia populnea Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- WORJEOGGNQDSOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroform;methanol Chemical compound OC.ClC(Cl)Cl WORJEOGGNQDSOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003304 gavage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000413 hydrolysate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010829 isocratic elution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000000582 semen Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229930193981 timosaponin Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 208000001072 type 2 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000133570 Berberidaceae Species 0.000 description 3
- 244000235531 Cupressus funebris Species 0.000 description 3
- 241001079007 Phellodendron chinense Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000000692 Student's t-test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000009633 chimonin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035611 feeding Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000002791 glucosyl group Chemical group C1([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O1)CO)* 0.000 description 3
- 241000411851 herbal medicine Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000003642 hunger Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000005325 percolation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000000291 postprandial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008517 radix Trichosanthis Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000037351 starvation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 3
- KOWMJRJXZMEZLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N syringaresinol Chemical compound COC1=C(O)C(OC)=CC(C2C3C(C(OC3)C=3C=C(OC)C(O)=C(OC)C=3)CO2)=C1 KOWMJRJXZMEZLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LVUPFEOCDSHRBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N syringaresinol Natural products COc1cccc(OC)c1C2OCC3C2COC3c4c(OC)cccc4OC LVUPFEOCDSHRBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-WEDXCCLWSA-N (+)-borneol Chemical compound C1C[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@@H]1C2(C)C DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-WEDXCCLWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEAUNWQYYMXIRB-XSHSDMCLSA-N (+)-nyasol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1\C=C/[C@H](C=C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VEAUNWQYYMXIRB-XSHSDMCLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MYEMIGSUACCKND-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methanone Chemical class OC1=CC(OC)=CC(O)=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 MYEMIGSUACCKND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GMBQZIIUCVWOCD-UQHLGXRBSA-N (25R)-5beta-spirostan-3beta-ol Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@]2(CC[C@@H]3[C@@]4(C)CC[C@H](O)C[C@H]4CC[C@H]3[C@@H]2C1)C)[C@@H]1C)[C@]11CC[C@@H](C)CO1 GMBQZIIUCVWOCD-UQHLGXRBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ODIGIKRIUKFKHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (n-propan-2-yloxycarbonylanilino) acetate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)N(OC(C)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODIGIKRIUKFKHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NKOHRVBBQISBSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CC1C(=O)NC(=O)S1 NKOHRVBBQISBSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019890 Amylum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 206010002091 Anaesthesia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000717739 Boswellia sacra Species 0.000 description 2
- 208000024172 Cardiovascular disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chick antidermatitis factor Natural products OCC(C)(C)C(O)C(=O)NCCC(O)=O GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000089795 Clausena lansium Species 0.000 description 2
- 244000293323 Cosmos caudatus Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000005956 Cosmos caudatus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- SBTUXKUOKIGYCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Desgalactotigonin Natural products CC1CCC2(OC1)OC3CC4C5CCC6CC(CCC6(C)C5CCC4(C)C3C2C)OC7OC(CO)C(OC8OC(CO)C(OC9OCC(O)C(O)C9O)C(O)C8OC%10OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C%10O)C(O)C7O SBTUXKUOKIGYCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000032928 Dyslipidaemia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 240000008620 Fagopyrum esculentum Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000009419 Fagopyrum esculentum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000628997 Flos Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000004863 Frankincense Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- DTHNMHAUYICORS-KTKZVXAJSA-N Glucagon-like peptide 1 Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC=1N=CNC=1)[C@@H](C)O)[C@@H](C)O)C(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 DTHNMHAUYICORS-KTKZVXAJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerol Natural products OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000153234 Hibiscus abelmoschus Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 208000013016 Hypoglycemia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PIWKPBJCKXDKJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoflurane Chemical compound FC(F)OC(Cl)C(F)(F)F PIWKPBJCKXDKJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000234280 Liliaceae Species 0.000 description 2
- 208000017170 Lipid metabolism disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000001145 Metabolic Syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241001057584 Myrrha Species 0.000 description 2
- DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nicotinamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 102100040918 Pro-glucagon Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010009736 Protein Hydrolysates Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001093501 Rutaceae Species 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical class [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 2
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940100389 Sulfonylurea Drugs 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- MMTWXUQMLQGAPC-YXOKLLKRSA-N Timosaponin A-III Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1C[C@H]2CC[C@H]3[C@@H]4C[C@H]5[C@@H]([C@]4(CC[C@@H]3[C@@]2(C)CC1)C)[C@@H]([C@]1(OC[C@@H](C)CC1)O5)C)[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O MMTWXUQMLQGAPC-YXOKLLKRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SORUXVRKWOHYEO-FRUGGTEYSA-N Timosaponin b ii Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1C[C@H]2CC[C@H]3[C@@H]4C[C@@H]5OC([C@H]([C@@H]5[C@@]4(C)CC[C@@H]3[C@@]2(C)CC1)C)(O)CC[C@H](C)CO[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1)O)[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O SORUXVRKWOHYEO-FRUGGTEYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DRUIESSIVFYOMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroacetonitrile Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)C#N DRUIESSIVFYOMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 201000000690 abdominal obesity-metabolic syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 2
- YFHNDHXQDJQEEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;hydrazine Chemical compound NN.CC(O)=O YFHNDHXQDJQEEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- HIMXGTXNXJYFGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N alloxan Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C(=O)C(=O)N1 HIMXGTXNXJYFGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000037005 anaesthesia Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000202 analgesic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- PASDCCFISLVPSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 PASDCCFISLVPSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FDABVSXGAMFQQH-XZWHSSHBSA-N berbamunine Chemical compound CN1CCC2=CC(OC)=C(O)C=C2[C@H]1CC1=CC=C(O)C(OC2=CC=C(C=C2)C[C@@H]2N(C)CCC=3C=C(C(=CC=32)O)OC)=C1 FDABVSXGAMFQQH-XZWHSSHBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003836 berberines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000144987 brood Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001669 calcium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1O YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003729 cation exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- JUFFVKRROAPVBI-PVOYSMBESA-N chembl1210015 Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO[C@]3(O[C@@H](C[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO)[C@H](NC(C)=O)[C@@H](O)C3)C(O)=O)O2)O)[C@@H](CO)O1)NC(C)=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCSC)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC=1NC=NC=1)[C@@H](C)O)[C@@H](C)O)C(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 JUFFVKRROAPVBI-PVOYSMBESA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000001684 chronic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000020832 chronic kidney disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000022831 chronic renal failure syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- BJNQXJIQCPPOHN-NUKVSUKUSA-N degalactotigonin Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]([C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1)O)O[C@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)O)O[C@@H]1C[C@@H]2CC[C@H]3[C@@H]4C[C@H]5[C@@H]([C@]4(CC[C@@H]3[C@@]2(C)CC1)C)[C@@H]([C@]1(OC[C@H](C)CC1)O5)C)[C@@H]1OC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O BJNQXJIQCPPOHN-NUKVSUKUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000935 dehydrated alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000001320 hippocampus Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001976 improved effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960002725 isoflurane Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000007951 isotonicity adjuster Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- AEDDIBAIWPIIBD-ZJKJAXBQSA-N mangiferin Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1C1=C(O)C=C(OC=2C(=CC(O)=C(O)C=2)C2=O)C2=C1O AEDDIBAIWPIIBD-ZJKJAXBQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YWOITFUKFOYODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol;sodium Chemical compound [Na].OC YWOITFUKFOYODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RRIRDPSOCUCGBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenedioxyphenethylamine Chemical compound NCCC1=CC=C2OCOC2=C1 RRIRDPSOCUCGBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010062198 microangiopathy Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002772 monosaccharides Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 201000001119 neuropathy Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000007823 neuropathy Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002674 ointment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000000496 pancreas Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229940055726 pantothenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000019161 pantothenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011713 pantothenic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000033808 peripheral neuropathy Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229920001983 poloxamer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010076 replication Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- KZJWDPNRJALLNS-VJSFXXLFSA-N sitosterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CC[C@@H](CC)C(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 KZJWDPNRJALLNS-VJSFXXLFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- INLFWQCRAJUDCR-LYLBMTSKSA-N spirostane Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@]2(CC[C@@H]3[C@@]4(C)CCCCC4CC[C@H]3[C@@H]2C1)C)[C@@H]1C)[C@]11CC[C@@H](C)CO1 INLFWQCRAJUDCR-LYLBMTSKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 2
- YROXIXLRRCOBKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonylurea Chemical class OC(=N)N=S(=O)=O YROXIXLRRCOBKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- MMTWXUQMLQGAPC-XWIAVXRASA-N timosaponin A-III Natural products C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(OC1)O[C@@H]3C[C@H]4[C@H]5CC[C@@H]6C[C@H](CC[C@]6(C)[C@H]5CC[C@]4(C)[C@@H]3[C@@H]2C)O[C@@H]7O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]7O[C@@H]8O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]8O MMTWXUQMLQGAPC-XWIAVXRASA-N 0.000 description 2
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940126680 traditional chinese medicines Drugs 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FTVLMFQEYACZNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F FTVLMFQEYACZNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- AULWDENWMBJIIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (25R)-2alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-spirostan-3beta-yl O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 2)-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 3)]-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside Natural products O1C2(OCC(C)CC2)C(C)C(C2(CCC3C4(C)CC5O)C)C1CC2C3CCC4CC5OC(C(C1O)O)OC(CO)C1OC(C1OC2C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O2)O)OC(CO)C(O)C1OC1OCC(O)C(O)C1O AULWDENWMBJIIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SQTAVUCHOVVOFD-OBRBSRNPSA-N (25S)-Delta(7)-dafachronic acid Chemical compound C1C(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H](CC[C@@]3([C@@H]([C@@H](CCC[C@H](C)C(O)=O)C)CC[C@H]33)C)C3=CC[C@H]21 SQTAVUCHOVVOFD-OBRBSRNPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VXEVKSKAINMPFG-QWUNSSNDSA-N (2S)-5-[[(5S)-5-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-6-[[(2S)-4-carboxy-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S,3S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[(2S)-1-(carboxymethylamino)-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-6-oxohexyl]amino]-2-(hexadecanoylamino)-5-hydroxypentanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(NCCCC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC2=CNC3=CC=CC=C32)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)NCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC4=CC=C(C=C4)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC5=CC=CC=C5)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC6=CNC=N6)N)O)C(=O)O VXEVKSKAINMPFG-QWUNSSNDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-(methoxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-4,5,6-trimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxane Chemical compound CO[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)[C@@H](COC)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](OC)[C@@H](OC)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)O[C@@H]2COC)OC)O[C@@H]1COC LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SPFMQWBKVUQXJV-BTVCFUMJSA-N (2r,3s,4r,5r)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;hydrate Chemical compound O.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O SPFMQWBKVUQXJV-BTVCFUMJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLRXAIKMLINXQY-ZDUSSCGKSA-O (S)-magnoflorine Chemical compound C1=C(OC)C(O)=C2C3=C(O)C(OC)=CC=C3C[C@@H]3[N+](C)(C)CCC1=C23 YLRXAIKMLINXQY-ZDUSSCGKSA-O 0.000 description 1
- FFRBMBIXVSCUFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dinitro-1-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C2=C1 FFRBMBIXVSCUFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XKTYXVDYIKIYJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3h-dioxole Chemical compound C1OOC=C1 XKTYXVDYIKIYJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCQCHGYLTSGIGX-GHXANHINSA-N 4-[[(3ar,5ar,5br,7ar,9s,11ar,11br,13as)-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-3a-[(5-methylpyridine-3-carbonyl)amino]-2-oxo-1-propan-2-yl-4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a-dodecahydro-3h-cyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-yl]oxy]-2,2-dimethyl-4-oxobutanoic acid Chemical compound N([C@@]12CC[C@@]3(C)[C@]4(C)CC[C@H]5C(C)(C)[C@@H](OC(=O)CC(C)(C)C(O)=O)CC[C@]5(C)[C@H]4CC[C@@H]3C1=C(C(C2)=O)C(C)C)C(=O)C1=CN=CC(C)=C1 QCQCHGYLTSGIGX-GHXANHINSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBVNWTXRFKZNBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-hexylcyclohex-2-en-1-one Chemical compound C1C(CCCCCC)=CC(=O)CC1C1=CC=C(OCO2)C2=C1 JBVNWTXRFKZNBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMRPGWBDLOQHOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-[[9-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-4,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-14-oxo-2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14a-dodecahydro-1H-picen-3-yl]oxy]oxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(O)C(C)OC1OC1C(OC2C(OC(C(O)C2O)C(O)=O)OC2C(C3C(C4C(C5(CCC6(C)C(O)CC(C)(C)CC6C5=CC4=O)C)(C)CC3)(C)CC2)(C)CO)OC(CO)C(O)C1O SMRPGWBDLOQHOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AULWDENWMBJIIQ-KHXIKGBRSA-N 97muo7997g Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]([C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1)O)O[C@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)O)O[C@@H]1C[C@@H]2CC[C@H]3[C@@H]4C[C@H]5[C@@H]([C@]4(CC[C@@H]3[C@@]2(C)C[C@H]1O)C)[C@@H]([C@]1(OC[C@H](C)CC1)O5)C)[C@@H]1OC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O AULWDENWMBJIIQ-KHXIKGBRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 208000010444 Acidosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010088751 Albumins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000009027 Albumins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 244000144725 Amygdalus communis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011437 Amygdalus communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000605447 Anemarrhena Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000272814 Anser sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010003210 Arteriosclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000004429 Bacillary Dysentery Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001407408 Berberis fortunei Species 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940123208 Biguanide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XNCOSPRUTUOJCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Biguanide Chemical compound NC(N)=NC(N)=N XNCOSPRUTUOJCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000255789 Bombyx mori Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- RGZYGIJEMXUPRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1CC1.[Br] Chemical compound C1CC1.[Br] RGZYGIJEMXUPRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MRAGCYCETYZDQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C(C(C1)O2)C(C)(CC3)C1C(CC1)C3C(C)(CC3)C1CC3=[O]=C)C21OCC(C)CC1 Chemical compound CC(C(C(C1)O2)C(C)(CC3)C1C(CC1)C3C(C)(CC3)C1CC3=[O]=C)C21OCC(C)CC1 MRAGCYCETYZDQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001674345 Callitropsis nootkatensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282472 Canis lupus familiaris Species 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000008738 Clausena lansium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010010071 Coma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002785 Croscarmellose sodium Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-mannomethylose Natural products CC1OC(O)C(O)C(O)C1O SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000824 D-ribofuranosyl group Chemical group [H]OC([H])([H])[C@@]1([H])OC([H])(*)[C@]([H])(O[H])[C@]1([H])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- 241000721047 Danaus plexippus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001489978 Eupolyphaga Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010011459 Exenatide Proteins 0.000 description 1
- DVVXPGPLSDJWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N F-gitonin Natural products CC1CCC2(OC1)OC3CC4C5CCC6CC(OC7OC(CO)C(OC8OC(CO)C(OC9OCC(O)C(O)C9O)C(O)C8OC%10OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C%10O)C(O)C7O)C(O)CC6(C)C5CCC4(C)C3C2C DVVXPGPLSDJWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 1
- 101710198884 GATA-type zinc finger protein 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000005577 Gastroenteritis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010017915 Gastroenteritis shigella Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010088406 Glucagon-Like Peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101800000224 Glucagon-like peptide 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000002705 Glucose Intolerance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010018429 Glucose tolerance impaired Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002527 Glycogen Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102000015779 HDL Lipoproteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010010234 HDL Lipoproteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000237903 Hirudo Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000035150 Hypercholesterolemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000009451 Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Coma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010020710 Hyperphagia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010020772 Hypertension Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010021024 Hypolipidaemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010022489 Insulin Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000036770 Islet Amyloid Polypeptide Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010041872 Islet Amyloid Polypeptide Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010023379 Ketoacidosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000007976 Ketosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000012449 Kunming mouse Methods 0.000 description 1
- SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-JFNONXLTSA-N L-rhamnopyranose Chemical compound C[C@@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-JFNONXLTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNNNRSAQSRJVSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N L-rhamnose Natural products CC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O PNNNRSAQSRJVSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-L L-tartrate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-L 0.000 description 1
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lactate Chemical compound CC(O)C([O-])=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VHLJDTBGULNCGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Limonin Natural products CC1(C)OC2CC(=O)OCC23C4CCC5(C)C(CC(=O)C6OC56C4(C)C(=O)CC13)c7cocc7 VHLJDTBGULNCGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KYEAXNAYHSCLMT-CVVGWEDFSA-N Magnoflorine Natural products C[C@H]1OC=C2[C@@H]3[C@@H]1CN4CCc5c([nH]c6ccccc56)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3OC2=O KYEAXNAYHSCLMT-CVVGWEDFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-L Malonate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC([O-])=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 description 1
- YWQSXCGKJDUYTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Mangiferin Natural products CC(CCC=C(C)C)C1CC(C)C2C3CCC4C(C)(C)CCCC45CC35CCC12C YWQSXCGKJDUYTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229920000168 Microcrystalline cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- MTYGOTBQCBXZQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Monomethyl-cis-hinokiresinol Natural products C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C=CC(C=C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 MTYGOTBQCBXZQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000588653 Neisseria Species 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEAUNWQYYMXIRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nyasol Natural products C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C=CC(C=C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VEAUNWQYYMXIRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MAYJEFRPIKEYBL-OASIGRBWSA-N Obacunone Chemical compound C=1([C@@H]2OC(=O)[C@H]3O[C@@]43[C@]3(C)C(=O)C[C@H]5C(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C[C@]5(C)[C@H]3CC[C@]42C)C=COC=1 MAYJEFRPIKEYBL-OASIGRBWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000008589 Obesity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000283973 Oryctolagus cuniculus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001416149 Ovis ammon Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010067035 Pancrelipase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 1
- LRZOQHYSDDJBBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentacosyl vinyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC=C LRZOQHYSDDJBBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000003109 Persicaria chinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010057249 Phagocytosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000972673 Phellodendron amurense Species 0.000 description 1
- RVGRUAULSDPKGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Poloxamer Chemical compound C1CO1.CC1CO1 RVGRUAULSDPKGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000004880 Polyuria Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010037660 Pyrexia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010057190 Respiratory tract infections Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000017442 Retinal disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010038923 Retinopathy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BSUPFYRQXCQGLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruscogenin Natural products CC1CCC2(OC1)OC3C(O)C4C5CC=C6CC(O)CC(O)C6(C)C5CCC4(C)C3C2C BSUPFYRQXCQGLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QMQIQBOGXYYATH-IDABPMKMSA-N Ruscogenin Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@]2(CC[C@@H]3[C@@]4(C)[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)CC4=CC[C@H]3[C@@H]2C1)C)[C@@H]1C)[C@]11CC[C@@H](C)CO1 QMQIQBOGXYYATH-IDABPMKMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000612118 Samolus valerandi Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010039587 Scarlet Fever Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010073771 Soybean Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000191967 Staphylococcus aureus Species 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N Stilbene Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1/C=C/C1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000194017 Streptococcus Species 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241000282898 Sus scrofa Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002253 Tannate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010047700 Vomiting Diseases 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZGBSOTLWHZQNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mg].S(O)(O)(=O)=O Chemical compound [Mg].S(O)(O)(=O)=O ZGBSOTLWHZQNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005903 acid hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007950 acidosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000026545 acidosis disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000023445 activated T cell autonomous cell death Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000215 acute (single dose) toxicity testing Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011047 acute toxicity test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000577 adipose tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000274 adsorptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006136 alcoholysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020224 almond Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UYJXRRSPUVSSMN-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium sulfide Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[S-2] UYJXRRSPUVSSMN-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- FDASUPFDHLZNSK-FCDYBKDVSA-N anemarsaponin e Chemical compound C([C@@H](C)CCC1(OC)[C@H]([C@@H]2[C@@]3(C)CC[C@@H]4[C@@]5(C)CC[C@@H](C[C@H]5CC[C@H]4[C@@H]3C[C@@H]2O1)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1)O)C)O[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O FDASUPFDHLZNSK-FCDYBKDVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010719 annulation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000011775 arteriosclerosis disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000001367 artery Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940072107 ascorbate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940076810 beta sitosterol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LGJMUZUPVCAVPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-Sitostanol Natural products C1CC2CC(O)CCC2(C)C2C1C1CCC(C(C)CCC(CC)C(C)C)C1(C)CC2 LGJMUZUPVCAVPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NJKOMDUNNDKEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-sitosterol Natural products CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2(C)C3CC=C4CC(O)CCC4C3CCC12C)C(C)C NJKOMDUNNDKEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGJZLNKBHJESQX-FZFNOLFKSA-N betulinic acid Chemical compound C1C[C@H](O)C(C)(C)[C@@H]2CC[C@@]3(C)[C@]4(C)CC[C@@]5(C(O)=O)CC[C@@H](C(=C)C)[C@@H]5[C@H]4CC[C@@H]3[C@]21C QGJZLNKBHJESQX-FZFNOLFKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001124 body fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000010839 body fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GZUXJHMPEANEGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromomethane Chemical compound BrC GZUXJHMPEANEGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 description 1
- 125000004106 butoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical class [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium hydrogenphosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP([O-])([O-])=O FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000011132 calcium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002057 carboxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003915 cell function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007265 chloromethylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003759 clinical diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000035850 clinical syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960001681 croscarmellose sodium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010947 crosslinked sodium carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000034994 death Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005202 decontamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003588 decontaminative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019700 dicalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxomagnesium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000002173 dizziness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001647 drug administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012377 drug delivery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000857 drug effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000001848 dysentery Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002526 effect on cardiovascular system Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002532 enzyme inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- QMQIQBOGXYYATH-UHFFFAOYSA-N epiruscogenin Natural products CC1C(C2(CCC3C4(C)C(O)CC(O)CC4=CCC3C2C2)C)C2OC11CCC(C)CO1 QMQIQBOGXYYATH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002481 ethanol extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000469 ethanolic extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229960001519 exenatide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001924 fatty-acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021050 feed intake Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- YMTINGFKWWXKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N fenofibrate Chemical compound C1=CC(OC(C)(C)C(=O)OC(C)C)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 YMTINGFKWWXKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002297 fenofibrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003944 flavone Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002213 flavones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000011949 flavones Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021393 food security Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-L fumarate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C([O-])=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000002519 galactosyl group Chemical group C1([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O1)CO)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002496 gastric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004153 glucose metabolism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930182478 glucoside Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229940096919 glycogen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930182470 glycoside Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002338 glycosides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940116364 hard fat Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013402 health food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002949 hemolytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002402 hexoses Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008172 hydrogenated vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001866 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000001421 hyperglycemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002727 hyperosmolar Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036035 hypolipemia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003914 insulin secretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001990 intravenous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229930013397 isoquinoline alkaloid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000000265 leukocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- KBDSLGBFQAGHBE-MSGMIQHVSA-N limonin Chemical compound C=1([C@H]2[C@]3(C)CC[C@H]4[C@@]([C@@]53O[C@@H]5C(=O)O2)(C)C(=O)C[C@@H]2[C@]34COC(=O)C[C@@H]3OC2(C)C)C=COC=1 KBDSLGBFQAGHBE-MSGMIQHVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000037356 lipid metabolism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000008518 lycium barbarum polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000003265 lymphadenitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940049920 malate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-L malate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C(O)CC([O-])=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940043357 mangiferin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000311 mannosyl group Chemical group C1([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O1)CO)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002398 materia medica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- XZWYZXLIPXDOLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N metformin Chemical compound CN(C)C(=N)NC(N)=N XZWYZXLIPXDOLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003105 metformin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GBMDVOWEEQVZKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol;hydrate Chemical compound O.OC GBMDVOWEEQVZKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940016286 microcrystalline cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019813 microcrystalline cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008108 microcrystalline cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 210000003928 nasal cavity Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000005152 nicotinamide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011570 nicotinamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003966 nicotinamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- VSLDMVSILHVDSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N obacunone Natural products CC1(C)OC(=O)C=CC2(C)C1CC(=O)C3(C)C2CCC4(C)C(OC(=O)C5OC345)c6occc6 VSLDMVSILHVDSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000020824 obesity Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007410 oral glucose tolerance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000915 pathological change Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000036285 pathological change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001575 pathological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- MWMPEAHGUXCSMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentacosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O MWMPEAHGUXCSMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002972 pentoses Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008447 perception Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008782 phagocytosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid Substances OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000502 poloxamer Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001184 polypeptide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000022530 polyphagia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940098458 powder spray Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002685 pulmonary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000008128 pulmonary tuberculosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- OYSBZLVHMPNJMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1.OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 OYSBZLVHMPNJMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001525 retina Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940109990 ruscogenin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000009286 sanguis draxonis Substances 0.000 description 1
- PPRSVUXPYPBULA-UHFFFAOYSA-N saponin A Natural products CC1(C)CCC2(CCC3(C)C(=CCC4C5(C)CCC(OC6OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C6=O)C(C)(C)C5CCC34C)C2C1)C(=O)O PPRSVUXPYPBULA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000005113 shigellosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950005143 sitosterol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950002323 smilagenin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MMTWXUQMLQGAPC-ZKXXMABPSA-N smilageninoside Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1OC1CC2CCC3C4C[C@H]5[C@@H]([C@]4(CCC3[C@@]2(C)CC1)C)[C@@H](C1(OC[C@H](C)CC1)O5)C)[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O MMTWXUQMLQGAPC-ZKXXMABPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015424 sodium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019710 soybean protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021286 stilbenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000829 suppository Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013268 sustained release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012730 sustained-release form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003538 tetroses Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035922 thirst Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001256 tonic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950004288 tosilate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003641 trioses Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JFJZZMVDLULRGK-URLMMPGGSA-O tubocurarine Chemical compound C([C@H]1[N+](C)(C)CCC=2C=C(C(=C(OC3=CC=C(C=C3)C[C@H]3C=4C=C(C(=CC=4CCN3C)OC)O3)C=21)O)OC)C1=CC=C(O)C3=C1 JFJZZMVDLULRGK-URLMMPGGSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001215 vagina Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- ABDKAPXRBAPSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N veratrole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1OC ABDKAPXRBAPSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008673 vomiting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000969 xylosyl group Chemical group C1([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO1)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/56—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids
- A61K31/58—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids containing heterocyclic rings, e.g. danazol, stanozolol, pancuronium or digitogenin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/4353—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/4375—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems the heterocyclic ring system containing a six-membered ring having nitrogen as a ring heteroatom, e.g. quinolizines, naphthyridines, berberine, vincamine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
一种含有螺甾烷化合物的组合物,其包含小檗碱或其可药用盐与螺甾烷化合物或其可药用盐,各成分以两种成分总重量计的重量百分含量为:螺甾烷化合物或其可药用盐10%~80%,小檗碱或其可药用盐20%~90%。经动物实验证明,本发明组合物的毒副作用显著下降,并能快速有效地降低Ⅱ型糖尿病动物的血糖和高血脂动物的血脂水平。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种含有螺甾烷化合物的组合物,尤其涉及一种包含小檗碱或其可药用盐与知母螺甾烷化合物或其可药用盐的组合物,不仅能显著降低血糖和高血脂,而且能显著降低毒副作用,以及其作为活性成分在预防和治疗糖尿病和高血脂组合物中的应用。
背景技术
糖尿病(Diabetes Mellitus,DM)是一种因体内胰岛素绝对或者相对不足所导致的一系列临床综合症。该病在发展进程中还会引起一些并发症,如:低血糖症(Hypoglycemia)、酮症酸中毒(Ketoacidosis)、非酮高渗性昏迷(Nonketotic Hyperosmolar Coma)、心血管疾病、慢性肾衰竭、视网膜病变、神经病变及微血管病变等。糖尿病治疗常用的药物主要有三大类:生物药类,如:胰岛素(Insulin);化学药,如:磺酰脲类(Sulfonylurea)、双胍类(Biguanide)、格列酮类(Glitazone)和中成药类。限于目前尚没有较为成熟的胰岛素非注射给药技术,其使用仍以注射为主,且注射过程也存在安全性风险。化学类药物虽具有较强的降血糖作用,但对肝、肾等毒副作用大,还容易导致心血管并发症加重。此外,还有一些药物,如:胰高血糖素类多肽(Glucagon-like peptide 1,GLP-1)、脂酰基化胰高血糖素类多肽(NN2211,NovoNordisk)、Exendin-4(Amylin)和聚乙二醇修饰的Exendin-4(中国发明专利申请00809516.7)等,长期给药后虽能有效控制血糖、降低糖化血红蛋白HbA1c数值和改善β胰岛细胞功能,但由于这些分子还同样作用于中枢神经受体,所以给药后呕吐和眩晕的症状较难避免,且给药方式仍以注射为主。另一类DPPⅣ酶抑制剂,虽能口服,但其将对生物体内的一大类酶均产生抑制作用,从而会使体内脂肪分布发生变化,且给药的实际效果也相对较差。
知母为百合科(Liliaceae)植物知母(Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge)的根茎,具有滋阴降火、润燥滑肠的功效,中医临床多用于消渴证。知母药用以单位知母饮片或与其它中药配伍后煎煮或熬煮为主。中药材知母中含知母皂甙(苷)(timosaponin)A-Ⅰ、A-Ⅱ、A-Ⅲ、A-Ⅳ、B-Ⅰ、B-Ⅱ和B-Ⅲ,其中,知母皂甙A-Ⅱ、A-Ⅳ结构尚不明。以及知母皂甙(amemarsaponin)A2,即马尔考皂甙元-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→2)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖甙B(marlogenin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosy(1→2)-β-D-galactopyranosideB)、去半乳糖替告皂甙(desgalactotigonin)、F-芰脱皂甙(F-gitonin)和异菝葜皂甙(smilageninoside)等。此外,还含有知母多糖(anemaran)A/B/C/D、顺-扁柏树脂酚(cis-hinokiresinol)、单甲基-顺-扁柏树脂酚(monomethyl-cis-hinokiresinol)、氧化-顺-扁柏树脂酚(oxy-cis-himokiresinol)、2,6,4'-三羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮(2,6,4'-trihydroxy-4-methoxy benzophenone)、对-羟苯基巴豆油酸(p-hydroxyphenyl crotonic acid)、二十五烷酸乙烯脂(pentacosyl vinyl ester)、β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol)、芒果甙(mangiferin)、烟酸(nicotinic acid)、烟酰胺(nicotinamide)及泛酸(pantothenic acid)等。
黄柏来源于芸香科(Rutaceae)植物黄皮树(Phellodendron chinense Schneid.)或黄檗(Phellodendronamurense Rupr.)的干燥树皮,前者习称“川黄柏”,后者习称“关黄柏”。黄柏始载于《神农本草经》,原名“檗术”,列上品。为清热燥湿、泻火解毒、退虚热的常用中药材,化学成分主要为小檗碱生物碱。小檗碱对溶血性链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、淋球菌和弗氏、志贺氏痢疾杆菌均有抗菌作用,并有增强白血球吞噬作用。小檗碱的盐酸盐(俗称盐酸黄连素)已广泛用于治疗胃肠炎、细菌性痢疾等,对肺结核、猩红热、急性扁桃腺炎和呼吸道感染也有一定疗效。
关黄柏为黄檗树(Phyllodendron amurense Rupr.)的树皮,黄檗树皮含小檗碱(berberine)约1.6%,并含少量黄柏碱(phellodendrine)、木兰碱(magnoflorine)、药根碱(jatrorrhizine)、掌叶防己碱(palmatine)和白栝楼碱(candicine)等,其根皮可分离出的小檗碱约9%,尚有药根碱、黄柏碱和白栝楼碱等。川黄柏为黄皮树(Phyllodendron Chinense Schneid)和秃叶黄皮树(P.Chinense Schneid.var.Glabriusculum Schneid)的树皮,含小檗碱3-8%是提取小檗碱的重要来源之一。黄皮树树皮含小檗碱达3%。秃叶黄皮树树皮含小檗碱达6.5%,并含少量掌叶防己碱、药根碱、黄柏碱和木兰碱。
近年来,有关黄柏和知母单味药材及其有效成分治疗糖尿病的研究较多。已经有研究表明知母黄酮类成分具有防治糖尿病的作用(国外医学中医中药分册,2002,24,353;中国发明专利ZL03115509.X)。现代研究发现,知母总皂苷(中药药理与临床,2005,21,22-23)、知母皂苷A-Ⅲ、B-Ⅱ、B-Ⅲ和芒果苷等(Wakan Iyakugakn Zasshi,1995,5,404-405;中国生化药物杂志,2005,26,332)具有降低血糖的功效。据报道,知母醇提物可刺激糖尿病大鼠分泌胰岛素而起到降血糖作用(Exp.Clin.Endocrinol.Diabetes,2004,112,520-525);知母中的多糖类成分可显著降低四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病小鼠血糖及肝糖元(中草药,1996,17,605-606)。研究表明,黄柏中的主要成分小檗碱具有能促进胰岛素分泌,调节脂质代谢和抗糖尿病的功效(Acta Pharmacologica Sinica,2004,25,496-502;中国发明专利ZL01118320.9)。进一步临床研究证实,黄连素,即小檗碱,对Ⅱ型糖尿病(Non-Insulin-Dependent DiabetesMellitus,NIDDM)患者的临床有效率为63.3%,且不良反应小(新中医,1997,29,33-34)。
中国发明专利申请93100485.3公开了一种荞麦保健食品,以苦荞麦粉为基料,辅以大豆蛋白粉,再添加枸杞、人参、知母、活性钙等中草药天然成分,其配方重量百分组成为:苦荞麦面粉60-80%、大豆蛋白粉15-30%、枸杞多糖0.5-2.5%、知母皂甙0.2-0.5%、人参多糖0.5-1.5%、活性钙1.2-4.3%。组成的食品对糖尿病具有治疗作用。该保健食品以荞麦为主,能对糖尿病患者的饮食起到一定作用,但在治疗方面的效果有待进一步的实验证实。
中国发明专利ZL95116521.6公开了一种双补降糖胶囊及其制作方法,使用熟地、黄芪、枸杞子、丹参、黄柏、知母和肉桂等20味原料药,经特殊炮制和加工而成。该降糖胶囊由中药材粉碎后制成,由于含有的纤维素含量多,而能减缓糖的吸收,加入附子和肉桂二药材后使得药物降糖效果更为显著,是该发明的重点所在。
中国发明专利申请99126988.8公开了一种专冶糖尿病降糖胶囊,以生地、天花粉、玄参、知母、黄柏、黄连、鹿茸、边桂、山药、石膏和干藕粉等药材为主要组分,治疗由糖尿病引起的上消、中消、下消和多食多尿等病症。
中国发明专利申请02107203.5公开了一种治疗2型糖尿病的复方中药制剂,以葛根、天花粉、苍术、玄参、生黄芪、山药、生石膏、肉桂、熟附片、鬼箭羽、地鳖虫、桑寄生、蚕茧、炮山甲、水蛭、血竭、菝葜、知母、绞股蓝、生地、麦冬、赤芍、地骨皮、制大黄等天然中药材为原料,通过粉碎、煎煮、烘干、灭菌等工序制成,用于Ⅱ型糖尿病及其并发症的治疗。
中国发明专利申请200310110332.7公开了一种治疗糖尿病的药物参芪山药膏及其制备方法,由“君”药:山药和人参;“臣”药:海龙、海马、阿魏、乳香、没药、红花、肉桂、珍珠、人工麝香、天花粉、黄柏、黄芪、芒果叶和番石榴叶;以及“使”药:冰片等药材共同配伍而成。将山药、人参、天花粉、黄柏、黄芪、芒果叶和番石榴叶等药材的碎段混匀,浸泡于麻油中,三天后经加热,过滤,在滤油中加入红丹,再搅匀,收膏;将药膏加入冷水中,不断搅拌,挤压换水;取药膏用文火熔化,加入珍珠层粉、冰片粉、人工麝香、海龙、海马、阿魏、乳香、没药、红花和肉桂等药材的细粉,搅匀,分摊在无纺布上制成膏药。所制得的药膏益气养阴、生津止渴,具有治疗Ⅱ型糖尿病的功效。
现有的各种中成药对糖尿病虽有一定的治疗作用,但目前临床使用的单一组分制剂或医生自拟的处方汤药,缺乏药效显著、有效成分和作用机理明确,且质量可控和剂型方便的现代中药。中国发明专利ZL200510110763.2公开了一种治疗糖尿病的组合物,由知母、黄柏和肉桂提取物组成,虽然克服了现有技术的诸多缺陷,但是需要用三种药材,生产成本较高,工艺路线较复杂。
中国发明专利ZL201010022822.1公开了一种预防和治疗糖尿病的药物组合物,其以知母皂苷B-Ⅱ和小檗碱为活性组分,组合物中知母皂苷B-Ⅱ含量为重量百分比5%-80%和小檗碱2%-60%时,已能显著地实现糖尿病预防和治疗的目的。但需要对患者给予较大量的该种组合物,且具有较大的毒副作用,由此限制了该组合物的实际应用。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的在于提供一种预防或治疗糖尿病和/或高血脂的组合物,其包含小檗碱或其可药用盐和螺甾烷化合物或其可药用盐,该组合物具有改善血糖和降低血脂的药理作用,且毒副作用显著下降。
在本发明的组合物中,小檗碱或其可药用盐和螺甾烷化合物或其可药用盐可以任选地以提取物的形式包含于该组合物中。
在本发明的组合物中,小檗碱或其可药用盐和螺甾烷化合物或其可药用盐为主要活性成分或仅有的活性成分。
本发明的组合物可以是药物、食品或保健品中的至少一种。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供本发明的组合物在制备预防或治疗糖尿病和/或高血脂的药物、食品或保健品中的用途。
本发明的又一个目的在于提供一种预防或治疗糖尿病和/或高血脂的药物组合,其包含含有小檗碱或其可药用盐的组合物和含有螺甾烷化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的组合物,该药物组合具有改善血糖和降低血脂的药理作用,且毒副作用显著下降。
本发明的再一个目的在于提供一种预防或治疗糖尿病和/或高血脂的组合在预防或治疗糖尿病和/或高血脂的药物、食品或保健品中的用途,该药物组合能够改善血糖,降低血脂,并且毒副作用显著下降。
本发明所称的“小檗碱”是指式Ⅰ所示的化合物化学名称为5,6-二氢-9,10-二甲氧基苯并-1,3-二苯并间二氧杂环戊烯-5,6α-喹嗪,是一种异喹啉生物碱,包括季铵式、醛式和醇式等三种不同形式,其中以季铵式最稳定,也通常视作为一种季铵生物碱。其存在于小檗科(Berberidaceae)等4科10属的植物中,以及所成的药学上可接受的盐。
小檗碱的熔点145℃,能溶于水和乙醇,在冷乙醇中的溶解度为1∶100,易溶于热水或热乙醇;难溶于苯、乙醚和氯仿。其从乙醚中可析出黄色针状晶体;从水或稀乙醇中析出的晶体带有5.5分子结晶水;若从氯仿、丙酮或苯中结晶,也带有相应的结晶溶剂分子。小檗碱主要以氢氧化季铵的形式存在,在季铵式小檗碱的水溶液中加入过量的碱则生成醇式(叔胺)和醛式(仲胺)小檗碱的沉淀,由此可得到季铵式、醛式和醇式等三种不同形式的小檗碱。小檗碱的盐类在水中的溶解度都比较小,如:其盐酸盐溶解度为1∶500,其硫酸盐溶解度为1∶30。
小檗碱及其盐可以通过化学合成的方式获得。如:以胡椒乙胺和3,4-二甲氧基苯乙酸为起始原料,通过缩合、还原和氧化等多个步骤得到小檗碱(Ber.,1912,44,2980-2985)。又如:以儿茶酚为起始原料,经成环反应得胡椒环,经氯氰化反应得胡椒乙腈,再经缩合、催化和氢化步骤得缩合物盐酸盐,又经环合反应得小檗碱粗品,经碱化和成盐可制得小檗碱盐酸盐、小檗碱硫酸盐或小檗碱鞣酸盐(中国发明专利ZL01106089.1)。还有如:以2,3-二甲氧基苯甲醇和胡椒乙胺为原料,经过烷基化、氯甲基化、氰化、醇解、缩合和环合六步制得盐酸小檗碱(中国发明专利申请200710020332.6)。
本领域技术人员根据现有技术能够从含有小檗碱的的天然植物或药材中提取得到纯度大于90%的小檗碱,经过条件的优化能进一步得到纯度大于95%的小檗碱。
小檗碱及其盐还可以从天然植物/中药材(如:三颗针、黄连和黄柏)的提取物中获得。酸水法是目前提取小檗碱常用的方法,从三颗针中提取小檗碱,常用多倍量的0.3%硫酸水溶液浸泡24h,过滤后滤液用石灰乳调pH值至12,经过滤的滤液用盐酸调pH值到2-3,再加入6%左右的精制食盐,使食盐完全溶解,放置过夜,抽滤得盐酸小檗碱(中药化学,山东科学技术出版社,1997)。或用0.5%的硫酸水溶液冷浸提取,提取液pH值调至7,滤液浓缩后pH值再调至2-3,再加入6%左右的食盐并过滤,将沉淀溶于热水,将pH调至8.5-9后过滤,滤液再调pH值到2~3,放冷过滤得盐酸小檗碱(天然药物化学,人民卫生出版社,2003)。在小檗碱提取过程中,提取工艺的条件,如:pH值、酸用量、水用量和温度等,对提高产物的提取率有一定影响(天然产物研究与开发,1998,10,62;广东药学院学报,1996,12,261;怀化医专学报,2004,3,26;海峡药学,1999,11,100;时珍国医国药,2001,12,982)。廖自基等人采用硫酸液浸泡,加入氯化钠、氯化锌沉降浓集后,再用石灰、强碱除去碱性杂质,用硫化铵除锌及胶体杂质的方法从“十大功劳”中提取黄连素,制得的成品小檗碱含量98.1%,提取率65%-69%(中国发明专利申请91105606.8)。乙醇法是另一种小檗碱常用的提取方法,一般包括:投料→提取→蒸发→溶解→洗涤→精制→成品等多个步骤。将中药材(如:黄连或黄柏)用热乙醇浸泡后,将乙醇浓缩液经过滤、加酸、沉淀、放置和过滤等步骤制得盐酸小檗碱。或于乙醇中回流30min后静置,反复多次后合并滤液,减压除去乙醇,加酸液后过滤冷却制得盐酸小檗碱。黄连用9倍体积50%乙醇,60℃提取两次,能使小檗碱提取率为91%以上,平均回收率为97.38%(山东农业生物学报,2004,6,502-505)。当提取工艺采用:6倍量80%乙醇,乙醇中硫酸加入量为0.25%,提取时间为1.5h/次,提取次数为3次时,制备所得盐酸小檗碱精制品含量在90%以上(中国药房,2004,15,18)。
小檗碱的碱提取法中,最常用的是石灰乳法,如:黄柏粗粉中加入石灰乳搅拌均匀,常法装渗漉桶,加入饱和石灰水浸泡6h后渗漉(pH值在10以上),收集渗漉液,加入渗漉体积7%(质量浓度)的固体食盐,搅拌后放置过夜,过滤,沉淀,用热水溶解再过滤。滤液加酸调pH值至2,放置过夜,过滤,沉淀用蒸馏水洗至中性,抽干后于80℃下干燥,即得盐酸小檗碱。在比较几种提取方法如:酸水法、石灰乳法和乙醇提取法等,并加以改进后,证明石灰乳法提取效率优于其他方法(基层中药杂志,2000,14,27-29)。
当单独使用超声波(海峡药学,1999,11,100-101;中医药学报,2004,32,29-30;中成药,2004,26,186-189;时珍国医国药,2005,16,374-375)、微波(数理医药学杂志,2002,15,88-89;化工进展,2003,22,1338-1341;光谱实验室,2006,23,526-529)和酶法(中草药,1994,25,123;应用化工,2006,35,373-374)等方法提取小檗碱,或与酸水法、碱提法和醇提法等方法相结合提取小檗碱时,能大大缩短提取的时间并显著提高小檗碱的提取率。
本发明所称的“螺甾烷化合物”如式Ⅱ所示的化合物之一种或几种,
其中,第5位碳原子和第6位碳原子间为单键或双键,R1、R2、R3和R4相互独立,表示氢、羟基以及取代的或者未取代的选自下列的基团:羧基、C1~C6烷基、C1~C6烷氧基、C3~C7环烷基、C3~C7环烷氧基或糖基。
尤其是式Ⅲ、式Ⅳ和式Ⅴ所示的化合物之一种或几种,如:但不仅限于式Ⅵ、式Ⅶ和式Ⅷ所示,可从中药材知母中制取,
其中,R1表示羟基以及取代的或者未取代的选自下列的基团:羧基、C1~C6烷基、C1~C6烷氧基、C3~C7环烷基、C3~C7环烷氧基或糖基;
R2表示氢、羟基以及取代的或者未取代的选自下列的基团:羧基、C1~C6烷基、C1~C6烷氧基、C3~C7环烷基、C3~C7环烷氧基或糖基。
而式Ⅲ、式Ⅳ和式Ⅴ所示的化合物,其特征更在于,R1表示羟基以及取代的或者未取代的选自下列的基团:C1~C6烷氧基、C3~C7环烷氧基;
R2表示羟基以及取代的或者未取代的选自下列的基团:羧基、C1~C6烷氧基、C3~C7环烷氧基。更进一步,式Ⅲ、式Ⅳ和式Ⅴ所示的化合物,选自式Ⅵ、式Ⅶ和式Ⅷ所示之一种或几种,
本发明所称的“知母”或“中药材知母”是指百合科植物知母(Anemarrhenaasphodeloides)的各个部分,如:根、茎、叶和果实等,由于从该植物的根茎中能够制取最多的目标皂苷衍生物,因此本发明优先选择其干燥的根茎。这些知母药材的选料和炮制过程是否符合中药材加工工艺和标准不得限定本发明。
本发明所称的组合物所包含的小檗碱或其可药用盐和螺甾烷化合物或其可药用盐,以两种成分总重量计的重量百分含量为:螺甾烷化合物或其可药用盐10%~80%,小檗碱或其可药用盐20%~90%;优选螺甾烷化合物或其可药用盐20%~70%,小檗碱或其可药用盐30%~80%;更优选螺甾烷化合物或其可药用盐30%~60%,小檗碱或其可药用盐40%~70%;更优选螺甾烷化合物或其可药用盐30%~40%,小檗碱或其可药用盐60%~70%,最优选螺甾烷化合物或其可药用盐与小檗碱或其可药用盐的重量比为1:2。
在本发明的组合物中使用的螺甾烷化合物或其可药用盐的提取物形式是含有螺甾烷化合物或其可药用盐的知母提取物,即从知母中提取的知母皂苷元以及在此过程中随之一并获得的物质,如:但不仅限于知母皂苷AⅠ、知母皂苷AⅡ、知母皂苷AⅢ、知母皂苷AⅣ、知母皂苷BⅠ、知母皂苷BⅡ和芒果苷等。
在本发明的组合物中使用的小檗碱或其可药用盐的提取物形式是含有小檗碱或其可药用盐的提取物,即从小檗科植物中提取小檗碱以及在此过程中随之一并获得的物质,如:但不仅限于含掌叶防己碱、黄柏碱、药根碱、黄柏酮、蝙蝠葛任碱、白栝楼碱、木兰碱、柠檬苦素、巴马亭等。
此外,本发明的组合物还可以包括各种与所含的化合物或组合物相适应的药物辅料,以制成有利于给药(drug delivery)的剂型,如:但不仅限于水溶液注射剂、粉针剂、丸剂、散剂、片剂、贴剂、栓剂、乳剂、霜剂、凝胶剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、气雾剂、喷雾剂、粉雾剂、缓释剂和控释剂等。这些药用辅料既可以是各种制剂中常规使用的,如:但不仅限于等渗剂、缓冲液、矫味剂、赋形剂、填充剂、粘合剂、崩解剂和润滑剂等;也可以是为了与所述物质相适应而选择使用的,如:乳化剂、增溶剂、抑菌剂、止痛剂和抗氧化剂等,这类辅料能有效提高组合物所含化合物的稳定性和溶解性或改变化合物的释放速率和吸收速率等,从而改善各种化合物在生物体内的代谢,进而增强组合物的给药效果。此外,还可以为实现特定的给药目的或方式,如:缓释给药、控释给药和脉冲给药等,而使用的辅料,如:但不仅限于明胶、白蛋白、壳聚糖、聚醚和聚酯类高分子材料,如:但不仅限于,聚乙二醇、聚氨酯、聚碳酸酯及其共聚物等。所称的“有利于给药”的主要表现有:但不仅限于提高治疗效果、提高生物利用度、降低毒副作用和提高患者顺应性等。
在水溶液注射剂中,辅料一般包括等渗剂和缓冲液,以及必要的乳化剂(如:Tweeen-80、Pluronic和Poloxamer等)、增溶剂和抑菌剂等。此外,还包括含有药学上可接受的其它药用辅料,如:抗氧化剂、pH调节剂和止痛剂等。
用于制取口服液体制剂的辅料一般包括溶剂,以及必要的矫味剂、抑菌剂、乳化剂和着色剂等。
用于制取片剂的辅料一般包括填充剂(如:淀粉、糖粉、糊精、乳糖、可压性淀粉、微晶纤维素、硫酸钙、磷酸氢钙和甘露醇等)、粘合剂(如:乙醇、淀粉浆、羧甲基纤维素钠、羟丙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、明胶溶液、蔗糖溶液和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的水溶液或醇溶液等)、崩解剂(如:干淀粉、羧甲基淀粉钠、低取代羟丙基纤维素、交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和交联羧甲基纤维素钠)和润滑剂(如:硬脂酸镁、微粉硅胶、滑石粉、氢化植物油、聚乙二醇4,000、聚乙二醇6,000和月桂醇硫酸镁等)等。
用于制取乳剂的辅料一般为水、油(如:脂肪酸)、乳化剂,以及必要的防腐剂和矫味剂等。
用于制取颗粒剂的辅料与片剂类似,但造粒过程不同。根据需要,将制得的颗粒剂与助流剂混合后装入胶囊即得胶囊剂。
本发明所称的“C1~C6”或“C3~C6”表示碳原子个数为1~6或3~6。其中,字母C表示碳原子,其后数字为正整数,如:1、2或3,表示基团所含的碳原子个数,如:1、2、3、4、5和6等。
本发明所称的“烷基”作为一个基团或一个基团的一部分时是指直链或者带有支链的饱和脂肪烃基团,如:但不仅限于甲基、乙基、正丙基、2-丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、新戊基和己基等。
本发明所称的“烷氧基”为烷基与氧原子连结后而成的基团,如:但不仅限于甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基和丁氧基等。
本发明所称的“环烷基”是指饱和或部分饱和的单环、稠环或螺环脂肪烃环烷基如:但不仅限于环丙基、环丁基、环戊基和环己基等。
本发明所称的“糖基”是指糖苷分子中提供半缩醛羟基的糖部分,其包含单糖基、二糖基或多糖基,其中单糖基包含但不限于丙糖基、丁糖基、戊糖基和己糖基,其进一步包含但不限于甘油醛基、核糖基、脱氧核糖基、木糖基、阿拉伯糖基、葡萄糖基、半乳糖基、果糖基、鼠李糖基、甘露糖基,二糖基包含但不限于乳糖基、麦芽糖基、蔗糖基;多糖基包含但不限于棉籽糖基、水苏糖基等。
本发明所称的“可药用盐”包括但不限于有机酸盐、无机酸盐、金属盐、铵盐以及本发明的化合物的内盐形式。其中,所述有机酸盐包括但不限于对甲苯磺酸盐、甲磺酸盐、苹果酸盐、醋酸盐、柠檬酸盐、乳酸盐、抗坏血酸盐、酒石酸盐、琥珀酸盐、富马酸盐、马来酸盐、草酸盐、丙二酸盐等;所述无机酸盐包括但不限于盐酸盐、硫酸盐、磷酸盐、硝酸盐、氢溴酸盐、氢碘酸盐、亚硫酸盐、碳酸盐、碳酸氢盐、硫酸氢盐、磷酸二氢盐、磷酸氢二盐等;所述金属盐包括但不限于钠盐、钾盐、锂盐、镁盐、钙盐、铁盐等。
本发明所称的“生物体”、“动物”或“患者”是指人、野生动物和家畜(Livestock)。野生动物为自然状态下未经人工驯化的动物。家畜是为了提供食物来源而人工饲养的动物,如:但不仅限于狗、猫、鼠、大鼠、仓鼠、猪、兔、奶牛、水牛、公牛、绵羊、山羊、鹅和鸡等。给予治疗的“患者”或“生物体”优先选择哺乳动物,尤其是人。
本发明所称的“预防”是指在未被临床标准认定的疾病前,各种用于防止疾病发生或发展的手段或措施,包括医学、物理或化学的方法,以阻止和降低疾病各种症状的发生或发展。
本发明所称的“预防糖尿病”是指将本发明组合物用于还未符合“糖尿病”临床指标的,随着时间的延续将慢慢发展成为临床上定义为“糖尿病”的潜在患者,从而改善这些患者对葡萄糖的耐受,促进肌体对糖代谢的能力,增加肌体对胰岛素的敏感性。这类潜在的患者通常患有“代谢综合症(Metabolic Syndrome)”(Annnu.Rev.Nutri.,2005,25,391-406;Annnu.Rev.Med.,2005,56,45-62;Nat.Rev.Drug.Disc.,2006,5,295-309;Nat.Rev.Endocri.,2006,2,335-348),如:肥胖、胰岛素抵制、葡萄糖不耐受、高血压、动脉硬化证(antherosclerosis)、血脂异常症(dyslipidemia)(即血液中的甘油三酯水平偏高,高密度脂蛋白同时偏低)等。
本发明所称的“治疗”是指为了阻止和降低疾病的发生或发展,使疾病病程的发展或加重得以抑制、遏制、减轻、改善、减缓、停止、延迟或反转,所描述的保持和/或用药时的疾病的、紊乱的或病理学状态的各种指标包括减轻或减少症状或并发症,或治愈或消除疾病、紊乱或状况。
本发明所称的“治疗糖尿病”是指将本发明组合物用于临床诊断为“糖尿病”的患者,改善这些患者对葡萄糖的耐受,促进肌体对糖代谢的能力,增加肌体对胰岛素的敏感性。进而使得患者的餐后和空腹血糖得以控制在正常的水平。由于对葡萄糖代谢的能力得以提高,从而减缓了因长期高血糖而产生的各种心血管疾病、慢性肾衰竭、视网膜病变、神经病变及微血管病变的发生和发展。
本发明所称的“食品”是指包括本发明提供的各种化合物、组合物或提取物制成可食用的单一化合物或组合物。该种单一化合物或组合物的生产和制造应当符合相关食品安全标准,但是这些食品安全标准不得限定本发明。
本发明所称的“保健品”是指将包括本发明提供的各种化合物、组合物或提取物制成可食用的单一化合物或组合物以施于患者,起到对疾病进行预防和治疗的目的。其属于本发明所称的食品,但其生产、制造和销售还应当符合各种相关的要求、标准和规范。
本发明所称的“药物”是指可以用于预防或治疗某种疾病的单一化合物、多种化合物形成的组合物、中药材及其提取物,或指以单一化合物为主要活性成分的组合物或制剂(formulation),还指由多种化合物为活性成分的组合物或制剂。“药物”应理解为不仅指根据一国之法律规定,通过其设立的行政机构审批并准予生产的产品,还指在为了获得通过审批和准予生产的过程中,所形成的含单一化合物为活性成分的各类物质形态。“形成”应理解为通过化学合成、生物转化或购买等途径获得。
本发明提供另一种预防或治疗糖尿病和/或高血脂的组合物,其中小檗碱或其可药用盐和螺甾烷化合物或其可药用盐为主要活性成分,各成分以两种成分总重量计的重量百分含量为:螺甾烷化合物或其可药用盐10%~80%,小檗碱或其可药用盐20%~90%;优选螺甾烷化合物或其可药用盐20%~70%,小檗碱或其可药用盐30%~80%;更优选螺甾烷化合物或其可药用盐30%~60%,小檗碱或其可药用盐40%~70%;更优选螺甾烷化合物或其可药用盐30%~40%,小檗碱或其可药用盐60%~70%,最优选螺甾烷化合物或其可药用盐与小檗碱或其可药用盐的重量比为1:2。。
本发明提供另一种预防或治疗糖尿病和/或高血脂的组合物,其中小檗碱或其可药用盐和螺甾烷化合物或其可药用盐为主要活性成分,还包含本领域常见的辅料中的至少一种。各成分以两种成分总重量计的重量百分含量为:螺甾烷化合物或其可药用盐10%~80%,小檗碱或其可药用盐20%~90%;优选螺甾烷化合物或其可药用盐20%~70%,小檗碱或其可药用盐30%~80%;更优选螺甾烷化合物或其可药用盐30%~60%,小檗碱或其可药用盐40%~70%;更优选螺甾烷化合物或其可药用盐30%~40%,小檗碱或其可药用盐60%~70%,最优选螺甾烷化合物或其可药用盐与小檗碱或其可药用盐的重量比为1:2。
本发明还提供了一种用于预防或治疗糖尿病和/或高血脂的药物组合,其包括含有小檗碱或其可药用盐的药物组合物和含有螺甾烷化合物或其可药用盐的组合物。其中,含有小檗碱或其可药用盐的药物组合物与含有螺甾烷化合物或其可药用盐的组合物可以在单一制剂中同时使用,也可以被配置用于单独施用;二者可以配置成相同或不同的剂型;并且二者可以同时或顺序地施用。在顺序施用的时候,可以先施用含有小檗碱或其可药用盐的药物组合物,然后再施用含有螺甾烷化合物或其可药用盐的组合物;或者先施用含有螺甾烷化合物或其可药用盐的组合物,然后再施用含有螺甾烷化合物或其可药用盐的组合物。在顺序施用含有小檗碱或其可药用盐的药物组合物与含有螺甾烷化合物或其可药用盐的组合物的时候,二者之间的给药间隔可以是约1分钟、约2分钟、约5分钟、约10分钟、约30分钟、约1小时、约2小时、约3小时、约5小时、约10小时、约24小时、约1.5天、约2天、约3天、约5天、1周、约10天、约15天等。间隔给药的剂量可以为小于大约1000mg/kg,优选小于大约500mg/kg,更优选小于大约250mg/kg,更优选小于大约200mg/kg,更优选小于大约100mg/kg,更优选小于大约50mg,更优选小于大约20mg/kg,更优选小于大约10mg/kg,更优选小于大约5mg/kg,更优选小于大约2mg/kg,更优选小于大约1mg/kg。
本发明提供的各种组合物或药物组合,具有改善血糖和降低血脂的药理作用,可以作为唯一的或主要的活性成分而应用于制取各种预防和治疗糖尿病和高血脂的药物、食品和保健品,或与其它一种或多种具有改善糖尿病和高血脂的化学物质或药物一并给予生物体。这些化学物质如:但不仅限于小檗碱提取物、知母皂苷提取物、知母总皂苷及其水解物、知母皂苷A-Ⅱ及其水解物、知母皂苷A-Ⅲ及其水解物和芒果苷等。所称的“一并给予生物体”是指本发明各种皂苷衍生物单独或与其它一种或多种具有改善糖尿病和高血脂的化合物、提取物或药物混合后经单一的给药途径,如:但不仅限于,口服(Oral)、鼻腔(Nasal)、(面)颊(Buccal)、透皮(Transdermal)、肺部(Pulmonal)、阴道(Vaginal)、皮下(Subcutaneous)或静脉(Intravenous)给予生物体;或与其它一种或多种具有改善糖尿病和高血脂的化学物质或药物分别经多种的给药途径给予生物体。
本发明提供的一种药物组合物,以本发明提供的组合物为活性成分。
本发明提供的另一种食品,以本发明提供的组合物为活性成分。
本发明提供的另一种保健品,以本发明提供的组合物为活性成分。
本发明技术方案实现的有益效果:
本发明提供的组合物或药物组合,将小檗碱或其可药用盐与螺甾烷化合物或其可药用盐相结合,不仅能显著降低血糖和血脂,而且毒副作用显著下降,更具开发前景。
本发明提供的组合物或药物组合给予试验动物几周后,各组试验动物的空腹血糖得到显著降低。再经口服糖耐量实验证明,各个给药组动物在给糖后30分钟和60分钟的血糖水平,以及给糖后120分钟内的曲线下面积均有降低。尤其是将小檗碱和菝契皂苷元按照重量比为2∶1制得的组合物2给予试验动物后,动物在给糖后60分钟和120分钟曲线下面积与模型对照组相比具有明显的统计学差异。因此,本发明组合物或药物组合给予试验动物后,可有效改善试验动物的糖耐量。
将本发明组合物或药物组合作为活性成分可用于制备治疗和预防糖尿病,尤其是Ⅱ型糖尿病的药物、食品和保健品。
本专利的优点:现有技术是将知母皂苷(原型成分)与小檗碱相结合,本申请是将皂苷元与小檗碱相结合,既具有显著的降糖作用,又显著降低了知母皂苷(原型成分)与小檗碱相结合所带来的毒副作用。
具体实施方式
以下详细描述本发明的技术方案。本发明实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围中。
本发明所用的试剂若未明确指明,则均购自于西格玛-奥德里奇(Sigma-Aldrich)。
实施例1菝契皂苷元的制取
化合物的制取方法如下:取市售的中药知母饮片知母10KG,用50%乙醇水溶液加热回流提取,提取液回收乙醇后,加水稀释,离心,然后上清液通过AB-8大孔吸附树脂(10L)吸附法分离,用4倍量体积(BV)水洗去杂质,再用3BV的15v/v%的乙醇水溶液作为洗脱剂洗脱,弃去该洗脱液;再90%的乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液5倍量体积(BV),减压回收洗脱液中的乙醇,干燥,得知母总皂苷480g。得到的知母总皂苷加4800mL水和480mL浓盐酸水解6小时,抽滤水解物并用水洗涤至中性,加入丙酮进行重结晶二次后,所得结晶以甲醇溶解后,加300g ODS拌样后上样到3L ODS柱子,然后以90%甲醇-水体系等度洗脱,收集目标组分合并,减压回收溶剂,干燥即得菝契皂苷元92g。
制得的菝契皂苷元为白色针晶,分子式为分子式为C27H44O3。其结构鉴定数据如下:
1H-NMR(400MHz,chloroform-d),δH(ppm):4.37(td,J=8.2,7.5,6.4Hz,1H),4.08(brs,1H),3.45(dd,J=11.0,2.0Hz,1H),3.35(d,J=10.8,1H),0.96(s,3H),0.94(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.77(d,J=6.2Hz,3H),0.74(s,3H);
13C-NMR(100MHz,chloroform-d),δC(ppm):109.4,81.0,67.2,67.0,62.4,56.6,41.7,40.8,40.4,40.0,36.6,35.4,35.4,33.6,31.9,31.5,30.4,30.1,28.9,27.9,26.7,26.7,24.0,21.0,17.2,16.6,14.6;
HR-ESI/MS m/z:417.3366[M+H]+(理论值C27H45O3 +,417.3363)。
实施例2马尔可皂苷元的制取
化合物的制取方法如下:取市售的中药知母饮片10KG,加50L水和8L浓盐酸水解6小时,抽滤水解物并用水洗涤至中性,干燥,粉碎,加入10倍量无水乙醇回流提取,提取液回收乙醇后,干燥,用氯仿搅拌使溶解,去除不溶解物。氯仿溶液回收至小体积后,加硅胶250克拌样,蒸干氯仿后,上样到3L硅胶柱子,然后以氯仿-甲醇(2:1)体系等度洗脱,收集目标组分合并,减压回收溶剂,干燥。所得干燥物以少量氯仿溶解,加硅胶100克拌样,蒸干氯仿后,上样到1.5L硅胶柱子,然后以氯仿-甲醇(1:1)体系等度洗脱,收集目标组分合并,减压回收溶剂,干燥,用无水乙醇重结晶2次,干燥即得马尔可皂苷元0.9g。
制得的马尔可皂苷元为白色晶针,分子式为C27H44O4。其结构鉴定数据如下:
1H-NMR(400MHz,chloroform-d),δH(ppm):5.27(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),4.98(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),1.13(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),1.06(d,J=6.6Hz,3H),0.94(s,3H),0.78(s,3H);
13C-NMR(100MHz,chloroform-d),δC(ppm):109.5,81.9,73.2,67.3,64.3,62.6,56.5,41.5,40.7,40.4,40.3,37.6,36.9,36.1,36.0,35.4,35.3,32.1,32.1,30.5,26.8,26.8,24.0,21.2,17.6,16.8,14.6。
HR-ESI/MS m/z:433.3249[M+H]+(理论值C27H45O4 +,433.3240)。
实施例3薯蓣皂苷元的制取
化合物的制取方法如下:取市售的中药知母饮片10KG,加50L水和5L浓硫酸水解6小时,抽滤水解物并用水洗涤至中性,干燥,粉碎,加入10倍量无水甲醇回流提取,提取液回收甲醇后,干燥,用乙酸乙酯搅拌使溶解,去除不溶解物。乙酸乙酯溶液回收至小体积后,加硅胶300克拌样,蒸干乙酸乙酯,上样到3.5L硅胶柱子,然后以氯仿-甲醇(1:1)体系等度洗脱,收集目标组分合并,减压回收溶剂,干燥。所得干燥物以少量乙酸乙酯溶液溶解后,加硅胶150克拌样,蒸干乙酸乙酯,上样到2.0L硅胶柱子,然后以氯仿-甲醇(1:2)体系等度洗脱,收集目标组分合并,减压回收溶剂,干燥,再用丙酮重结晶2次,即得薯蓣皂苷元1.3g。
制得的薯蓣皂苷元为白色针晶,分子式为C27H42O3。其结构鉴定数据如下:
1H-NMR(400MHz,chloroform-d),δH(ppm):4.52(dd,J=14.5,7.5Hz,1H),4.08(brs,1H),3.83(m,1H),3.48(dd,J=10.8,5.0Hz,2H),1.05(s,3H),1.14(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),0.67(d,J=5.2Hz,3H),0.81(s,3H);
13C-NMR(100MHz,chloroform-d),δC(ppm):140.7,121.9,109.2,81.8,67.4,66.8,62.8,56.6,50.2,41.9,40.4,39.8,38.6,37.4,37.1,32.3,32.2,31.8,31.3,30.6,30.0,29.2,21.1,19.4,17.2,16.8,15.0。
HR-ESI/MS m/z:415.3136[M+H]+(理论值C27H43O3 +,415.3142)。
实施例4式Ⅲ-1所示的菝契皂苷元衍生物的制取
在冰浴条件下,将葡萄糖(10g,55.56mmol)溶于干燥的吡啶和DMF的混合液300mL中,向反应体系中缓慢滴入苯甲酰氯(36mL,308.56mmol),滴加完毕后继续搅拌反应18h。反应结束后,向体系中加入50mL水淬灭。用EtOAc萃取反应液,合并EtOAc层,并依次用水、稀盐酸、水、饱和碳酸氢钠溶液和水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥。过滤,滤液浓缩即得产物(白色固体)。
将上步得到的化合物(20g,28.5mmol)和乙酸肼(3.4g,37.0mmol)溶于干燥DMF溶液(100mL)中,在50-55℃下搅拌反应1.5h。待反应冷却至室温后,向反应体系中加入水100ml,然后用EtOAc萃取反应液,合并EtOAc层,再用饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,有机层浓缩即得到产物。
将上步得到的化合物(5g,8.3mmol)、三氯乙腈(5mL,50.7mmol)、DBU(0.55mL,3.5mmol)溶解于干燥的CH2Cl2中70mL,在室温下搅拌反应3h。减压蒸出反应溶剂,残余物经硅胶柱层析得到白色固体。
将上步得到的化合物(0.74g,1.0mmol)溶于20mL干燥的CH2Cl2中,在氮气流的保护下,加入菝葜皂苷元粉末(0.46g,1.1mmol),再加入分子筛,在冰浴条件下搅拌30min,然后加入TMSOTf(40μL,0.2mmol),继续在冰浴下搅拌1h,再移至室温下搅拌0.5h,加入Et3N淬灭反应。蒸干溶剂,残余物经硅胶柱层析分离,得到白色固体。
将白色固体溶于CH2Cl2-CH3OH的混合溶液中,加入适量甲醇钠,室温下搅拌3h,加入阳离子交换树脂中和后,蒸干反应溶剂,甲醇重结晶即得式III-1所示的菝契皂苷元衍生物。
制得菝契皂苷元衍生物为白色粉末,分子式为C39H64O13。其结构鉴定数据如下:
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6),δH(ppm):4.67(m,1H,H-16),4.64(d,J=7.0Hz,1H,H-1’),4.53(m,1H,H-2’),3.29(o,H,H-26),1.00(d,J=7.1Hz,3H,H-21),0.92(d,J=6.8Hz,3H,H-27),0.90(s,3H,H-19),0.70(s,3H,H-18);
13C-NMR(100MHz,DMSO-d6),δC(ppm):108.8(C-22),101.8(C-1’),80.4(C-16),75.0(C-3),73.6(C-5’),72.7(C-3’),70.7(C-2’),68.1(C-4’),64.3(C-26),61.9(C-17),60.4(C-6’),55.7(C-14),41.6(C-20),40.2(C-13),39.7(C-12),39.4(C-9),35.9(C-5),34.9(C-8),34.6(C-10),31.4(C-4),30.1(C-15),29.5(C-1),26.5(C-25),26.4(C-2),26.2(C-7),26.0(C-6),25.6(C-23),25.4(C-24),23.6(C-19),20.5(C-11),16.2(C-27),16.0(C-18),14.5(C-21);
HR-ESI/MS m/z:579.3899[M+H]+(理论值C33H55O8 +,579.3891)。
实施例5式Ⅲ-2所示的菝契皂苷元衍生物的制取
在冰浴条件下,将鼠李糖(9g,55.54mmol)溶于吡啶和DMF的混合液300mL中,缓慢滴入苯甲酰氯(36mL,308.56mmol),然后搅拌反应18h。结束后,往反应体系加入50mL水淬灭反应。用EtOAc萃取反应液,合并EtOAc层,并依次用水、稀盐酸、水、饱和碳酸氢钠溶液和水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥。过滤,滤液浓缩即得产物(白色固体)。
将上步得到的化合物(15.4g,28.5mmol)和乙酸肼(3.4g,37.0mmol)溶于干燥DMF溶液(100mL)中,在50-55℃下搅拌反应1.5h。待反应冷却至室温后,向反应体系中加入水100ml,然后用EtOAc萃取反应液,合并EtOAc层,再用饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,有机层浓缩即得到产物。
将上步得到的化合物(4.3g,8.3mmol)、三氯乙腈(5mL,50.7mmol)、DBU(0.55mL,3.5mmol)溶解于干燥的CH2Cl2中70mL,在室温下搅拌反应3h。减压蒸出反应溶剂得到白色固体。
将上步得到的化合物(0.57g,1.0mmol)溶于20mL干燥的CH2Cl2中,在氮气流的保护下,加入菝葜皂苷元粉末(0.46g,1.1mmol),再加入分子筛,在冰浴条件下先搅拌30min,然后加入TMSOTf(40μL,0.2mmol),继续在冰浴下搅拌1h,然后移至室温下搅拌0.5h,加入Et3N淬灭反应。向反应液加入100mL CH2Cl2稀释,过滤除去分子筛,蒸干溶剂,残余物经硅胶柱层析分离,得到白色固体。
将该白色固体溶于CH2Cl2-CH3OH的混合溶液中,再加入适量甲醇钠,室温下搅拌3h,加入阳离子交换树脂中和后,蒸干反应溶剂,甲醇重结晶即得式III-2所示的菝契皂苷元衍生物。
制得菝契皂苷元衍生物为白色针晶,分子式为C33H54O7。其结构鉴定数据如下:
1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6),δH(ppm):4.65(m,1H,H-16),4.64(d,J=7.0Hz,1H,H-1’),1.07(d,J=7.2Hz,3H,H-21),0.90(d,J=6.8Hz,3H,H-27),0.81(s,3H,H-19),0.71(s,3H,H-18);
13C-NMR(100MHz,DMSO-d6),δC(ppm):108.9(C-22),101.6(C-1’),80.6(C-16),75.2(C-3),72.5(C-3’),70.3(C-2’),68.3(C-4’),64.1(C-26),61.8(C-17),60.6(C-6’),55.3(C-14),41.2(C-20),40.0(C-13),39.9(C-12),39.0(C-9),35.7(C-5),34.8(C-8),34.4(C-10),31.0(C-4),30.6(C-15),29.2(C-1),26.6(C-25),26.3(C-2),26.0(C-7),26.0(C-6),25.2(C-23),25.4(C-24),23.5(C-19),20.8(C-11),16.9(C-27),16.4(C-5’),15.6(C-18),14.1(C-21);
HR-ESI/MS m/z:563.3897[M+H]+(理论值C33H55O7 +,563.3942)。
实施例6式Ⅲ-3所示的菝契皂苷元衍生物的制取
将菝葜皂苷元250mg(0.6mmol)、溴甲烷0.1ml(1.8mmol)加入5ml圆底烧瓶中,加入甲醇0.8ml、甲醇钠0.3ml(2.13mmol),搅拌完全溶解。反应混合物于回流条件下,搅拌40分钟,然后停止加热,冷却至室温。减压蒸干反应溶剂后,得到棕红色固体。残余物经硅胶柱层析分离,将样品用二氯甲烷溶解上样,展开剂为石油醚:乙酸乙酯(10:1),得到白色粉末状固体142mg(0.32mmol)。
制得Ⅲ-3菝契皂苷元衍生物为白色粉末状固体,分子式为C28H46O3。其结构鉴定数据如下:
1H-NMR(400MHz,chloroform-d),δH(ppm):4.40(td,J=7.9,7.3,6.2Hz,1H,H-16),1.07(d,J=7.1Hz,3H,H-21),0.98(d,J=6.4Hz,3H,H-27),0.97(s,3H,H-19),0.75(s,3H,H-18);
13C-NMR(100MHz,chloroform-d),δC(ppm):109.9(C-22),81.2(C-16),67.2(C-3),65.3(C-26),62.2(C-17),57.8(C-1’),56.6(C-14),42.3(C-20),40.8(C-13),40.5(C-12),40.0(C-9),36.7(C-5),35.4(C-8),35.4(C-10),33.7(C-4),31.9(C-15),30.1(C-1),28.0(C-23),27.2(C-25),26.7(C-7),26.7(C-6),26.1(C-2),25.9(C-24),24.1(C-19),21.0(C-11),16.6(C-27),16.2(C-18),14.5(C-21);
HR-ESI/MS m/z:431.3569[M+H]+(理论值C28H47O3 +,431.3520)。
实施例7式Ⅲ-4所示的菝契皂苷元衍生物的制取
将菝葜皂苷元250mg(0.6mmol)、溴环丙烷0.13ml(1.6mmol)加入5ml圆底烧瓶中,加入甲醇1.0ml、甲醇钠0.2ml(1.77mmol),搅拌完全溶解。反应混合物在回流条件下,搅拌2h,然后停止加热,冷却至室温。减压蒸干反应溶剂后,得到棕红色固体。残余物经硅胶柱层析分离,将样品用二氯甲烷溶解上样,展开剂为石油醚:乙酸乙酯(10:1),得到白色粉末状固体105mg(0.23mmol)。
式Ⅲ-4为白色无定型粉末,分子式为C30H48O3。其结构鉴定数据如下:
1H-NMR(400MHz,chloroform-d),δH(ppm):1.08(d,J=7.1Hz,3H,H-21),0.96(d,J=6.4Hz,3H,H-27),0.92(s,3H,H-19),0.70(s,3H,H-18);
13C-NMR(100MHz,chloroform-d),δC(ppm):109.2(C-22),81.8(C-16),67.0(C-3),65.1(C-26),62.2(C-17),56.6(C-14),47.8(C-1’),42.3(C-20),40.8(C-13),40.5(C-12),40.0(C-9),36.7(C-5),35.4(C-8),35.4(C-10),33.7(C-4),31.9(C-15),30.1(C-1),28.0(C-23),27.2(C-25),26.8(C-7),26.4(C-6),26.0(C-2),25.3(C-24),24.4(C-19),21.2(C-11),16.7(C-27),15.9(C-18),14.1(C-21),6.7(C-2’),6.7(C-3’);
HR-ESI/MS m/z:457.3679[M+H]+(理论值C30H49O3 +,457.3676)。
实施例8盐酸小檗碱的制取
取黄柏饮片2kg,加30%乙醇水溶液回流提取三次,每次2小时,滤过,滤液回收乙醇后,加水至60L,加热溶解,滤过,滤液通过D101大孔吸附树脂柱(3L),用1倍量体积(BV)水洗脱后,再用1倍量体积(BV)15%乙醇水洗脱,弃去15%乙醇水洗脱液,再用45%乙醇水洗脱,收集45%乙醇水洗脱液4倍量体积(BV),浓缩成稠膏。稠膏加水加热至90℃,趁热滤过除去不溶物,边搅拌边加入浓盐酸,至pH为1-2,使盐酸小檗碱析出,静置过夜,滤过,再重复结晶1次,加水洗涤至滤液近中性,干燥,粉碎,得到28.6克固体。
实施例9包含小檗碱与菝契皂苷元的组合物对空腹血糖的影响
将小檗碱与菝契皂苷元按照重量比为5∶1制得组合物1,并给予糖尿病小鼠,并观察组合物对餐后血糖的影响。
将小檗碱与菝契皂苷元按照重量比为2∶1制得组合物2,并给予糖尿病小鼠,并观察组合物对餐后血糖的影响。
将小檗碱与菝契皂苷元按照重量比为1∶5制得组合物3,并给予糖尿病小鼠,并观察组合物对餐后血糖的影响。
实验选择db/db小鼠(自美国Jackson实验室引进后自主繁殖),经SPF级小鼠饲养房饲养至年龄为6周~7周,体重为25g~30g。
所有糖尿病db/db小鼠于给药前1日上午9:00测定随机血糖和随机体重,之后禁食6小时(不禁水)测定空腹血糖,空腹体重并采血测定胰岛素含量。选取随机血糖大于11.1mmol/l的糖尿病db/db小鼠,并根据小鼠随机血糖和空腹血糖将小鼠分为7组(每组8只,4只雄性和4只雌性),分别为模型对照Vehicle组(CMC-Na灌胃)、组合物1(120mg/kg),组合物2(120mg/kg),组合物3(120mg/kg)和阳性药二甲双胍(250mg/kg),并按每日上午9时~10时,下午15时~16时各给药1次。另设一组与糖尿病db/db小鼠同窝的正常小鼠作为正常对照组。
正常对照组、模型对照组和各个给药组在首次给药后第7日、14日和21日测定随机血糖后,撤食物饥饿6小时,测定各组小鼠空腹血糖。血糖测定采用血糖测定仪(OneUltra,美国强生医疗器械有限公司),按以下公式计算血糖下降率:血糖下降率=(对照组血糖-给药组血糖)/对照组血糖×100%。
正常对照组、模型对照组、各组合物给药组小鼠于给药21日后进行口服葡萄糖耐量实验。小鼠禁食6小时后灌胃葡萄糖1.5g/kg,测定给糖前、给糖后15、30、60、90和120分钟时的血糖值,计算120分钟内的血糖曲线下面积(AUC)。
AUC=1/2×15×(G0+G15)+1/2×15×(G15+G30)+1/2×30×(G30+G60)+1/2×30×(G60+G120)
注:“G”为血糖;“Gx”为给予葡萄糖X分钟时的血糖(X=0、15、30、60和120)
数据以均值±标准差表示,采用Student-t test对数据进行统计学分析,p<0.05即为具有统计学差异。当给药组与对照药物相比,具有显著性差异即p<0.05,则认为药物具有确切的降血糖作用。
表1各组合物对糖尿病db/db小鼠空腹血糖的影响(mM)
“*”标示p<0.05与模型组(Vehicle)相比;“**”标示p<0.01与模型组(Vehicle)相比。
表2各组合物对糖尿病db/db小鼠空腹血糖下降率的影响(%)
试验结果表明:各组合物每天早晚两次给药,慢性治疗3周,组合物1在给药后1周即可降低糖尿病小鼠空腹血糖,至给药后2周和3周血糖也有一定程度的降低,但无明显的统计学差异,给药后1周、2周和3周的血糖下降率分别达16.95%、32.39%和17.58%。组合物2在给药后1周即可降低糖尿病小鼠空腹血糖,至给药后2周可明显的降低糖尿病小鼠空腹血糖,与模型对照组相比具有明显的统计学差异,效果持续至给药后3周,给药后1周、2周和3周的血糖下降率分别达15.11%、39.89%和16.64%。组合物3在给药后2周可明显降低糖尿病小鼠空腹血糖,与模型对照组相比有明显的统计学差异,效果持续至给药3周,给药后2周和3周的血糖下降率分别为28.24%和25.56%。各组合物给药3周后,饥饿6小时进行口服糖耐量实验,结果发现3个组合物的动物给糖后30分钟和60分钟的血糖水平,以及给糖后120分钟内的曲线下面积均有降低。其中,组合物2的动物给糖后60分钟和120分钟曲线下面积与模型对照组相比具有明显的统计学差异,结果见表3。
表3各组合物对糖尿病db/db小鼠口服糖耐量的影响
“*”标示p<0.05与模型对照组(Vehicle)相比;“**”标示p<0.01与模型对照组(Vehicle)相比。
实施例10包含小檗碱与马尔可皂苷元或薯蓣皂苷元的组合物对空腹血糖的影响
将小檗碱与马尔可皂苷元按照重量比为2∶1制得组合物4,并给予实验动物,并观察组合物对空腹血糖的影响。
将小檗碱与薯蓣皂苷元按照重量比为2∶1制得组合物5,并给予实验动物,并观察组合物对空腹血糖的影响。
实验选择db/db小鼠(自美国Jackson实验室引进后自主繁殖),经SPF级大鼠饲养房饲养至年龄为6周~7周,体重为25g~30g。
所有糖尿病db/db小鼠于给药前1日上午9:00测定随机血糖和随机体重,之后禁食6小时(不禁水)测定空腹血糖,空腹体重并采血测定胰岛素含量。选取随机血糖大于11.1mmol/l的糖尿病db/db小鼠,并根据小鼠随机血糖和空腹血糖将小鼠分为3组(每组8只,4只雄性和4只雌性),分别为模型对照Vehicle组(CMC-Na灌胃)、组合物4(240mg/kg)和组合物5(240mg/kg),并按每日上午9时~10时,下午15时~16时各给药1次。另设一组与糖尿病db/db小鼠同窝的正常小鼠作为正常对照组。
正常对照组、模型对照组和各个给药组在首次给药后第7日、14日、21日和35日测定随机血糖后,撤食物饥饿6小时,测定各组小鼠空腹血糖。血糖测定采用血糖测定仪(OneUltra,美国强生医疗器械有限公司),按以下公式计算血糖下降率:血糖下降率=(对照组血糖-给药组血糖)/对照组血糖×100%,结果参见表4。各个给药组对糖尿病db/db小鼠空腹血糖下降率的影响(%)参见表5。
数据以均值±标准差表示,采用Student-t test对数据进行统计学分析,p<0.05即为具有统计学差异。当给药组与对照药物相比,血糖下降率≥20%,且具有显著性差异即p<0.05,则认为药物具有确切的降血糖作用。
表4各组合物对糖尿病db/db小鼠空腹血糖的影响(mM)
“*”标示p<0.05,“**”标示p<0.01Vs Vehicle组。
表5各组合物对糖尿病db/db小鼠空腹血糖下降率的影响(%)
实验结果表明:每天早晚两次给予本实施例的两个组合物,治疗5周,各给药组小鼠的空腹血糖均明显降低,组合物4和组合物5在给药五周后糖尿病小鼠的空腹血糖明显降低,降幅均超过20%。
实施例11包含小檗碱与菝契皂苷元的组合物对血脂的影响
将小檗碱与菝契皂苷元按照重量比为2∶1制得组合物2。
实验选择金黄地鼠,动物进入动物房后,适应性试验一周,体重为130g~150g。
雄性金黄地鼠饲喂高胆固醇饲料(0.5%胆固醇+11.5%氢化椰子油+11.5%玉米油)两周,禁食6小时(不禁水),异氟烷麻醉,眼眶后静脉丛取血,12000rpm离心1分钟取血清,生化分析仪检测总胆固醇(TC)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL)水平。根据TC和LDL随机分为7组(每组8只),分别为模型对照组(CMC-Na灌胃)、组合物2(120mg/kg)和阳性药非诺贝特Fenofibrate(100mg/kg),并按每日上午9时~10时,下午20时~21时各给药1次。另设一组饲喂正常饲料的金黄地鼠作为正常对照组。
正常对照组、模型对照组和各个给药组在首次给药后第7日和14日禁食6小时(不禁水),异氟烷麻醉,眼眶后静脉丛取血,12000rpm离心1分钟取血清,生化分析仪检测TC和LDL水平。
数据以均值±标准差表示,采用Student-t test对数据进行统计学分析,p<0.05即为具有统计学差异。
表6组合物2对金黄地鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)的影响(mM)
*标示p<0.05与模型组相比;**标示p<0.01与模型组相比
表7组合物2对金黄地鼠血清低密度脂蛋白(LDL)的影响(mM)
*标示p<0.05与模型组相比;**标示p<0.01与模型组相比
试验结果表明:每天早晚两次给药,慢性治疗2周,组合物2在给药后1周可明显降低高胆固醇血症金黄地鼠血清低密度脂蛋白水平,给药后2周可明显降低总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白水平,结果见表6/7。
实施例12包含小檗碱与螺甾烷化合物的组合物的急毒试验
将小檗碱与菝契皂苷元按照重量比为2∶1制得的组合物2,给予实验动物,进行急毒试验。
将小檗碱和知母皂苷B2按照重量比为2∶1制得的组合物6,给予实验动物,进行急毒试验。
实验选择年龄为4周~5周的昆明小鼠(中科院上海实验动物中心提供,SCXK(沪)2003-0003号),于SPF级小鼠饲养房内饲养,灌胃给药后连续观察14天,并记录给药后动物毒性反应以及死亡情况,参见表8。
表8各组合物对小鼠的急性毒试验结果
由表8可见,在同等剂量下,包含小檗碱与螺甾烷化合物的组合物(组合物2)的急性毒性明显低于包含小檗碱与知母皂苷B2的组合物(组合物6)。
Claims (17)
1.一种预防或治疗糖尿病和/或高血脂的组合物,其特征在于包含式I表示的小檗碱或其可药用盐和式II表示的螺甾烷化合物或其可药用盐,各成分以两种成分总重量计的重量百分含量为:螺甾烷化合物或其可药用盐10%~80%,小檗碱或其可药用盐20%~90%;
其中,式II的第5位碳原子和第6位碳原子间为单键或双键,R1、R2、R3和R4相互独立,表示氢、羟基、羧基、C1~C6烷基、C1~C6烷氧基、C3~C7环烷基、C3~C7环烷氧基或糖基。
2.根据权利要求1的组合物,其特征在于式I表示的小檗碱或其可药用盐和式II表示的螺甾烷化合物或其可药用盐以提取物的形式包含于所述组合物中。
3.根据权利要求1的组合物,其特征在于以式I表示的小檗碱或其可药用盐和式II表示的螺甾烷化合物或其可药用盐为主要活性成分或仅有的活性成分。
4.根据权利要求1~3之一所述的组合物,其特征在于所述的螺甾烷化合物选自于式Ⅲ、式Ⅳ和式Ⅴ所示的化合物之一种或几种,
其中,R1表示羟基、羧基、C1~C6烷基、C1~C6烷氧基、C3~C7环烷基、C3~C7环烷氧基或糖基;
R2表示氢、羟基、羧基、C1~C6烷基、C1~C6烷氧基、C3~C7环烷基、C3~C7环烷氧基或糖基。
5.根据权利要求4所述的组合物,其特征在于在所述的式Ⅲ、式Ⅳ和式Ⅴ所示的化合物中,
R1表示羟基、C1~C6烷氧基、C3~C7环烷氧基;
R2表示羟基、羧基、C1~C6烷氧基、C3~C7环烷氧基。
6.根据权利要求5所述的组合物,其特征在于所述的螺甾烷化合物选自于式Ⅵ、式Ⅶ和式Ⅷ所示之一种或几种,
7.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的组合物,其特征在于所述的组合物为药物。
8.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的组合物,其特征在于所述的组合物为食品。
9.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的组合物,其特征在于所述的组合物为保健品。
10.式I表示的小檗碱或其可药用盐与式II表示的螺甾烷化合物或其可药用盐的组合在制备预防或治疗糖尿病和/或高血脂的药物、食品或保健品中的用途,其中各成分以两种成分总重量计的重量百分含量为:螺甾烷化合物或其可药用盐10%~80%,小檗碱或其可药用盐20%~90%;
其中,式II的第5位碳原子和第6位碳原子间为单键或双键,R1、R2、R3和R4相互独立,表示氢、羟基、羧基、C1~C6烷基、C1~C6烷氧基、C3~C7环烷基、C3~C7环烷氧基或糖基。
11.根据权利要求10所述的用途,其特征在于所述的螺甾烷化合物选自于式Ⅲ、式Ⅳ和式Ⅴ所示的化合物之一种或几种,
其中,R1表示羟基、羧基、C1~C6烷基、C1~C6烷氧基、C3~C7环烷基、C3~C7环烷氧基或糖基;
R2表示氢、羟基、羧基、C1~C6烷基、C1~C6烷氧基、C3~C7环烷基、C3~C7环烷氧基或糖基。
12.根据权利要求11所述的用途,其特征在于在所述的式Ⅲ、式Ⅳ和式Ⅴ所示的化合物中,
R1表示羟基、C1~C6烷氧基、C3~C7环烷氧基;
R2表示羟基、羧基、C1~C6烷氧基、C3~C7环烷氧基。
13.根据权利要求12所述的用途,其特征在于所述的螺甾烷化合物选自于式Ⅵ、式Ⅶ和式Ⅷ所示之一种或几种,
14.一种用于预防或治疗糖尿病和/或高血脂的药物组合,其特征在于包括含有式I表示的小檗碱或其可药用盐的药物组合物和含有式II表示的螺甾烷化合物或其可药用盐的药物组合物,其中各成分以两种成分总重量计的重量百分含量为:螺甾烷化合物或其可药用盐10%~80%,小檗碱或其可药用盐20%~90%;
其中,式II的第5位碳原子和第6位碳原子间为单键或双键,R1、R2、R3和R4相互独立,表示氢、羟基、羧基、C1~C6烷基、C1~C6烷氧基、C3~C7环烷基、C3~C7环烷氧基或糖基。
15.根据权利要求14所述的药物组合,其特征在于所述的螺甾烷化合物选自于式Ⅲ、式Ⅳ和式Ⅴ所示的化合物之一种或几种,
其中,R1表示羟基、羧基、C1~C6烷基、C1~C6烷氧基、C3~C7环烷基、C3~C7环烷氧基或糖基;
R2表示氢、羟基、羧基、C1~C6烷基、C1~C6烷氧基、C3~C7环烷基、C3~C7环烷氧基或糖基。
16.根据权利要求15所述的药物组合,其特征在于在所述的式Ⅲ、式Ⅳ和式Ⅴ所示的化合物中,
R1表示羟基、C1~C6烷氧基、C3~C7环烷氧基;
R2表示羟基、羧基、C1~C6烷氧基、C3~C7环烷氧基。
17.根据权利要求16所述的药物组合,其特征在于所述的螺甾烷化合物选自于式Ⅵ、式Ⅶ和式Ⅷ所示之一种或几种,
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201510640941.6A CN106551943B (zh) | 2015-09-30 | 2015-09-30 | 含有螺甾烷化合物的组合物及其用途 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201510640941.6A CN106551943B (zh) | 2015-09-30 | 2015-09-30 | 含有螺甾烷化合物的组合物及其用途 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN106551943A true CN106551943A (zh) | 2017-04-05 |
CN106551943B CN106551943B (zh) | 2021-09-10 |
Family
ID=58417951
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201510640941.6A Active CN106551943B (zh) | 2015-09-30 | 2015-09-30 | 含有螺甾烷化合物的组合物及其用途 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN106551943B (zh) |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4680289A (en) * | 1985-06-05 | 1987-07-14 | Progenics, Inc. | Treatment of obesity and diabetes using sapogenins |
CN101744978A (zh) * | 2010-01-14 | 2010-06-23 | 中国科学院上海药物研究所 | 预防和治疗糖尿病的药物组合物 |
CN101757073A (zh) * | 2010-02-09 | 2010-06-30 | 中国科学院上海药物研究所 | 含有苍术提取物的药物组合物 |
CN102552299A (zh) * | 2011-11-23 | 2012-07-11 | 大连医科大学 | 薯蓣皂苷在制备预防及治疗糖尿病药物中的应用 |
CN103191289A (zh) * | 2013-04-08 | 2013-07-10 | 广州中医药大学 | 知母黄柏药对中四种有效部位的同步制备方法及其应用 |
CN104177469A (zh) * | 2013-05-28 | 2014-12-03 | 江苏柯菲平医药有限公司 | 一种知母中菝葜皂苷元衍生物的制备方法 |
-
2015
- 2015-09-30 CN CN201510640941.6A patent/CN106551943B/zh active Active
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4680289A (en) * | 1985-06-05 | 1987-07-14 | Progenics, Inc. | Treatment of obesity and diabetes using sapogenins |
CN101744978A (zh) * | 2010-01-14 | 2010-06-23 | 中国科学院上海药物研究所 | 预防和治疗糖尿病的药物组合物 |
CN101757073A (zh) * | 2010-02-09 | 2010-06-30 | 中国科学院上海药物研究所 | 含有苍术提取物的药物组合物 |
CN102552299A (zh) * | 2011-11-23 | 2012-07-11 | 大连医科大学 | 薯蓣皂苷在制备预防及治疗糖尿病药物中的应用 |
CN103191289A (zh) * | 2013-04-08 | 2013-07-10 | 广州中医药大学 | 知母黄柏药对中四种有效部位的同步制备方法及其应用 |
CN104177469A (zh) * | 2013-05-28 | 2014-12-03 | 江苏柯菲平医药有限公司 | 一种知母中菝葜皂苷元衍生物的制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN106551943B (zh) | 2021-09-10 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN101744978B (zh) | 预防和治疗糖尿病的药物组合物 | |
CN102178741B (zh) | 具有降血糖作用的番石榴叶提取物及其制备方法与应用 | |
CN107890470A (zh) | 一种含延龄草甾体皂苷类有效成分片剂的制备方法及其在制备各类药物中的应用 | |
CN102380051A (zh) | 糖尿病药膳馒头 | |
CN103933346B (zh) | 一种降糖组合物及其制备方法 | |
CN101757073B (zh) | 含有苍术提取物的药物组合物 | |
CN104173451A (zh) | 一种天然药物组合物在降血糖药品及保健食品中的应用 | |
CN103285319B (zh) | 用于青春期多囊卵巢综合征的中药组合物 | |
CN105267944A (zh) | 一种用于糖尿病及其并发症的水蛭小肽有效部位药物 | |
CN103432420B (zh) | 一种治疗糖尿病的中药组合物及其制备方法和检测方法 | |
CN106551943A (zh) | 含有螺甾烷化合物的组合物及其用途 | |
CN104027652B (zh) | 一种降血糖中药制剂及其制备方法 | |
CN103784683B (zh) | 一种治疗肥胖症的中药组合物及其制备方法和应用 | |
CN1318034C (zh) | 用桑白皮提取物制备的药物制剂 | |
CN101249129B (zh) | 一种治疗糖尿病的中药提取物组合物及其医药用途 | |
CN101322767A (zh) | 一种治疗糖尿病的有效部位组合物及应用 | |
CN100355440C (zh) | 治疗ⅱ型糖尿病、降低血糖的中药复方制剂及其制备方法 | |
CN114796417B (zh) | 一种降血糖中药组方及其制备方法 | |
CN109123655A (zh) | 一种具有三高人群代餐调节功能的特医食品及制备方法 | |
CN108524477A (zh) | 治疗胃肠功能紊乱或肠易激综合症的辛弗林组合物及其应用 | |
CN108771683A (zh) | 治疗胃肠功能紊乱或肠易激综合症的芍药苷/辛弗林组合物及其应用 | |
CN107693576A (zh) | 一种用于治疗冠心病的中药组合物 | |
CN104069312B (zh) | 治疗中风的中药组合物及其制备方法、药物制剂和应用 | |
CN112694441B (zh) | C20二萜生物碱、其制备及治疗疼痛相关疾病的用途 | |
CN112168893B (zh) | 一种中药组合物用于改善围绝经期妇女综合征症的用途 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |