CN106536167B - 用于将安装元件安装到组件中的设备 - Google Patents

用于将安装元件安装到组件中的设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106536167B
CN106536167B CN201580021460.5A CN201580021460A CN106536167B CN 106536167 B CN106536167 B CN 106536167B CN 201580021460 A CN201580021460 A CN 201580021460A CN 106536167 B CN106536167 B CN 106536167B
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China
Prior art keywords
installation elements
component
equipment
installation
feeding unit
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CN201580021460.5A
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CN106536167A (zh
Inventor
拉尔夫·维特霍夫
乔森·哈特曼
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Wei Bo Screw Machine Co
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Wei Bo Screw Machine Co
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/06—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding
    • B29C65/0672—Spin welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/06—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding
    • B29C65/0681—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding created by a tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/06—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding
    • B29C65/069—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding the welding tool cooperating with specially formed features of at least one of the parts to be joined, e.g. cooperating with holes or ribs of at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/74—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area
    • B29C65/743—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using the same tool for both joining and severing, said tool being monobloc or formed by several parts mounted together and forming a monobloc
    • B29C65/7437—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using the same tool for both joining and severing, said tool being monobloc or formed by several parts mounted together and forming a monobloc the tool being a perforating tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/303—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect
    • B29C66/3032—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protrusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/30325—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protrusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined making use of cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/32—Measures for keeping the burr form under control; Avoiding burr formation; Shaping the burr
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/32—Measures for keeping the burr form under control; Avoiding burr formation; Shaping the burr
    • B29C66/322—Providing cavities in the joined article to collect the burr
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/47—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/474—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces said single elements being substantially non-flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/725—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being hollow-walled or honeycombs
    • B29C66/7252—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being hollow-walled or honeycombs hollow-walled
    • B29C66/72525—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being hollow-walled or honeycombs hollow-walled comprising honeycomb cores
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/725—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being hollow-walled or honeycombs
    • B29C66/7254—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being hollow-walled or honeycombs honeycomb structures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7311—Thermal properties
    • B29C66/73115—Melting point
    • B29C66/73116—Melting point of different melting point, i.e. the melting point of one of the parts to be joined being different from the melting point of the other part
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/746—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to inorganic materials not provided for in groups B29C66/742 - B29C66/744
    • B29C66/7465—Glass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/748—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to natural products or their composites, not provided for in groups B29C66/742 - B29C66/746
    • B29C66/7487—Wood
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/922—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/9231—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/92311—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the displacement of the joining tools with special measurement means or methods
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/924—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/9261—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the displacement of the joining tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/924—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/9261—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/92611—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the gap between the joining tools
    • B29C66/92615—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the gap between the joining tools the gap being non-constant over time
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B19/00—Bolts without screw-thread; Pins, including deformable elements; Rivets
    • F16B19/02—Bolts or sleeves for positioning of machine parts, e.g. notched taper pins, fitting pins, sleeves, eccentric positioning rings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/01—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of fastening elements specially adapted for honeycomb panels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/60—Riveting or staking
    • B29C65/606—Riveting or staking the rivets being integral with one of the parts to be joined, i.e. staking
    • B29C65/608—Riveting or staking the rivets being integral with one of the parts to be joined, i.e. staking the integral rivets being pushed in blind holes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/64—Joining a non-plastics element to a plastics element, e.g. by force
    • B29C65/645—Joining a non-plastics element to a plastics element, e.g. by force using friction or ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/84—Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
    • B29C66/863—Robotised, e.g. mounted on a robot arm
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2001/00—Articles provided with screw threads
    • B29L2001/002—Bolts

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Abstract

本发明公开了用于将安装元件安装到组件中的设备，安装元件包括第一塑料材料，组件包括第二塑料材料。该设备包括：旋转进给单元，通过该单元，能够将安装元件设置为围绕旋转轴旋转，同时，沿着旋转轴方向发挥作用的轴向力被施加在安装元件上，以便将安装元件推进到组件中，同时在安装元件和组件之间产生摩擦焊接连接；差分距离测量装置，用于测量组件表面和从动安装元件表面之间的差分距离；以及控制单元，用于根据测量的差分距离来控制旋转进给单元。

Description

用于将安装元件安装到组件中的设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于将安装元件安装到组件中的设备，其中，所述设备包括旋转进给单元，通过所述单元，可以将安装元件设置为围绕旋转轴旋转，同时，沿着旋转轴方向发挥作用的轴向力可以施加在安装元件上，以便将安装元件推进到组件中，同时在安装元件和组件之间产生摩擦焊接连接。
背景技术
此类设备是公知的，并且通常用于通过在这方面使用的金属安装元件连接金属部件。
发明内容
本发明的基本目的是提供一种设备，它适合于安装组件中的塑料安装元件，例如，含有塑料材料的元件。
该目的通过具有权利要求1中所述特征的设备来实现，特别是，该设备包括差分距离测量装置，用于测量组件表面和从动安装元件表面之间的差分距离，还包括控制单元，用于根据测量的差分距离来控制旋转进给单元。
本发明基于这样的认识，即组件的表面可以变形，并且特别是，可以通过摩擦焊接期间发生的热输入进行摩擦焊接，由此对塑料安装元件的安装部位进行局部挤压。然而，正确执行安装过程必不可少，以便在每个时间点，了解安装元件在组件中的确切穿透深度，特别是使得安装过程可以在正确的时间结束。传统的摩擦焊接设备用来连接表面没有发生显著变形的金属组件，因此不足以测量在塑料组件或可以相对容易变形的其他组件中对塑料安装元件进行安装时旋转进给单元的绝对进给。本发明与此类传统的摩擦焊接设备不同。
根据本发明的想法因此包括执行相对测量，更精确地确定安装元件相对于组件的进给。安装元件在组件中的实际穿透深度也总是以这种方式获知，例如，通过组件表面的凹形变形，而且可以根据测量的差分距离在期望的时间结束安装过程，例如在组件和/或安装元件的熔融材料以不希望的方式从安装点移动到组件表面并且变得可见之前。塑料组件中的塑料元件的安装因此可以借助于根据本发明的摩擦焊接设备可靠且可再现地进行。
例如，可以通过已安装的安装元件将两个组件连接在一起，其中，至少下部组件应具有塑料材料，以便建立材料与安装元件的连续性连接。上部组件同样可以具有塑料材料，在这种情况下，安装元件和上部组件之间也存在连续性连接。然而，也可以考虑，上部组件由诸如金属、玻璃或木材的非塑料材料形成。在这种情况下，上部组件应提供预冲孔，通过该预冲孔，安装元件可以穿透到下部组件中。在接合状态下，上部组件然后通过与所述上部组件接触的安装元件的头部夹紧到下部组件。
根据备选应用，安装元件仅安装到一个组件中。例如，此类安装元件可以用作螺钉的安装件，否则在组件的材料中不会发现任何夹紧，原因是，例如，组件的材料会形成蜂窝结构或者本身是泡沫材料。可以理解的是，用来容纳螺钉的安装元件可以提供相应的轴向孔，安装可能提供螺纹孔。安装元件也可以形成铰接部分，可以将其插入或以其他方式连接到另一安装元件上，该另一安装元件用于被安装在另一组件中并充当为对应的铰接部分。
可以从相关权利要求、说明和图纸中看到本发明的有利实施例。
根据可允许特别精确地确定进入组件的穿透深度的实施例，差分距离测量装置被布置在旋转轴的相邻位置。可以理解的是，差分距离测量越精确，越靠近旋转轴。对于最大宽度大约为1.5厘米的安装元件，旋转轴和差分距离测量位置之间的径向间距应该，例如不得大于3厘米，并且最好在1厘米至2厘米的范围内。
根据另一实施例，采用控制单元控制旋转进给单元，以便在达到最大预定差分距离时，安装元件在安装过程结束之前，在预定的时间段内旋转，轴向力和/或进给速度减小到至少近似为零。这有助于特别可靠的摩擦焊接连接，并且同时防止熔融金属侧向离开安装点。
为了能够在安装过程期间以特定的方式设置轴向力，以有利方式提供了力测量装置，以便测量施加在安装元件上的轴向力。通过这种方式，旋转进给单元可以通过控制单元以轴向力作为控制变量来进行调节。施加在安装元件上的转矩以及安装元件的每次旋转次数或安装元件的绝对转数可以被视为用于调节旋转进给单元的替代的或附加的控制变量。还可以设想，在多个阶段中操作安装过程，其中在至少两个阶段中使用不同的控制变量。
旋转进给单元最好具有电动进给驱动器。其在常规摩擦焊接设备中使用的气动进给驱动器方面具有优势，可以更准确地控制进给，这对于塑料安装元件的安装非常重要。
当旋转进给单元还具有电动旋转驱动器时，还另外实现特别简单的结构实施例。
根据另一实施例，该设备包括供给装置，用于从安装元件存储器自动供应安装元件。例如，所述供给装置可以具有气动供应设备，其借助于来自安装元件储存器的压缩空气完全自动地将安装元件射入到设备的供应头中，特别是，这是取之不尽的，但至少可再填充，其保持提供的用于与安装工具接合的安装元件。所述供给装置还可以包括拾取和放置系统，而不是气动供应设备。
根据供给装置的变型，所述设备可以包括包含有限数量安装元件的料盒。料盒可以固定地安装在设备上，使得其必须不时地重新存放安装元件。或者，料盒还可以可更换地安装在设备上，使得其在消耗所有安装元件之后仅需要用完整料盒更换。
本发明的另一主题是具有权利要求11中所述特征的方法，通过它，可以相应地实现上述优点。
根据该方法的实施例，安装元件被安装到非预冲压组件中。作为备选，所述组件也可以预冲压。例如，组件可以提供顶层，例如由诸如金属、玻璃或木材的非塑料材料制成，并具有预冲孔，安装元件可以安装到预冲孔中，使其在顶层后面熔化并形成倒扣。在这种情况下，已安装的安装元件因此可以在组件中被双重固定，即一方面通过自身材料与组件塑料材料的连续连接，另一方面通过接合在顶层后面的倒扣产生的机械锚固。
例如，组件的塑料材料可以是纤维增强的和/或可以形成蜂窝结构和/或可以包括泡沫材料。
安装元件的塑料材料理想地具有比组件的塑料材料更高的熔点，使得安装元件可以被推动到组件中并且在其表面上不会分解。
附图说明
下面将仅通过示例描述本发明，并参考可能的实施例和附图。具体如下：
图1A是根据本发明的摩擦焊接设备的侧视图；
图1B是图1A中设备的第一透视图；
图1C是图1A中设备的第二透视图；
图2是待安装和已安装在第一组件中的安装元件的截面图；
图3是待安装和已安装在第二组件中的安装元件的截面图；以及
图4是用于在安装之前和之后接合两个组件的安装元件的剖视图。
具体实施方式
摩擦焊接装置10在图1中示出，它用于在包括第二塑料材料的组件14中，安装包括第一塑料材料的安装元件12，将通过参考图2到4进行更详细的解释。
设备10包括承载板16，其在本实施例中被固定安装，并拥有导轨18，其在轴向方向上延伸，并且旋转进给单元20可以在此处在轴向上获得可移动的支撑。电动进给驱动器22用于沿着导轨18移动旋转进给单元20，在承载板16上紧邻旋转进给单元20安装，并经由进给轴24驱动旋转进给单元20。进给驱动器22用来使旋转进给单元20向前移动的轴向力，借助于集成在旋转进给单元20中的力测量装置（未显示）来测量。在设备10的控制单元（未显示）中评估测量的轴向力。
旋转进给单元20还具有电动旋转驱动器26，借助于所述旋转驱动器，工具安装件28，以及容纳在其中的安装元件12的专用工具29（图2到4），能够围绕旋转轴31沿轴向延伸。在安装过程期间施加的扭矩可以从旋转驱动器26的电流拾取中导出。这同样可以在控制单元中进行评估。
此外，差分距离测量装置30侧向附接到旋转进给单元20，并且包括感测箍32，其在图1中所示静止位置处的轴向方向上看到的工具安装件28上突出。感测箍32在旋转轴31的方向上弯曲，使得感测箍的前端34与旋转轴31具有大约2厘米的间隔。感测箍32的后端36连接到在旋转进给单元20处沿轴向可移动支撑的导杆38上。导杆38在远离感测箍32的部分中联接到复位弹簧，在此处采用包围导杆38的螺旋弹簧40的形式，为抵抗其返回力，感测箍32被支撑在组件14处，将安装元件12安装到组件14中时可以偏转。
在导杆38处提供非接触的可读刻度（没有更详细地显示），例如以标记磁条的形式，其中，在感测箍32的偏转中，移动经过以相对于导杆38固定的方式安装的距离传感器41，并适合读取刻度以便显示偏转距离，因此显示旋转进给单元20和感测箍32之间的差分距离，即最终显示安装元件12在组件14中的穿透深度。
容纳在工具安装件28中的工具29被装填入一安装元件12，以执行安装过程。这通常可以手动进行。然而，最好为此目的提供供应装置，例如气动供应设备（未显示），它会完全自动地将安装元件12射入本设备10的供应头（同样未显示），在其中，安装元件12与组件29接合。不使用气动供应设备，还可以考虑拾取和放置系统或料盒解决方案来供应安装元件12。
如图2所示，安装元件12具有关于纵向中心轴线42的旋转对称设计。它包括圆锥形基体44，在其头端处，领圈46径向突出，其下侧具有周边凹槽48。用于工具29的接合部50，例如六边形孔，在安装元件12的上侧提供。
安装元件12，例如通过注塑成型工艺，一体地由塑料材料制成，其熔点高于将要设定安装元件12的组件14的塑料材料熔点。图2中所示组件14包括由塑料或纸状材料制成的蜂窝结构52，其安装有由塑料制成的顶层54，例如纤维增强塑料。
为了将安装元件12安装到组件14中，与工具29接合的安装元件12被进给驱动器22向前推动，直到其接触组件14。同样支撑在组件14处的感测箍32在这种情况下已经偏转了一定距离，并且在该位置定义了用于差分距离测量的零点。
安装元件12由旋转进给单元20的旋转驱动器26设定为旋转，并且被带到摩擦焊接过程所需的转速。一旦达到这一转速，安装元件12就会被进给驱动器22推进到组件14中，同时施加期望的轴向力，安装元件12的基体44的护套表面55和组件14的相邻材料熔化并形成具有材料连续性的连接。
在旋转进给单元20的进给期间，使用差分距离测量装置30测量安装元件12在组件14中的穿透深度。一旦安装元件12穿透到组件14中的深度足以让领圈46的下侧与组件14的表面接触，施加到安装元件12的轴向力和/或进给速度通过停止进给驱动器22而减小到零，而安装元件12的旋转仍然可以保持一段特定时间，以便位于安装元件12的领圈46下侧处的凹槽48可以填充熔化的塑料材料，但是熔化的塑料材料不会向外移动超过领圈46。要结束安装过程，旋转驱动器26停止，并且通过将旋转进给单元20从安装元件12处移回，来释放工具29，并且可以冷却熔化的材料。可选地，在旋转驱动器26停止之后必须预留等待时间。
一种备选应用如图3所示，其中上述类型的安装元件12安装在组件14中，它包括塑料或纸状材料的蜂窝结构52和金属材料顶层54。顶层54提供了圆形预冲孔56，使得安装元件12可以穿透该孔。或者，预冲孔56也可以是非圆形的，例如是有角度的，由此，已安装的安装元件12可以稍后接收更高的旋转元件，例如，当螺钉被拧入安装元件12中时。
对于安装过程，安装元件12与预冲孔56对准，并且如参考图2所描述的那样被驱动，进入组件14的蜂窝结构52中。通过适当控制施加到安装元件12上的轴向力和安装元件12的速度，可以继续安装过程，使得安装元件12在顶层54下方变宽，并且以这种方式形成倒扣58，其提供了安装元件12与顶层14的形状匹配连接，此外，还提供安装元件12与蜂窝结构52的连续性材料连接。
应用示例如图4所示，其中，上述类型的安装元件12用于接合两个组件14a、14b。每个组件14a、14b都包括塑料材料，其熔点低于安装元件12的塑料材料的熔点。在接合过程中，组件14a、14b被彼此叠置，并且安装元件12以已经描述的方式通过上部组件14a被驱动到下部组件14b中，使其至少形成与下部组件14b的连续性材料连接。上部组件14a可以安装有预冲孔，以仅实现相对于下部组件14b的夹紧效果。
此处也通过差分距离测量装置30精确监测安装元件12的穿透深度，以及达到期望的穿透深度时施加在安装元件12上的轴向力，即当安装元件12的领圈46的下侧与上部组件14a的表面接触时，通过停止进给驱动器22而减小到零，而安装元件12仍然进一步旋转一段特定的时间。
最后必须注意到，与图1所示相反，设备10不一定必须以固定的方式安装。也可以设想以可移动的方式安装设备10，例如安装在多轴加工站中或在机器人臂处。在这方面的优点是，相比于金属组件的摩擦焊接，其使用非常低的轴向力便足以在塑料组件14中安装塑料安装元件12，使得利用设备10执行的安装过程，通常可以在没有组件14的具有足够刚度的组件14的反支承的情况下进行。
编号列表
10 设备
12 安装元件
14 组件
16 支撑板
18 导轨
20 旋转进给单元
22 进给单元
24 进给轴
26 旋转驱动器
28 工具安装件
29 工具
30 差分距离测量装置
31 旋转轴
32 感测箍
34 前端
36 后端
38 导杆
40 螺旋压缩弹簧
41 距离传感器
42 纵向中心轴
44 基体
46 领圈
48 凹槽
50 接合部
52 蜂窝结构
54 顶层
55 护套表面
56 预冲孔
58 倒扣

Claims (14)

1.用于将安装元件(12)安装到组件(14)中的设备(10)，所述安装元件包括第一塑料材料，所述组件包括第二塑料材料，所述设备包括
旋转进给单元(20)，通过该单元，能够将安装元件(12)设置为围绕旋转轴(31)旋转，同时，沿着旋转轴(31)方向发挥作用的轴向力被施加在安装元件(12)上，以便将安装元件(12)推进到组件(14)中，同时在安装元件(12)和组件(14)之间产生摩擦焊接连接；
差分距离测量装置(30)，用于测量组件(14)的用于安装所述安装元件的表面和被推进的安装元件(12)的前端表面之间的差分距离，以获得所述安装元件(12)在组件(14)中的穿透深度, 所述差分距离测量装置(30)被布置在邻近旋转轴(31)的位置；以及
控制单元，用于根据测量的差分距离来控制旋转进给单元(20)，所述控制单元用于控制所述旋转进给单元(20)，以使得在达到最大预定差分距离时，安装元件(12)在持续预定时间的安装过程结束之前保持旋转，且轴向力和/或进给速度减小到至少近似为零。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备(10)，
其特征在于还包括
力测量装置，用于测量施加在安装元件(12)上的轴向力。
3.根据权利要求2所述的设备(10)，
其特征在于
所述旋转进给单元(20)能够被所述控制单元将以下项目作为控制变量进行调节：施加到安装元件(12)的轴向力，施加在安装元件(12)上的转矩，安装元件(12)的每次旋转次数，和/或安装元件(12)的绝对转数。
4.根据权利要求1所述的设备(10)，
其特征在于
所述控制单元用于将安装过程划分为多个阶段，并至少在两个阶段，通过不同的控制变量调节旋转进给单元(20)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的设备(10)，
其特征在于
所述旋转进给单元(20)具有电动进给驱动器(22)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的设备(10)，
其特征在于
所述旋转进给单元(20)具有电动旋转驱动器(26)。
7.根据权利要求1所述的设备(10)，
其特征在于还包括
供给装置，用于从安装元件存储器自动供应安装元件(12)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的设备(10)，
其特征在于：
所述供给装置包括气动供应设备，或拾取和放置系统，或料盒，所述料盒包含有多个安装元件(12)。
9.根据权利要求8所述的设备(10)，
其特征在于：
所述料盒是可更换的料盒。
10.用于将安装元件(12)安装到组件(14)中的方法，所述安装元件包括第一塑料材料，所述组件包括第二塑料材料，所述方法包括
安装元件(12)通过旋转进给单元(20)设定为旋转，并且通过轴向力作用，将安装元件(12)推进到组件(14)中，同时在安装元件(12)和组件(14)之间产生摩擦焊接连接；
使用差分距离测量装置(30)测量组件(14)的用于安装所述安装元件的表面和被推进的安装元件(12)的前端表面之间的差分距离，以获得所述安装元件(12)在组件(14)中的穿透深度, 所述差分距离测量装置(30)被布置在邻近旋转轴(31)的位置；以及
使用控制单元，根据测量的差分距离来控制旋转进给单元(20)，在达到最大预定差分距离时，轴向力和/或进给速度减小到至少近似为零，同时所述安装元件(12)在预定的时间段内保持旋转。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法，
其特征在于
所述组件(14)提供带有预冲孔(56)的顶层(54)，安装元件(12)被安装到预冲孔(56)中，以便其在顶层(54)后面熔化，并形成倒扣(58)。
12.据权利要求11所述的方法，
其特征在于
所述顶层(54)由塑料材料形成或由金属、玻璃或木材形成。
13.根据权利要求10到12中任意一项所述的方法，
其特征在于
所述组件(14)的塑料材料是纤维增强的和/或形成蜂窝结构(52)和/或拥有泡沫材料。
14.根据权利要求10到12中任意一项所述的方法，
其特征在于
所述安装元件(12)的塑料材料的熔点高于组件(14)的塑料材料的熔点。
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