CN102292207A - 用于将混合组件连接到弹性变形工件上的方法和设备 - Google Patents

用于将混合组件连接到弹性变形工件上的方法和设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102292207A
CN102292207A CN2009801550580A CN200980155058A CN102292207A CN 102292207 A CN102292207 A CN 102292207A CN 2009801550580 A CN2009801550580 A CN 2009801550580A CN 200980155058 A CN200980155058 A CN 200980155058A CN 102292207 A CN102292207 A CN 102292207A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
workpiece
coupling assembling
fastening means
metal part
connection device
Prior art date
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Pending
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CN2009801550580A
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English (en)
Inventor
克劳斯-吉斯伯特.施米特
安德烈亚斯.贝克
莱因霍尔德.奥珀
迈克尔.施米特
雷玛.萨尔滕伯格
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Newfrey LLC
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Newfrey LLC
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Publication of CN102292207A publication Critical patent/CN102292207A/zh
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3468Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the means for supplying heat to said heated elements which remain in the join, e.g. special electrical connectors of windings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K37/00Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K37/04Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3472Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3476Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint being metallic
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3604Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3644Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being a ribbon, band or strip
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/44Joining a heated non plastics element to a plastics element
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/44Joining a heated non plastics element to a plastics element
    • B29C65/46Joining a heated non plastics element to a plastics element heated by induction
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7841Holding or clamping means for handling purposes
    • B29C65/7847Holding or clamping means for handling purposes using vacuum to hold at least one of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112Single lapped joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/47Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/474Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces said single elements being substantially non-flat
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/816General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8161General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps said pressing elements being supported or backed-up by springs or by resilient material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/818General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps
    • B29C66/8181General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects
    • B29C66/81811General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects of the welding jaws
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/818General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps
    • B29C66/8181General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects
    • B29C66/81811General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects of the welding jaws
    • B29C66/81812General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects of the welding jaws the welding jaws being cooled from the outside, e.g. by blowing a gas or spraying a liquid
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/82Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
    • B29C66/822Transmission mechanisms
    • B29C66/8223Worm or spindle mechanisms
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/82Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
    • B29C66/822Transmission mechanisms
    • B29C66/8227Transmission mechanisms using springs
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/84Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
    • B29C66/863Robotised, e.g. mounted on a robot arm
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91211Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods
    • B29C66/91212Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods involving measurement means being part of the welding jaws, e.g. integrated in the welding jaws
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91211Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods
    • B29C66/91216Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods enabling contactless temperature measurements, e.g. using a pyrometer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
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    • B29C66/912Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91221Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91231Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature of the joining tool
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91421Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the joining tools
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90Measuring or controlling the joining process
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Robotics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于将混合连接组件(10)轴向连接到工件(12)的方法和设备(8),其中连接工具(10)包括热塑性连接部分(16,17)和可被加热的金属部分(18),该方法包括以下步骤:将连接组件(10)轴向下降到工件(12)的表面上;加热金属部分(18)使得连接部分(16,17)至少部分地熔化;终止对金属部分(18)的加热使得连接组件(10)与工件(12)的表面压配合,互锁和/或整体联接。在此情况下,至少在金属部分(18)被加热的过程中连接组件(10)相对于工件(12)利用调节力保持和/或被保持在调节位置,用这种方式不需要任何相对支承可将可将连接组件(10)连接到工件(12)的表面。

Description

用于将混合组件连接到弹性变形工件上的方法和设备
本发明涉及一种将连接组件连接到工件的方法,还涉及一种尤其用于实现如所述连接方法的连接设备。
一般而言,本发明涉及将如附联元件之类的连接组件连接到如车身组件之类的工件上的领域。在这种情况下,象这样的附联元件通常具有两个功能部分,第一是凸缘部分,借助该部分可与工件联接。第二,连接组件通常具有保持部分,例如,该保持部分可以是附联轴的形式,以便将如塑料夹之类的其他附联元件固定在其上。
长期以来,已知的象这样的连接组件是由金属构成的焊接螺柱,借助所谓的螺柱焊可将连接组件焊接到如金属车身板之类的工件上。这类附联方式的优点是,即使在只能从一侧接近工件时也能将这样的焊接螺柱焊接到工件上。
还已知的是,可将这些金属螺柱粘合地接合到金属车身板上。在这种情况下,螺柱凸缘部分的连接表面提供有通过对螺柱加热可活性化的热塑性胶粘剂,以便与工件的所述面形成压配合粘合联接(force-fitting adhesiveconnection)。用于螺柱粘合的设备,例如,可从文献DE 10 2004 012 786A1中获知。在这种情况下,螺柱被保持设备保持并被相对于被保持的螺栓的杆部分同轴安置的感应线圈加热。此外,通过线性驱动装置可使设于连接设备上的支架朝工件运动,以将螺柱压到工件上。当黏合剂被活化并被液化后,围绕凸缘部分的外缘形成黏合剂珠体(bead)。
在类似的设备(US-A-4,355,222)中,事先将螺柱放置在工件上,然后借助连接工具将螺柱压抵工件,同时使黏合剂活化。
文献DE 10 2006 059 337A1公开了一种用于联接由热塑性材料构成的部件的方法,其中支架形式的连接组件被连接到由塑料制成的机动车保险杠上。具有孔、突起和/或凹陷的联接元件被设置在彼此需要联接的部件的表面之间。联接元件被设计成施加可变磁场时对该元件加热。结果,表面的热塑性材料被熔化。被熔化的材料固化时,将导致至少在所述表面和联接元件之间的联接,因而导致经由联接元件在所述部件之间的联接。事先可将联接元件联接到需被联接的那些部件之一上。此外,在连接工序的过程中,联接元件可经由被安置在工件的与连接组件相对的那侧的感应加热设备被感应加热。
针对所述背景技术,本发明的目的是提供一种更好的连接方法和更好的连接设备。
一方面,所述目的通过将混合连接组件轴向连接到工件上的方法来实现,其中连接组件具有热塑性连接部分和可被加热的金属部分,该方法包括以下步骤:
a)将连接组件轴向降低到工件的表面上;
b)加热金属部分使得连接部分至少部分地熔化;
c)终止金属部分的加热使得连接组件与工件的表面形成压配合,互锁和/或整体联接,
其中,至少在加热所述金属部分的过程中相对于工件以不使用任何相对支承就能将连接组件连接到工件表面的方式力调节地和/或位置调节地保持连接组件,其中可将相对支承理解为支承在连接区之后、工件的后侧上的意思。
此外,所述目的可通过特别适用于实施所述连接方法的连接设备来实现,该连接设备包括:
a)连接工具,其上保持有连接组件,其被设计成使连接组件沿轴向方运动到工件的表面上,和
b)用于加热连接组件的金属部分的加热装置。
根据本发明的方法通过只从一侧接近可以将混合连接组件连接到工件上。
一般而言,可将本发明的连接方法用于所有类型的具有热塑性连接部分和可被加热的金属部分的混合连接组件。例如,连接组件可具有带有凸缘部分的由金属构成的基底主体,在凸缘部分的连接面施加有热塑性连接部分,例如可被加热活化的黏合剂。但是,特别优选的是,连接组件具有由热塑性材料构成的基底主体,组件通常限定出套管部分和凸缘部分,其中金属部分被整体成型于凸缘部分内。
这样的连接组件在由相同申请人、且与本专利申请同日提交的、名称为“Joining component and method for production of a joining component”的德国专利申请中已描述。此相应专利申请的全部内容作为本申请的参考。
工件可以是任何需要的工件,例如,金属板、玻璃板等。但特别优选的是,由热塑性材料构成的工件。
在本申请中,词语轴向下降的含义不仅指沿重力向下方向的运动,还包括朝向工件的任何期望的运动,也就是说,例如,沿与重力方向相反的方向朝向工件表面的运动(在上面的(overhead)连接)。
此外,可将工件设计成其可沿轴线方向弹性变形。这应理解成,一方面是指工件材料本身可弹性变形。但特别应理解成,意指工件可沿轴线方向弹性偏离,因为没有使用相对支承。
当工件沿轴线方向变形时,相对于工件,借助本发明的连接组件的力和位置调节,通过可靠的工序也可形成连接组件和工件之间的接缝联接部(joint connection)。
若将混合连接组件连接到如由热塑性料构成的板之类的热塑性工件,至少在一些部位可一体地形成已完成的(finished)接缝联接部,也就是说,这种接缝联接部可以具有很高的保持力。在这种情况下,也可以将此称为热塑性焊接法。
本发明的方法尤其优选适用于沿轴线方向可弹性变形的工件,其中在金属部分被加热之前使连接组件降低到工件的表面上,使得工件沿轴线方向变形。
一方面,这种措施可以获得连接组件的连接部分和工件表面之间可靠的接触。此外,在实施该连接方法的过程中,工件弹性地使其自身复原的能力能够有助于在大区域内实现“密”缝(“close”joint)连接。
在这种情况下,若在降低到表面的开始或降低到表面的过程中确定零点,以便确定未变形状态下工件表面的轴向位置则尤其优选。
零点的这种确定可以调节连接组件相对于工件的零点表面的位置。这可提高接缝联接的质量。
另一方面,在该实施例中,借助被安置在连接工具上的距离传感器可以确定零点,在实施本连接方法的过程中连接组件被保持在连接工具上。
作为示例,如这样的距离传感器可以是激光传感器等,借助这种距离传感器可以非常准确地测量传感器和零点之间的距离。当然,距离传感器也可以是可确定所述距离的某种其他光学或电子组件。在最简单的情况下,距离传感器不必能够测量不同的距离而只要在工件轴向变形之前、在连接组件的连接表面到达工件的表面时提供零点信号。
然而,若能够通过改变连接组件轴向下降所需的力来确定零点则特别优选。
在该实施例中,单独的距离传感器不是完全必不可少的。事实上,通过确定连接组件触及工件时力的变化可以确定零点。
为此,有利的是,使连接组件以恒定速度(特别是具有速度调节)朝工件运动,以允许方便地检测力的变化。
在此实施例中,可借助检测此力的力传感器,例如压力测量盒、应变计片等直接确定该力。但是,尤其优选的是,借助使连接组件下降到工件上的作动器的力来间接确定力的变化。例如,作动器可以是线性电动机。在这种情况下,所述力可以与控制线性电动机的电流成比例。然而,例如,可通过在流体作动器的情况下的流体压力间接地检测力。此外,作动器可以是电磁作动器,在这种情况下通过电流可以再次确定所述力。
最后,借助机械弹簧使连接组件朝工件运动也是可行的。在这种情况下,例如,通过弹簧挠曲的时间分布图(time profile)可以间接地计算出所述力。
再者,总的来说,优选的是,工件的弹性被包括在零点的确定中。可事先对工件的弹性进行测定或编程,结果在相应的连接方法中不需要进行单独检测。
根据另一优选实施例,在金属部分被加热之前,可使连接组件运动到工件已弹性变形的预定初始连接位置。
具体地说,在确定了零点之后可执行向初始连接位置的运动,于是可以使用位置调节来调整预定的初始连接位置。
在这种情况下,特别优选的是,在确定零点的同时,使初始连接位置处于零点和工件的变形之间。
在本实施例中,具体地通过连接组件触及工件时引起的力的变化确定零点。在这种情况下,工件通常已经相对极大地发生了弹性变形,以允许连接组件以相当高的速度下降到工件上。此后,在金属部分被加热之前,连接组件随后运动到轴向初始连接位置,在该位置连接组件的连接表面处于略低于零点的位置,即,具体地说,在确定零点时相对于工件的变形向回移动。
总之,优选的是,至少在金属部分加热的部分过程中(during a section ofthe heating of the metal section)将连接组件和工件之间的相对位置调节在目标位置上。
在金属部分被加热的同时,作为连接组件和工件彼此压靠的结果,连接部分的热塑性材料熔化并移位,致使在金属部分被加热时连接组件和工件之间的相对位置可以变化。
就不能变形的刚性工件而言,热塑性材料在这种情况下被侧向压出以便形成珠体。在这种情况下,在此工序中,由于接触力,使连接组件进一步朝工件运动。
如果工件能够轴向变形,借助工件的弹性恢复力可以施加接触力的至少一部分。
如果工件由热塑性材料构成,在金属部分被加热时工件的表面部分也将熔化。在这种情况下,热塑性材料可以流进凸缘部分区域内未经填充的空腔中,或可在侧面被压出。
将混合连接组件连接到热塑性工件时,还优选的是,在已完成的接缝联接部中可获得一定量的熔透(penetration),因此使已完成的接缝联接中的连接部分的初始连接表面定位在工件的所述表面下方(即,零点之下)。这可形成特别紧密的接缝联接。
在该实施例中,连接组件和工件之间的相对位置是位置调节的优选对象因此可获得预定的熔透。
然而,如这样的位置调节在不是由热塑性材料构成的刚性工件的情况下也是有利的。
根据再一优选实施例,至少在加热金属部分的部分过程中借助调节到目标力可设定连接组件和工件之间的相对位置,利用该目标力将连接组件压到工件上。
在该实施例中,通过力调节设定相对位置,所述力调节的方式是可以满意地补偿改变的限制因素(改变材料特征,等)。
在这种情况下,如果当连接组件和工件之间的相对位置到达预定的最大相对位置时将力调节转换为位置调节是特别优选的。
在该实施例中,在力调节过程中还可连续地测量连接组件和工件之间的相对位置。当达到预定的最大相对位置时,完全转换(changeover)成位置调节。这样做可以防止连接组件被迫达到工件的相对的表面。另外,这能获得更一致的连接结果。
在上文中还提到了目标位置或目标力,这可以与固定的预设变量相关。但是,在这种情况下其也可与预定位置或力分布图相关。
总之,如果工件由热塑性材料构成,且如果金属部分被加热使得连接组件的连接部分和工件的表面部分熔化,如前面已提到的称为热塑性焊接是优选的。
总之,优选的是,连接组件具有带凸缘部分的热塑性基底主体,金属元件被集成于该凸缘部分内,其中执行所述连接方法使得金属元件完全被已完成的接缝联接部中的热塑性材料包围。
此措施能封装金属元件使之与周围的大气隔离。具体地说,此方法能避开已完成的接缝联接部中的侵蚀问题。
根据总体来说是优选的另一实施例,连接组件具有带有凸缘部分的热塑性基底主体,金属元件被集成在该凸缘部分中,致使金属部分被凸缘部分的外缘包围,随着本连接方法的进行可使外缘熔化。
外缘的熔化能够促进金属元件被完全包围于已完成的接缝联接部中。
另一方面,外缘的熔化还利于获得金属元件和热塑性材料之间沿径向方向的互锁联接。
此外,总的来说,如果至少在金属部分加热的过程中测量连接区的温度是优选的,以这种方式测得的温度被包括在本连接方法的控制中。
这可简化调节方法以便改变限制因素。
总之,若能监控连接区的外缘区域中形成的且由热塑性材料构成的珠体的形状也是优选的,用这种方式测得的所述形状被包括在本连接方法的控制中。
在这种情况下,所述相应测得的形状,例如,可以归属于模式识别(patternrecognition)过程且可以与先前的存储模式进行比较。
这能观察到珠体形状的发展过程,且可被包括在本连接方法的控制中。
可供选择的是,为了在接缝联接完成后确定是否正确地形成了接缝联接部,可以采用珠体形状的检测以用于过程监控。
就本发明的连接设备而言,如果加热装置具有带有线圈和铁氧体磁芯的感应加热装置则特别有利,其中铁氧体磁芯具有套管部分,且其中连接组件可被保持在连接工具上,使得连接组件的保持部分被套管部分包围。
在此实施例中,可将加热装置的运行设计成高效的。此外,加热装置能够方便地与保持装置物理地组合。
如果将套管部分有利地联接到真空保持装置则特别符合实际情况,该真空保持装置被设计成在连接组件的保持部分上施加真空保持力。
在该实施例中,特别有利的是,保持装置不必具有处于感应加热装置区域内的任何令人烦恼的金属部分。实际上,可借助真空保持连接组件。
若连接工具具有被设计成测量连接区的温度的、相关联的温度传感器也是有利的。
这可以提高利用所述连接设备来实现本连接方法的质量。
在这种情况下,将温度传感器安置在套管部分上特别有利。
作为示例,套管部分具有轴向贯通其的孔,可使温度传感器经由该孔运动到连接区的附近。在这种情况下,优选传感器由非金属材料构成,例如,由用于承载热射线的玻璃纤维构成,在这种方式中,被施加在金属部分上的感应场不与其相互干扰或不显著地与其相互干扰。
根据再一优选实施例,加热装置和用来保持连接组件的保持装置被安置在支架上,借助线性驱动装置该支架可相对于连接工具的壳体运动。
在本实施例中,将连接组件下降到工件上的步骤可通过支架执行。接缝联接部一完成,支架就可迅速地运动再次离开连接区。最后,可以使用支架拾取用于另外的连接工序的新连接组件。
特别优选的是,对于连接设备而言具有用于检测支架位置的位置传感器。
在该实施例中,尤其可在加热金属部分之前和在加热过程中实现位置调节。此外,由于借助由作动器施加到支架的力可间接地、不使用任何附加传感器地执行该过程,可利用位置传感器确定零点。
根据再一优选实施例,连接设备具有用于检测连接组件被按压到工件上的力的力传感器。
力传感器可以是如压力测量盒之类的单独的传感器。当然,力传感器也可以是测量作动器的被操作变量,例如,线性马达的电流的传感器。
连接设备具有用于检测连接工具的空间方位的方位传感器也是优选的。
这可以在考虑重力的情况下实现力调节,因为在力调节过程中可以包括与连接工具是否向下或向上(“在上面”)对准有关的因素。
另外,连接工具具有旋转作动器也是优选的,通过该旋转作动器在工件运动之前或工件运动期间连接组件可对准于围绕纵向轴线的预定旋转位置。
本方法可以在将连接组件置于工件上之前旋转连接组件,以便沿旋转方向相对于工件获得正确的相对方位,该连接组件具有不平的、但与弯曲的工件表面配合的凸缘部分。
总之,连接工具和/或加热装置具有用于可被传输到超级控制单元的识别代码的存储装置(store)也是有利的。
该存储装置优选为电子类型并能够分配连接工具和/或加热装置运行参数,储存这些运行参数以用于,例如,在超级控制单元内的特定识别代码。当然,可选的是,也可将这些运行参数直接储存在所述存储装置中,然后通过超级控制单元读取它们。
作为示例,可用在温度方面的承载能力作为运行参数。作为示例,对于不同类型的连接工具和加热装置可以具有不同的温度承载能力。可将所述驱动(drive)限定为超级控制单元中温度承载能力的函数,致使连接工具和加热装置在温度方面没有过载。作为示例,当通过控制单元向连接工具提供交流电流时,这可通过限制脉冲宽度来实现。可选的是,还可将向连接工具提供的电压值限制在与类型有关的基准上。
总而言之,本发明的连接方法和本发明的连接工具能够具有以下优越性中的至少之一:
可将热塑性连接组件连接到只从一侧可接近的工件上,而不需要任何相对支承。
可以在考虑连接组件的形状的情况下,以在相同类型或不同类型的热塑性组件和集成的金属部分之间形成互锁、压配和/或整体联接的方式实施本方法。
感应加热装置的铁氧体磁芯可以是纯粹的套管形式,但是也可以呈带有矩形横截面的U-芯形式,或具有矩形或圆形横截面的E-芯形式。
象这样的用于感应加热装置的线圈可以从1圈最大多达100圈。
此外,感应加热装置还可配备温度传感器系统以便检测线圈的温度。在此基础上可以借助如冷却空气之类的冷却介质对线圈进行冷却。
可以通过连接组件的连接凸缘的温度,准确地说,例如通过凸缘部分的上面上的、与连接区相对的玻璃纤维线上的温度间接测量连接区温度。
用于产生降低的压力的气力作动元件可被集成到连接工具中,且可被用来拾取和保持连接组件和/或提供冷却空气和/或用于气动操作的支架运动。可将气力作动元件联接到传感器系统用于压力和/或降低的压力测量,以便能够识别连接工具中压缩空气的存在和/或保持装置中连接组件的存在。
为了执行驱动动作,以便例如,经由串行数据传输将测量值和特征数据传输到超级控制单元,和/或接收来自超级控制单元的控制数据,可在连接工具内设置辅助控制电子器件。
连接工具可经由混合线联接到超级控制单元,混合线包括,例如,用于动力传输的线(用于加热装置的运行)、数据线和/或用于压缩空气或降低的压力供应的压缩空气管路。
为了能够在与位置相关的基础上以相同的连接参数进行工作,可将感应加热装置和保持装置设计成具有在几何学上和电学上用于在感应加热装置和连接组件之间产生磁性耦联区域的感应加热装置和保持装置,以便手动地和自动地将连接组件连接到工件上。
在薄工件的情况中,优选的是,在金属部分的加热过程中,进行力和/或位置调节,使得在工件的后面上不出现可见的或能发现的变形。
在自动连接工具的情况下,在每一连接工序之前可以单独拾取连接组件,例如,从供应站拾取。
此外对于自动连接工具而言,还可以在每种情况下输送预定数量的连接组件(例如,在储料器中)。然后可以进行多次连接工序直到储料器腾空且需要更换储料器为止。
具体地说,当附联元件具有热塑性基底主体时,这些附联元件彼此以带状形式保持或链接于储料器内,同时在连接工具内进行分离。
一般而言,在连接工序之前,在供给站使连接组件分离并在每种情况下借助柔性供给管单个地将连接组件供给到连接工具也是可行的。
另外,可以通过来自传感器的储存数据和其他连接参数监控本连接方法。此外,连接到热塑性工件时,可以测量相应熔透,该相应熔透可具有层叠在其上的包络曲线。
甚至可以在连接工具被拉出已完成的接缝联接部之前确定这种熔透。
再有,可相对每一连接位置测量连接过程的温度分布且可具有对应的层叠在其上的包络曲线,以便在与包络曲线不一致时发出维修指示等。
一般而言,可将包络曲线超出或未达到的接缝联接描绘成可疑的接缝联接,如果这些连接过程由受限的频率引起,可使维修措施初始化。
借助在公差超过或未达到,或被指示为可疑连接过程中止相应的连接过程,零点的测量结果和所达到的熔透可能承受最大容许公差,。
连接组件被按压到工件上引起的连接力的范围可从1到100N。
可借助光学传感器(“编码器”)或磁阻位置传感器检测支架的位置。可从位置检测(例如处于设置在连接工具内的控制装置中)获得支架的速度和加速。
连接组件被按压到工件上引起力可经由力传感器(例如,力测量盒)直接检测或经由如线性马达的电流之类的作动器受控变量间接检测。
代替用于检测连接工具在三维空间中的方位的独立传感器,还可从力测量的结果中计算出所述方位。
不言而喻,上面所提到的特性和还需在下文中描述的那些特性不仅用于各种被陈述的组合,在不超出本发明范围的情况下也用于其他组合或单独使用它们。
在下文和附图中将更详细地解释本发明的一些示例性实施例,附图中:
图1示出了本发明的用于将连接组件连接到工件的连接设备的一示意性实例;
图1a示出了对于热塑性工件的已完成的接缝联接部;
图1b示出了对于由如金属之类不能熔化的材料构成的工件的已完成的接缝联接部;
图2为用图表显示出支架的轴向运动、用于使支架运动的线性马达的电流、及用于感应加热装置启动的电流相对于时间的示意性简图,用以图解说明本发明的连接方法;
图3示出了图2所示方法的改型;
图4示出了用图表显示的施加到连接组件的力相对于所述位置的一实例,用以图解说明本发明的连接方法;
图5示出了用图表显示的连接工具的支架位置相对于用于确定零点的时间的一些实例;
图6和7示出了用图表显示的用于支架位置分布图的包络曲线相对于时间的一些实例,以便确定可疑连接过程;
图8为本发明连接工具的另一实施例的纵向截面示意图;
图9为本发明连接工具的又一实施例的纵向截面示意图;
图10为贯穿本发明连接工具的再一实施例的纵向截面示意图;
图11为本发明连接工具的另一实施例的纵向截面示意性侧视图;
图12以示意性侧视图的形式示出了本发明连接工具的又一实施例。
在图1中,本发明的连接设备的第一实施例总体用附图标记8表示。
连接设备8被用来执行将混合连接组件10连接到工件12的连接工序。
连接组件10具有由金属构成的基底主体11,但其优选地由热塑性材料制成。基底主体11具有保持部分14和凸缘部分16,借助保持部分能保持连接组件10,借助凸缘部分能将连接组件10连接到工件12的表面。
在具有热塑性基底主体的图示实施例中,呈扁平金属元件形式的金属部分18设有一体地处于凸缘部分16中的孔。金属部分18与凸缘部分16的外缘17一起形成连接表面19。
可选地,若基底主体11由金属构成,可将热塑性黏合剂施加到凸缘16的下面。
本说明书的其余部分大体基于连接组件10,该连接组件具有热塑性基底主体11,金属部分18被集成于基底主体的凸缘部分16中。然而,也可将相应的描述以相同的方式应用到具有由金属构成的基底主体11的连接组件10。
连接设备8具有连接工具20,在图示的示例中,该连接工具呈连接头的形式,其被安装在机器人22的臂24上。
此外,连接设备8具有用于供电和用于控制的设备26,例如可以固定不动的方式将设备26沿机器人22的侧面安置。在下文中,将这种设备26总称为控制单元26。
控制单元26由优选为柔性的混合连接线28联接到连接工具20。混合连接线28,例如,可配备有用于供电的线路、控制线路和/或向连接工具20供应压缩空气或减压的压缩空气管路。
可选地,连接工具20也可以是手动操作的连接工具。在这种情况下,在连接工具20上设有用于手动操作的合适构件。
连接工具20具有连接头壳体30,在连接头壳体上安装有支架32使得支架能沿轴线方向A运动。借助示意性地示出的线性驱动装置34,例如,线性电动机或气力传动装置,支架32可轴向运动,如箭头35所示。
此外,连接工具20包括辅助控制装置36,其接收来自控制单元26的控制信号并向控制单元26发送过程监控信号。
再者,连接工具20包括用于保持连接组件10的保持部分14的保持装置38,该保持装置38可由示意地示出的作动器39操作。
图1中示意地示出的保持装置38是机械保持装置,但优选是真空保持装置,该装置通过施加真空可将连接组件10固定到支架32。
另外,支架32上设有加热装置40,可将该加热装置设计成加热金属部分18(或在基底主体为金属基底主体的情况下加热基底主体本身),以便用这种方式熔化凸缘部分16的可熔化连接部分和/或工件12的所述表面。
借助弹簧42对支架32施加预应力使支架进入连接头壳体30。随后线性驱动装置34抵抗弹簧42的力使支架32运动离开连接头壳体30。
连接工具20还配备有用于检测支架32的位置的位置传感器44(因此检测保持在其上的连接组件10的位置)。连接工具20还包括力传感器46,借助该力传感器可以检测连接组件10被压抵工件12的力。
最后,连接工具20优选包括用于检测连接工具20的空间方位的方位传感器48,以及用于检测连接区温度的温度传感器50。例如,通过测量凸缘部分16的上面上的温度还可间接地测量连接区的温度。
最后,连接工具20可具有珠体形状传感器52,借助该传感器可光学地检测在连接工序过程中在凸缘部分的外缘上形成的珠体形状。可将该珠体的形状与事先储存的珠体的标准形状相比较,以便以这种方式提供过程的监控。
如将在下文中描述的那样,在连接工序过程中连接工具20和工件12的所述表面之间的相对距离是重要的。因此,在连接工具20上可设置距离传感器53以测量该距离。可将距离传感器53安置在连接头壳体30或支架32上。
连接设备8还包括组件供应站54,在该供应站设有已被分离并可通过机器人22的操作拾取并通过支架32的运行进入连接工具20内的连接组件10,从而使连接过程初始化。
通常,可将连接组件10的凸缘部分16设计成扁平的、优选为圆形的凸缘部分。当然,尤其当工件12的表面在连接组件10要被连接的点处是非扁平的情况下,还可将凸缘部分16设计成使其为非扁平的。为了保证连接组件10围绕纵向轴线A沿准确方位定位,连接工具另外可具有旋转作动器56,以便使连接组件10围绕纵向轴线A相对于连接头壳体30旋转。
再者,在连接工具上中可设置用于识别代码的存储装置58。识别代码可识别连接工具20,例如,特定类型的连接工具和/或每个单独的连接工具。可选地或附加地,例如,也可将这样的存储装置58设置在支架32上以便识别这类或每个单独的加热装置40。
可将控制单元26设计成读取识别代码,这也可例如,基于更换机器人22上的连接头20自动完成。
然后借助识别代码在控制单元26中可推导出各连接工具20的(相应加热装置40的)具体操作参数,例如,温度承载能力。这允许在控制单元26中限定出用于设定参数的界限,以这种方式在操作过程中能够实现无损害运行模式(特别是无损害加热)。作为示例,可通过影响供应到连接工具20的电力来实现所述界限。在使用脉冲电源的情况下,例如,可以限制脉冲宽度。或者,可以减小从供应连接工具20的脉冲电源所得到的输入DC电压的数值。
图1a和1b示出了已完成的接缝联接部60,其由图1中所示的连接设备产生。
图1a示出了具有热塑性基底主体11的连接组件10,其如图1所示具有凸缘部分16,在该凸缘部分的下面上集成有金属部分18。
此外,在图1a中的已完成接缝联接部60的情况中,工件12由热塑性材料构成。如所看到的那样,一方面,围绕金属部分18的珠体62形成于凸缘部分16的外圆周上处于已完成的接缝联接部60中。更准确地说,在接缝联接部60中的金属部分18被凸缘部分16的、珠体62的和工件12的热塑性材料完全包围,从而避免侵蚀问题。
金属部分18具有多个轴向通孔,凸缘部分16的熔化物和工件12的熔化物可通过这些通孔联接,以便准确地形成整体联接部66。此外,以这种方式并通过包括金属部分18可以沿径向方向获得互锁联接部64。在每种情况下金属部分18经由金属部分18的上面和下面上的压配合部68与相邻的热塑性材料联接。
如图1a中还可看到的那样,在已完成的接缝联接部60中的连接组件10通过进入工件12的表面中的轴向量完成熔透。在当前的情况下,此量被称为“熔深(penetration)”70。
图1b示出了已完成的接缝联接部60的可选实施例。在该情况下,连接组件10同样配备有由热塑性材料构成的基底主体11,但是,在这种情况下,例如,工件12不能被熔化且由金属或玻璃或类似材料构成。在此情况下,在金属部分18的整个下面上设有热塑性材料,致使在连接组件10的以这种方式形成的连接部分和工件12的所述表面之间产生压配合联接部68。还是在此情况下,借助金属部分18和在连接工序过程中施加在连接组件10上的一定量的压力连接部分被加热和熔化,使得已熔化的热塑性材料漏出侧面并形成珠体62,在这种方式中金属部分18在这种情况下也完全被热塑性材料包围。为此,通常需要在金属部分18和工件12的表面之间保留一定剩余厚度的热塑性材料72。
此外,在图1b中的实施例中,还可能例如,从与金属部分18成一体的金属中形成基底主体11。
另外,在图1a所示的实施例中,还可以提供带有由金属构成的基底主体11的连接组件10,在基底主体的下面上设有热塑性材料,热塑性材料被熔化并与工件12的熔化物混合,由此可以获得整体联接。
图2示出了连接工序80的步骤,以便准确地用于带有热塑性基底主体11的混合连接组件10的情况,连接组件10被连接到由热塑性材料构成的工件12上。此外,在本实施例中,工件12沿轴线方向可弹性变形,也就是说,工件例如,为由热塑性材料构成的相对薄的塑料板形状,对其施加压力时其整体可沿轴线方向偏离。
图2中上部实例示出了用图表显示的支架32的位置s相对于时间的情况。中央实例示出了用图表显示的线性驱动装置34的电流iL相对于时间t的情况。下部实例示出了感应加热装置40的电流i1
本连接方法最初开始于支架32返回运动已完全进入连接头壳体30中,且连接组件10被保持在保持装置38上。图2中支架32的此位置由s1表示。在时间t1,向线性驱动装置34供给电流iL,准确地说是具有第一值I1的电流。这导致支架32抵抗弹簧42的力运动离开连接头壳体30,准确地说是朝向工件12运动。在这种情况下,支架32优选以恒定速度运动,因此得到线性运动分布图。
图2中处于没有变形状态下的工件12的表面由s0表示。在时间t2,连接组件10的连接表面19接触工件12的表面。结果,由于速度调节,线性驱动装置34需要较大的电流,图2中用I2示意地表示。在此过程期间,工件12轴向偏离,以便准确地达到最大偏离84。通过检测电流从I1到I2的变化并同时检测支架32的位置可以确定零点s0,因此随后也可知图2中由s2表示的最大偏离84的数值。
一旦以这种方式确定出零点s0,线性驱动装置34的电流iL被降低到值I3。该值足够低,使工件12弹性地返回运动直到达到初始连接位置s4为止,这优选由位置调节提供。在此位置,连接表面19仍然位于零点s0以下,致使工件12仍小量地偏离。图2中此初始连接偏离或弯曲用86表示。
然后在时间t4接通感应加热装置40的电流iL。此电流加热金属部分18使得凸缘部分16的相邻部分和工件12的表面的相邻部分熔化。在时间t4’优选从位置调节转换到力调节(参看图4)。
只要所述部分被熔化,熔化物开始熔透进任何空腔和/或侧向泄漏,且形成整体联接。结果,若线性驱动电流I3保持相同,支架32进一步朝工件12运动。在当前的实施例中,这通过力调节或位置调节来实现。因此在时间t5,出现预编程的熔深70(在此情况下支架32的位置是s5)。随着进程的继续,支架32的位置被调节且在预编程的熔深70处保持不变。此外,在时间t5,线性驱动装置34中电流通常还可进一步降低到值I4,在当前情况下该电流被示出为恒定电流。当然,由于位置调节在该区域内电流值也可变化。
在时间t6,切断感应加热装置40。然后允许经历一段等待时间直到时间t7,在这段时间内整个熔化物固化。在该时间,线性驱动装置34被切换到往回运动,因此导致负电流-I1而支架32运动离开工件12。本就显而易见的是,在此之前必须释放保持装置38。在时间t8,支架32再次达到其在连接头壳体30内的基本位置,结果导致电流的数值再次增加。然后切断电流,连接过程完成。作为示例,这形成了如图1a所示的接缝联接部60。
在如图1b所示的接缝联接部60的情况下,金属部分18被加热的同时,可以同样方式对连接组件10的位置或支架32的位置进行位置调节。在此情况下,熔深70的值减小,尤其小于初始连接位置处的偏离86的值。
在当前的情况下,若基于间接零点确定执行位置调节,本就显而易见的是,应考虑测量允许误差。这在紧靠零点的位置调节情况下(例如,在初始连接位置处)尤其符合实际情况。
下文将描述本发明的连接方法和连接设备的其他一些实施例,它们大体分别与图1所示的连接设备和图2所示的连接方法对应。因此相同的元件用相同的附图标记表示。下文仅描述不同之处。
图3示出了连接方法80的改型实施例,其中在时间t4之后在特定的熔透值处不进行位置调节。实际上,借助调节由连接组件10施加在工件12上的力,在加热金属部分18的过程中执行力调节。结果导致在时间t6时的熔深70,从一个连接过程到另一连接过程熔深70可能发生变化,如箭头71所示。
在该实施例中,当到达最大熔深70’时(如图3中在时间t5’用虚线所示),可向位置调节转换以避免熔透过深。在此情况下,如图3所示,位置被调节在最大熔深70’处。
图4以用图表显示由连接组件10施加到工件12的力F相对于支架32的位置s的情况的方式示出了连接方法80的一实例。
在该情况下,从初始位置s1开始,首先施加力F1。力F1克服将支架32保持完全压入连接设备8的连接头壳体30中的弹簧42的力F3,并使支架32沿工件12的方向加速直到支架32达到恒定速度为止。只要达到恒定速度,位置s1’,加速力被切断而起作用的仅为需要克服弹簧力并保持,例如,300mm/s的恒定速度的分力。
在位置s0,连接组件10接触工件12的表面。线性驱动装置34增大其驱动力并力图保持支架32的恒定速度。但是,支架32随工件12变形而减速,并在位置s2停止。工件12的位置s0由位置传感器53识别,且在该工序阶段是已知的。通过降低线性驱动装置34的驱动力,连接组件10目前运动到位置s4,并停留在那里直到时间t4’。在时间t4’,用于位置s4的位置调节被切换到力调节以便达到位置s5。取决于导入的感应加热能量的量,位置s5可能波动。力调节可形成恒定力F2,即使感应加热已被切断,在弯曲工件12的复位力补偿恒定力F2之前,该力可将连接组件10进一步压入工件12中并将被熔化的材料压出连接区。连接组件10被保持在位置s5直到被熔化的热塑性材料完全固化为止。其时恒定力F2降低直到支架32以恒定的速度运动回其在连接设备8内的后部位置为止。
此外图4示出了两个过程窗口(process window)87A和87B。过程窗口87A表示线性驱动装置的动力范围,在该动力范围内一定执行连接工序。这些范围优选由连接组件10的长度限定。在此情况下,必须超出位置s6以便在连接工序之后允许支架32从工件12被再次拉回。位置s3表示支架的最大可能的运动距离12,在连接工序过程中不能超出此距离。在开始接通感应加热工序之前必须检查这些位置,以便如果超出,在接通感应加热前使连接工序中止。Fa和Fb是线性驱动装置32必须提供、以便执行此工序的最小力和最大力。
过程窗口87B示出的范围是其中必须进行实际连接工序的范围,以便能以很好的方式进行参数监控。对于每一连接位置必须单独限定其参数范围和允许误差,且必须与它们自身的识别号码一起提供。
本就显而易见的是,优选借助公差带包围力/距离分布图,例如,如图6和7所示。就分布图的再现性而言,可分别对步骤:“将连接组件10置于工件12上”和“将连接组件10连接到工件12”进行监控。这可以获得用于预防性维护的驱动措施。
图5详细示出了在连接工序过程中用于近似确定位置s0和可靠确定s4的两种方法。如从图中可看到的那样,工件12在连接区周围再次弯曲成更大或更小的程度(s2和s2’)。
在弯曲处s2的情况中,基于线性驱动装置中电流的测量值或由线性驱动装置施加在力测量盒上的力(触发信号T1)并基于在支架实际上已静止不动之前和之后的支架运动测量值(触发信号T2)产生事件触发信号(eventtriggers)T1和T2。在弯曲s2’的情况下,基于线性驱动装置中的电流的测量值或由线性驱动装置施加的力产生事件触发信号Ta和Tb
触发信号T1和Ta导致直接测得支架位置。由于因力和电流的突然升高必然超出s0,这与期望位置s4和近似位置s0相应。触发信号T2和Tb导致支架的驱动力降低致使支架能被可靠地运动到低于s0的位置s4
在两种情况下可以足够准确地识别s0,且支架能可靠地运动到略低于s0的位置s4,在该位置连接组件10和工件12彼此压靠。
图6和7分别示意地示出了图3和图2所示的连接方法,其中包络曲线88处于在运动s的分布图的特定部分上方。此包络曲线88被预先限定并代表可接受的运动分布允许误差。在每一连接工序过程中记录所述运动,然后与包络曲线88进行比较。如果有任何差异(如图6和7中用双头箭头表示的),可以推断出可疑连接工序,或推断出连接工序不符合特定标准。或者,如果存在多个这样的差异,可使维护工序初始化。
在这种情况下,图6示出了源于图3的方法,其中熔深70被设定,且在金属部分18被加热的同时通过力调节此范围可以改变。
图7示出了图2的可选情况,其中在金属部分18被加热的同时进行位置调节。于是,在这种情况下相对于熔深70没有包络曲线允许误差。
图8示出了连接工具20的可选实施例。连接工具20具有带有线圈90和铁氧体磁芯92的感应加热装置40。铁氧体磁芯92具有套管部分94,线圈90围绕套管部分的外周边设置。套管部分94与纵向轴线A同轴对准并具有轴向通孔96。通孔96被设计成保持连接组件10的保持部分14,作为示例保持部分呈杆的形式,致使套管部分94的下面邻近凸缘部分16的上面。
一个或多个突出98被形成在凸缘部分16的上面上,且被设计成确保套管94的下面和凸缘部分16的上面之间存在一定距离。这可确保套管94与凸缘部分16的上面在某一区域不接触,而基本上只在一些点上接触,因此当凸缘部分16被加热时可以避免套管94粘合。突出98的长度是限定金属部分18内的磁场密度的主导因素,为此其必须按紧密度容限来产生。在套管部分94的上面上设有呈真空保持装置38形式的保持装置38。在此情况下,通孔96的上侧经由空气管道与真空泵100联接,借助该真空泵可从套管部分94的下面向上生成气流102。这允许通过降低的压力将连接组件10保持在套管部分94上。通过这种方式可以回避可能干扰感应加热装置40产生的磁场的金属组件。此外,可使连接工具8的外部直径相当小。由感应线圈90产生的磁场104穿过软磁铁氧体磁芯92并从其下面露出,致使其通过凸缘部分16进入可被感应加热的金属部分18。从那里,磁场104基本沿径向方向露出并围绕套管部分94在外部延展,以便从其上面闭合磁路。
可以设置线圈冷却装置(其为以附图标记106表示的点),该冷却装置被设计成允许气流108穿过线圈90或经过线圈90,以便如果需要的话可在线圈大负荷时对其进行冷却。如果需要的话,气流108可从真空泵100的出口气流中获取。
为了辨别线圈90是否需被冷却,在线圈90上设有温度传感器110。优选将该传感器安置在相对于线圈位置被安置的磁场104的磁力线密度最大之处,也就是说,在该处线圈90极可能最大程度地被加热。
另外,以112表示出第二个温度传感器,其被设计成测量凸缘部分16的上面的温度。通过提供套管94中的轴向传感器孔114可设置第二温度传感器112,通过传感器孔114,例如,可以引出由非磁性材料构成的玻璃纤维线,以便不对磁场产生影响。作为示例,通过从凸缘部分16的上面发射出的热辐射或以相似的方式可测定此温度。
图9示出了装有感应加热装置40的连接工具20的另一可选实施例。在该实施例中,铁氧体磁芯92呈U形并具有上部横向支部(lateral limb),该横向支部具有形成套管部分94的开口,连接组件10的保持部分14能通过该开口伸出。如果需要的话,机械类型的保持装置38可作用在保持部分14上。
另外,铁氧体磁芯92具有平行于纵向轴线延伸的两个纵向部分,线圈90围绕它们中的至少一个安置。
图9示出了线圈90还可围绕第二纵向部分安置。
最后,铁氧体磁芯92可具有两个朝凸缘部分16的外周边延伸的下部径向支部。在此情况下,磁场104穿过铁氧体磁芯92,沿径向方向R进入金属部分18内并从相对侧露出。
图10示出了具有感应加热装置40的连接工具20的再一实施例。加热装置40具有E形铁氧体磁芯92,带有与图8所示的加热装置的套管部分94类似的中央套管部分94。两个径向支部被联接到其上面并合并成两个外部纵向部分。在每一情况中可将线圈90安置成两者均围绕套管94并围绕E形铁氧体磁芯92的纵向部分。在此情况下,形成两个磁路,且每个磁路产生磁场104。在此情况下,例如,如在图8所示的实施例的情况中,每个磁场104从上面经由凸缘部分16进入组件10中,与金属部分18互相作用,并沿径向方向从连接组件10露出,以便在每种情况下进入到铁氧体磁芯92的外部纵向部分的下端。
图11示出了带有感应加热装置40的连接工具20的又一实施例,其中该实施例的总体设计与图8所示相应。该附图示出了可沿轴线方向可变化地选择线圈90的位置。该附图还示出了由于较高的磁场密度在线圈90最接近的套管94的轴向端部处在每种情况下产生的最高温度υ。因此,通常优选的是,相对于套管部分94的纵向延伸接近中心地安置线圈90。该附图也示出了如果需要可将用于检测线圈90的温度的温度传感器110独立于线圈90设置,准确地说将传感器设置在温度最高的区域。
图12示出了具有臂120的连接工具20的再一实施例,在该臂上安置有连接头30使得该臂可围绕轴线116旋转,如图12中的箭头所示。
臂120被设计成来保持若干连接组件10,该连接组件,例如,安装在臂120上处于储料匣内(储料匣的任何细节未示出)。组件10可按相互联接的组件链122的方式设置在储料匣中,每个单独的连接组件10从热塑性基底主体产生并经由由相同材料构成的联接网124彼此链接。
此外,在臂120内设有示意性地示出的分离装置126,该分离装置被设计成在每一情况下从组件链122分离一个组件,在所示的情况下分离出组件10A。
然后,可将以这种方式分离出的组件10A通过转交装置128传送到转交位置。图12示出了处于转交位置的组件10B。
此时,可使连接头30旋转,使得当支架32运行时,其能够拾取处于转交位置的组件10B,如图12中的虚线所示。
随后,可将以这种方式拾取的组件连接到工件12的所述表面,如图12中所示的组件10C。
还可将组件链122中的元件彼此链接在保持部分14上,而不是链接在凸缘部分16上。此外,还可将组件链122以卷的形式放置在储料匣中。在后种情况中,由于可借助未示出的运动装置使组件链122向前运动,组件也可通过转交装置128分发,使得组件链122的前端总是处于转交位置。
如下文所述,能够以各种方式实施和改进本发明。
作为示例,连接组件10可以呈圣诞树装饰形式,其具有直径范围从8到20mm的凸缘部分。
连接组件的保持部分也可以是具有或不具有螺纹的杆部分,以便将塑料夹附联到其上,其实现与组件的保持件(例如,线)相似的功能。可选地,保持部分也可被设计成执行其自身的功能。
上面图示出的电流iL和i1每一个都表示为平均电流。实际上,它们通常是交流电流,例如,钟脉冲可以处于5kHz到50kHz的范围内。
代替输入压缩空气,也可通过将线圈90联接到降低压力处使线圈90冷却,使空气穿过线圈或经过线圈90。
作为示例,突出98可由三个凸出组成,每个凸出可被设计成高度在0.2mm到0.5mm的范围内,其精度小于0.05mm,且偏离120°。
为了在加热金属部分18的过程中执行力调节,具有优势的是通过从由线性驱动装置34施加的力中减掉由弹簧42施加的相反力来计算施加到连接组件10上的总力。如果合适的话,根据连接工具20在空间的方位,还可将重力加到总力中或从总力中减去重力。在此情况下,支架32的总质量也被计入在内,如果角度是倾斜的,还可使用三角公式。
为了达到通讯的目的,在调节装置36和控制单元26之间的联接可由总线联接构成或由RS485通讯线等形成。
如果打算将多个连接组件10相互串联连接的话,根据本发明的方法可通过一个新连接组件10在每道工序之间被传送到连接工具20而相继实现每种情况。这种传送或者从固定的组件供应站54或者从设置在连接工具20上的储料匣来实现。在连接工具20上有储料匣的实施例中,需要在规定的一些连接工序之后更换储料匣,在这种情况中,可以在组件供应站54处再次提供新储料匣。当使用机器人22时,还可以自动传送。
也可以在更换储料匣时更换整个连接工具20。在这种情况下,装有新近装载的储料匣的新连接工具20被机器人22拾取,而带有空储料匣的连接工具被移除,以便,例如,手动地将其与连接组件10装配。

Claims (27)

1.用于将混合连接组件(10)轴向连接到工件(12)的方法(80),其中,所述连接工具(10)包括热塑性连接部分(16,17)和可被加热的金属部分(18),该方法包括以下步骤:
a)将所述连接组件(10)轴向下降到所述工件(12)的表面上;
b)加热所述金属部分(18),使得所述连接部分(16,17)至少部分地熔化;
c)终止所述金属部分(18)的加热,使得连接组件(10)与工件(12)的表面实现压配合,互锁和/或整体联接;
其中,至少在加热所述金属部分(18)的过程中相对于工件(12)以不使用任何相对支承就能将连接组件(10)连接到工件(12)的表面的方式力调节地和/或位置调节地保持所述连接组件(10)。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述工件(12)沿轴线方向(A)弹性变形,其中在所述金属部分(18)被加热之前将连接组件(10)下降到工件(12)的表面上,致使所述工件(12)沿轴线方向变形。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其中,在所述下降到表面的步骤开始时或在该步骤进行的过程中确定零点,以便确定处于非变形状态的工件(12)的表面的轴向位置。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其中,借助距离传感器(53)确定所述零点(s0),在实施所述连接方法(80)的过程中该距离传感器被安置在连接工具(20)上,连接组件(10)被保持在该连接工具(20)上。
5.如权利要求3或4所述的方法,其中,借助所述连接组件(10)轴向下降所需要的力(iL)的变化确定所述零点(s0)。
6.如权利要求3到5中一项所述的方法,其中,所述工件(12)的弹性被包含在所述零点的确定中。
7.如权利要求2到6中一项所述的方法,其中,在所述金属部分(18)被加热之前,使连接组件(10)运动到预定的初始连接位置(s4),在该位置所述工件(12)被弹性变形。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法,其中,确定所述零点时所述初始连接位置(s4)位于所述零点(s0)和工件(12)的变形(s2)之间。
9.如权利要求1到8中一项所述的方法,其中,至少在加热金属部分(18)的部分过程中将连接组件(10)和工件(12)之间的相对位置(70)调节在目标位置。
10.如权利要求1到9中一项所述的方法,其中,至少在加热所述金属部分(18)的部分过程中通过调节将连接组件(10)按压到所述工件(12)上的目标力来设定连接组件(10)和工件(12)之间的相对位置(70)。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法,其中,当连接组件(10)和工件(12)之间的相对位置(70)达到预定的最大相对位置时,将所述力的调节转换成位置调节。
12.如权利要求1到11中一项所述的方法,其中,所述工件(12)由热塑性材料构成,对所述金属部分(18)进行加热,致使连接组件(10)的所述连接部分(16,17)和所述工件(12)的表面部分熔化。
13.如权利要求1到12中一项所述的方法,其中,所述连接组件(10)具有带凸缘部分(16)的热塑性基底主体(11),所述金属元件(18)被一体地成型于该凸缘部分中,其中执行所述连接方法(80)使得所述金属元件(18)完全被已完成的接缝联接部(60)中的热塑性材料包围。
14.如权利要求1到13中一项所述的方法,其中,所述连接组件(10)具有带凸缘部分(16)的热塑性基底主体(11),所述金属元件(18)被一体地成型于该凸缘部分中,使得所述金属部分(18)被所述凸缘部分(16)的外缘(17)包围,随着所述连接方法(80)的执行使所述外缘(17)熔化。
15.如权利要求1到14中一项所述的方法,其中,至少在加热所述金属部分(18)的过程中对连接区的温度进行测量,以这这种方式测得的温度被包含在所述连接方法(80)的控制中。
16.如权利要求1到15中一项所述的方法,其中,监测形成于所述连接区的外缘区域内并由热塑性材料构成的珠体(62)的形状,以这种方式测得的所述形状被包括在所述连接方法(80)的控制中。
17.连接设备(8),尤其是用于执行所述权利要求1到16中一项的连接方法(80)的设备,包括:
a)连接工具(20),其上保持有连接组件(10),该连接工具被设计成使所述连接组件(10)沿轴线方向(A)运动到工件(12)的表面上;
b)用于加热所述连接组件(10)的金属部分(18)的加热装置(40)。
18.如权利要求17所述的连接设备,其中,所述加热装置(40)包括带有线圈(90)和铁氧体磁芯(92)的感应加热装置,其中所述铁氧体磁芯(92)具有套管部分(94),且其中所述连接组件(10)可被保持在连接工具(20)上使得所述连接组件(10)的保持部分(14)被所述套管部分(94)包围。
19.如权利要求18所述的连接设备,其中,所述套管部分(94)被联接到真空保持装置(38),该真空保持装置被设计成在所述连接组件(10)的所述保持部分(14)上施加真空保持力。
20.如权利要求18或19所述的连接设备,其中,所述连接工具(20)具有相关联的温度传感器(50),该温度传感器被设计成测量所述连接区的温度。
21.如权利要求18和权利要求20所述的连接设备,其中,所述温度传感器(50)被安置在所述套管部分(94)上。
22.如权利要求18到21中一项所述的连接设备,其中,所述加热装置(40)和用于保持所述连接组件(10)的保持装置(38)被安置在支架(32)上,借助线性驱动装置(34)可使该支架相对于连接工具(20)的壳体(30)运动。
23.如权利要求22所述的连接设备,其中,具有用于检测所述支架(32)的位置的位置传感器(44)。
24.如权利要求17到23中一项所述的连接设备,其中,具有用于检测将连接组件(10)按压到工件(12)上的力的力传感器(46)。
25.如权利要求17到24中一项所述的连接设备,其中,具有方位传感器(48),用于检测连接工具(20)在空间的方位。
26.如权利要求17到25中一项所述的连接设备,其中,所述连接工具(20)具有旋转作动器(56),借助该旋转作动器在连接组件(10)运动到所述工件(12)之前或运动过程中可使该连接组件对准于围绕纵向轴线(A)的预定旋转位置。
27.如权利要求17到26中一项所述的连接设备,其中,所述连接工具(20)和/或所述加热装置具有用于能够被传输到超级控制单元(26)的识别代码的存储装置。
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US20130134153A1 (en) 2013-05-30
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KR20110099686A (ko) 2011-09-08
DE102008059242A1 (de) 2010-05-27
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US8361270B2 (en) 2013-01-29

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