CN1065309C - 可折叠的集装箱式轻便遮棚 - Google Patents

可折叠的集装箱式轻便遮棚 Download PDF

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CN1065309C
CN1065309C CN94193437A CN94193437A CN1065309C CN 1065309 C CN1065309 C CN 1065309C CN 94193437 A CN94193437 A CN 94193437A CN 94193437 A CN94193437 A CN 94193437A CN 1065309 C CN1065309 C CN 1065309C
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布赖恩·D·约翰逊
格伦·V·索恩
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Abstract

当前工业用轻便式外业遮棚或是木架结构，或是织物帐篷。前者在尺寸上受到限制并需要专门技能和设备以就地装设。后者需要管道和电气设施就地装设。本发明借助于修改标准的运输集装箱结构(10)，把框架结构和帐篷的优点结合到一种轻便式可折叠遮棚之中，以提供可延伸集装箱地板面积的各下折侧壁(12)并配置可封裹扩延空间的可缩进的织物盖罩(60)。

Description

可折叠的集装箱式轻便遮棚
本发明涉及轻便遮棚领域，特别是涉及可折叠的轻便遮棚，它们既具有刚性框架，也具有可以折叠进一刚性运输集装箱的柔软织物部分。
模块式建筑业提供了许多商业和工业用途的可重新装设的房屋，比如轻便办公室、轻便学校和工业帐蓬等。轻便工业帐蓬一般用于短期项目或者十分偏远以致就地施工很不经济的项目。当前的轻便式工业用野外遮棚要么是木架结构要么是织物帐蓬。
木架结构的优点是，整个房屋及其内部附属装置都可以在制造厂内制作。不过，当使这种结构能够运输而在尺寸方面所作的种种限制要求这些单元要在现场组合在一起以形成具有足够尺寸的一座房屋。预制的各单元是很沉重的，所以在现场需要专门设备和工人从卡车上卸下这些单元并把它们安放在基础上。
织物房屋，比如帐蓬，具有的优点是，它们比木架结构轻得多，并且为运输起见可以折叠成其体积只是相当的木架房屋的几分之一。不过，这种房屋必须就地组装，而且所需的任何电气或机械附属装置都必须由经验丰富的人员就地装设。
某些已有技术中的建筑设施采用了运输集装箱作为预制房屋的模块式建筑组件。于1986年7月15日颁发给坦顿洛克公司(Tandeml-oc，Inc)的美国专利No．4，599，829，披露了一种借助于连接许多运输集装箱单元采建造监狱或类似大型房屋的方法。在这些设施中，同样在现场需要专门设备和工人卸下各单元并把它们叠置在结构上以形成具有足够尺寸的一座房屋。于1989年2月7日颁发给戴维斯等人的美国专利No．4，802，500，披露了一种轻便房屋结构，其中蛤壳形集装箱装有织物顶盖。四部集装箱单元组合起来，以构成一座房屋的各个侧壁和地板，一织物屋顶展开来盖住这座房屋。不过，这种设计并不象一个标准的ISO集装箱那样很好地适于运输，而且电气和机械装置不是预先装设的。
本发明的目的是提供一种可折叠的集装箱式轻便遮棚，在其折叠状态下，可作为一标准的易于运输的集装箱使用。
本发明把刚性和织物轻便房屋的优点结合在一种混合式可折叠的轻便房屋之中。本发明修改了标准的运输集装箱结构以提供一扇或多扇下折的侧壁，这些侧壁扩展了集装箱的地板面积并配有可缩进的织物盖罩以封裹延伸了的空间。本发明提供了一种轻便的可折叠遮棚，包括一刚性的中空集装箱，它具有一部标准的ISO运输集装箱的尺寸和特征，带有对置的矩形铅直侧面和矩形水平顶部和底部。集装箱的至少一个铅直侧面沿着其下部边缘是铰接的，以在铅直的封闭位置与水平的敞开位置之间枢转。还配置了用于可解脱地把铰接的铅直侧面锁定于铅直位置上和用于可解脱地把铰接的铅直侧面保持在水平位置上的装置。柔软的织物盖罩适于在铰接的铅直侧面处于其落下的水平位置时伸展在铰接的铅直侧面的上方，并且配有用于在铰接的铅直侧面处于落下的水平位置时支承铰接的铅直侧面上方的织物盖罩的装置。
由于本发明采用了上述结构，因此不但可以作为野外遮棚使用，而且，在其折叠状态下可以作为易于运送的标准集装箱使用。
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步详细的说明，其中
图1是处于折叠状态、准备运送的本发明的透视图；
图2是沿着图1的直线2-2所取的、装在平板拖车上处于部分组装状态的本发明的横截面视图；
图3是沿着图1的直线2-2所取的、装在平板拖车上的处于组装状态的本发明的横截面视图；
图4是沿着图3的直线4-4所取的横截面视图；
图5是表示本发明铰链和铰盘组件细节的视图；
图6是处于折叠状态、准备运送的本发明第二项实施例的侧视图；
图7是沿着图6的直线7-7所取的、处于开启状态的本发明第二项实施例的横截面视图；
图8是表示图7中铰链部分A细节的视图；
图9是处于折叠状态、准备运送的本发明第二项实施例的端视图；
图10是沿着图6的直线10-10所取的、本发明第二项实施例的侧板的横截面视图；以及
图11是表示图7中上侧部分B细节的视图。
参照图1，在其折叠状态下，本发明(申请人称作“可移动的展开型集装箱式帐蓬”)构成一符合ISO(国际运输组织)标准的运输集装箱10，尺寸是：长度6．1m(20英尺)或12．2m(40英尺)，宽度2．44m(8英尺)和高度2．6m(8．5英尺)或2．9m(9．5英尺)。宽度尺寸可以大至3．05m(10英尺)。可用于制作本发明的ISO和各有关标准可在以下出版物中找到：
ISO1161    系列1货运集装箱-箱角配件-技术规格
ISO1496-1  系列1货运集装箱-技术规格和试验-第一部分：一般用通用货物集装箱
ISO标准9000至9004-质量标准
国际铁路协会(U．I．C．)
汽车运输国际(T．I．R．)
集装箱安全公约(C．S．C)
集装箱10具有从其上切出枢转侧壁12的两刚性侧壁11、顶壁14和两块端壁16，它们的表面全都可以是隔热的。虽然在本发明的优选形式中两侧都被切开，但也可只切开一侧。切出的侧壁12的尺寸对于6．1m(20英尺)集装箱最好是5．8m(19英尺)对2．13m(7英尺)，而对于12．2m(40英尺)集装箱是两块单独的5．8m(19英尺)对2．13m(7英尺)的壁段。金属底侧横挡20、顶侧横档21、各金属横杆22、各金属竖挡24和箱角配件26形成运输期间的结构加强件。为纳放叉式起重车的叉杆，配置了一些孔口28。在集装箱底部18上设置了地板19。管路、机械和电气装置可以预先装设在集装箱10中的地板或壁板上或任何地方。
顶壁14最好是由软钢或低合金高强度钢制成的标准集装箱顶壁。箱角配件26是由铸钢制成的，而其他框架构件由软钢制成。各端壁16和各侧壁11由围裹硬质隔热泡沫的钢质板段制成。地板19最好是带有乙烯顶层的胶合板，而各侧壁的上表面15是带有油毡上层的胶合板。地板和壁板隔热层是硬质聚氨酯或聚苯乙烯泡沫，而顶壁14使用玻璃纤维油页岩淀积隔热层(batt insulation)。
两块侧壁12在42处沿着其基底铰接起来，使它们可以从示于图1的、由快速松脱闩锁机构40所卡持住的铅直位置枢转至示于图3的水平位置。闩锁机构40可以设置在集装箱内部或外部，并可把两块侧壁12锁定在铅直位置上以提供一种用于运输目的的刚性结构，这一结构可以经由各孔口28或ISO箱角配件26被提举起来。闩锁机构40可以是如图5所示的螺帽和螺栓装置、一种对中销、枢转式手柄或其他适当装置。
如图2和3所示，集装箱10最好是装放在用于运输和用作现场底座的平板拖车44上。如图2和3所示，两个或更多的找平千斤顶46枢装于两侧壁12的外面，以便在侧壁12处于下落位置时把它们锁定就位并支承和找平各侧壁12。各千斤顶46最好是可折叠的，以便在运输期间减小外突并在处于竖向装运位置时拴在各壁板12的侧面，或者换一种方式是可拆除的，以便运输。如图4所示，在其开启形态下的结构所具有的地板空间稍小于3倍的集装箱地板空间。
如果不使用平板拖车，本发明可以使用叉车或吊车装放在混凝土基础或底座上，或者直接放在地面上。如果装放在地面上，则不用找平千斤顶而可以使用木头或木材垫块以便为两侧壁12提供平面支承。
为了容易起落两侧壁12，钢丝绳48，最好是每侧两条，固接于侧壁12的各上角49，并绕过每侧上的两只滑轮50下达至各绞盘52，各绞盘52则装接于集装箱的各固定侧壁11上。绞盘52可以如图2所示通过手柄手工操作，或者如图3所示通过一电气马达54操作，在此情况下，钢丝绳直接卷绕在绞盘滚筒上面不使用中间滑轮。绞盘具有制动机构以防止钢丝绳突然滑脱。钢丝绳最好是在下面要说明的织物盖罩60的外面伸展。在绞盘由电气马达操作的场合，最好是每侧具有一个绞盘，两条钢丝绳48使用一系列滑轮与之连接。
由可以隔热的、涂敷有防水PVC的聚酯或类似物制成的织物盖罩沿着侧壁12的各边沿51、53、55并沿着固定于凸缘56(图5)的板条固定住，凸缘56本身固定于集装箱顶壁14并沿铅直方向顺着示于图1的各边沿13延伸。织物盖罩60的形状和面积是这样的，即在两侧壁12下落至水平位置时，织物盖罩60提供了覆盖从而敞开的集装箱面积的防水密封物，而刚性或半刚性拱形金属框架或梁件62可以通过外推织物盖罩而进行装设，以便形成支承织物盖罩60的支架，从而为被遮蔽的空间68形成一个绷紧的外罩，空间64的两端也被封裹起来。金属框架62最好是装设在织物盖罩60之下，框架62的各下端装设在侧壁12的各外角处(沿着侧边51可能具有间隔开来的辅助构件)，而各上端则装设在凸缘56处。各框架构件62也可以用其他适当的材料，比如塑料、石墨或玻璃纤维制成，并可以采取某种其他适当的形状，而不是拱形。各框架构件62也可以由一或几段组成，以便于运输，比如每个构件可以由一下部底拱段和一上部顶拱段组成。一些水平支撑构件可以装接在各个拱形金属框架构件62之间。织物盖罩60可以设有用于进出的门和／或窗户以及屏帘，就象现有的帐蓬结构中一样。标准的集装箱箱门16也可以用作出／入口。
为了将此结构折叠成其运输状态，拆掉金属框架62并用绞盘52提起侧壁12。织物盖罩60可以松弛地卷进集装箱10里面，而侧壁12可以闩定在铅直位置。这些全都可以由非熟练人员完成。集装箱随后就可以作为标准的运输集装箱由卡车、火车、船舶、直升飞机或飞机运送。
图6至图11表明本发明的稍加修改的第二项实施例，其中，各找平千斤顶46与各枢转式侧壁分开设置。图6所示的集装箱100具有两扇侧壁112，它们作为一完整侧壁单元围绕可在铰链141中转动的铰销管140向下枢转。两扇侧壁112用现有集装箱中所用的防倾锁具140固牢在图6所示的关闭位置上。顶壁114、底侧横挡120、顶侧横挡121、金属横杆122、金属竖挡124和箱角配件126设置得与前述实施例一样。设置一些孔口128以纳放起重叉车的叉杆。在顶侧横挡121上设置有通风口(vent)123。在一扇或两扇端板117上设置有标准的箱门116。地板115和119设置在集装箱的底部118和两扇侧壁112的内表面上，与前述实施例一样。
在第二项实施例中，找平千斤顶不固定在侧壁112上，而是分开设置的，最好是每侧三部千斤顶，每一千斤顶的顶部带有支承垫以接触侧壁112的表面。在此实施例中，为每一侧壁在集装箱的对置两端各设置一手动绞盘152，并为每一侧壁配置单独一根缆绳148。缆绳148从绞盘152向上伸向并穿过上横挡121上的孔眼150，再沿对角线方向下至侧壁112的第一上角，在那里进入沿着侧壁112上部边沿113延伸的铰销管／缆绳导管的肘管149，而后沿对角线方向上行至另一端，以便固定于上横挡121。
铰链结构详细地示于图8。铰链141固定于下横挡120。地板118由下面带有镀锌金属板的一层胶合板130以及硬质泡沫隔热层131组成。氯丁橡胶密封条132贴牢在地板119和115上并将其间密封。在铰链141与横挡120上一块木板134之间也装有堵风密封件133。如图10所示，侧壁112具有固定于胶合板和油毡层115的角铁框架135以及各侧向面板136，这些面板都是填满硬质隔热泡沫的空心矩形钢板，与相邻面板铆接在一起并夹着一条丁基胶带。围绕侧壁开口的各边缘设有遮蓬导轨137以固定织物盖罩(未画出)。如图11所示，在顶壁114与顶板139之间的顶棚中设置有油页岩淀积隔热层138。在143处同样装有硬质泡沫隔热层。

Claims (9)

1、一种可折叠轻便遮棚，包括：
a)一刚性的中空集装箱(10)，具有对置的立壁(11)和水平顶部(14)和底部(18)；
b)至少一个所述立壁(11)包括一个沿着其下部边缘(42)铰接的枢转壁部(12)，以在铅直的封闭位置和水平的开启位置之间枢转；
c)用于可解脱地把所述枢转壁部(12)锁定于所述铅直位置上的装置(40)；
d)用于可解脱地把所述枢转壁部(12)保持于所述水平位置的装置(46)；
e)一适于在所述枢转壁部(12)处于所述落下的水平位置时在所述枢转壁部(12)上方展开的揉性织物盖罩(60)；以及
f)用于在所述枢转壁部(12)处于所述落下的水平位置时支承所述铰接立壁上方的所述织物盖罩的装置(62)。
2、按照权利要求1所述的遮棚，其中，所述用于可解脱地把所述枢转壁部(12)保持在所述水平位置的装置(46)包括找平装置(46)。
3、按照权利要求2所述的遮棚，其中，所述找平装置(46)包括一部千斤顶。
4、按照权利要求1所述的遮棚，其中，还包括用于起升和落下所述枢转壁部(12)的装置(48，50，52)。
5、按照权利要求4所述的遮棚，其中，所述用于起升和落下所述枢转壁部(12)的装置(48，50，52)包括一条连接于所述枢转壁部(12)的缆绳(48)以及绞盘装置(52)。
6、按照权利要求1所述的遮棚，其中，所述织物盖罩(60)在所述枢转壁部(12)处于所述水平位置时固定于所述枢转壁部(12)的沿长度方向的外部边缘(51)。
7、按照权利要求6所述的遮棚，其中，所述织物盖罩(60)在所述枢转壁部(12)处于所述水平位置时固定于所述枢转壁部(12)的各横向边缘(53，55)，它们垂直于所述枢转壁部(12)的所述沿长度方向的外部边缘(51)。
8、按照权利要求1所述的遮棚，其中，所述用于在所述枢转壁部(12)处于所述落下的水平位置时支承所述枢转壁部(12)上方的所述织物盖罩(60)的装置包括各刚性或半刚性梁件(62)，所述各梁件(62)的两端装接于所述集装箱(10)。
9、按照权利要求1所述的遮棚，其中，所述刚性的中空集装箱(10)具有符合ISO系列1货运集装箱标准的外部尺寸和箱角配件位置。
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CN1131447A (zh) 1996-09-18
DE69402426T2 (de) 1997-12-04
ATE151142T1 (de) 1997-04-15
US5761854A (en) 1998-06-09
AU7224994A (en) 1995-02-20
JPH09500183A (ja) 1997-01-07
EP0710311A1 (en) 1996-05-08
CA2100845A1 (en) 1995-01-20
CA2100845C (en) 1998-12-15
EP0710311B1 (en) 1997-04-02
JP3023177B2 (ja) 2000-03-21
WO1995003457A1 (en) 1995-02-02

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