CN106508566A - Method of cultivation and management of kiwis - Google Patents
Method of cultivation and management of kiwis Download PDFInfo
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- CN106508566A CN106508566A CN201610952208.2A CN201610952208A CN106508566A CN 106508566 A CN106508566 A CN 106508566A CN 201610952208 A CN201610952208 A CN 201610952208A CN 106508566 A CN106508566 A CN 106508566A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- fruit
- fructus actinidiae
- actinidiae chinensiss
- holes
- management method
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
Abstract
The invention relates to a method of cultivation and management of kiwis, including the following steps: set a target yield as 2-5 tons per acre; manage the canopy: clip the plant, tie the ving and control the branch according to the target yield, in order to make every square meter of effective canopy uniformly distributed 25-30 fruit spurs; thin flowers, leaves and fruits of fruit spurs according to the target yield, in order to make every fruit spur grow 5-15 fruits, make every fruit spur leaves 5-12 fruits, make every square meter of canopy leaves 150-300 fruits, and control the ratio of fruit to leave to 1:4-7; fertilization management: apply base fertilizer to holes after the fruit tree drops leaves and before the tree sprouts next year. The weight ratio of the apply amount to the target yield of the base fertilizer is 0.2-0.8:1; then apply additional fertilizer to holes for 2-3 times; the weight ratio of the additional fertilizer to the target yield is 5-15 kilograms: 1 ton. The method of cultivation and management of kiwis can not only improve the yield of kiwis, but can save production costs.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of agricultural production technologies, more particularly to a kind of cultivation management method of Fructus actinidiae chinensiss.
Background technology
Fructus actinidiae chinensiss come out at the top in fruit because of its Vitamin C content, are described as " king of fruit ", and Fructus actinidiae chinensiss can be carried
For people vitamin C requirements amount on the one.Fructus actinidiae chinensiss also contain good water soluble dietary fiber and anti-oxidation active substance
SOD, claims according to United States Department of Agriculture's research report, and the comprehensive antioxidation index of Fructus actinidiae chinensiss is ranked in fruit and ranked forefront, be only second to Fructus Rosae Normalis,
Minority's fruit such as blue berry, much stronger than the daily fruit such as Fructus Mali pumilae, pears, Citrullus vulgariss, Citrus.Modern medicine study is analyzed, kiwifruit fruit
Containing saccharide, Amino Acids in Proteins enriches, 12 kinds of protease, vitamin B1, C, carotene and calcium, phosphorus, ferrum, sodium,
The Multiple components such as potassium, magnesium, chlorine, pigment, its Vitamin C content are five to six times in equivalent Citrus.Also, it has been reported that：Mi
Monkey Fructus Persicae can block the active component of carcinogen-nitrosamine synthesis, and blocking rate plays the role of anticancer up to 98%.So,
Fructus actinidiae chinensiss are nourishing and fit keeping functions, resist the first-class fruit of cancer.
Therefore, the cultural method for studying Fructus actinidiae chinensiss that are simple, economic and meeting ecological principle is significant.
The content of the invention
Based on this, the invention provides a kind of cultural method of Fructus actinidiae chinensiss.
Concrete technical scheme is as follows：
A kind of cultivation management method of Fructus actinidiae chinensiss, comprises the following steps：
Target setting yield：Target setting yield is every mu of 2-5 ton；
Canopy is managed：Plant is carried out pruning, ties up climing, control branch according to target output, make per square metre of effective canopy uniform
25-30 Fruit branch of distribution；
Flower thinning, thin leaf and fruit thinning：Flower thinning is carried out to Fruit branch, leaf and fruit thinning is dredged according to target output, make every Fruit branch result 5-
, fruit 5-12 is stayed per Fruit branch, every square metre of canopy stays fruit 150-300, and fruit leaf ratio is controlled for 1 4-7 by 15；
Fertilizing management：Spread manuer in holes to next year rudiment after defoliation of fruit trees base manure, amount of application and the target output of the base manure
Weight ratio is 0.2-0.8:1；Divide again to spread manuer in holes for 2-3 time and topdress, the weight ratio of spread manuer in holes the every time consumption that topdresses and target output is 5-
15 kilograms：1 ton.
Wherein in some embodiments, the base manure is farm manure.
Wherein in some embodiments, the farm manure is dried poultrymanure, the consumption of the dried poultrymanure and the weight of target output
Amount is than being 0.2-0.4:1.
Wherein in some embodiments, the farm manure is dry pig manure, the consumption of the dry pig manure and the weight of target output
Amount is than being 0.4-0.8:1.
Wherein in some embodiments, described topdressing is the compound fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
Wherein in some embodiments, in the compound fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content are respectively 10-
15%；It is described spread manuer in holes to topdress spread manuer in holes for points 2 times, the weight ratio of spread manuer in holes the every time consumption that topdresses and target output is 9-11 kilogram：1
Ton.
Wherein in some embodiments, the time of base manure of spreading manuer in holes is late January late December to next year；Spread manuer in holes topdress when
Between be mid-March-mid-May.
Wherein in some embodiments, the cultivation management method of the Fructus actinidiae chinensiss is also managed including Chinese gooseberry garden side-product
The step of：Orchard side-product is filled the tree in Fructus actinidiae chinensiss fruit tree by the unique output object with Kiwi fresh fruit as Chinese gooseberry garden
Under hat, the orchard side-product is beta pruning, deadwood, fallen leaves, shedding and mowing.
Wherein in some embodiments, the kind of the Fructus actinidiae chinensiss is secondary and Red Male；Target setting yield is every mu of 2-3
Ton；When flower thinning, thin leaf and fruit thinning, every Fruit branch result 7-12 is made, fruit 5-9 is stayed per Fruit branch, every square metre of canopy stays fruit 150-
230, and fruit leaf ratio is controlled for 1 5-6.
Wherein in some embodiments, the kind of the Fructus actinidiae chinensiss is Xu Xiang；Target setting yield is every mu of 3-4 ton；Dredge
When flower, thin leaf and fruit thinning, every Fruit branch result 8-12 is made, fruit 6-10 is stayed per Fruit branch, every square metre of canopy stays fruit 160-240
It is individual, and fruit leaf ratio is controlled for 1 5-7.
The present inventor is with its experience accumulation long-term in the art, and is planted by a large amount of Kiwifruit Cultures
Experimental studies have found that：Fructus actinidiae chinensiss are long due to trophophase, and position is fixed, plant is larger, in colony it is each individuality between growth promoter compared with
For concordance, its yield is further determined in cultivation management level except being decided by each kind kind of itself, whole with applying fertilizer, pruning
The control measure such as shape, flower and fruit thinning are closely related, thus are appropriate to design cultivation.Inventor has found, according to the product of Fructus actinidiae chinensiss
The land occupation condition in characteristic and orchard is planted, design object yield, in the range of certain target output, is capable of achieving setting for Fructus actinidiae chinensiss
Meter cultivation.By long-term cultivation experiments research, the volume range for being adapted to design cultivation is obtained, and summary has been obtained according to mesh
Mark yield determines every economical character index (leaf area index, every square metre of Fruit branch number, number of results, stay fruit number etc.) and fertilising
The method of amount and fertilization mode etc., so as to obtain the cultivation management method of the Fructus actinidiae chinensiss of the present invention.The method is first according to orchard
Land occupation condition target setting yield, further according to target output carry out corresponding trimming and finishing, canopy management (prune, tie up it is climing, control
Branch), flower thinning, thin leaf and fruit thinning etc., and fertilizing management is carried out according to target output.Fructus actinidiae chinensiss are cultivated with the method for the present invention, can
, while Fructus actinidiae chinensiss yield is improved, to realize Tree Precise Fertilization, save production cost, it is to avoid conventional method is because fertilizer amount
The yield reduction for not enough causing, or overfertilization and the fertilizer that causes is wasted.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the Technology Roadmap of the Kiwifruit Culture of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present inventor is with its experience accumulation long-term in the art, and is planted by a large amount of Kiwifruit Cultures
Experimental studies have found that：Fructus actinidiae chinensiss are long due to trophophase, and position is fixed, plant is larger, in colony it is each individuality between growth promoter compared with
For concordance, its yield is further determined in cultivation management level except being decided by each kind kind of itself, whole with applying fertilizer, pruning
Shape, flower and fruit thinning control etc. are closely related, thus are appropriate to design cultivation.Fructus actinidiae chinensiss design cultivation is that the fresh fruit to set is produced
Measure as target, it is determined that specific cultivation technique measure and economical character parameter, (cultivation management and precisely applied by agronomic practices
Fertilizer, supplement irrigation) realize the cultivation mode of predetermined yield target.Its Technology Roadmap is as shown in Figure 1.
Specifically, main implementation steps are as follows：
(1) select to have been enter into the Chinese gooseberry garden of operation period (3-4 after field planting), for Chinese gooseberry garden land occupation condition and
Possible Input Level, sets specific target output：Such as, for level land or slow slope garden, and fertilizers input have fully
Ensure, can be set to 50 tons of per hectare, i.e., per mu 3.33 tons；To Yushan Hill steep hillslope orchard, and a large amount of transports and administration fertilizer are relatively stranded
Difficulty, can be set to 40 tons of per hectare, i.e., per mu 2.67 tons；For steep hillslope (more than 25 ° of the gradient) orchard, and fertilizers input can not be filled
Code insurance is demonstrate,proved, and can be set to 30 tons of per hectare, i.e., per mu 2 tons.
(2) target output and the concrete kind of Fructus actinidiae chinensiss according to the unit area for setting, determines Agronomic parameter and cultivation
Training management measure：
Per hectare stays fruit number=yield per unit area (ton/hectare) ÷ mean fruit weight (gram) ÷ (1- fruit drop rates)；
Leaf area index=per hectare that orchard should reach stays fruit number × leaf/really than (4-7) × leaf area；
Per hectare is summarized Fruit branch number=per hectare and stays each fruitful branches of fruit number ÷ to stay fruit number.
(3) make Fruit branch be evenly distributed by canopy management (prune, tie up climing, control branch), flower thinning is carried out to Fruit branch, leaf is dredged and is dredged
Really, implement items economical character index (leaf area index, every square metre of Fruit branch number, number of results, stay fruit number etc.).
(4) target output according to the unit area for setting, determines fertilizer requirement：
Per hectare fresh pod yield (ton) × fresh fruit nitrogen content=per hectare orchard nitrogenous fertilizer demand；
Per hectare fresh pod yield (ton) × fresh fruit phosphorus content=per hectare orchard phosphate industry amount；
Per hectare fresh pod yield (ton) × fresh fruit potassium content=per hectare orchard potash fertilizer demand.
(5) ratio of soil, leaching is absorbed, is stayed according to Fertilizer nutrient element (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) content and after applying, it is determined that applying
Fertile total amount, fertilizer type, base manure and proportion of additional fertilizer and application times：
Nutrient content × base manure accounting ÷ base manure absorbance=base manure demand in fertilizer requirement ÷ base manure；
Fertilizer requirement ÷ middle nutrient content × accounting ÷ of topdressing of topdressing is topdressed absorbance=demand of topdressing；
For Chinese gooseberry garden, base manure can using muck (dried poultrymanure, dry sheep manure or dry pig manure for such as becoming thoroughly decomposed etc.) or its
His farm manure, once can spread manuer in holes, base manure account for orchard it is annual (with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content meter) dose 60%-70%；Topdress
Compound fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium compound fertilizer respectively for more than 10%) can be used, is bisected into and is spreaded manuer in holes twice, or respectively spread manuer in holes nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphorus twice
Fertilizer and potash fertilizer.
(6) Chinese gooseberry garden by-product management：It is with fresh fruit as the unique output object of Chinese gooseberry garden (net output), beta pruning, withered
The by-products such as branch, fallen leaves, shedding and mowing (no-tillage) are returned and are buried in orchard.I.e.：In addition to plucking the fresh fruit for transporting orchard, other
Side-product and material are all stayed in orchard, are filled under the tree crown of orchard, are discharged outside Bu Xiang gardens.
(7) other relevant plantation, framves of puing up a shed, tie up climing, pruning, water supply, pest and disease damage prevention and control, Weeds distribution etc. by normal
Rule Chinese gooseberry garden management.
The cultural method of the Fructus actinidiae chinensiss of the present invention is described in more detail below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Fructus actinidiae chinensiss in the present embodiment are secondary and red kiwi fruit, and orchard is located at Guangdong Province Heping County Qingzhou Zhen Shan nooks Mi
Hou Tao Specialty Co-operative Organizations kiwi fruit field.It it is 2 tons per mu according to the practical situation target setting yield of kiwi fruit field.This enforcement
The cultivation management method of the Fructus actinidiae chinensiss in example is comprised the following steps：
In January, 2013 high position grafting ' secondary and Red Male ' Fructus actinidiae chinensiss Fruit branch according to a conventional method, and conventionally planted
Strain is transplanted.
According to 2 tons per mu of target output, Agronomic parameter and cultivation management measure are determined；(prune, tie up by canopy management
Climing, control branch) make Fruit branch be evenly distributed, per square metre of effective canopy is uniformly distributed 25-30 Fruit branch；Flower thinning is carried out to Fruit branch, is dredged
Leaf and fruit thinning, make every Fruit branch result 7-8, remove disease fruit, fruitlet, Bian Guo, malformed fruit etc., fruit 5-6 is stayed per Fruit branch during fruit thinning,
Per square metre is stayed fruit 150-180, and keeps fruit leaf ratio to be 1 5-6.
Dose and fertilization mode are determined according to 2 tons per mu of target output, corresponding fertilizing management is carried out：December 25
Day, spreaded manuer in holes to for transplanting kiwi fruit plant using the dried poultrymanure (0.5 ton/mu) that becomes thoroughly decomposed or dry pig manure (1.5 ton/mu) as base manure
Planting pit in；Again respectively at March 15 and May 5, the compound fertilizer's (nitrogenous fertilizer-phosphate fertilizer-potash fertilizer) with 10%-10%-10% makees
Spread manuer in holes to be topdressed at twice (consumption is respectively 20,000 grams/acre twice).
With Kiwi fresh fruit as the unique output object in orchard (net output), beta pruning, deadwood, fallen leaves, shedding and mowing (no-tillage)
Return in side-product and bury under the tree crown of orchard.
In addition to above-mentioned steps, other relevant plantation, framves of puing up a shed, climing, pruning, water supply, pest and disease damage prevention and control, weeds are tied up
Routinely Chinese gooseberry garden management method is carried out for control etc..
The survey of the present embodiment in 2016 is produced result and reaches 2.18 tons/mu, and 70 grams or so of mean fruit weight, yield are about worked as
3 times with kind Chinese gooseberry garden of ground.
Embodiment 2
Fructus actinidiae chinensiss in the present embodiment are ' Xu Xiang ' Fructus actinidiae chinensiss, and orchard is got off town peak Fructus actinidiae chinensiss positioned at Guangdong Province Heping County
Crop cultivation speciality cooperative society kiwi fruit field.It it is 3 tons per mu according to the practical situation target setting yield of kiwi fruit field.This enforcement
The cultivation management method of the Fructus actinidiae chinensiss in example is comprised the following steps：
In January, 2013 high position grafting ' Xu Xiang ' Fructus actinidiae chinensiss Fruit branch according to a conventional method, and conventionally carry out plant shifting
Plant.
According to 3 tons per mu of target output, Agronomic parameter and cultivation management measure are determined；(prune, tie up by canopy management
Climing, control branch) make Fruit branch be evenly distributed, per square metre of effective canopy is uniformly distributed 25-30 Fruit branch；Flower thinning is carried out to Fruit branch, is dredged
Leaf and fruit thinning, make every Fruit branch result 8-9, remove disease fruit, fruitlet, Bian Guo, malformed fruit etc., fruit 6-7 is stayed per Fruit branch during fruit thinning,
Per square metre is stayed fruit 160-180, and keeps fruit leaf ratio to be 1 5-7.
Dose and fertilization mode are determined according to 3 tons per mu of target output, corresponding fertilizing management is carried out：December 23
Day, spreaded manuer in holes to for transplanting kiwi fruit plant using the dried poultrymanure (0.75 ton/mu) that becomes thoroughly decomposed or dry pig manure (2 ton/mu) as base manure
Planting pit in；Again respectively at March 22 and May 15, the compound fertilizer's (nitrogenous fertilizer-phosphate fertilizer-potash fertilizer) with 10%-10%-10%
Spread manuer in holes as topdressed at twice (consumption is respectively 30,000 grams/acre twice).
With Kiwi fresh fruit as the unique output object in orchard (net output), beta pruning, deadwood, fallen leaves, shedding and mowing (no-tillage)
Return in side-product and bury under the tree crown of orchard.
In addition to above-mentioned steps, other relevant plantation, framves of puing up a shed, climing, pruning, water supply, pest and disease damage prevention and control, weeds are tied up
Routinely Chinese gooseberry garden management method is carried out for control etc..
The survey of the present embodiment in 2016 is produced result and reaches 3.25 tons/mu, 100 grams or so of mean fruit weight, and yield is local
3 times with kind Chinese gooseberry garden or so.
Each technical characteristic of embodiment described above arbitrarily can be combined, to make description succinct, not to above-mentioned reality
Apply all possible combination of each technical characteristic in example to be all described, as long as however, the combination of these technical characteristics is not deposited
In contradiction, the scope of this specification record is all considered to be.
Embodiment described above only expresses the several embodiments of the present invention, and its description is more concrete and detailed, but and
Therefore can not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent.It should be pointed out that for one of ordinary skill in the art comes
Say, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, some deformations and improvement can also be made, these belong to the protection of the present invention
Scope.Therefore, the protection domain of patent of the present invention should be defined by claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of cultivation management method of Fructus actinidiae chinensiss, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Target setting yield：Target setting yield is every mu of 2-5 ton；
Canopy is managed：Plant is carried out pruning, ties up climing, control branch according to target output, be uniformly distributed per square metre of effective canopy
25-30 Fruit branch；
Flower thinning, thin leaf and fruit thinning：Flower thinning is carried out to Fruit branch, leaf and fruit thinning is dredged according to target output, make every Fruit branch result 5-15,
Fruit 5-12 is stayed per Fruit branch, and every square metre of canopy stays fruit 150-300, and fruit leaf ratio is controlled for 1 4-7；
Fertilizing management：Spread manuer in holes to next year rudiment after defoliation of fruit trees base manure, the amount of application of the base manure and the weight of target output
Than for 0.2-0.8:1；Divide again to spread manuer in holes for 2-3 time and topdress, the weight ratio of spread manuer in holes the every time consumption that topdresses and target output is 5-15 thousand
Gram：1 ton.
2. the cultivation management method of Fructus actinidiae chinensiss according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the base manure is farm manure.
3. the cultivation management method of Fructus actinidiae chinensiss according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the farm manure is dried poultrymanure,
The consumption of the dried poultrymanure is 0.2-0.4 with the weight ratio of target output:1.
4. the cultivation management method of Fructus actinidiae chinensiss according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the farm manure is dry pig manure,
The consumption of the dry pig manure is 0.4-0.8 with the weight ratio of target output:1.
5. the cultivation management method of Fructus actinidiae chinensiss according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described topdressing is containing nitrogen, phosphorus
With the compound fertilizer of potassium.
6. the cultivation management method of Fructus actinidiae chinensiss according to claim 5, it is characterised in that described containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium
In compound fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content are respectively 10-15%；It is described spread manuer in holes to topdress spread manuer in holes for points 2 times, the consumption for topdressing of spreading manuer in holes every time
Weight ratio with target output is 9-11 kilogram：1 ton.
7. the cultivation management method of Fructus actinidiae chinensiss according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the time of base manure of spreading manuer in holes is December
The late January last ten-days period to next year；Spread manuer in holes time for topdressing is mid-March-mid-May.
8. the cultivation management method of Fructus actinidiae chinensiss according to claim 1, it is characterised in that also including Chinese gooseberry garden by-product
The step of QC is managed：Unique output object with Kiwi fresh fruit as Chinese gooseberry garden, orchard side-product is filled in kiwi fruit
Under the tree crown of tree, the orchard side-product is beta pruning, deadwood, fallen leaves, shedding and mowing.
9. the cultivation management method of the Fructus actinidiae chinensiss according to any one of claim 1-8, it is characterised in that the Fructus actinidiae chinensiss
Kind is secondary and Red Male；Target setting yield is every mu of 2-3 ton；When flower thinning, thin leaf and fruit thinning, every Fruit branch result 7-12 is made,
Fruit 5-9 is stayed per Fruit branch, and every square metre of canopy stays fruit 150-230, and fruit leaf ratio is controlled for 1 5-6.
10. the cultivation management method of the Fructus actinidiae chinensiss according to any one of claim 1-8, it is characterised in that the Fructus actinidiae chinensiss
Kind be Xu Xiang；Target setting yield is every mu of 3-4 ton；When flower thinning, thin leaf and fruit thinning, every Fruit branch result 8-12 is made, often
Fruit branch stays fruit 6-10, and every square metre of canopy stays fruit 160-240, and controls fruit leaf ratio for 1 5-7.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102783368A (en) * | 2012-07-16 | 2012-11-21 | 贵州梵之语实业有限公司 | White kiwi breeding and cultivating technology |
| CN103518579A (en) * | 2013-10-14 | 2014-01-22 | 苏州市新巷农艺科技园 | Method for planting kiwi fruits |
-
2016
- 2016-10-26 CN CN201610952208.2A patent/CN106508566B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102783368A (en) * | 2012-07-16 | 2012-11-21 | 贵州梵之语实业有限公司 | White kiwi breeding and cultivating technology |
| CN103518579A (en) * | 2013-10-14 | 2014-01-22 | 苏州市新巷农艺科技园 | Method for planting kiwi fruits |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 范勇毅等: "《利用目标产量法进行配方施肥的研究》", 《内蒙古农业科技》 * |
| 赵英杰: "《徐香猕猴桃优质高效栽培技术》", 《果农之友》 * |
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