CN106508566B - The cultivation management method of Kiwi berry - Google Patents

The cultivation management method of Kiwi berry Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106508566B
CN106508566B CN201610952208.2A CN201610952208A CN106508566B CN 106508566 B CN106508566 B CN 106508566B CN 201610952208 A CN201610952208 A CN 201610952208A CN 106508566 B CN106508566 B CN 106508566B
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fruit
target output
kiwi berry
branch
management method
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CN106508566A (en
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梁红
杨妙贤
周玲艳
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Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering
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Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of cultural methods of Kiwi berry, comprising the following steps: sets target output: setting target output as 2-5 tons per acre;Canopy management: plant is trimmed according to target output, ties up climing, control branch, every square metre of effective canopy is made to be uniformly distributed 25-30 fruit branch;Flower thinning dredges leaf and fruit thinning: carrying out flower thinning to fruit branch according to target output, dredges leaf and fruit thinning, make every fruit branch result 5-15, every fruit branch stays fruit 5-12, and every square metre of canopy stays fruit 150-300, and controlling fruit leaf ratio is 1 ︰ 4-7;Fertilizing management: to the preceding cave basal dressing of next year rudiment after defoliation of fruit trees, the amount of application of the base manure and the weight ratio of target output are 0.2-0.8:1;Divide 2-3 cave spraying fertilizer again, the dosage of each cave spraying fertilizer and the weight ratio of target output are 5-15 kilograms: 1 ton.This method can save production cost while improving Kiwi berry yield.

Description

The cultivation management method of Kiwi berry
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of agricultural production technologies, more particularly to a kind of cultivation management method of Kiwi berry.
Background technique
Kiwi berry is known as " king of fruit " because its Vitamin C content comes out at the top in fruit, and a Kiwi berry can mention For people vitamin C requirements amount on the one.Kiwi berry also contains good soluble dietary fiber and anti-oxidation active substance SOD claims according to United States Department of Agriculture's research report, and the anti-oxidant index of the synthesis of Kiwi berry ranks in fruit to rank forefront, be only second to Rosa roxburghii Tratt, Minorities' fruit such as blueberry, much stronger than the daily fruit such as apple, pears, watermelon, citrus.Modern medicine study analysis, kiwifruit fruit Containing carbohydrate, Amino Acids in Proteins is abundant, 12 kinds of protease, vitamin B1, C, carrotene and calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium, The Multiple components such as potassium, magnesium, chlorine, pigment, Vitamin C content are five to six times in equivalent citrus.Also, it has been reported that: Mi Monkey peach can block carcinogen-nitrosamine synthesis active constituent, and blocking rate plays the role of inhibiting cancer cell up to 98%.So Kiwi berry is nourishing and fit keeping function, resists the first-class fruit of cancer.
Therefore, the cultural method of research Kiwi berry that is simple, economic and meeting ecological principle is of great significance.
Summary of the invention
Based on this, the present invention provides a kind of cultural methods of Kiwi berry.
Specific technical solution is as follows:
A kind of cultivation management method of Kiwi berry, comprising the following steps:
It sets target output: setting target output as 2-5 tons per acre;
Canopy management: plant is trimmed according to target output, ties up climing, control branch, keeps every square metre of effective canopy uniform It is distributed 25-30 fruit branch;
Flower thinning dredges leaf and fruit thinning: carrying out flower thinning to fruit branch according to target output, dredges leaf and fruit thinning, makes every fruit branch result 5- 15, every fruit branch stays fruit 5-12, and every square metre of canopy stays fruit 150-300, and controlling fruit leaf ratio is 1 ︰ 4-7;
Fertilizing management: to the preceding cave basal dressing of next year rudiment after defoliation of fruit trees, the amount of application of the base manure and target output Weight ratio is 0.2-0.8:1;Divide 2-3 cave spraying fertilizer again, the dosage of each cave spraying fertilizer and the weight ratio of target output are 5- 15 kilograms: 1 tons.
In wherein some embodiments, the base manure is farmyard manure.
In wherein some embodiments, the farmyard manure is dried poultrymanure, the dosage of the dried poultrymanure and the weight of target output Amount is than being 0.2-0.4:1.
In wherein some embodiments, the farmyard manure is dry pig manure, the dosage of the dry pig manure and the weight of target output Amount is than being 0.4-0.8:1.
In wherein some embodiments, the top dressing is the compound fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
In wherein some embodiments, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content are respectively 10- in the compound fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium 15%;The cave spraying fertilizer is that point 2 caves are applied, and the dosage of each cave spraying fertilizer and the weight ratio of target output are 9-11 kilograms: 1 Ton.
In wherein some embodiments, the time of cave basal dressing is late January late December to next year;Cave spraying fertilizer when Between be mid-May mid-March-.
In wherein some embodiments, the cultivation management method of the Kiwi berry further includes Chinese gooseberry garden byproduct management The step of: using Kiwi fresh fruit as unique output object of Chinese gooseberry garden, orchard byproduct is filled into the tree in Kiwi berry fruit tree Under hat, the orchard byproduct is beta pruning, deadwood, fallen leaves, shedding and mowing.
In wherein some embodiments, the kind of the Kiwi berry is secondary and Red Male;Target output is set as 2-3 per acre Ton;When flower thinning, thin leaf and fruit thinning, make every fruit branch result 7-12, every fruit branch stays fruit 5-9, and every square metre of canopy stays fruit 150- 230, and controlling fruit leaf ratio is 1 ︰ 5-6.
In wherein some embodiments, the kind of the Kiwi berry is Xu Xiang;Target output is set as 3-4 tons per acre;It dredges When flower, thin leaf and fruit thinning, make every fruit branch result 8-12, every fruit branch stays fruit 6-10, and every square metre of canopy stays fruit 160-240 It is a, and controlling fruit leaf ratio is 1 ︰ 5-7.
The present inventor is planted by a large amount of Kiwifruit Cultures with its long-term experience accumulation in the art Experimental studies have found that: Kiwi berry is since growth period is long, and position is fixed, plant is larger, in group it is each individual between growth and development compared with For consistency, kind of the yield in addition to being decided by each kind itself is further determined in cultivation management level, whole with applying fertilizer, trimming The control measure such as shape, flower and fruit thinning are closely related, thus are appropriate for design cultivation.Inventors have found that according to the product of Kiwi berry Kind characteristic and the land occupation condition in orchard, design object yield, it can be achieved that Kiwi berry is set within the scope of certain target output Meter cultivation.By long-term cultivation experiments research, the volume range for being suitble to design cultivation is obtained, and summarize and obtained according to mesh It marks yield and determines every economical character index (leaf area index, every square metre of fruit branch number, number of results stay fruit number etc.) and fertilising The method of amount and fertilization mode etc., to obtain the cultivation management method of Kiwi berry of the invention.This method is first according to orchard Land occupation condition set target output, carry out corresponding trimming and finishing further according to target output, canopy management (trims, ties up climing, control Branch), flower thinning dredges leaf and fruit thinning etc., and carries out fertilizing management according to target output.Kiwi berry is cultivated with method of the invention, it can To realize Tree Precise Fertilization while improving Kiwi berry yield, production cost is saved, avoids conventional method because of fertilizer amount Not enough and caused by yield reduce or overfertilization and caused by fertilizer waste.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the Technology Roadmap of Kiwifruit Culture of the invention.
Specific embodiment
The present inventor is planted by a large amount of Kiwifruit Cultures with its long-term experience accumulation in the art Experimental studies have found that: Kiwi berry is since growth period is long, and position is fixed, plant is larger, in group it is each individual between growth and development compared with For consistency, kind of the yield in addition to being decided by each kind itself is further determined in cultivation management level, whole with applying fertilizer, trimming Shape, flower and fruit thinning control etc. are closely related, thus are appropriate for design cultivation.Kiwi berry design cultivation is produced with the fresh fruit of setting Amount is target, determines specific cultivation technique measure and economical character parameter, (cultivation management and is precisely applied by agronomic practices Fertilizer, supplement irrigation) realize the cultivation mode of predetermined yield target.Its Technology Roadmap is as shown in Figure 1.
Specifically, main implementation steps are as follows:
(1) selection has entered the Chinese gooseberry garden of operation period (3-4 after field planting), for Chinese gooseberry garden land occupation condition with Possible Input Level sets specific target output: for example, for level land or slow slope garden, and fertilizers input has sufficiently Guarantee, 50 tons of per hectare can be set to, i.e., 3.33 tons per acre;To Yushan Hill steep hillslope orchard, and a large amount of transports and application fertilizer are relatively tired Difficulty can be set to 40 tons of per hectare, i.e., and 2.67 tons per acre;For steep hillslope (25 ° of the gradient or more) orchard, and fertilizers input cannot fill Code insurance card, can be set to 30 tons of per hectare, i.e., and 2 tons per acre.
(2) according to the specific kind of the target output of the unit area of setting and Kiwi berry, Agronomic parameter and cultivation are determined Training management measure:
Per hectare stays fruit number=yield per unit area (ton/hectare) ÷ mean fruit weight (gram) ÷ (1- fruit drop rate);
Leaf area index=per hectare that orchard should reach stays fruit number × leaf/fruit ratio (4-7) × leaf area;
Per hectare summarizes fruit branch number=per hectare and each fruitful branch of fruit number ÷ is stayed to stay fruit number.
(3) so that fruit branch is evenly distributed by canopy management (trim, tie up climing, control branch), flower thinning is carried out to fruit branch, leaf is dredged and dredges Fruit implements items economical character index (leaf area index, every square metre of fruit branch number, number of results stay fruit number etc.).
(4) according to the target output of the unit area of setting, fertilizer requirement is determined:
Per hectare fresh pod yield (ton) × fresh fruit nitrogen content=per hectare orchard nitrogenous fertilizer demand;
Per hectare fresh pod yield (ton) × fresh fruit phosphorus content=per hectare orchard phosphate industry amount;
Per hectare fresh pod yield (ton) × fresh fruit potassium content=per hectare orchard potash fertilizer demand.
(5) according to the ratio that soil, leaching are absorbed, stayed after plain (nitrogen, the phosphorus, potassium) content of Fertilizer nutrient and application, determination is applied Fertile total amount, fertilizer type, base manure and proportion of additional fertilizer and application times:
Nutrient content × base manure accounting ÷ base manure absorptivity=base manure demand in fertilizer requirement ÷ base manure;
Nutrient content × top dressing accounting ÷ top dressing absorptivity=top dressing demand in fertilizer requirement ÷ top dressing;
For Chinese gooseberry garden, base manure can be used muck (such as decomposed dried poultrymanure, dry sheep manure or dry pig manure etc.) or its His farmyard manure, can a cave apply, base manure account for orchard it is annual (with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content meter) dose 60%-70%;Top dressing It can be used compound fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium are respectively 10% or more compound fertilizer), be bisected into that cave twice is applied or nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphorus twice are applied in each cave Fertilizer and potash fertilizer.
(6) Chinese gooseberry garden by-product management: beta pruning, withered using fresh fruit as the unique output object of Chinese gooseberry garden (net output) The by-products such as branch, fallen leaves, shedding and mowing (no-tillage), which return, to be buried in orchard.That is: other than picking transports the fresh fruit in orchard, other Byproduct and material all stay in orchard, fill under the tree crown of orchard, are discharged outside the garden Bu Xiang.
(7) other related plantation, framves of puing up a shed, tie up climing, trimming, moisture supply, pest and disease damage prevention and control, Weeds distribution etc. by normal Advise Chinese gooseberry garden management.
It is described in more detail below in conjunction with cultural method of the specific embodiment to Kiwi berry of the invention.
Embodiment 1
Kiwi berry in the present embodiment is secondary and red kiwi fruit, and orchard is located at Guangdong Province, Qingzhou, the Heping County nook Zhen Shan Mi Hou Tao Specialty Co-operative Organization kiwi fruit field.Target output is set as 2 tons per acre according to the actual conditions of kiwi fruit field.This implementation Example in Kiwi berry cultivation management method the following steps are included:
In January, 2013, high position grafting ' secondary and Red Male ' Kiwi berry fruit branch according to a conventional method, and was conventionally planted Strain transplanting.
According to 2 tons per acre of target output, Agronomic parameter and cultivation management measure are determined;It (trims, tie up by canopy management Climing, control branch) so that fruit branch is evenly distributed, every square metre of effective canopy is uniformly distributed 25-30 fruit branch;Flower thinning is carried out to fruit branch, is dredged Leaf and fruit thinning, make every fruit branch result 7-8, and when fruit thinning removes disease fruit, fruitlet, Bian Guo, malformed fruit etc., and every fruit branch stays fruit 5-6, Every square metre is stayed fruit 150-180, and keeping fruit leaf ratio is 1 ︰ 5-6.
Dose and fertilization mode are determined according to 2 tons per acre of target output, carry out corresponding fertilizing management: December 25 Day, it is applied using decomposed dried poultrymanure (0.5 ton/mu) or dry pig manure (1.5 ton/mu) as base manure cave to for transplanting kiwi fruit plant Planting pit in;Again respectively at March 15 and May 5, made with compound fertilizer's (nitrogenous fertilizer-phosphate fertilizer-potash fertilizer) of 10%-10%-10% For top dressing, (dosage is respectively 20,000 grams/acre twice) is applied in cave in two times.
Using Kiwi fresh fruit as the unique output object in orchard (net output), beta pruning, deadwood, fallen leaves, shedding and mowing (no-tillage) Equal byproducts, which return, to be buried under the tree crown of orchard.
Other than above-mentioned steps, other related plantations, tie up climing, trimming, moisture supply, pest and disease damage prevention and control, weeds at frame of puing up a shed Routinely Chinese gooseberry garden management method carries out for control etc..
The survey of the present embodiment in 2016 produces result and reaches 2.18 tons/mu, and 70 grams of mean fruit weight or so, yield is about to work as 3 times with kind Chinese gooseberry garden of ground.
Embodiment 2
Kiwi berry in the present embodiment is ' Xu Xiang ' Kiwi berry, and orchard is located at Guangdong Province Heping County and gets off town peak Kiwi berry Crop cultivation speciality cooperative society kiwi fruit field.Target output is set as 3 tons per acre according to the actual conditions of kiwi fruit field.This implementation Example in Kiwi berry cultivation management method the following steps are included:
In January, 2013, high position grafting ' Xu Xiang ' Kiwi berry fruit branch according to a conventional method, and conventionally carried out plant shifting It plants.
According to 3 tons per acre of target output, Agronomic parameter and cultivation management measure are determined;It (trims, tie up by canopy management Climing, control branch) so that fruit branch is evenly distributed, every square metre of effective canopy is uniformly distributed 25-30 fruit branch;Flower thinning is carried out to fruit branch, is dredged Leaf and fruit thinning, make every fruit branch result 8-9, and when fruit thinning removes disease fruit, fruitlet, Bian Guo, malformed fruit etc., and every fruit branch stays fruit 6-7, Every square metre is stayed fruit 160-180, and keeping fruit leaf ratio is 1 ︰ 5-7.
Dose and fertilization mode are determined according to 3 tons per acre of target output, carry out corresponding fertilizing management: December 23 Day, it is applied using decomposed dried poultrymanure (0.75 ton/mu) or dry pig manure (2 ton/mu) as base manure cave to for transplanting kiwi fruit plant Planting pit in;Again respectively at March 22 and May 15, with compound fertilizer's (nitrogenous fertilizer-phosphate fertilizer-potash fertilizer) of 10%-10%-10% As top dressing, (dosage is respectively 30,000 grams/acre twice) is applied in cave in two times.
Using Kiwi fresh fruit as the unique output object in orchard (net output), beta pruning, deadwood, fallen leaves, shedding and mowing (no-tillage) Equal byproducts, which return, to be buried under the tree crown of orchard.
Other than above-mentioned steps, other related plantations, tie up climing, trimming, moisture supply, pest and disease damage prevention and control, weeds at frame of puing up a shed Routinely Chinese gooseberry garden management method carries out for control etc..
The survey of the present embodiment in 2016 produces result and reaches 3.25 tons/mu, and 100 grams of mean fruit weight or so, yield is local With 3 times or so of kind Chinese gooseberry garden.
Each technical characteristic of embodiment described above can be combined arbitrarily, for simplicity of description, not to above-mentioned reality It applies all possible combination of each technical characteristic in example to be all described, as long as however, the combination of these technical characteristics is not deposited In contradiction, all should be considered as described in this specification.
The embodiments described above only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but simultaneously It cannot therefore be construed as limiting the scope of the patent.It should be pointed out that coming for those of ordinary skill in the art It says, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to protection of the invention Range.Therefore, the scope of protection of the patent of the invention shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of cultivation management method of Kiwi berry, which comprises the following steps:
It sets target output: setting target output as 2-5 tons per acre;
Canopy management: plant is trimmed according to target output, ties up climing, control branch, is uniformly distributed every square metre of effective canopy 25-30 fruit branch;
Flower thinning dredges leaf and fruit thinning: flower thinning carried out to fruit branch according to target output, dredges leaf and fruit thinning, makes every fruit branch result 5-15, Every fruit branch stays fruit 5-12, and every square metre of canopy stays fruit 150-300, and controlling fruit leaf ratio is 1 ︰ 4-7;
Fertilizing management: to the preceding cave basal dressing of next year rudiment, the amount of application of the base manure and the weight of target output after defoliation of fruit trees Than for 0.2-0.8:1;Divide 2-3 cave spraying fertilizer again, the dosage of each cave spraying fertilizer and the weight ratio of target output are 5-15 thousand Gram: 1 ton;The base manure is farmyard manure;The top dressing is the compound fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
2. the cultivation management method of Kiwi berry according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the farmyard manure is dried poultrymanure, The dosage of the dried poultrymanure and the weight ratio of target output are 0.2-0.4:1.
3. the cultivation management method of Kiwi berry according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the farmyard manure is dry pig manure, The dosage of the dry pig manure and the weight ratio of target output are 0.4-0.8:1.
4. the cultivation management method of Kiwi berry according to claim 3, which is characterized in that described containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content are respectively 10-15% in compound fertilizer.
5. the cultivation management method of Kiwi berry according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the cave spraying fertilizer is to divide 2 times Cave is applied, and the dosage of each cave spraying fertilizer and the weight ratio of target output are 9-11 kilograms: 1 ton.
6. the cultivation management method of Kiwi berry according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the time of cave basal dressing is December The late January last ten-days period to next year.
7. the cultivation management method of Kiwi berry according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the time of cave spraying fertilizer is March Mid-May in the middle ten days-.
8. the cultivation management method of Kiwi berry according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include Chinese gooseberry garden by-product The step of quality control is managed: using Kiwi fresh fruit as unique output object of Chinese gooseberry garden, orchard byproduct is filled in kiwi fruit Under the tree crown of tree, the orchard byproduct is beta pruning, deadwood, fallen leaves, shedding and mowing.
9. the cultivation management method of Kiwi berry according to claim 1-8, which is characterized in that the Kiwi berry Kind is secondary and Red Male;Target output is set as 2-3 tons per acre;When flower thinning, thin leaf and fruit thinning, make every fruit branch result 7-12, Every fruit branch stays fruit 5-9, and every square metre of canopy stays fruit 150-230, and controlling fruit leaf ratio is 1 ︰ 5-6.
10. the cultivation management method of Kiwi berry according to claim 1-8, which is characterized in that the Kiwi berry Kind be Xu Xiang;Target output is set as 3-4 tons per acre;When flower thinning, thin leaf and fruit thinning, make every fruit branch result 8-12, often Fruit branch stays fruit 6-10, and every square metre of canopy stays fruit 160-240, and controlling fruit leaf ratio is 1 ︰ 5-7.
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CN103518579A (en) * 2013-10-14 2014-01-22 苏州市新巷农艺科技园 Method for planting kiwi fruits

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102783368A (en) * 2012-07-16 2012-11-21 贵州梵之语实业有限公司 White kiwi breeding and cultivating technology
CN103518579A (en) * 2013-10-14 2014-01-22 苏州市新巷农艺科技园 Method for planting kiwi fruits

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