CN106496383B - 一种苝酰亚胺为光引发剂的可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合反应制备聚合物的方法 - Google Patents
一种苝酰亚胺为光引发剂的可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合反应制备聚合物的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种苝酰亚胺为光引发剂的可逆加成‑断裂链转移（RAFT）聚合反应制备聚合物的方法，采用苝酰亚胺为光引发剂，由单体、链转移剂、光引发剂苝酰亚胺按照（30‑2000）：1：（1‑5）（摩尔比）在光照下引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯、苯乙烯、丙烯酸甲酯单体进行可逆加成‑断裂链转移（RAFT）聚合反应。本发明可以在室温下进行，得到的聚合物分子量及分子量分布可控，本发明提供一种工艺简单，成本低，节能的可逆加成‑断裂链转移聚合技术。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种苝酰亚胺为光引发剂的可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合反应制备聚合物的方法，属于高分子合成领域。
背景技术
四羧酸二酰亚胺简称苝酰亚胺 (PDI)，有大的共轭体系和平面结构，具有良好的光、热和化学稳定性，吸收光谱范围较宽，荧光量子产率较高，除了在传统的染(颜)料行业中继续发挥作用外，还被广泛应用于有机光导材料、有机电致发光材料、液晶显示材料、激光染料、化学发光色素、染料敏化太阳能电池和分子开关等领域。
断裂加成链转移自由基聚合（RAFT）是由Rizzardo在1998年提出的，是一种通常在体系中加入链转移试剂，在聚合中它与增长链自由基形成休眠中间体，限制了增长链自由基之间的不可逆双基终止副反应，使聚合反应得以有效控制的聚合方法，（Living free-radical
polymerization by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer:The RAFT process。Chiefari J，Ercole F，Krstina J，Jeffery J，Le TPT. MayadunneRTA，Meijs GF，Moad CL，Moad G，Rizzardo E，Thang SH，Chong YK。Macromolecules，1998，31（16）：
5559-5562。）
光引发聚合因其良好的潜在经济和生态效应，近些年一直受到学者们的关注。与热聚合相比，光聚合可以在室温甚至低温下进行。在传统的单官能团单体聚合反应和现代的光固化应用中是一个相当突出的优势。而且在利用单官能团单体聚合时基本没有链转移这样的副反应发生。但在热聚合中，链转移的发生的概率往往比较高。因此用热聚合比较难实施的体系可以采用光聚合。对于一些上限溫度比较低的单体，只能在低温下聚合，否则解聚的速度会大于聚合速度。利用光聚合，这样的单体就能够很容易地合成得到。而且，在生物化学应用方面，比如酶固定聚合，也需要在低温下进行。
发明内容
本发明需要解决的技术问题是，采用苝酰亚胺为光引发剂克服现有光聚合反应中光引发剂的一些不足之处，提供一种在自然光或者紫外光照射下的可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合反应的聚合体系。
本发明涉及公开了一种苝酰亚胺为光引发剂的可逆加成-断裂链转移（RAFT）聚合反应制备聚合物的方法，其特征在于使用苝酰亚胺为光引发剂。
具体实施方案：
实施例1：
称取1.000 g（100 mmol）甲基丙烯酸甲酯单体、0.026 g （1 mmol）α-二硫代萘甲酸异丁腈酯、0.0004 g （0.01 mmol）苝酰亚胺加入到含有20 ml N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的三口瓶中，超声分散均匀，充氮排氧，在室温，置于紫外光照射下进行聚合。反应结束后，得到目标产物聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯。采用重量法测其转化率为71.3%，用凝胶渗透色谱分析其分子量为Mn,GPC=10100 g/mol，聚合分散度PDI=1.41。
实施例2：
称取1.000 g（100 mmol）甲基丙烯酸甲酯单体、0.0293 g （1 mmol）4-氰基戊酸二硫代苯甲酸、0.0004 g （0.01 mmol）苝酰亚胺加入到含有20 ml N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的三口瓶中，超声分散均匀，充氮排氧，在室温、光照下反应一定时间。反应得到目标产物聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯。采用重量法测其转化率为78.6%，用凝胶渗透色谱分析其分子量为Mn,GPC=11200g/mol，聚合分散度PDI=1.43。
实施例3：
称取1.0415 g （100 mmol）苯乙烯、0.026 g （1 mmol）α-二硫代萘甲酸异丁腈酯、0.0004 g （0.01 mmol）苝酰亚胺加入到含有20 ml N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的三口瓶中，超声分散均匀，充氮排氧，在室温、光照下反应一定时间。得到聚合产物聚苯乙烯。采用重量法测其转化率为65.3%，用凝胶渗透色谱分析其分子量为Mn,GPC=9500 g/mol，聚合分散度PDI=1.42。
实施例4：
称取0.71 g（100 mmol）丙烯酰胺、0.0293 g （1 mmol）4-氰基戊酸二硫代苯甲酸、0.0004 g （0.01 mmol）苝酰亚胺加入到含有20 ml 水的三口瓶中，超声分散均匀，充氮排氧，在室温、光照下反应一定时间。反应得到目标产物聚丙烯酰胺。采用重量法测其转化率为74.8%，用凝胶渗透色谱分析其分子量为Mn,GPC=9200 g/mol，聚合分散度PDI=1.44。
Claims (6)
1.一种苝四羧酸二酰亚胺为光引发剂的可逆加成-断裂链转移（RAFT）聚合反应制备聚合物的方法，其特征在于苝四羧酸二酰亚胺为光引发剂。
2.如权利要求1中所述的苝四羧酸二酰亚胺为光引发剂的可逆加成-断裂链转移（RAFT）聚合反应制备聚合物的方法，其特征在于：将单体、链转移剂、苝四羧酸二酰亚胺放置于装有溶剂的三口瓶中，超声分散，充氮排氧，反应温度在室温-70度，照射时间5-48小时。
3.如权利要求2中所述的苝四羧酸二酰亚胺为光引发剂的可逆加成-断裂链转移（RAFT）聚合反应制备聚合物的方法，其特征在于所述的单体是甲基丙烯酸甲酯，苯乙烯，丙烯腈，丙烯酸甲酯，甲基丙烯酸-β-羟乙酯，丙烯酰胺。
4.如权利要求2中所述的苝四羧酸二酰亚胺为光引发剂的可逆加成-断裂链转移（RAFT）聚合反应制备聚合物的方法，其特征在于所述的链转移剂为α-二硫代萘甲酸异丁腈酯（CPDN，分子量260），4-氰基戊酸二硫代苯甲酸（分子量293）。
5.如权利2所述的苝四羧酸二酰亚胺为光引发剂的可逆加成-断裂链转移（RAFT）聚合反应制备聚合物的方法，其特征在于所述溶剂是N,N-二甲基甲酰胺，碳酸乙烯酯、水。
6.如权利2所述的苝四羧酸二酰亚胺为光引发剂的可逆加成-断裂链转移（RAFT）聚合反应制备聚合物的方法，其特征在于所述的单体、链转移剂、苝四羧酸二酰亚胺的摩尔比为（30-2000）：1：（1-5）。
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| CN101056893A (zh) * | 2004-11-09 | 2007-10-17 | 西巴特殊化学品控股有限公司 | 作为聚合引发剂的n－取代酰亚胺 |
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| CN106496383A (zh) | 2017-03-15 |
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