CN106496099A - 2‑[(2r,6s)‑6‑[(2s)‑2‑羟基‑2‑苯乙基]‑1‑甲基哌啶]‑1‑苯乙酮的合成方法 - Google Patents

2‑[(2r,6s)‑6‑[(2s)‑2‑羟基‑2‑苯乙基]‑1‑甲基哌啶]‑1‑苯乙酮的合成方法 Download PDF

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CN106496099A
CN106496099A CN201610891476.8A CN201610891476A CN106496099A CN 106496099 A CN106496099 A CN 106496099A CN 201610891476 A CN201610891476 A CN 201610891476A CN 106496099 A CN106496099 A CN 106496099A
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李文森
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Abstract

本发明公开了2‑[(2R,6S)‑6‑[(2S)‑2‑羟基‑2‑苯乙基]‑1‑甲基哌啶]‑1‑苯乙酮的合成方法,属于有机合成领域。本发明先采用(1S,2S)‑1,2‑二苯基乙二胺为原料经过酰化、取代等三步制备手性胺催化剂;主路线总共两步,采用戊二醛、苯甲酰乙酸、甲胺盐酸盐合成出顺式山梗烷酮,在催化剂的作用下,通过温和的反应条件进行不对称选择性还原合成2‑[(2R,6S)‑6‑[(2S)‑2‑羟基‑2‑苯乙基]‑1‑甲基哌啶]‑1‑苯乙酮。整个工艺路线原料便宜易得,催化剂可以回收继续利用,成本低,工艺简单,反应条件温和,操作方便,总收率高。

Description

2-[(2R,6S)-6-[(2S)-2-羟基-2-苯乙基]-1-甲基哌啶]-1-苯 乙酮的合成方法
技术领域
本发明属于有机合成领域,具体是2-[(2R,6S)-6-[(2S)-2-羟基-2-苯乙基]-1-甲基哌啶]-1-苯乙酮的合成方法。
背景技术
2-[(2R,6S)-6-[(2S)-2-羟基-2-苯乙基]-1-甲基哌啶]-1-苯乙酮是合成盐酸洛贝林的关键中间体;洛贝林又名山梗菜碱,是从山梗菜中提取的一种生物碱,现已能化学合成。可刺激颈动脉窦和主动脉体的化学感受器(均为N1受体),反射性地兴奋呼吸中枢而使呼吸加快,但对呼吸中枢无直接的兴奋作用,对自主神经节先兴奋后阻断。用于新生儿窒息、一氧化碳引起的窒息,安全范围大,不易惊厥。
从2-[(2R,6S)-6-[(2S)-2-羟基-2-苯乙基]-1-甲基哌啶]-1-苯乙酮的结构可以看出:合成该化合物最显著的特点就是去对称化,但最早的路线研究放在了四个手性中心,进行逐个合成,并未能利用去对称化的结构优势,并且存在路线长、收率低的缺点,很难应用于工业化生产(J.Org.Chem:67(2002)9192-9199)。
随着不对称化学的发展,各种手性催化剂、酶开始应用于该化合物的合成,英国的Vladimir等人采用(S)-BTM非酶的不对称酰化反应2天、然后氧化、脱酰基进行不对称合成洛贝林。该工艺路线存在反应时间长、催化剂不易制备、酰基化和去酰基化浪费资源的缺点(Organic Letter:9(2007)3237-3240)。
2006年,Franz-Dietrich等人运用双配位的膦配体进行不对称还原,合成出制备洛贝林的关键中间体:2-[(2R,6S)-6-[(2S)-2-羟基-2-苯乙基]-1-甲基哌啶]-1-苯乙酮,该步骤需要15-20bar的高压条件,且收率低,很难用于工业化生产(US20060014791)。
发明内容:
本发明改变目前洛贝林合成工业化生产面临的路线长、收率低的现状,采用简单易制备的催化剂,通过温和的反应条件进行不对称合成洛贝林关键中间体2-[(2R,6S)-6-[(2S)-2-羟基-2-苯乙基]-1-甲基哌啶]-1-苯乙酮,收率高,工艺简单,并且催化剂能够继续回收利用,适用于工业化生产;改变了目前不对称合成难以实现的现状,节约资源,降低了生产成本。
为克服现有技术中的上述问题,本发明提供了一种合成洛贝林使用的关键中间体方法,先采用(1S,2S)-1,2-二苯基乙二胺为原料经过酰化、取代等三步制备手性胺催化剂;主路线总共两步,采用戊二醛、苯甲酰乙酸、 甲胺盐酸盐合成出顺式山梗烷酮,在催化剂的作用下,通过温和的反应条件进行不对称选择性还原合成2-[(2R,6S)-6-[(2S)-2-羟基-2-苯乙基]-1-甲基哌啶]-1-苯乙酮。
本路线共五步,在工艺的前三步是制备手性催化剂,主路线共两步,都是简单的化学反应。整个工艺路线原料便宜易得,催化剂可以回收继续利用,成本低,工艺简单,反应条件温和,操作方便,总收率高。
(1)酰化反应:(1S,2S)-1,2-二苯基乙二胺和对甲苯磺酰氯发生酰化反应得到如式(I)所示的中间体;
(2)取代反应:如式(I)所示的中间体与3-苯基丙醇在有机碱的作用下反应得到如式(II)所示的中间体;
(3)取代反应:如式(II)所示的中间体与三氯化铑在酸性条件下反应得 到如式(IⅡ)所示的中间体;
(4)缩合反应:苯甲酰乙酸、甲胺盐酸盐、戊二醛在柠檬酸缓冲盐水溶液中反应如式(IV)所示的中间体;
(5)选择性还原反应:如式(IV)所示的中间体在如式(IⅡ)所示的中间体催化剂的作用下,经过甲酸铵还原得到如式(TM)所示的2-[(2R,6S)-6-[(2S)-2-羟基-2-苯乙基]-1-甲基哌啶]-1-苯乙酮。
优选步骤(1)中,(1S,2S)-1,2-二苯基乙二胺和对甲苯磺酰氯的摩尔比为:1∶0.95-1∶1。
优选步骤(2)中的有机碱为:三乙胺、吡啶、2,6-二甲基吡啶中的一种。
优选步骤(3)中的酸性条件为HCl/EtOH、HCl/MeOH中的一种。
优选步骤(4)中的戊二醛在柠檬酸缓冲盐水溶液的PH=4-5。
优选步骤(5)中如式(IV)所示的中间体与如式(IⅡ)所示的中间体催化剂质量比为0.5%-1.0%。
有益效果
1、采用简单易制备的方法合成出手性催化剂化合物III并能继续回收利用,通过温和的反应条件将顺式山梗烷酮选择性还原;
2、本发明采用的手性催化剂简单易制备,可以使反应收率高达90%,ee%值为98%以上,并且该催化剂可以回收重复利用,使得整个工艺成本低,利于工业化生产;
3、本发明的工艺路线简洁,原料便宜易得,成本低,反应条件温和,操作简便,制备出2-[(2R,6S)-6-[(2S)-2-羟基-2-苯乙基]-1-甲基哌啶]-1苯乙酮手性纯度高且收率高。
说明书附图
图1为化合物I的1H NMR谱图
图2为化合物II的1H NMR谱图
图3为化合物III的1H NMR谱图
图4为最终产物的1H NMR谱图
具体实施方式
实施例1
将(1S,2S)-1,2-二苯基乙二胺(1.0g,4.7mmol)加入到10mLDCM中,搅拌溶解澄清后,加入5mL 2N NaOH水溶液,降温至0℃,滴加对甲苯磺酰氯(0.84g,4.4mmol)的二氯甲烷(10mL)溶液,维持0℃反应1小时后,升温至室温反应2小时,HPLC检测反应结束。将反应液倒入饱和氯化钠溶液(10mL)中,搅拌10分钟,分层后,水相用DCM(10mL)萃取一次,合并有机相,干燥,减压蒸馏除去二氯甲烷,得粗品。经石油醚/乙酸乙酯体系重结晶得到黄色固体化合物I(1.4g,80.9%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3 400MHz):δ2.335(s,1H),4.160-4.172(d,1H),4.400-4.413(d,1H),6.978-6.998(d,2H),7.119-7.191(m,10H),7.318-7.339(d,2H).
将3-(1,4-环己二烯)-1-丙醇(840mg,6.13mmol)加入到2,6-二甲基吡啶(0.94mL)中,氮气保护下,冷却至0℃,搅拌30分钟,缓慢滴加三氟甲磺酸酐(1.83g,6.5mmol),滴加完毕后,维持0℃,反应30分钟后升至室温,反应1小时;然后将反应液继续降温至0℃,加入化合物I(1.4g,3.82mmol)和TEA(930mg,9.2mmol)的二氯甲烷溶液,维持此温度1小时,撤去冰浴,室温搅拌过夜至HPLC检测反应结束。将反应液倒入饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液中,分层,有机相水洗一次,干燥,浓缩得粗品,加入乙醇重结晶的白色固体化合物II(1.6g,86.9%)。
1H NMR(DMSO 400MHz):δ1.335(m,2H),1.556(d,1H),1.758-1.852(m,2H),2.221-2.249(d,2H),2.504(s,3H),2.556-2.576(d,2H),2.844(m,2H),3.662-3.684(d,1H),4.254(d,1H),5.280(s,1H),5.649(s,2H),6.820-6.859(m,2H),6.915-6.931(m,3H),6.973-6.986(m,2H),6.992-7.036(m,5H),7.360-7.381(d,2H).
ESI-MS:[M+H]+(485.2)。
化合物Ⅱ(0.5g,1.0mmol)溶于DCM(10mL)中,搅拌均匀,室温下加入1N HCl/EtOH(3mL),搅拌30分钟后,浓缩至无溶剂蒸出,加入EtOH(20mL)搅拌均匀后,加入三氯化铑(0.179g,0.7mmol),加入回流过夜后,反应结束。降温至室温,抽滤得黑色固体化合物Ⅲ(330mg,70%)。
1H NMR(DMSO 400MHz):δ1.890-2.055(m,2H),2.20(s,3H),3.203-3.504(m,4H),4.441-4.542(m,1H),4.745(dd,1H),5.671-5.806(m,3H),5.97-6.02(m,2H),6.705-7.300(m,14H),8.632(d,1H),9.062(br s,1H),9.54(br s,1H).
于反应瓶中依次加入苯甲酰乙酸(5.72g,34.7mmol)、甲胺盐酸盐(1.14g,17.0mmol)、25%戊二醛水溶液(5.25mL,13.0mmol)、0.05mmol/mL柠檬酸盐缓冲剂(500mL,PH=4),室温下搅拌48小时,HPLC检测反应结束,用正庚烷(100mL*2)萃取两次,合并有机相,用4N HCl调PH=1,有白色固体析出,过滤,鼓风干燥的化合物IV(2.195g,45%)。
化合物IV(30g,89.4mmol)溶于1,2-二氯乙烷(300mL)中,抽真空置换氮气后,依次加入甲酸铵(11.2g,178.8mmol)、催化剂化合物Ⅲ(150mg,0.5%),加热升温至75℃,搅拌1小时,HPLC检测反应结束。将反应冷却至室温,加入10%Na2CO3(100mL),搅拌30分钟,分层,有机相用水(100mL)洗涤一次,干燥浓缩的粗品,经EA/PE体系重结晶的得到白色固体即目标产物TM(26.9g,89.3%)。
1H NMR(DMSO 400MHz):δ1.780-2.051(m,7H),2.101-2.157(m,1H),2.504(s,3H),3.478-3.545(m,1H),3.671-3.762(m,2H),3.929(s,1H),4.720-4.745(d,2H),5.794(s,1H),7.240-7.275(m,1H),7.328-7.391(m,4H),7.551-7.589(m,2H),7.677-7.695(m,1H),8.058-8.076(d,2H),10.475(s,1H).
实施例2
步骤与实施例1相同,所不同的是将(1S,2S)-1,2-二苯基乙二胺(3.0g,14.1mmol)加入到50mLDCM中,搅拌溶解澄清后,加入15mL 2N NaOH水溶液,降温至0℃,滴加对甲苯磺酰氯(2.65g,14.1mmol)的二氯甲烷(30mL)溶液,维持0℃反应1小时后,升温至室温反应2小时,HPLC检测反应结束。将反应液倒入饱和氯化钠溶液(30mL)中,搅拌10分钟,分层后,水相用DCM(30mL)萃取一次,合并有机相,干燥,减压蒸馏除去二氯甲烷,得粗品。经石油醚/乙酸乙酯体系重结晶得到黄色固体化合物I(4.48g,82.3%)
实施例3
将3-苯基丙醇(2.1g,15.3mmol)加入到吡啶(2.4g,30.6mmol)中,氮气保护下,冷却至0℃,搅拌30分钟,缓慢滴加三氟甲磺酸酐(4.57g,16.2mmol),滴加完毕后,维持0℃,反应30分钟后升至室温,反应1小时;然后将反应液继续降温至0℃,加入化合物I(3.5g,9.55mmol)和TEA(2.3g,23.0mmol)的二氯甲烷溶液,维持此温度1小时,撤去冰浴,室温搅拌过夜至HPLC检测反应结束。将反应液倒入饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液中,分层,有机相水洗一次,干燥,浓缩得粗品,加入乙醇重结晶的白色固体化合物II(3.68g,80.1%)。
实施例4
步骤与实施例1相同,所不同的是将化合物Ⅱ(0.5g,1.0mmol)溶于DCM(10mL)中,搅拌均匀,室温下加入1N HCl/MeOH(3mL),搅拌30分钟后,浓缩至无溶剂蒸出,加入MeOH(20mL)搅拌均匀后,加入三氯化铑(0.179g,0.7mmol),加入回流过夜后,反应结束。降温至室温,抽滤得黑色固体化合物Ⅲ(294mg,62.5%)。
实施例5
步骤与实施例1相同,所不同的是将化合物IV(10g,29.8mmol)溶于1,2-二氯乙烷(100mL)中,抽真空置换氮气后,依次加入甲酸铵(3.73g,59.6mmol)、催化剂化合物Ⅲ(100mg,1.0%),加热升温至75℃,搅拌1小时,HPLC检测反应结束。将反应冷却至室温,加入10%Na2CO3(50mL),搅拌30分钟,分层,有机相用水(50mL)洗涤一次,干燥浓缩的粗品,经EA/PE体系重结晶的得到白色固体即目标产物TM(9.1g,91.0%)。

Claims (6)

1.一种如式(TM)所示的2-[(2R,6S)-6-[(2S)-2-羟基-2-苯乙基]-1-甲基哌啶]-1-苯乙酮的合成方法,其特征在于:所述的制备方法步骤如下:
(1)酰化反应:(1S,2S)-1,2-二苯基乙二胺和对甲苯磺酰氯发生酰化反应得到如式(I)所示的中间体;
(2)取代反应:如式(I)所示的中间体与3-苯基丙醇在有机碱的作用下反应得到如式(II)所示的中间体;
(3)取代反应:如式(II)所示的中间体与三氯化铑在酸性条件下反应得到如式(III)所示的中间体;
(4)缩合反应:苯甲酰乙酸、甲胺盐酸盐、戊二醛在柠檬酸缓冲盐水溶液中反应如式(IV)所示的中间体;
(5)选择性还原反应:如式(IV)所示的中间体在如式(III)所示的中间体催化剂的作用下,经过甲酸铵还原得到如式(TM)所示的2-[(2R,6S)-6-[(2S)-2-羟基-2-苯乙基]-1-甲基哌啶]-1-苯乙酮。
2.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于:所述的步骤(1)中,(1S,2S)-1,2-二苯基乙二胺和对甲苯磺酰氯的摩尔比为1∶0.95-1∶1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于:所述的步骤(2)中,所述的有机碱为:三乙胺、吡啶、2,6-二甲基吡啶中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于:所述的步骤(3)中,所述的酸性条件为HCl/EtOH、HCl/MeOH中的一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于:所述的步骤(4)中,所述的戊二醛在柠檬酸缓冲盐水溶液的PH为4-5。
6.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于:所述的步骤(5)中,如式(IV)所示的中间体与如式(III)所示的中间体质量比为0.5%-1.0%。
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