CN106495893B - Rice cultivation method beneficial to carbon sequestration and emission reduction by using biochar - Google Patents
Rice cultivation method beneficial to carbon sequestration and emission reduction by using biochar Download PDFInfo
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- CN106495893B CN106495893B CN201610977679.9A CN201610977679A CN106495893B CN 106495893 B CN106495893 B CN 106495893B CN 201610977679 A CN201610977679 A CN 201610977679A CN 106495893 B CN106495893 B CN 106495893B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a rice cultivation method using biochar to benefit carbon fixation and emission reduction, wherein biochar and a high-phosphorus fertilizer are mixed to obtain a biochar base fertilizer (the main components are biochar, bean pulp, rice bran, vinasse and calcium superphosphate).
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, in particular to a rice cultivation method which utilizes biochar and is beneficial to carbon sequestration and emission reduction.
Background
Biochar is a solid product generated by high-temperature thermal cracking of a biological organic material (biomass) in an anoxic or anaerobic environment. The carbon dioxide slow release fertilizer can be used as a high-quality energy source and a soil conditioner, can also be used as a reducing agent, a fertilizer slow release carrier, a carbon dioxide sealing agent and the like, is widely applied to carbon fixation emission reduction, water source purification, heavy metal adsorption, soil improvement and the like, and can provide a solution for global-critical hot spot problems such as climate change, environmental pollution, soil function degradation and the like to a certain extent.
Through the search of documents, Chinese patent CN102775236A discloses 'an agricultural and forestry waste carbon-based slow release fertilizer and a preparation method thereof', 'CN 102424642A' a production method of a biochar-based slow release nitrogen fertilizer ', CN 102358714' a multifunctional biomass carbon fertilizer produced by using straw and kitchen waste biomass carbon 'and' patent CN102701834A 'a biochar-based probiotic agent and a preparation method thereof', which all use agricultural and forestry waste to carry out carbonization treatment to produce biochar, and then directly mix with an inorganic, organic or microbial agent to prepare the carbon-based fertilizer. According to the technologies, the biochar is applied to the fertilizer as a slow release agent, but the research on the carbon fixation and emission reduction effect of the biochar is lacked, and particularly the degradation effect of the biochar on crop straws is not reported.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rice cultivation method which utilizes biochar and is beneficial to carbon sequestration and emission reduction so as to improve the degradation rate of rice straws and achieve the effects of carbon sequestration and emission reduction.
A rice cultivation method using charcoal to benefit carbon sequestration and emission reduction comprises the following steps:
A. air drying and crushing the agricultural and forestry waste;
B. b, carrying out limited oxygen pyrolysis on the crushed material obtained in the step A at the temperature of 300-700 ℃ for 1-5 hours, cooling to room temperature, grinding, and sieving to obtain biochar;
C. mixing the rice straw degrading composite microbial inoculum with the biochar, fermenting for 2-3 days, carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain immobilized biochar, and storing at room temperature;
D. mixing the high-phosphorus fertilizer and the immobilized biochar, fully stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a biochar-based fertilizer;
E. in autumn every year, the biochar-based fertilizer is applied to farmland soil before ploughing;
F. ploughing the fertilized soil by 18-20cm to fully mix the biochar-based fertilizer with farmland soil;
G. and (5) planting rice in the ploughed farmland soil, and using a conventional fertilizer.
The farmland in the step E is a rice farmland in northeast regions, and the soil condition of the biochar-based fertilizer is that rice straws are left for 10-20cm after the rice is harvested.
Preferably, the compound microbial inoculum for degrading the rice straws in the step C comprises the following microorganisms, namely azotobacter, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, trichoderma harzianum and pseudomonas saccharophila.
Preferably, the concentration of the microbial inoculum is 109-1010 cfu/mL.
Preferably, the high-phosphorus fertilizer in the step D comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 8-15% of soybean meal, 5-12% of rice bran, 15-25% of vinasse and the balance of calcium superphosphate.
Preferably, in the biochar-based fertilizer, the ratio of the high-phosphorus fertilizer to the biochar is 1: (2-4).
The invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the rice cultivation method using the biochar to benefit carbon sequestration and emission reduction, the biochar and the high-phosphorus fertilizer are mixed to obtain the biochar base fertilizer, the base fertilizer is applied to rice farmlands in the northeast region, so that the degradation rate of rice straws can be increased from less than 50% to more than 85%, a good fertilizer slow release effect is achieved, the use amount of the fertilizer is reduced, and a certain adsorption and degradation effect on carbon dioxide in the air can be achieved.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below.
Detailed Description
The following is a detailed description of embodiments of the invention, but the invention can be implemented in many different ways, as defined and covered by the claims.
The test farmland of the invention is a paddy farmland in northeast region, the farmland of the following examples is located in Heilongjiang Jiamusi, and belongs to middle temperature zone continental monsoon climate, rain and heat are in the same period, and the annual average temperature is 3 ℃. The winter is long and summer is short, the frost-free period is about 140 days, the average annual precipitation is 527 mm, the sunshine hours are 2525 hours, and the effective accumulated temperature is 2590 ℃.
Example 1
A rice cultivation method using charcoal to benefit carbon sequestration and emission reduction comprises the following steps:
A. air drying and crushing the agricultural and forestry waste;
B. b, carrying out limited oxygen pyrolysis on the crushed material obtained in the step A at 600 ℃ for 2.5 hours, cooling to room temperature, grinding, and sieving to obtain biochar;
C. mixing the rice straw degrading composite microbial inoculum with the biochar, fermenting for 2.5 days, carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain immobilized biochar, and storing at room temperature;
D. mixing the high-phosphorus fertilizer and the immobilized biochar, fully stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a biochar-based fertilizer;
E. in autumn every year, the biochar-based fertilizer is applied to farmland soil before ploughing;
F. ploughing the fertilized soil by 18-20cm to fully mix the biochar-based fertilizer with farmland soil;
G. and (5) planting rice in the ploughed farmland soil, and using a conventional fertilizer.
In the step E, the soil condition of the biochar-based fertilizer is that after the rice is harvested, rice straws are left in a farmland with the stubble length of 15 cm.
The compound microbial inoculum for degrading the rice straws in the step C comprises the following microorganisms, namely azotobacter, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, trichoderma harzianum and pseudomonas saccharophila. The concentration of the microbial inoculum is 2 x 1010 cfu/mL.
The high-phosphorus fertilizer in the step D comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 12% of soybean meal, 7% of rice bran, 23% of vinasse and the balance of calcium superphosphate.
In the biochar-based fertilizer, the ratio of the high-phosphorus fertilizer to the biochar is 1: 3.
example 2
A rice cultivation method using charcoal to benefit carbon sequestration and emission reduction comprises the following steps:
A. air drying and crushing the agricultural and forestry waste;
B. b, carrying out limited oxygen pyrolysis on the crushed material obtained in the step A at 700 ℃ for 1 hour, cooling to room temperature, grinding, and sieving to obtain biochar;
C. mixing the rice straw degrading composite microbial inoculum with the biochar, fermenting for 3 days, carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain immobilized biochar, and storing at room temperature;
D. mixing the high-phosphorus fertilizer and the immobilized biochar, fully stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a biochar-based fertilizer;
E. in autumn every year, the biochar-based fertilizer is applied to farmland soil before ploughing;
F. ploughing the fertilized soil by 18-20cm to fully mix the biochar-based fertilizer with farmland soil;
G. and (5) planting rice in the ploughed farmland soil, and using a conventional fertilizer.
In the step E, the soil condition of the biochar-based fertilizer is that after the rice is harvested, rice straws are left in a farmland with the stubble length of 15 cm.
The compound microbial inoculum for degrading the rice straws in the step C comprises the following microorganisms, namely azotobacter, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, trichoderma harzianum and pseudomonas saccharophila. The concentration of the microbial inoculum is 9 x 1010 cfu/mL.
The high-phosphorus fertilizer in the step D comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 8% of soybean meal, 12% of rice bran, 15% of vinasse and the balance of calcium superphosphate.
In the biochar-based fertilizer, the ratio of the high-phosphorus fertilizer to the biochar is 1: 2.
example 3
A rice cultivation method using charcoal to benefit carbon sequestration and emission reduction comprises the following steps:
A. air drying and crushing the agricultural and forestry waste;
B. b, carrying out limited oxygen pyrolysis on the crushed material obtained in the step A at 300 ℃ for 5 hours, cooling to room temperature, grinding, and sieving to obtain biochar;
C. mixing the rice straw degrading composite microbial inoculum with the biochar, fermenting for 2 days, carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain immobilized biochar, and storing at room temperature;
D. mixing the high-phosphorus fertilizer and the immobilized biochar, fully stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a biochar-based fertilizer;
E. in autumn every year, the biochar-based fertilizer is applied to farmland soil before ploughing;
F. ploughing the fertilized soil by 18-20cm to fully mix the biochar-based fertilizer with farmland soil;
G. and (5) planting rice in the ploughed farmland soil, and using a conventional fertilizer.
In the step E, the soil condition of the biochar-based fertilizer is that after the rice is harvested, rice straws are left in a farmland with the stubble length of 15 cm.
The compound microbial inoculum for degrading the rice straws in the step C comprises the following microorganisms, namely azotobacter, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, trichoderma harzianum and pseudomonas saccharophila. The concentration of the microbial inoculum is 1 × 109 cfu/mL.
The high-phosphorus fertilizer in the step D comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 15% of soybean meal, 5% of rice bran, 25% of vinasse and the balance of calcium superphosphate.
In the biochar-based fertilizer, the ratio of the high-phosphorus fertilizer to the biochar is 1: 4.
comparative example 1
The distiller's grains in example 1 were replaced with soybean meal, and the rest of cultivation methods were unchanged.
Comparative example 2
The calcium superphosphate in example 1 was replaced with soybean meal, and the remaining cultivation method was unchanged.
Comparative example
The charcoal base fertilizer is not used, and other cultivation methods are unchanged.
The degradation rates of the rice straws in the farmlands of the examples 1 to 3, the comparative examples 1 to 2 and the comparative example were measured to obtain the following measurement data:
from the test data it can be known that:
1. after the biochar-based fertilizer disclosed by the invention is added, the degradation rate of the rice straws is greatly improved and can reach more than 85%.
2. The addition of the calcium superphosphate has certain influence on the degradation rate of the rice straws.
3. The addition of the vinasse has very obvious influence on the degradation rate of the rice straws.
4. After the biochar-based fertilizer is added, the continuous degradation effect on the rice straws is much better after 5 weeks regardless of whether the calcium superphosphate and the vinasse are added.
The rice cultivation method provided by the invention has the advantages that the degradation effect on rice straws is obviously improved, and the possible principle is as follows: due to the addition of the biochar and various microorganisms in the soil, under the comprehensive action of the biochar and the microorganisms, particularly in the early growth stage of rice, water exists in a rice field, the soil is mainly in an anaerobic environment, the degradation effect of the microorganisms on rice straws and carbon dioxide is obviously improved, and meanwhile, the activities of sucrase, soil dehydrogenase and urease in the soil are obviously enhanced, so that the carbon sequestration and emission reduction effects are achieved.
After the vinasse is added, a better and proper living environment is possibly provided for microorganisms, so that the degradation rate of the rice straw is further improved; the addition of the calcium superphosphate has certain influence on the degradation rate of the rice straws, and the phosphate fertilizer is probably favorable for the generation of plant-derived enzymes.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A rice cultivation method using charcoal beneficial to carbon sequestration and emission reduction is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. air drying and crushing the agricultural and forestry waste;
B. b, carrying out limited oxygen pyrolysis on the crushed material obtained in the step A at the temperature of 300-700 ℃ for 1-5 hours, cooling to room temperature, grinding, and sieving to obtain biochar;
C. mixing the rice straw degrading composite microbial inoculum with the biochar, fermenting for 2-3 days, carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain immobilized biochar, and storing at room temperature;
D. mixing the high-phosphorus fertilizer and the immobilized biochar, fully stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a biochar-based fertilizer;
E. in autumn every year, the biochar-based fertilizer is applied to farmland soil before ploughing;
F. ploughing the fertilized soil by 18-20cm to fully mix the biochar-based fertilizer with farmland soil;
G. planting rice in the ploughed farmland soil, and using a conventional fertilizer;
the farmland in the step E is a rice farmland in northeast regions, and the soil condition of the biochar-based fertilizer is that after rice is harvested, rice straws are left for stubble in the farmland of 10-20 cm;
the compound microbial inoculum for degrading the rice straws in the step C comprises the following microorganisms, namely azotobacter, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, trichoderma harzianum and pseudomonas saccharophila;
the high-phosphorus fertilizer in the step D comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 8-15% of soybean meal, 5-12% of rice bran, 15-25% of vinasse and the balance of calcium superphosphate.
2. The method for cultivating rice with charcoal beneficial to carbon sequestration and emission reduction as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concentration of the microbial inoculum is 109-1010cfu/mL。
3. The method for cultivating rice with charcoal beneficial to carbon sequestration and emission reduction of claim 1, wherein in the charcoal-based fertilizer, the ratio of the high-phosphorus fertilizer to the charcoal is 1: (2-4).
4. The method for cultivating rice, which utilizes biochar to benefit carbon sequestration and emission reduction, as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
A. air drying and crushing the agricultural and forestry waste;
B. b, carrying out limited oxygen pyrolysis on the crushed material obtained in the step A at 600 ℃ for 2.5 hours, cooling to room temperature, grinding, and sieving to obtain biochar;
C. mixing the rice straw degrading composite microbial inoculum with the biochar, fermenting for 2.5 days, carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain immobilized biochar, and storing at room temperature;
D. mixing the high-phosphorus fertilizer and the immobilized biochar, fully stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a biochar-based fertilizer;
E. in autumn every year, the biochar-based fertilizer is applied to farmland soil before ploughing;
F. ploughing the fertilized soil by 18-20cm to fully mix the biochar-based fertilizer with farmland soil;
G. planting rice in the ploughed farmland soil, and using a conventional fertilizer;
in the step E, the soil condition of the biochar-based fertilizer is that after rice is harvested, rice straws are left in a farmland with 10-20cm of stubble;
the compound microbial inoculum for degrading the rice straws in the step C comprises the following microorganisms, namely azotobacter, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, trichoderma harzianum and pseudomonas saccharophila; the concentration of the microbial inoculum is 2 x 1010cfu/mL；
The high-phosphorus fertilizer in the step D comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 12% of soybean meal, 7% of rice bran, 23% of vinasse and the balance of calcium superphosphate;
in the biochar-based fertilizer, the ratio of the high-phosphorus fertilizer to the biochar is 1: 3;
the farmland is located in Yangtze river Jia Musi.
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| CN110140616A (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2019-08-20 | 黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所 | A kind of rice cultivating method that Heilongjiangdistrict carbon fixation and emission reduction increases production and improves productivity |
| CN114558417B (en) * | 2022-02-18 | 2024-06-07 | 湖南农业大学 | Emission reduction method for greenhouse gases in rice field |
| CN115191303A (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2022-10-18 | 四川省农业科学院水稻高粱研究所 | Method for cultivating carbon-fixing rice in winter paddy field by emission reduction |
| CN115502198B (en) * | 2022-09-08 | 2023-11-14 | 永清环保股份有限公司 | Method for carbon fixation and cadmium reduction of farmland with light and medium heavy metal pollution |
| CN115486346A (en) * | 2022-09-28 | 2022-12-20 | 中国农业科学院都市农业研究所 | Culture medium for carbon sequestration and emission reduction and preparation method thereof |
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| CN103396171A (en) * | 2013-07-18 | 2013-11-20 | 上海交通大学 | Environmentally friendly biochar-based fertilizer and application method thereof |
| CN105000999A (en) * | 2015-07-30 | 2015-10-28 | 合肥旭腾环保科技有限公司 | Wheat straw biochar fertilizer for improving soil fertilizer and moisture conservation effect and preparation method of wheat straw biochar fertilizer |
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