CN106495219B - 激光诱导制备KNb3O8纳米线的方法 - Google Patents

激光诱导制备KNb3O8纳米线的方法 Download PDF

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CN106495219B
CN106495219B CN201610933225.1A CN201610933225A CN106495219B CN 106495219 B CN106495219 B CN 106495219B CN 201610933225 A CN201610933225 A CN 201610933225A CN 106495219 B CN106495219 B CN 106495219B
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刘立英
李�瑞
王如志
严辉
隋曼龄
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Abstract

激光诱导制备KNb3O8纳米线的方法属于新型功能材料技术领域。本发明使用405nm的半导体激光器,实验前在石英玻璃上镀Ti和Au,作为铌酸钾纳米线生长的衬底。向氢氧化钾溶液中加入Nb2O5粉末,使K:Nb的比例为50:1,并用磁力搅拌器搅拌15min,使Nb2O5充分溶解;激光照射时间分别为4‑12min。通过XRD、SEM等技术手段对微结构表征,表明产物为最强衍射峰在(110)晶面上的KNb3O8一维纳米线。通过紫外‑可见吸收和光致发光性能的测试,表明KNb3O8的带隙为2.98eV,具有潜在的蓝光发光特性。本发明通过激光照射时间的控制,生成长度,粗细不同的一维纳米结构,首次利用激光生成一维线状的KNb3O8纳米结构。

Description

激光诱导制备KNb3O8纳米线的方法
技术领域
激光诱导生成纳米线的方法,属于新型功能材料的制备技术领域。
背景技术
激光诱导在衬底上制备纳米线的方法,是新颖的制备一维纳米结构的方法,其产物的形貌取决于激光照射的时间、激光功率、衬底表面催化剂的厚度和反应物浓度等多个因素的控制。与一些传统制备手段相比,具有许多优点,如样品制备时间较短、所制备出的纳米线结构长径比较大、形貌丰富多样等。
目前对KNb3O8纳米结构材料的制备主要有固相烧结法、熔盐法、高压水热法。但是用激光诱导方法制备KNb3O8纳米结构的研究和报道几乎还是空白。
本发明在适当的反应物配比及激光功率条件下,通过反应时间的控制,激光水热技术生成了KNb3O8一维纳米结构;获得的纳米线长度可达70μm,长径比可达50;并对其进行紫外-可见光谱测试和光致发光(PL)测试发现其可以有效的吸收400~475nm波长范围内的光谱。该方法的开拓有利于更简单的制备目标产物及性能研究,推动了新材料制备技术的实质性发展。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种在适当的反应物配比及激光功率条件下,通过反应时间的控制,激光水热技术生成KNb3O8一维纳米结构的方法。
本发明所采用的激光诱导方法,包括以下工艺步骤:
1)将KOH晶体溶解到水中,配置浓度为25mol/L的氢氧化钾溶液;
2)称取的五氧化二铌粉体(Nb2O5);将称取好的五氧化二铌粉末,加入到已经配好的氢氧化钾溶液中,使K:Nb的摩尔比例为50:1,用磁力搅拌器充分搅拌,使溶液混合均匀;
3)将石英玻璃用酒精超声清洗,再用去离子水洗涤若干次;
4)使用直流溅射方法,在石英衬底上先镀一层厚度为15nm~25nm的Ti;再使用喷金仪镀一层厚度为130nm~140nm的Au,作为KNb3O8纳米线生长的衬底;
5)将制备好的衬底放入一个耐碱容器底部,有金膜的一面朝上。将制备好的溶液倒入小容器中,没过衬底;
6)使用波长为405nm的半导体激光,激光电流为50mA,功率为1.2W,分别照射 4-12min。
7)照射完毕,从溶液中用镊子取出衬底,用去离子水冲洗几次,从衬底的上表面得到KNb3O8一维纳米结构。
本发明的有益效果在于:
本发明利用简单的设备和巧妙的工艺控制,实现了激光水热法制备的KNb3O8一维纳米结构,获得了高长径比、形貌丰富的KNb3O8纳米线。
附图说明
图1a激光照射4min获得的KNb3O8扫描电镜图之一
图1b激光照射4min获得的KNb3O8扫描电镜图之二
图2激光照射6min获得的KNb3O8扫描电镜图
图3激光照射8min获得的KNb3O8扫描电镜图
图4激光照射10min获得的KNb3O8扫描电镜图
图5激光照射12min获得的KNb3O8扫描电镜图
图6激光照射10min获得的KNb3O8纳米线的XRD图
图7激光照射10min获得的KNb3O8紫外-可见光谱图
图8激光照射获得的KNb3O8光致发光(PL)光谱图
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例进一步阐明本发明的实质性特点,但本发明决不仅局限于以下实施例。实施例中所涉及的主要参数的设置如下表所示:
根据激光吸收率公式:ρ为电阻率;λ为激光波长。
钛的电阻率为0.556μΩ·m;金的电阻率为2.4μΩ·m。激光波长为405nm,因此Au的吸收率远远大于Ti的吸收率。
Ti的热膨胀系数为9.41~10.03×10-6/℃;Au的热膨胀系数为14.2×10-6/℃激光照射时,金吸收的热量多,热膨胀系数大,实验时如果不镀Ti作为缓冲层,Au容易脱落。因此选择在石英玻璃衬底上镀Ti膜和Au膜。
实验过程中由于实验仪器的限制,激光电流不能超过60mA,而电流在46mA和55mA时,并没有线状物质生成。而且激光照射时间大于15min时,由于激光能量过大,金膜脱落。照射时间小于4min时,衬底表面没有物质生成。因此实验室采用激光电流55mA,在 4~12min时间内照射。
产物的粉末X射线衍射(XRD)图谱采用的仪器为Bruker D-8 Advance粉末衍射仪(Cu Kα辐射,);扫描电镜所用仪器为Hitachi S-3500型扫描电子显微镜;紫外-可见光谱仪型号为UV-3101PC;利用FLS980荧光光谱仪测试光致发光性能。
实施例1
称取2.0g(7.5mmol)的五氧化二铌粉体,然后将43.6682 g的KOH晶体溶解到30 mL的水中,配制成25mol/L浓度的氢氧化钾溶液,利用磁力搅拌器使其充分溶解;将称取研磨好的五氧化二铌粉末,加入到已经配好的25mol/L的氢氧化钾碱性溶液中,使用磁力搅拌器充分搅拌,使其充分混合;加入已放入衬底的容器中,用激光照射4 min。实验结束后将衬底从溶液里取出,用去离子水冲洗几次,得到KNb3O8一维纳米结构。
实施例2
称取2.0g(7.5mmol)的五氧化二铌粉体,然后将43.6682 g的KOH晶体溶解到30 mL的水中,配制成25mol/L浓度的氢氧化钾溶液,利用磁力搅拌器使其充分溶解;将称取研磨好的五氧化二铌粉末,加入到已经配好的25mol/L的氢氧化钾碱性溶液中,使用磁力搅拌器充分搅拌,使其充分混合;加入已放入衬底的容器中,用激光照射6 min。实验结束后将衬底从溶液里取出,用去离子水冲洗几次,得到KNb3O8一维纳米结构。实例2与实例1对比,纳米线成针尖状,长度比较长。由于纳米线数量增多,发光强度略高于照射4min 时。
实施例3
称取2.0g(7.5mmol)的五氧化二铌粉体,然后将43.6682g的KOH晶体溶解到30mL的水中,配制成25mol/L浓度的氢氧化钾溶液,利用磁力搅拌器使其充分溶解;将称取研磨好的五氧化二铌粉末,加入到已经配好的25mol/L的氢氧化钾碱性溶液中,使用磁力搅拌器充分搅拌,使其充分混合;加入已放入衬底的容器中,用激光照射8min。实验结束后将衬底从溶液里捞取出,用去离子水冲洗几次,得到KNb3O8一维纳米结构。与实例2对比,纳米线比较分散,并未从团簇中长出,长度更长。纳米线数量更多,发光强度最大。
实施例4
称取2.0g(7.5mmol)的五氧化二铌粉体,然后将43.6682g的KOH晶体溶解到30mL的水中,配制成25mol/L浓度的氢氧化钾溶液,利用磁力搅拌器使其充分溶解;将称取研磨好的五氧化二铌粉末,加入到已经配好的25mol/L的氢氧化钾碱性溶液中,使用磁力搅拌器充分搅拌,使其充分混合;加入已放入衬底的容器中,用激光照射10min。实验结束后将衬底从溶液里取出,用去离子水冲洗几次,得到KNb3O8一维纳米结构。得到纳米线长度达到70μm,从团簇中长出。纳米线长度最长,但由于数量有限,发光强度并不是最高。
实施例5
称取2.0g(7.5mmol)的五氧化二铌粉体,然后将43.6682g的KOH晶体溶解到30mL的水中,配制成25mol/L浓度的氢氧化钾溶液,利用磁力搅拌器使其充分溶解;将称取研磨好的五氧化二铌粉末,加入到已经配好的25mol/L的氢氧化钾碱性溶液中,使用磁力搅拌器充分搅拌,使其充分混合;加入已放入衬底的容器中,用激光分别照射12min。实验结束后将衬底从溶液里取出,用去离子水冲洗几次,得到KNb3O8一维纳米结构。由于温度梯度变小,实施例5中的纳米线长度变短,发光强度较弱。

Claims (1)

1.激光诱导制备KNb3O8纳米线的方法,其特征在于,包括以下工艺步骤:
1)将KOH溶解到去离子水中,配置浓度为25mol/L的氢氧化钾溶液;
2)称取五氧化二铌粉体;将称取好的五氧化二铌粉末,加入到已经配好的氢氧化钾溶液中,使K:Nb的摩尔比例为50:1,用磁力搅拌器充分搅拌,使溶液混合均匀;
3)将石英玻璃,用酒精超声清洗,再用去离子水洗涤若干次;
4)使用直流溅射方法,在清洗干净的石英玻璃上先镀一层厚度为15~20nm的Ti;再使用喷金仪镀一层厚度为130~140nm的Au,作为KNb3O8纳米线生长的衬底;
5)将制备好的衬底平放入一个耐碱容器底部,有金膜的一面朝上;将制备好的溶液倒入小容器中,没过衬底;
6)使用波长为405nm的半导体激光,激光电流为50mA,功率为1.2W,照射4-12min;
7)照射完毕,从溶液中用镊子取出衬底,用去离子水冲洗几次,在衬底的上表面得到KNb3O8一维纳米结构。
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Granted publication date: 20180112