CN106479654A - 水基金属切削液 - Google Patents

水基金属切削液 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106479654A
CN106479654A CN201610809295.6A CN201610809295A CN106479654A CN 106479654 A CN106479654 A CN 106479654A CN 201610809295 A CN201610809295 A CN 201610809295A CN 106479654 A CN106479654 A CN 106479654A
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China
Prior art keywords
cutting fluid
acid
aqueous cutting
agent
fluid according
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CN201610809295.6A
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张帆
熊庆玉
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Shenzhen Hongdawei Surface Treatment Technology Co Ltd
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Shenzhen Hongdawei Surface Treatment Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201610809295.6A priority Critical patent/CN106479654A/zh
Publication of CN106479654A publication Critical patent/CN106479654A/zh
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种水基金属切削液，由以下质量百分含量的原料制成：防锈剂2％～7％、缓蚀剂0.2％～2％、有机碱10％～20％、油酸酯类润滑剂20％～45％、酰胺2％～7％、乳化剂2％～6％、油性剂4％～9％、偶联剂0％～5％、软化剂0％～3％、杀菌剂1％～5％、消泡剂0.1％～2％、余量为水。本发明提供一种不含硫、磷、氯，不含硼酸，高效、环保、可循环使用的水基金属切削液。

Description

水基金属切削液
技术领域
本发明属于机械加工冷却润滑领域，涉及一种金属切削液，具体涉及一种用于金属切削加工过程的水基金属切削液。
背景技术
传统的金属加工液主要包含切削油及切削液两大类。切削油主要由基础油及各种含硫磷氯极压添加剂调配而成，有良好的润滑和防锈效果，但冷却性和清洗性差，使用过程油雾大，对环境污染大，潜在火灾风险。切削液则主要分全合成、半合成、乳化液三种。全合成切削液具有良好的冷却效果，但润滑效果差，主要使用于轻负荷加工场合；半合成切削液能兼顾润滑、冷却、防锈效果，但含有一定的基础油，部分产品还含有一定的含氯含磷极压添加剂；而乳化切削液则基础油含量较高，使用周期短，废液的后续处理麻烦。
现有的切削液大量使用硼酸、亚钠、氯化石蜡、烷基磺酸盐等，这些添加剂虽然能提供良好的加工效果，但是它们本身是致癌物质或会产生致癌物质，而影响人体生育，并且含有硫、磷、氯的切削液使用过程中产品易腐败发臭，生物降解性差，废液较难处理，对环境危害大。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题在于，针对现有技术的缺陷，提供一种不含硫、磷、氯，不含硼酸，高效、环保、可循环使用的水基金属切削液。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：一种水基金属切削液，由以下质量百分含量的原料制成：
所述的水基金属切削液中，优选由以下质量百分含量的原料制成：
所述的水基金属切削液中，优选所述的防锈剂为癸二酸、十一碳二酸、十二碳二酸、月桂酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、三元羧酸中的至少一种。
所述的水基金属切削液中，优选所述的缓蚀剂为苯骈三氮唑、苯骈三氮唑钠、甲基苯骈三氮唑、甲基苯骈三氮唑钠中的至少一种。
所述的水基金属切削液中，优选所述有机碱为一乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、一异丙醇胺、二异丙醇胺、三异丙醇胺、2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇、二甘醇胺、羟乙基乙二胺、异丙基氨乙醇、二环己胺中的至少一种。
所述的水基金属切削液中，优选所述的油酸酯类润滑剂为油酸异辛酯、三羟甲基丙烷油酸酯、季戊四醇油酸酯、新戊二醇二油酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷椰子油酸酯、聚合三油酸甘油酯、四聚蓖麻油酸酯中的至少一种。
所述的水基金属切削液中，优选所述的酰胺为二异丙醇酰胺、妥尔油一乙醇酰胺、妥尔油二乙醇酰胺、油酸三乙醇胺、油酸二乙醇胺或椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺。
所述的水基金属切削液中，优选所述的乳化剂为C12-C18醇聚氧乙烯醚、司盘80中的至少一种；所述的偶联剂为C8-C15醇醚羧酸、C2-C3醇中的一种。
所述的水基金属切削液中，优选所述的油性剂为环氧油酸、植物油酸、妥尔油、二聚酸、三聚酸、二十一碳二元酸中的至少一种；所述的软化剂为乙二胺四乙酸二钠、乙二胺四乙酸四钠中的至少一种。
所述的水基金属切削液中，优选所述的杀菌剂为乙二醇二羟甲醚、六氢化三嗪、吗啉类杀菌剂亚甲基双吗啉、苯并异噻唑啉酮、正丁基苯并异噻唑啉酮、异噻唑啉酮及其烷基衍生物类杀菌剂中的至少一种；所述的消泡剂为有机硅类消泡剂、浊点低于25℃聚醚类消泡剂、C15-C18高碳醇类消泡剂中的至少一种。
本发明的水基金属切削液为水基型，复配了多种润滑剂、防锈剂、油性剂、偶联剂、软化剂、消泡剂、杀菌剂等原料组分，其各组分之间协同作用功能强、浓缩液体系相溶性好，热力学稳定性佳，工作液采用去离子水或自来水稀释，制备工艺简单，价格低廉，使用周期长。
其中，采用防锈剂用于切削过程防锈抗氧化，可显著提高水基切削液的防锈性能及抗硬水性能；缓蚀剂同样用于防锈，强化了防锈性能，并且缓蚀剂主要能增强润滑剂成膜性能；有机碱使得切削液为碱性溶液，有利于切削液的稳定，并且碱性环境有利于抗菌防霉，增强杀菌剂的效果；酰胺可显著提高水基切削液的乳化稳定性，对产品的防锈清洗效果也具有促进作用；乳化剂可显著提高切削液的高温稳定性能，从而有利于切削过程中工件的清洗和冷却，有利于浓缩液储存的稳定性；油性剂与油酸酯复配可显著提高切削液的润滑性能，与醇胺反应后可提高切削液的防锈性能对切削液的乳化稳定性也有一定的促进作用；偶联剂可以显著提高切削液体系的渗透性和润湿性，使切削液能快速的渗入切削区，起润滑、冷却和带走切屑的清净作用；软化剂可提高切削液的抗硬水性能，对延长切削液防锈周期和使用周期具有促进作用；杀菌剂可有效抑制切削液的霉变腐败，从而延长切削液的使用周期；消泡剂可提高切削液的消泡和抑泡性能，以满足高端精密机床对金属切削加工的表面精度要求；采用的润滑剂为油酸酯类润滑剂，可在金属表面形成分子吸附膜，润滑抗磨性能良好，可降低切削时的磨擦阻力，不腐蚀有色金属，其吸附润滑能力可与含氯极压润滑相当，可完全替换含氯极压润滑剂，易于生物降解，并且不含硫、磷、氯，不会造成环境污染。
具体实施方式
为了对本发明的技术特征、目的和效果有更加清楚的理解，现详细说明本发明的具体实施方式。
以下结合优先实施例进一步说明本发明技术方案：
一种水基金属切削液，由以下质量百分含量的原料制成：
所述的水基金属切削液中，优选由以下质量百分含量的原料制成：
所述的水基金属切削液中，优选所述的防锈剂为癸二酸、十一碳二酸、十二碳二酸、月桂酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、三元羧酸中的至少一种。优选癸二酸、十一碳二酸、十二碳二酸中的至少一种。防锈剂可显著提高水基切削液的防锈性能及抗硬水性能。
所述的水基金属切削液中，优选所述的缓蚀剂为苯骈三氮唑、苯骈三氮唑钠、甲基苯骈三氮唑、甲基苯骈三氮唑钠中的至少一种。优选苯骈三氮唑。缓蚀剂具备优良的防锈性能的同时，对润滑作用也有协同作用。
所述的水基金属切削液中，优选所述有机碱为一乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、一异丙醇胺、二异丙醇胺、三异丙醇胺、2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇、二甘醇胺、羟乙基乙二胺、异丙基氨乙醇、二环己胺中的至少一种。优选一乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、二环己胺中的至少一种。有机碱进行一步提高水基切削液的防锈缓蚀性能、碱稳定性，同时对抗菌防霉效果也有协同作用。
所述的水基金属切削液中，优选所述的油酸酯类润滑剂为油酸异辛酯、三羟甲基丙烷油酸酯、季戊四醇油酸酯、新戊二醇二油酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷椰子油酸酯、聚合三油酸甘油酯、四聚蓖麻油酸酯中的至少一种。优选四聚蓖麻油酸酯、油酸异辛酯、三羟甲基丙烷油酸酯中的至少一种，油酸酯类润滑剂可显著提高水基切削液的润滑抗磨性能。
所述的水基金属切削液中，优选所述的酰胺为二异丙醇酰胺、妥尔油一乙醇酰胺、妥尔油二乙醇酰胺、油酸三乙醇胺、油酸二乙醇胺或椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺。优选妥尔油二乙醇酰胺、油酸三乙醇酰胺中的一种。酰胺可显著提高水基切削液的乳化稳定性，对产品的防锈清洗效果也具有促进作用。
所述的水基金属切削液中，优选所述的乳化剂为C12-C18醇聚氧乙烯醚、司盘80中的至少一种；优选脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚AEO-3、AEO-9中的至少一种。C12-C18醇聚氧乙烯醚是指碳链长度在12-18的醇聚氧乙烯醚。乳化剂可显著提高切削液的高温稳定性能，从而有利于切削过程中工件的清洗和冷却，有利于浓缩液储存的稳定性。AEO-9、AEO-3分别属于脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚的一种，属于非离子表面活性剂，是天然脂肪醇与环氧乙烷加成物。司盘80为山梨醇酐油酸酯。
所述的偶联剂为C8-C15醇醚羧酸、C2-C3醇中的一种，C8-C15醇醚羧酸指碳链长度为8-15的醇醚羧酸；C2-C3醇为甘油、乙醇、乙二醇、丙醇、异丙醇等小分子醇。优选挥发性小无气味的甘油、乙二醇中的一种。偶联剂可以显著提高切削液体系的渗透性和润湿性，使切削液能快速的渗入切削区，起润滑、冷却和带走切屑的清净作用。
所述的水基金属切削液中，优选所述的油性剂为环氧油酸、植物油酸、妥尔油、二聚酸(二聚脂肪酸，分子式为C36H68O4)、三聚酸(十八碳二烯酸三聚体)、二十一碳二元酸(5(6)-羧基-4-己基-2-环己烯-1-辛酸为主的混合物，由美国Westvaco公司开发，为商品)中的至少一种，优选价廉易得的油酸、妥尔油中的一种；所述的软化剂为乙二胺四乙酸二钠、乙二胺四乙酸四钠中的一种。可提高切削液的抗硬水性能，对延长切削液防锈周期和使用周期具有促进作用。
所述的水基金属切削液中，优选所述的杀菌剂为乙二醇二羟甲醚、六氢化三嗪、吗啉类杀菌剂亚甲基双吗啉、苯并异噻唑啉酮、正丁基苯并异噻唑啉酮、异噻唑啉酮及其烷基衍生物类杀菌剂中的至少一种；优选六氢化三嗪、苯并异噻唑啉酮中的至少一种；可有效抑制切削液的霉变腐败，从而延长切削液的使用周期。
所述的消泡剂为有机硅类消泡剂、浊点低于25℃聚醚类消泡剂、C15-C18高碳醇类消泡剂中的至少一种。优选有机硅乳液、聚醚类消泡剂中丙二醇嵌段聚醚、格尔伯特醇中的至少一种。可提高切削液的消泡和抑泡性能，以满足高端精密机床对金属切削加工的表面精度要求。
实施例1、一种水基切削液，由如下质量百分比的原料制成：
防锈剂：十一碳二酸5.5％
缓蚀剂：苯骈三氮唑1％
有机碱：三乙醇胺13％、二环己胺2％
润滑剂：油酸异辛酯18％、四聚蓖麻油酸酯11％
酰胺：妥尔油一乙醇酰胺3.5％
乳化剂：AEO3 0.7％、AEO9 2.3％
油性剂：二聚酸(二聚脂肪酸)6％
偶联剂：甘油2％
软化剂：乙二胺四乙酸四钠1％
杀菌剂：苯并异噻唑啉酮2％
消泡剂：有机硅乳液0.2％
去离子水：余量
水基切削液的制备方法包括以下步骤：
A、先将软化剂加入去离子水中，溶解制得透明软化水，再加入防锈剂、缓蚀剂、有机碱，搅拌溶解得透明防锈水；
B、将润滑剂、酰胺、油性剂混合，搅拌均匀得透明润滑体系；
C、将润滑体系加入到防锈水中，边加边搅拌，然后边搅拌边依次加入乳化剂、偶联剂、杀菌剂。混合均匀后得透明液体，再加入消泡剂，并快速搅拌直到液体透明无颗粒悬浮得成品切削液。
后续实施例均按实施例1的制备方法进行配制。
实施例2、一种水基切削液，由如下质量百分比的原料制成：
防锈剂：十一碳二酸4.5％
缓蚀剂：甲基苯骈三氮唑1％
有机碱：三乙醇胺12％、一乙醇胺2％
润滑剂：新戊二醇二油酸酯18％、四聚蓖麻油酸酯10％
酰胺：妥尔油二乙醇酰胺3.5％
乳化剂：AEO3 2.3％、AEO9 1.1％
油性剂：环氧油酸1％、二聚酸5％
偶联剂：乙二醇3％
软化剂：乙二胺四乙酸四钠1％
杀菌剂：六氢化三嗪2％
消泡剂：丙二醇嵌段聚醚1％
去离子水：余量
实施例3、一种水基切削液，由如下质量百分比的原料制成：
防锈剂：十二碳二酸5.5％
缓蚀剂：苯骈三氮唑0.5％
有机碱：三乙醇胺11％、一乙醇胺3％、二环己胺2.0％
润滑剂：季戊四醇油酸酯19％、四聚蓖麻油酸酯12％
酰胺：二异丙醇酰胺3％
乳化剂：AEO3 1.2％、AEO9 1.6％
油性剂：油酸1％、二聚酸6％
软化剂：乙二胺四乙酸四钠2％
杀菌剂：正丁基苯并异噻唑啉酮2％
消泡剂：有机硅乳液0.2％
去离子水：余量
实施例4、一种水基切削液，由如下质量百分比的原料制成：
防锈剂：癸二酸5.5％
缓蚀剂：苯骈三氮唑钠0.5％
有机碱：三乙醇胺10％、二甘醇胺3.5％、二环己胺1.5％
润滑剂：油酸异辛酯21％、四聚蓖麻油酸酯12％
酰胺：油酸三乙醇胺2.5％
乳化剂：AEO3 2.1％、AEO9 1.5％
油性剂：植物油酸1％、二聚酸5.5％
偶联剂：异丙醇2％
软化剂：乙二胺四乙酸二钠2％
杀菌剂：异噻唑啉酮2％
消泡剂：有机硅乳液0.2％
去离子水：余量
实施例5、一种水基切削液，由如下质量百分比的原料制成：
防锈剂：月桂酸6.5％
缓蚀剂：苯骈三氮唑0.5％
有机碱：三乙醇胺9.5％、三异丙醇胺2％、二环己胺1.5％
润滑剂：油酸异辛酯30％、四聚蓖麻油酸酯10％
酰胺：椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺2.5％
乳化剂：AEO3 1.8％、AEO9 2.7％
油性剂：油酸1％、二聚酸4.5％
偶联剂：甘油1％
软化剂：乙二胺四乙酸四钠2％
杀菌剂：乙二醇二羟甲醚1.5％
消泡剂：有机硅乳液0.2％
去离子水：余量
实施例6、一种水基切削液，由如下质量百分比的原料制成：
防锈剂：三元羧酸3.5％
缓蚀剂：甲基苯骈三氮唑钠1％
有机碱：三乙醇胺12％、一异丙醇胺2％
润滑剂：三羟甲基丙烷油酸酯21％、四聚蓖麻油酸酯7％
酰胺：妥尔油二乙醇酰胺6.5％
乳化剂：AEO9 3％
油性剂：油酸2％、二聚酸3.5％
软化剂：乙二胺四乙酸四钠1％
杀菌剂：苯并异噻唑啉酮3％
消泡剂：有机硅乳液0.1％、格尔伯特醇0.2％
去离子水：余量
实施例7、一种水基切削液，由如下质量百分比的原料制成：
防锈剂：十一碳二酸2％
缓蚀剂：苯骈三氮唑0.2％
有机碱：二异丙醇胺9％、2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇1％
润滑剂：油酸异辛酯35％、四聚蓖麻油酸酯10％
酰胺：椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺7％
乳化剂：司盘80 6％
油性剂：妥尔油2％、二聚酸2％
杀菌剂：六氢化三嗪1％
消泡剂：有机硅乳液0.1％
去离子水：余量
实施例8、一种水基切削液，由如下质量百分比的原料制成：
防锈剂：酒石酸7％
缓蚀剂：甲基苯骈三氮唑1％
有机碱：2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇12％、二甘醇胺2％、
润滑剂：三羟甲基丙烷油酸酯20％
酰胺：油酸二乙醇胺6.5％
乳化剂：AEO3 2％
偶联剂：C15醇醚羧酸5％
油性剂：植物油酸2％、二聚酸3.5％
软化剂：乙二胺四乙酸四钠1％
杀菌剂：苯并异噻唑啉酮3％
消泡剂：有机硅乳液0.2％
去离子水：余量
实施例9、一种水基切削液，由如下质量百分比的原料制成：
防锈剂：柠檬酸5％
缓蚀剂：苯骈三氮唑钠2％
有机碱：羟乙基乙二胺10％、异丙基氨乙醇10％
润滑剂：油酸异辛酯18％、四聚蓖麻油酸酯7％
酰胺：妥尔油二乙醇胺7％
乳化剂：AEO9 3.5％
偶联剂：C8醇醚羧酸5％
油性剂：植物油酸5％、二聚酸4％
软化剂：乙二胺四乙酸二钠3％
杀菌剂：亚甲基双吗啉1.5％
消泡剂：聚醚2％
去离子水：余量
实施例10、一种水基切削液，由如下质量百分比的原料制成：
防锈剂：十一碳二酸7％
缓蚀剂：苯骈三氮唑1％
有机碱：三乙醇胺15％、二甘醇胺5％
润滑剂：聚合三油酸甘油酯7％、季戊四醇油酸酯20％
酰胺：妥尔油二乙醇酰胺2％
乳化剂：AEO9 2％
油性剂：三聚酸2.5％、二十一碳二元酸1.5％
杀菌剂：苯并异噻唑啉酮2％、六氢化三嗪3％
消泡剂：有机硅乳液0.2％、格尔伯特醇0.3％
去离子水：余量
对比实施例1：市售某公司采用硼酸、氯化石蜡、石油磺酸钠等原料配制的用于铸铁、碳钢、不锈钢等黑色金属切削加工的极压半合成切削液。
对比实施例2：市售某公司采用硼酸、氯化石蜡、石油磺酸钠、磷酸酯等原料配制的用于铝及其合金、铜及其合金、铸铁等金属切削加工的通用半合成切削液。
对实施例1-实施例10及对比实施例1-2所得的切削液进行对比实验，试验中的主要指标如下表：
接上表
从上表可以看出：与采用矿物油油、含氯及硼酸的切削液相比，本发明的切削液浓缩液及稀释液均有更好的储存稳定性及硬水稳定性，无论是对铸铁、紫铜还是铝片，本发明的切削液均能产生良好的防锈、防腐效果，稀释液外观透明。

Claims (10)

1.一种水基金属切削液，其特征在于：由以下质量百分含量的原料制成：
2.根据权利要求1所述的水基金属切削液，其特征在于：由以下质量百分含量的原料制成：
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的水基金属切削液，其特征在于，所述的防锈剂为癸二酸、十一碳二酸、十二碳二酸、月桂酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、三元羧酸中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的水基金属切削液，其特征在于，所述的缓蚀剂为苯骈三氮唑、苯骈三氮唑钠、甲基苯骈三氮唑、甲基苯骈三氮唑钠中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的水基金属切削液，其特征在于，所述有机碱为一乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、一异丙醇胺、二异丙醇胺、三异丙醇胺、2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇、二甘醇胺、羟乙基乙二胺、异丙基氨乙醇、二环己胺中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的水基金属切削液，其特征在于，所述的油酸酯类润滑剂为油酸异辛酯、三羟甲基丙烷油酸酯、季戊四醇油酸酯、新戊二醇二油酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷椰子油酸酯、聚合三油酸甘油酯、四聚蓖麻油酸酯中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的水基金属切削液，其特征在于，所述的酰胺为二异丙醇酰胺、妥尔油一乙醇酰胺、妥尔油二乙醇酰胺、油酸三乙醇胺、油酸二乙醇胺或椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的水基金属切削液，其特征在于，所述的乳化剂为C12-C18醇聚氧乙烯醚、司盘80中的至少一种；所述的偶联剂为C8-C15醇醚羧酸、C2-C3醇中的一种。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的水基金属切削液，其特征在于，所述的油性剂为环氧油酸、植物油酸、妥尔油、二聚酸、三聚酸、二十一碳二元酸中的至少一种；所述的软化剂为乙二胺四乙酸二钠、乙二胺四乙酸四钠中的至少一种。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的水基金属切削液，其特征在于，所述的杀菌剂为乙二醇二羟甲醚、六氢化三嗪、吗啉类杀菌剂亚甲基双吗啉、苯并异噻唑啉酮、正丁基苯并异噻唑啉酮、异噻唑啉酮及其烷基衍生物类杀菌剂中的至少一种；所述的消泡剂为有机硅类消泡剂、浊点低于25℃聚醚类消泡剂、C15-C18高碳醇类消泡剂中的至少一种。
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CN114181767A (zh) * 2021-12-24 2022-03-15 苏州山河星程材料科技有限公司 一种铝合金专用半合成切削液及其配制方法
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CN115125054A (zh) * 2022-07-05 2022-09-30 一汽解放汽车有限公司 切削液及其制备方法
CN115125054B (zh) * 2022-07-05 2023-08-18 一汽解放汽车有限公司 切削液及其制备方法
CN115651747A (zh) * 2022-11-01 2023-01-31 富兰克润滑科技（太仓）有限公司 一种黑色金属加工用人体环境友好型切削液及其制备方法

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