CN114181767A - 一种铝合金专用半合成切削液及其配制方法 - Google Patents
一种铝合金专用半合成切削液及其配制方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002173 cutting fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229940051841 polyoxyethylene ether Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920000056 polyoxyethylene ether Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003784 tall oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- SAUIGQBKPDQYHL-QXMHVHEDSA-N 6-methylheptyl (z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCCCC(C)C SAUIGQBKPDQYHL-QXMHVHEDSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XBPCUCUWBYBCDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dicyclohexylamine Chemical compound C1CCCCC1NC1CCCCC1 XBPCUCUWBYBCDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- MIFZZKZNMWTHJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1CN1CCOCC1 MIFZZKZNMWTHJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- -1 poly ricinoleic acid ester Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229960003656 ricinoleic acid Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ricinoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 abstract description 2
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphonic acid group Chemical group P(O)(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
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- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005536 corrosion prevention Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010730 cutting oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
- C10M169/048—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of compounds of unknown or incompletely defined constitution, non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
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- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/087—Boron oxides, acids or salts
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
- C10M2207/127—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids polycarboxylic
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种铝合金专用半合成切削液及其配制方法，由下述组分按重量百分比组成：水35～45%；硼酸0.5～2.5%；癸二酸0.5～1%；月桂二酸0.5～1%；苯骈三氮唑0.5～1%；一乙醇胺1.5～3.5%；三乙醇胺1.5～3.5%；环烷油10～20%；妥尔油脂肪酸2～4%；二聚酸3～5%；四聚蓖麻油酸酯6.5～8.5%；油酸异辛酯4～6%；二环己胺2.5～4.5%；脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚1.5～3.5%；氯化石蜡3～6%；ASI‑80铝缓蚀剂0.5～1%；亚甲基双吗啉1～2%；MS‑575消泡剂0.1～0.3%。本发明通过几种防锈剂协同，使其在铝表面形成致密的保护膜，防止锈蚀的发生。本发明选用ASI‑80铝缓蚀剂，产品中存在的膦酸基团不但易与溶液中铝的氧化物络合组织铝腐蚀的发生，同时磷酸集团相较于硅酸盐稳定性更好，不易析出。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及切削液技术领域，具体涉及一种铝合金专用半合成切削液及其配制方法。
背景技术
铝合金因其质量轻、强度高、耐蚀性好、易于再生，导热与导电性好，且有良好的延展性，易于机械加工，从而被广泛应用于航空、汽车、石油化工、3C等行业。但相较于黑色金属和其它有色金属，铝合金质地软、塑性大，粘性和化学活性强，生产加工中易出现粘刀，在刀具上形成积屑瘤，氧化失色产生黑斑，高速切削时可能与刀刃形成焊接现象，影响加工精度等问题。
目前传统的铝合金切削大多使用切削油和乳化型切削液，但均有缺点，如切削油闪点低、烟雾大、成本高、残油影响下道工序；乳化型切削液易腐蚀发臭、寿命短、废液处理成本高等。
半合成切削液取代切削油和乳化型切削液已成为金属加工行业市场趋势，由于半合成切削液乳化要求高，乳化粒径小，而传统的铝腐蚀抑制剂在配方中容易析出产生沉淀，稳定性差，因而限制了铝合金半合成切削液中有效成分含量，从而导致目前市面上常见的铝合金半合成切削液存在诸多问题，如加工工件表面精度低、铝防腐蚀时间短、生物稳定性不足、抗硬水性差等。鉴于以上缺陷，实有必要设计一种铝合金专用半合成切削液及其配制方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种铝合金专用半合成切削液及其配制方法，以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：一种铝合金专用半合成切削液，由下述组分按重量百分比组成：水35～45%；硼酸0.5～2.5%；癸二酸0.5～1%；月桂二酸0.5～1%；苯骈三氮唑0.5～1%；一乙醇胺1.5～3.5%；三乙醇胺1.5～3.5%；环烷油10～20%；妥尔油脂肪酸2～4%；二聚酸3～5%；四聚蓖麻油酸酯6.5～8.5%；油酸异辛酯4～6%；二环己胺2.5～4.5%；脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚1.5～3.5%；氯化石蜡3～6%；ASI-80铝缓蚀剂0.5～1%；亚甲基双吗啉1～2%；MS-575消泡剂0.1～0.3%。
优选的，所述环烷油40℃运动粘度为28～34mm²/s，所述氯化石蜡氯含量为48～52%。
铝合金专用半合成切削液配制方法，包括步骤：a、如权利要求1所述配方量的硼酸、癸二酸、月桂二酸、苯骈三氮唑、一乙醇胺、三乙醇胺加入配方量的水中，加热至50～70℃，搅拌30～60分钟后停止加热；
b、向由步骤a得到的液体其中继续依次加入配方量的环烷油、妥尔油脂肪酸、二聚酸、四聚蓖麻油酸酯、油酸异辛酯、二环己胺、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、氯化石蜡、ASI-80铝缓蚀剂，搅拌至完全溶解。
c、将步骤c所得到的液体待温度降至40℃及以下时，加入配方量的亚甲基双吗啉和MS-575消泡剂，再搅拌均匀。
优选的，完成步骤b后，可保持50～70℃加热再次进行搅拌，可更快速达到完全溶解，效果更佳。
与现有技术相比，本发明一种铝合金专用半合成切削液及其配制方法，具有以下优点：
切削液在实际使用过程中一般需要用90%以上的水进行稀释，为保护机床、刀具和工件不受切削液的侵蚀，需要在切削液中加入合适防锈剂，单一防锈剂很难达到理想的防锈腐蚀效果，本发明通过几种防锈剂协同，使其在铝表面形成致密的保护膜，防止锈蚀的发生。
铝合金有较强化学活性，在加工过程会与环境中水、空气、切削液分解氧化产生的腐蚀性产物等接触，发生电化学反应，致使材 料表面受到腐蚀产生黑斑等问题。硅酸盐是常见的率腐蚀抑制剂，但其在配方中容易析出产生沉淀，本发明选用ASI-80铝缓蚀剂，产品中存在的膦酸基团不但易与溶液中铝的氧化物络合组织铝腐蚀的发生，同时磷酸集团相较于硅酸盐稳定性更好，不易析出。
油相载体选用环烷基油，与石蜡基油相比，环烷基油环烷烃含量高，正构烷烃含量少且芳烃含量低，与水的密度接近，对添加剂的溶解能力强，容易乳化并且有较好的乳化稳定性。辅以氯化石蜡、二聚酸使配方达到适宜的有效成分和润滑性。
主乳化剂选用四聚蓖麻油酸酯，协同妥尔油脂肪酸和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚，使配方乳化微粒粒径更小，从而实现稀释液稳定性优于一般半合成切削液。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明提供一种技术方案：一种铝合金专用半合成切削液及其配制方法，水35～45%；硼酸0.5～2.5%；癸二酸0.5～1%；月桂二酸0.5～1%；苯骈三氮唑0.5～1%；一乙醇胺1.5～3.5%；三乙醇胺1.5～3.5%；环烷油10～20%；妥尔油脂肪酸2～4%；二聚酸3～5%；四聚蓖麻油酸酯6.5～8.5%；油酸异辛酯4～6%；二环己胺2.5～4.5%；脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚1.5～3.5%；氯化石蜡3～6%；ASI-80铝缓蚀剂0.5～1%；亚甲基双吗啉1～2%；MS-575消泡剂0.1～0.3%。环烷油40℃运动粘度为28～34mm²/s，氯化石蜡氯含量为48～52%。
铝合金专用半合成切削液加工方法包括步骤：a、如权利要求1所述配方量的硼酸、癸二酸、月桂二酸、苯骈三氮唑、一乙醇胺、三乙醇胺加入配方量的水中，加热至50～70℃，搅拌30～60分钟后停止加热；
b、向由步骤a得到的液体其中继续依次加入配方量的环烷油、妥尔油脂肪酸、二聚酸、四聚蓖麻油酸酯、油酸异辛酯、二环己胺、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、氯化石蜡、ASI-80铝缓蚀剂，搅拌至完全溶解，也可以完成步骤b后，可保持50～70℃加热再次进行搅拌，可更快速达到完全溶解，效果更佳，但进行步骤c时必须降温至40℃及以下。
c、将步骤c所得到的液体待温度降至40℃及以下时，加入配方量的亚甲基双吗啉和MS-575消泡剂，再搅拌均匀。
硼酸与一乙醇胺、三乙醇胺在适当的温度下具有很好的协同作用，复配癸二酸、月桂二酸、苯骈三氮唑，使其形成防锈、防腐蚀效果优异的稳定水相；以环烷油为载体，复配二聚酸、四聚蓖麻油酸酯、油酸异辛酯、二环己胺、氯化石蜡、ASI-80铝缓蚀剂形成防锈、防腐蚀和润滑性极佳的油相；水相与油相在妥尔油脂肪酸、四聚蓖麻油酸酯、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚共同乳化作用下形成黄色清透、均一稳定的液体，补加亚甲基双吗啉杀菌剂、MS-575消泡剂，最终形成防锈、防腐蚀、润滑、消泡和使用寿命俱佳的铝合金专用半合成切削液。
下表为通过本发明制备方法所得到的铝合金专用半合成切削液的性状以及腐蚀和防锈实验的实验结果：
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (5)
1.一种铝合金专用半合成切削液，其特征在于，由下述组分按重量百分比组成：
水35～45%；
硼酸0.5～2.5%；
癸二酸0.5～1%；
月桂二酸0.5～1%；
苯骈三氮唑0.5～1%；
一乙醇胺1.5～3.5%；
三乙醇胺1.5～3.5%；
环烷油10～20%；
妥尔油脂肪酸2～4%；
二聚酸3～5%；
四聚蓖麻油酸酯6.5～8.5%；
油酸异辛酯4～6%；
二环己胺2.5～4.5%；
脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚1.5～3.5%；
氯化石蜡3～6%；
ASI-80铝缓蚀剂0.5～1%；
亚甲基双吗啉1～2%；
MS-575消泡剂0.1～0.3%。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种铝合金专用半合成切削液及其配制方法，其特征在于：所述环烷油40℃运动粘度为28～34mm²/s。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种铝合金专用半合成切削液及其配制方法，其特征在于：所述氯化石蜡氯含量为48～52%。
4.一种铝合金专用半合成切削液配制方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
a、如权利要求1所述配方量的硼酸、癸二酸、月桂二酸、苯骈三氮唑、一乙醇胺、三乙醇胺加入配方量的水中，加热至50～70℃，搅拌30～60分钟后停止加热；
b、向由步骤a得到的液体其中继续依次加入配方量的环烷油、妥尔油脂肪酸、二聚酸、四聚蓖麻油酸酯、油酸异辛酯、二环己胺、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、氯化石蜡、ASI-80铝缓蚀剂，搅拌至完全溶解；
c、将步骤c所得到的液体待温度降至40℃及以下时，加入配方量的亚甲基双吗啉和MS-575消泡剂，再搅拌均匀。
5.根据权利要求4所述一种铝合金专用半合成切削液配制方法，其特征在于：完成步骤b后，可保持50～70℃加热再次进行搅拌。
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