CN106474268A - 一种增强家畜免疫力、减少应激反应的中药复方制剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种增强家畜免疫力、减少应激反应的中药复方制剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106474268A CN106474268A CN201610916522.5A CN201610916522A CN106474268A CN 106474268 A CN106474268 A CN 106474268A CN 201610916522 A CN201610916522 A CN 201610916522A CN 106474268 A CN106474268 A CN 106474268A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种能够增强家畜免疫力、减少应激反应的中药复方制剂，其包括：苍术、白术、陈皮、枸杞、黄芪、茯苓、山楂、维生素E，本发明还公开了上述中药复方制剂的制备方法。采用此种中药复方制剂在规模化养殖家畜的过程中能够提高家畜免疫力、减少应激反应，能改善动物气虚衰弱、运化无力的状态。该中药复方制剂具有增强机体免疫功能、燥湿健脾、健脾益气、滋补肝肾、缓解应激的功能，可广泛应用于增强家畜免疫力、减少应激反应实践中。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于兽用中药技术领域，具体涉及一种增强家畜免疫力、减少应激反应的中药复方制剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
免疫力是指机体抵抗外来侵袭，维护体内环境稳定性的能力。在规模化养殖过程中，家畜免疫力低下容易引发动物产生应激反应，并感染各类疫病，带来严重的经济损失。增强动物机体的免疫功能，从而抵御“外邪”侵袭，可对防治动物疫病具有重要指导意义。免疫力低下常见于体虚弱畜，由于肝失疏泄，脾失健运，两脏关系失调，功能紊乱所致。动物气虚衰弱、运化无力，肝失条达，损伤脾气。在预防上应以健脾益气、滋补肝肾为原则。
申请号为201210405472.6的发明申请公开了一种增强家禽免疫力的中药饲料添加剂，具体配方为茶叶14-25、松针14-19、山楂7-12、山药7-20、首乌藤7-15、辣蓼9-19、黄芪7-12、金银花7-15、酵母粉0.5-1.5，并公开了上述饲料添加配置的饲料来喂养动物，能够完全排除激素类药物对动物的损害，保证畜禽肉质，能够促进畜禽的健康成长，增强家禽和家畜的抵抗力。但上述配方并非针对免疫力低下的动物开发，并不能有效减少动物的应激反应。
本发明的申请人针对免疫力低下动物开发的中药复方按照中医理论指导，根据脾胃虚弱、消化不良、泄泻、生产性能下降等临床证候，从“燥湿健脾，疏肝理气、滋补肝肾、调理胃肠、增进食欲、缓解应激”等方面入手，研制开发用于增强家畜机体免疫力，减少应激反应的中兽药添加剂。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足，提供一种在规模化养殖家畜的过程中能够改善动物气虚衰弱、运化无力的状态并具有增强机体免疫功能、燥湿健脾、健脾益气、滋补肝肾、缓解应激的功能的增强家畜免疫力、减少应激反应的中药复方制剂。
本发明为实现上述目的采用的技术方案是：一种增强家畜免疫力、减少应激反应的中药复方制剂，由以下成分组成：苍术、白术、陈皮、枸杞、黄芪、茯苓、山楂、维生素E；
进一步地，由以下成分组成：苍术2-6重量份、白术2-6重量份、陈皮1-4重量份、枸杞1-3重量份、黄芪1-3重量份、茯苓1-3重量份、山楂1-3重量份、维生素E1-3重量份；
进一步地，，由以下成分组成：苍术3-4重量份、白术3-4重量份、陈皮2-3重量份、枸杞2-3重量份、黄芪2-3重量份、茯苓1-2重量份、山楂1-2重量份、维生素E2-3重量份；
进一步地，苍术4重量份、白术4重量份、陈皮3重量份、枸杞2重量份、黄芪3重量份、茯苓1重量份、山楂2重量份、维生素E2重量份；
进一步地，所述中药复方制剂为中药散剂、胶囊剂、口服液剂型、颗粒剂剂型或注射液剂型。
本发明还公开了上述增强家畜免疫力、减少应激反应的中药复方制剂的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
第一步，取苍术、白术、黄芪、陈皮、山楂加重量为6-10倍量水浸泡0.5-3小时，提取挥发油6-10小时，收集挥发油，挥发油与β－环糊精按重量比1:10包合，35-50℃干燥，提取后的药液，另器贮存；
第二步，将第一步得到的药渣与枸杞子、茯苓加混合物重量的8-15倍量水煎煮3-5次，每次2小时，合并煎煮液，过滤，与第一步得到的药液合并，静置过夜、滤取上清液，减压浓缩至相对密度1.21～1.27(50℃)、干燥成干膏；
第三步，干膏与挥发油β-环糊精包合物粉碎成细粉，过100目筛，加入维生素E及糊精，混匀，制备口服液剂型、胶囊剂型、颗粒剂剂型或注射液剂型；
进一步地，第一步中苍术、白术、黄芪、陈皮、山楂加8倍量水浸泡0.5小时；
进一步地，第一步中干燥温度为40℃；
进一步地，第二步中加水量为10倍量水；
进一步地，第二步中煎煮次数为3次。
苍术：味辛、苦，性温。归脾、胃、肝经。燥湿健脾，祛风散寒，明目。用于湿阻中焦，脘腹胀满，泄泻，水肿，脚气痿蹙，风湿痹痛，风寒感冒，眼目昏涩。根茎含挥发油约5～9％，主要成分为苍术醇、茅术醇、β-桉叶醇等。苍术可抑制多种肠道病原微生物生长，对大肠杆菌、肠炎沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌等病原菌具有显著地抑制和灭活作用。
白术：味甘性温而兼苦燥之性，甘温补气，苦燥健脾，归脾、胃经，白术含挥发油1.4％，主要成分为苍术醇、苍术酮等，并含桉树萜、氧香豆素类、糖类及树脂等。
陈皮：含挥发油1.9％～3.5％.主要为柠檬烯。具有理气健脾、燥湿化痰、平喘的作用，此外，陈皮有抗病原微生物作用，可抑制葡萄球菌的生长，并且可以抗炎、抗过敏，能降低毛细血管通透性，防止微血管出血；可以拮抗组胺、溶血卵磷脂引起的血管通透性增加。
黄芪：味甘，微温，归肺、脾、肝、肾经。有增强机体免疫功能、保肝、利尿、抗应激、降压和较广泛的抗菌作用。
茯苓：味甘、淡，性平。归心、肺、脾、肾经。利水渗湿，健脾，宁心。用于水肿尿少，痰饮眩悸，脾虚食少，便溏泄泻，心神不安，惊悸失眠。
山楂：核果类水果，核质硬，果肉薄，味微酸涩。干制后可入药，含表儿茶精[(-)-epicatechin]、槲皮素(quercetin)、金丝桃甙(hyperin)、绿原酸(chlorogenicacid)、山楂酸(crataegolicacid)、柠檬酸(citricacid)、苦杏仁甙(amygdalin)等。具有降血脂、血压、强心、抗心律不齐等作用，同时也是健脾开胃、消食化滞、活血化痰的良药。
枸杞子：甘，平，归肝、肾经。滋补肝肾，益精明目。用于肝肾阴虚证本品甘平质润，平补肝肾，有滋补强壮作用，凡肝肾阴虚诸证均可应用。枸杞子富含枸杞多糖，枸杞多糖是一种水溶性多糖，具有生理活性，能够增强非特异性免疫功能，提高抗病能力。能明显提高吞噬细胞的吞噬功能，提高淋巴细胞的增殖能力。
维生素E：是一种天然的饲料抗氧化剂，在增强畜禽免疫力、抗氧化能力及预防不孕症、提高畜禽生产性能和改善畜禽肉质等方面具有重要作用，可以防止细胞内和细胞膜和脂肪酸等易氧化物的被氧化和被破坏，从而保护了细胞膜的完整。维生素E还具有抗应激、抗病毒、抗感染等作用。
综上所述，由于采用了上述技术方案，本发明的有益效果是：
采用此种中药复方制剂在规模化养殖家畜的过程中能够提高家畜免疫力、减少应激反应，能改善动物气虚衰弱、运化无力的状态。该中药复方制剂具有增强机体免疫功能、燥湿健脾、健脾益气、滋补肝肾、缓解应激的功能，可广泛应用于增强家畜免疫力、减少应激反应的实践中。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种增强家畜免疫力、减少应激反应的中药复方胶囊剂，包括：苍术4重量份、白术4重量份、陈皮3重量份、枸杞2重量份、黄芪3重量份、茯苓1重量份、山楂2重量份、维生素E2重量份。
其具体制备方法如下：
第一步，取苍术、白术、黄芪、陈皮、山楂加重量为8倍量水浸泡0.5小时，提取挥发油8小时，收集挥发油，挥发油与β－环糊精按重量比1:10包合，40℃干燥，提取后的药液，另器贮存；
第二步，将第一步得到的药渣与枸杞子、茯苓加混合物重量的10倍量水煎煮3次，每次2小时，合并煎煮液，过滤，与第一步得到的药液合并，静置过夜、滤取上清液，减压浓缩至相对密度1.21～1.27(50℃)、干燥成干膏；
第三步，干膏与挥发油β-环糊精包合物粉碎成细粉，过100目筛，加入维生素E及糊精，混匀，随后进行制粒处理并干燥，得到混合物颗粒，再向混合物颗粒中加入硬脂酸镁，所述硬脂酸镁和所述混合物颗粒质量之比为0.25:0.5，获得胶囊内容物，将所述的胶囊内容物装入胶囊壳体中即得胶囊剂。
实施例2
一种增强家畜免疫力、减少应激反应的中药复方注射剂，包括：苍术4重量份、白术4重量份、陈皮3重量份、枸杞2重量份、黄芪3重量份、茯苓1重量份、山楂2重量份、维生素E2重量份。
其具体制备方法如下：
第一步，取苍术、白术、黄芪、陈皮、山楂加重量为8倍量水浸泡0.5小时，提取挥发油8小时，收集挥发油，挥发油与β－环糊精按重量比1:10包合，40℃干燥，提取后的药液，另器贮存；
第二步，将第一步得到的药渣与枸杞子、茯苓加混合物重量的10倍量水煎煮3次，每次2小时，合并煎煮液，过滤，与第一步得到的药液合并，静置过夜、滤取上清液，减压浓缩至相对密度1.21～1.27(50℃)、干燥成干膏；
第三步，干膏与挥发油β-环糊精包合物粉碎成细粉，过100目筛，加入维生素E及糊精，混匀，将获得的粉末加相对于其质量2倍的氯化钠及注射用水适量，溶解后再进一步加注射用水至需要的体积，过滤，灌封，灭菌，获得需要的注射液。
实施例3
1、长期毒性试验过程：
应用Wistar大鼠(北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司提供)将实验药物设定为高、中、低三个剂量，分别为实施例1配方的胶囊剂8g/kg、4g/kg、2g/kg。另设一对照组，连续灌胃给药90天、180天和部分动物停药10天后，观察对大鼠各项生理、生化指标的影响。实验结果表明：用不同剂量给大鼠连续口服180天，对大鼠的进食量和体重增长均无影响。对肝肾功能均未发现明显毒性作用。对血常规、血生化、尿液生化及骨髓片等均未见明显影响，各组间与对照组比较无明显差异。
2、急性毒性试验过程：
应用ICR小鼠(北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司提供)40只，体重在25-30克，进行急性毒性实验。小鼠随机分为两组，即对照组、给药组，实验前禁食12小时，然后给予如实施例1制备得到的本发明的中药胶囊剂混悬液(将胶囊剂溶解在水中获得混悬液)灌胃，对给药的半数致死量(LD50)进行了试验测定，但未测到LD50，因此进行了最大耐受量试验。结果：以最大浓度(60％)，最大给药量(120ml/kg，一日内份四次给完)100g/kg灌胃，相当于生药量60g/kg，七日内小鼠无一死亡，处死小鼠解剖观察各脏器未发现毒性反应，给药组与对照组小鼠无任何差异。
3、猪药效学试验
试验采用2月龄、体重7.15±0.5kg的中国实验用小型猪(CEMP，农大I系)实验猪30头，按窝别、体重相近原则分成3组，分别为空白对照组、药物对照组和中药复合制剂组，每组10头猪。药物对照采用公开号为CN101940613A的发明专利实施例2的技术方案制备得到的党参黄芪口服液。空白对照组、药物对照组、中药复合制剂组采用相同的饮水、饲料及饲喂方式，其中药物对照组每猪每顿服用党参黄芪口服液5ml，中药复合制剂组每猪每顿服用胶囊剂1粒，受试时间为60天。试验结果如下表：
表1 药效学试验结果
注：同一列中相同字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)；不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。
各处理组猪的日增重变化主要表现在免疫力低下猪日增重比对照组降低36.52％(P<0.05)；中药复方组比药物对照组高51.40％(P<0.05)，与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)。药物对照组猪的日采食量比对照组降低19.70％(P<0.05)，中药复方组比药物对照组升高26.03％(P<0.05)。在各个阶段，各处理组猪的饲料转化率均无显著差异(P>0.05)。
上述实施例只是为了说明本发明的技术构思及特点，其目的是在于让本领域内的普通技术人员能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施，并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡是根据本发明内容的实质所作出的等效的变化或修饰，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种增强家畜免疫力、减少应激反应的中药复方制剂，其特征在于，所述中药复方制剂包括以下成分：苍术、白术、陈皮、枸杞、黄芪、茯苓、山楂、维生素E。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种增强家畜免疫力、减少应激反应的中药复方制剂，其特征在于，所述中药复方制剂包括以下重量份的成分：苍术2-6重量份、白术2-6重量份、陈皮1-4重量份、枸杞1-3重量份、黄芪1-3重量份、茯苓1-3重量份、山楂1-3重量份、维生素E1-3重量份。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种增强家畜免疫力、减少应激反应的中药复方制剂，其特征在于，所述中药复方制剂包括以下重量份的成分：苍术3-4重量份、白术3-4重量份、陈皮2-3重量份、枸杞2-3重量份、黄芪2-3重量份、茯苓1-2重量份、山楂1-2重量份、维生素E2-3重量份。
4.如权利要求3所述的一种增强家畜免疫力、减少应激反应的中药复方制剂，其特征在于，所述中药复方制剂包括以下重量份的成分：苍术4重量份、白术4重量份、陈皮3重量份、枸杞2重量份、黄芪3重量份、茯苓1重量份、山楂2重量份、维生素E2重量份。
5.如权利要求4所述的一种增强家畜免疫力、减少应激反应的中药复方制剂，其特征在于，所述中药复方制剂为中药散剂、胶囊剂、口服液剂型、颗粒剂剂型或注射液剂型。
6.一种如权利要求1所述的增强家畜免疫力、减少应激反应的中药复方制剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备方法具体步骤如下：
第一步，取苍术、白术、黄芪、陈皮、山楂加重量为6-10倍量水浸泡0.5-3小时，提取挥发油6-10小时，收集挥发油，挥发油与β－环糊精按重量比1:10包合，35-50℃干燥，提取后的药液贮存；
第二步，将第一步得到的药渣与枸杞子、茯苓加混合物重量的8-15倍量水煎煮3-5次，每次2小时，合并煎煮液，过滤，与第一步得到的药液合并，静置过夜、滤取上清液，减压浓缩至相对密度1.21～1.27(50℃)、干燥成干膏；
第三步，干膏与挥发油β-环糊精包合物粉碎成细粉，过100目筛，加入维生素E及糊精，混匀，然后制备口服液剂型、胶囊剂型、颗粒剂剂型或注射液剂型。
7.如权利要求6所述的一种增强家畜免疫力、减少应激反应的中药复方制剂的制备方法，其特征在于，第一步中苍术、白术、黄芪、陈皮、山楂加8倍量水浸泡0.5小时。
8.如权利要求6所述的一种增强家畜免疫力、减少应激反应的中药复方制剂的制备方法，其特征在于，第一步中干燥温度为40℃。
9.如权利要求6所述的一种增强家畜免疫力、减少应激反应的中药复方制剂的制备方法，其特征在于，第二步中加水量为10倍量水。
10.如权利要求6所述的一种增强家畜免疫力、减少应激反应的中药复方制剂的制备方法，其特征在于，第二步中煎煮次数为3次。
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