CN106462515B - 用于附件设备的可逆连接器 - Google Patents

用于附件设备的可逆连接器 Download PDF

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CN106462515B
CN106462515B CN201580031657.7A CN201580031657A CN106462515B CN 106462515 B CN106462515 B CN 106462515B CN 201580031657 A CN201580031657 A CN 201580031657A CN 106462515 B CN106462515 B CN 106462515B
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H·黄
Y·何
D·M·伊万斯
G·R·欧比
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Abstract

描述了用于附件设备的可逆连接器。在一个或多个实现中，主机计算设备的附件的连接器电缆被配置成使得连接器电缆的一头可以以任一朝向(正向或逆向)被插入到主机的对应的端口中。主机计算设备被配置成对与连接器的所分配的引脚相关联的信号进行采样，以检测连接器与附件端口的连接并确定连接器的朝向。通过这些所分配的引脚在连接器插入时所传递的信号的高和低值的组合可以被主机的控制器用于在不同类型的设备之间进行区分并分辨连接器电缆的朝向。随后，主机计算设备的切换机制可以被配置成相应地自动地路由信号。

Description

用于附件设备的可逆连接器
技术领域
本申请涉及附件设备的连接，具体而言，涉及用于附件设备的可逆连接器。
背景技术
现今，诸如膝上和平板计算机之类的移动计算设备可以被配置成支持各种类型的附件设备并借助于通用串行总线(USB)或其它通信技术连接到所述各种类型的附件设备。然而，用于附件的传统的连接器、端口和连接器电缆是针对在单一朝向中的连接而设计的。因此，用户可能经常尝试以错误的方式进行连接，这不仅使得用户沮丧，还可能导致连接器、端口和连接器线缆的磨损和/或损坏。
发明内容
本申请描述了一种用于附件设备的可逆连接器技术。在一个或多个实现中，主机计算设备的附件的连接器电缆被配置成使得连接器电缆的一头可以以任一朝向(正向或逆向)被插入到主机的对应的端口中。主机计算设备被配置成对与连接器的所分配的引脚相关联的信号进行采样，以检测连接器与附件端口的连接并确定连接器的朝向。随后，主机计算设备的切换机制可以被配置成根据朝向自动地路由信号。在一种方案中，连接器的“检测”引脚对被专门用于热插拔检测。通过这两个检测引脚在连接器插入时所传递的高和低的逻辑状态的组合可以被主机的控制器用于在不同类型的设备(例如两根线和一根线的设备)之间进行区分并分辨连接器电缆的朝向。与所述两个检测引脚相关联的线可以被一起(例如并行或顺序地)采样，而这两根线所获得的值可以被组合在一起以导出指示设备类型和/或连接器朝向的经组合的逻辑状态。随后，控制器可操作以根据设备类型和朝向来设定信号路由。为此，控制器可以被配置成引导主机和/或所连接的附件的开关和复用器的位置以适当地实现正向或逆向信号路径。
附图简述
参考附图来描述具体实施方式。在附图中，附图标记最左边的数字标识该附图标记首次出现的附图。在说明书和附图的不同实例中使用相同的附图标记可指示相似或相同的项目。附图中所表示的各实体可指示一个或多个实体并且因而在讨论中可互换地作出对各实体的单数或复数形式的引用。
图1是可用于采用本文描述的技术的示例实现中的环境的图示。
图2更详细地描绘了图1的示例计算设备和附件设备。
图3描绘了根据一个或多个实现的用于将附件可逆连接到附件端口的示例场景。
图4描绘了根据一个或多个实现的连接器的引脚的布置的示例表示。
图5描绘了根据一个或多个实现的示例过程。
图6描绘了根据一个或多个实现的另一示例过程。
图7示出了包括可被实现为任何类型的计算设备以实现本文描述的技术的各实施例的示例设备的各个组件的示例系统。
详细描述
概览
现今，诸如膝上和平板计算机之类的移动计算设备可以被配置成支持各种类型的附件设备并借助于通用串行总线(USB)或其它通信技术连接到所述各种类型的附件设备。然而，用于附件的传统的连接器、端口和连接器电缆是针对在单一朝向中的连接而设计的。因此，用户可能经常尝试以错误的方式进行连接，这不仅使得用户沮丧，还可能导致连接器、端口和连接器线缆的磨损和/或损坏。
描述了用于附件设备的可逆连接器技术。在一个或多个实现中，主机计算设备的附件的连接器电缆被配置成使得连接器电缆的一头可以以任一朝向(正向或逆向)被插入到主机的对应的端口中。主机计算设备被配置成对与连接器的所分配的引脚相关联的信号进行采样，以检测连接器与附件端口的连接并确定连接器的朝向。随后，主机计算设备的切换机制可以被配置成根据朝向自动地路由信号。在一种方案中，连接器的“检测”引脚对被专门用于热插拔检测。通过这两个检测引脚在连接器插入时所传递的高和低的逻辑状态的组合可以被主机的控制器用于在不同类型的设备(例如两根线和一根线的设备)之间进行区分并分辨连接器电缆的朝向。与所述两个检测引脚相关联的线可以被一起(例如并行或顺序地)采样，而这两根线所获得的值可以被组合在一起以导出指示设备类型和/或连接器朝向的经组合的逻辑状态。随后，控制器可操作以根据设备类型和朝向来设定信号路由。为此，控制器可以被配置成引导主机和/或所连接的附件的开关和复用器的位置以适当地实现正向或逆向信号路径。
在以下讨论中，首先描述可采用本文描述的技术的示例环境和设备。然后描述可在示例环境中由这些设备执行以及在其他环境中由其他设备执行的示例细节和过程。因此，各示例细节和过程的实现不限于该示例环境/设备，并且该示例环境/设备不限于各示例细节和过程。
示例操作环境
图1是可用于采用本文描述的技术的示例实现中的环境100的图示。所示环境100包括经由接口106物理地且通信地耦合到附件设备104的主机计算设备102的示例。主机计算设备102可以按各种方式来配置。例如，计算设备102可被配置用于移动使用，诸如移动电话、所示平板计算机等。由此，主机计算设备102的范围可以从具有大量存储器和处理器资源的全资源设备到具有有限存储器和/或处理资源的低资源设备。主机计算设备102还可与致使主机计算设备102执行一个或多个操作的软件相关。
例如，主机计算设备102被示为包括输入/输出模块108。输入/输出模块108表示与处理主机计算设备102的输入以及呈现主机计算设备102的输出相关的功能。输入/输出模块108可处理各种不同的输入，诸如涉及与输入设备的键相对应的功能的输入、涉及与显示设备110所显示的虚拟键盘的键相对应的、标识姿势并导致与通过附件设备104和/或显示设备110的触摸屏功能可识别的姿势相对应的操作被执行的功能的输入等等。因此，输入/输出模块108可通过识别并利用包括键压、手势等在内的各种类型的输入之间的区分来支持各种不同的输入技术。
也构想了附件设备104的各种配置，诸如键盘、游戏控制器、模仿乐器的配置、功率适配器、扩展坞、USB中枢、外部电池、这些配置的组合等等。由此，附件设备104可采用各种不同的配置来支持各种不同的功能。不同的附件设备可以在不同的时间可移除地连接到计算设备。
如先前所描述的，附件设备104在本示例中通过使用接口106物理地且通信地耦合到主机计算设备102。还构想了各种类型的接口106和连接器，诸如个体地或组合地使用柔性铰链、磁性耦合设备、集成通信端口和通信触点、机械耦合凸出、卡槽、和/或凹口来形成不同类型的接口106。在一个示例中，接口106可表示被配置为允许通过对应的连接器和/或连接器线缆到附件设备的连接的附件端口(例如通信端口)。根据如上和如下所述的技术，附件端口和对应的连接器被设计成允许连接器与端口的可逆连接。在至少一些实现中，接口106被配置成实现如本文中描述的用于对附件设备104的认证和控制的通信。例如，计算设备102可响应于检测到附件设备104的出现/附连来接收凭证(例如，指示附件身份的数据)、信号以及关于附件设备的能力的其它数据。该接口还可提供用于功率交换和消息传递的功率耦合以实现和更新如上和如下所述的功率管理和控制功能。
如在图1中被进一步示出的，计算设备102可包括被配置成实现本文中描述的功率管理合同的各方面的功率控制器112。具体地，功率控制器112表示用于执行功率管理的各种操作的功能，这些操作包括基于附件身份处理功率管理的设置，促进主机与附件之间的控制消息的交换、不同的电源的管理以及各源之间的切换，实现所定义的和/或所选择的功率管理方案，管理电池寿命等等。功率控制器112可进一步促进与配置成经由适当的外部功率源116(诸如墙插座、外部电池、电源单元或其它功率源)向设备供应功率的功率适配器114(本文中也称为电源单元(PSU))的连接和通信。功率控制器112也可用于在适当的情况下向附件设备提供功率。换言之，功率控制器112可联合地管理用于主机计算设备和授权的附件设备的功率操作，包括主机计算设备和附件设备之间的功率交换。
功率控制器112可以硬件、软件、固件或其任何组合来实现。作为示例而非限制，计算设备102可包括被配置成实现本文中所描述的与功率控制器112有关的各种功能性的微控制器或其它适合的硬件逻辑设备可。功率控制器112可因此表示与合适的硬件逻辑设备相关联的固件或逻辑。附加地或替换地，功率控制器112可通过设备的处理系统和可经由处理系统执行/操作的一个或多个程序模块的方式来实现。
功率适配器114可被配置成在多个模式中选择性地操作并向计算设备提供多个功率水平。在特定时间提供的功率水平可基于被功率控制器112配置且发送到功率适配器114以致使功率适配器114提供对应的功率水平的输入、通知或其它合适的反馈。取决于功率交换状态，当被连接到计算设备时，功率适配器114可对主机和附件中的一者或两者相关联的电池进行充电，提供功率来支持主机和附件中的一者或两者的操作，以及以其它方式提供来自外部功率源116的功率以供以各种组合对主机和附件进行联合充电和操作。经由功率控制器112实现的功率方案可被配置成依据附件身份、功率交换条件、功率源可用性等来控制系统组件(例如，主机、附件和适配器)之间的功率流。关于功率控制器112和功率适配器114的用于实现用于附件设备的功率管理合同的操作的进一步细节可在以下讨论中找到。
图2大致地在200处更加详细地描述了示例主机计算设备102和附件设备104。在图2中，主机计算设备102被描绘为具有功率控制器112，该功率控制器112被示出为由一个或多个微控制器202(也称为微处理单元(μP))提供。计算设备104还包括相关联的电源204，诸如一个或多个内部电池。附件设备104还可包括一个或多个微控制器206和相应的功率源208。功率源208可被配置成在附件设备104内部的一个或多个电池(例如，附件电池)并可因此被认为是相对于主机计算设备102的外部电池。
示例微控制器(μPs)表示被设计成执行预定义的指定任务集的硬件设备/系统。微控制器可表示具有自包含资源的片上系统/电路，自包含资源为诸如处理组件、I/O设备/外围设备、各种类型的存储器(ROM、RAM、闪存、EEPROM)、可编程逻辑等。不同的微控制器可被配置成实现至少部分地以硬件来实现并执行相应任务的嵌入式应用/功能。具体而言，示例微控制器202、206启用在通用处理系统的操作之外的用于设备认证和功率管理的任务以及计算设备或附件设备的其它应用/组件的执行。一般来说，微控制器的功率消耗与操作设备的通用处理系统相比较低。
因此，经由微控制器实现的组件可独立于操作主机计算系统的“主”处理系统和/或无需启动/执行操作系统或使用其它设备组件和应用来使用相对低的功率来操作。换言之，微控制器可用于以低功率模式来执行一些功率管理任务而无需非得操作或供应功率给处理系统和其它设备组件(例如，设备存储器、网络接口、显示设备等)和/或无需完整地启动或唤醒计算设备。
主机计算设备202可以经由附件端口210连接到不同附件设备。附件端口210表示用于实现主机计算设备与各种附件之间的物理和通信耦合的功能。例如，对应于附件端口210的连接器211可被用于将附件连接到主机计算设备并且实现控制信号、数据和功率的交换。在所描绘的示例中，连接器211被解说为连接器线缆，该连接器线缆可以可移除地被插入与附件接口210相关联的对应端口内，但还构想了其他类型的连接，诸如关于图1讨论的可弯曲铰链，关于以下附图讨论的到扩展坞的连接，和/或另一合适的接口和连接器组合。根据在此所述的技术，连接器211和对应的端口可被配置用于支持连接器/端口组合的可逆连接/插入。
如图2中表示的，功率交换可根据以上和以下描述的各技术在主机的电源204和附件的电源208之间发生。在一些实现中，功率交换也可经由如图1中表示的功率适配器114与被配置为外部电池的外部功率源116发生。换言之，可以在对应于主机的电池/功率供应、经由附件接口连接的附件、以及外部功率源之间发生三向功率交换。一般地，主机与一个或多个连接的设备(适配器/附件/外围设备)之间的功率交换可从该主机到设备中的一个或多个来回地(例如，双向地)发生、从设备中的一个或多个到该主机来发生和/或通过该主机直接地在连接的设备之间(例如，设备到设备)发生。
因而，在一些场景中，功率交换可以经由附件端口210来发生。提供到主机计算设备的功率可被用于操作主机(例如，服务于系统负载)和/或维持电源204(例如，内部电池)的充电水平。附加地，提供到主机的功率可被直接地或间接地提供到附件设备104来支持操作和/或对功率源208(例如，外部电池)充电。此外，功率可以从主机计算设备102和/或附件设备104分发到可直接连接到主机计算设备和/或通过附件设备104连接到系统的一个或多个外围设备212，如图2中表示的。例如，在一个或多个实现中，附件设备可以被配置成提供外围设备中枢的功能，诸如提供多个通用串行总线(USB)端口和/或各种外围设备212可以连接到的其他类型的连接端口的中枢。外围设备212可包括各种设备，诸如外围显示设备、打印机、扫描仪、音频设备、相机、存储设备、或网络适配器，仅举若干示例。
应当注意，主机计算设备102和附件设备104两者可被配置成诸如通过使用连接到墙插座或另一源的相应的功率适配器114来采用外部功率源116。经由相应的功率适配器114直接提供到附件设备104的功率可以按相当于直接提供到主机计算设备102的功率的方法来在主机和附件之间使用、共享和/或交换。
主机计算设备可被进一步配置成以各种方式来实现功率方案214和安全模块216。在示出的示例中，功率方案214被描绘为经由功率控制器112来实现。在这个示例中，功率方案214被配置成与主机计算设备102相关联的固件。例如，功率方案214可表示与微控制器202、功率控制器112或其它合适的硬件逻辑设备相关联的固件。替换地，功率方案214可使用硬件、软件、固件和/或逻辑设备的任意合适的组合来被实现为独立的模块。
功率方案214表示用于实现如上和如下所述的功率管理合同技术的功能以及其他功率管理功能。具体而言，功率方案214可被配置成联合地管理功率适配器114、主机计算设备102和附件设备104之间的功率流。作为示例并非限制，这可包括控制功率流来选择性地对与组件相关联的电池进行充电；在电池、处理系统和组件之间交换功率；提供功率来对主机和附件的系统负载进行服务；等等。为此，功率方案214可以提供用于在系统的各个组件之间建立、实施和更新功率管理合同218的功能。这一功能可包括对在系统组件之间发送和接收关于功率管理的消息的支持，所述系统组件可以以各种方式被配置。例如，各个消息可被配置为可被主机和附件的相应控制器识别的脉冲信号模式。还构想了各种合适的消息收发协议和对应的消息格式，诸如使用集成电路间(I2C)协议、串行外围设备接口(SPI)、通用异步接收机/发射机(UART)消息收发、基于分组的通信、以及基于对象的消息，仅举几个示例。此外，可以使用无线消息收发协议，诸如近场通信、蓝牙、WiFi、RFID中使用的RF协议、或蜂窝电信协议。
功率管理合同218被配置成定义功率管理的工作约束，包括但不限于，为不同设备和场景指定功率交换方向和电流限制。此外，功率管理合同218的设置可以基于主机或附件观察到的条件而被实时地修改。因而，功率管理合同218的初始或默认设置可以与不同的附件相关联，并且可以在不同附件的初始连接和授权之际激活恰适的合同。初始激活的功率管理合同218可以在之后基于各种条件而被修改，这些条件包括但不限于，系统组件的电池的相对充电状态(RSOC)、正被服务的功率负载、连接到主机和/或附件的外围设备212的数目、针对系统组件的功率源可用性、功率源特性、处理负载等。因而，代替在附件和/或外围设备连接到系统时固定功率交换的工作约束，本文讨论的功率管理合同被设计成实现响应于在附件连接到主机期间的任何时间的改变条件对此类约束的动态调整。基于“实时”条件对功率管理合同218的初始设置的此类修改可以由附件设备和/或由主机计算设备发起。
安全模块216表示用于在附件设备被附连/连接到计算设备时标识和/或认证附件设备的功能性。安全模块216可被配置成实现各种不同的认证技术。一般而言，安全模块216执行认证序列，其中与附件设备104相关联的凭证220(例如，设备ID/口令、字母数字代码、标识电阻值等)被获得和验证。在一种方案中，安全模块216被配置为提供功能以支持连接器211到附件端口的可逆连接的技术。例如，安全模块216可以表示一个或多个微控制器202的下述功能：检测连接器到附件端口中的插入，采样连接器211的检测引脚以根据检测引脚的值确定所述连接器的朝向是正向还是逆向的，和/或基于所述采样在不同类型的设备和/或通信协议之间进行区分。在不同类型的设备之间进行区分可以包括在使用分开的RX和TX线的两根线设备和RX/TX被组合在单根线或信道上的一根线设备之间进行区分。另外，安全模块216可以表示基于所确定的设备的朝向和/或类型相应地设定信号路由的功能。
而且，图2中的附件设备104被示出为包括示例凭证220，其可在请求之际被提供到安全模块216以供认证。如果凭证是有效的(例如，设备是被识别的具有相关联的特权的设备)，则认证被认为是成功的，且附件设备104可被授权来通过功率控制器112进行功率交换以及与主机计算设备102的其它交互。此外，凭证220可以与为经授权的设备维护的功率管理合同设置相关联，并且因此可被用于在成功认证之际为不同设备查找并激活此类设置(例如，初始或默认设置)。另一方面，如果凭证不是有效的，则附件设备104与计算设备102的交互可用各种方式来被限制和/或被阻止。由此，安全模块216可防止未经授权和/或不被支持的设备用可能低效和/或不安全的方式来提供/使用功率。
已经考虑了对示例操作环境、系统和设备的之前的讨论，现在考虑对包括关于用于实现附件设备的可逆连接器的技术的进一步细节的示例设备、过程和场景的讨论。
可逆连接器细节
图3概括地描绘了根据一个或多个实现的用于将连接器可逆连接到附件端口的示例场景300。在该示例中，描述了正向和逆向这两个朝向的连接器211的代表性视图。如所述，在此所述的可逆连接器的技术可以依赖于连接器211的专用检测引脚和通过检测引脚形成的对应的电路/信号。在一种方案中，一对检测引脚被用于接口106以支持热插拔检测和用于设备认证、功率交换、信号路由控制等等的通信。接口106是基于设备类型和/或连接器的朝向可配置的，以在不同的信号路由选择(例如正向/逆向)和通信技术(一根线/两根线)之间进行切换。
在此，描述了包括引脚A 302(在此也称为“HPD1A”)和引脚B 304(在此也称为“HPD1B”)的检测引脚对。尽管示出了一对检测引脚，但通常来说两个或更多个检测引脚可以被分配用于附件的热插拔检测并被采样以促进基于通过检测引脚传递/读取的信号的连接器朝向和设备类型的分辨。在所示的示例中，引脚A 302和引脚B 304被示为通常位于连接器211的头部的相对边缘和/或侧上。支持不同的通信协议、总线和高速信号的各种其它引脚306也被合并到连接器211中。作为示例，除了提供用于认证/功率交换/控制的引脚之外，连接器211还可以提供用于支持USB、音频/视频信号、显示端口、网络通信等等的引脚。通常，所述引脚被安排为高速引脚对。引脚302、304、306被配置为与主机计算设备的附件端口210中包括的一组互补引脚308配对。
在所示的布置中，引脚A 302和引脚B 304被配置为在“正向”朝向中分别与和主机计算设备102的附件端口210相关联的RX和TX引脚配对。在该布置中，RX信号可以通过引脚A302被传递，而TX信号可以通过引脚B 304被传递。当连接器被翻转或倒转以呈现如也在图3中描述的“逆向”朝向时，引脚B 304现在与RX引脚配对，而引脚A 302现在与TX引脚配对。换言之，这些引脚连接已经物理地改变了位置。。在缺少对逆向的校正的情况下，RX/TX可能变得交叉。
但是，主机计算设备可以包括或以其他方式利用切换机制310以“理顺(straighten-out)”信号路由。切换机制提供了可操作来控制信号的路由以使得无论连接器朝向如何信号在相同的端点之间都被有效传递的功能。切换机制310被用于选择性地改变系统的信号路径以基于连接器朝向和/或针对特定类型的设备配置附件端口和/或对应的接口。这样，例如，即使当连接器处于如图3所述的“逆向”朝向，切换机制310也可以操作改变信号路由使得RX信号还是通过引脚A 302被传递，而TX信号通过引脚B 304被传递。作为示例，切换机制310可以包括一个或多个复用器312和/或开关314以允许在信号路径上的控制。虽然，切换机制310、复用器312和开关314被示为主机设备的组件，但除了主机的切换机制310、复用器312和开关314之外或代替主机的切换机制310、复用器312和开关314，被用于选择性地倒转某些信号路径的复用器312和开关314可以与附件设备104相关联。在这种情况中，主机计算设备102可以操作将命令发送给附件以导致在主机的引导下通过附件信号切换组件设定信号路由。
图4在400概括描述了示出连接器211的连接器头部402的引脚的一个示例布置的细节的代表性示例。在该示例中，连接器包括四十个引脚。引脚A 302和引脚B 304被示为位于连接器头部402的相对端上和连接器211的相对侧上。引脚A302和引脚B 304在该示例中被分别标记为“HPD1A”和“HPD1B”。在本文档中，标记“HPD1A”和“HPD1B”可以与术语引脚A和引脚B互换地使用。用于传输不同类型的信号和数据的各种其它引脚306也被置于连接器头部402内，包括例如USB3、USB2、功率交换等等的引脚。在图3和4中所示和所描述的示例引脚布置意在仅仅作为说明性的示例，而非旨在对根据所述技术可被使用的引脚和连接器配置的布置进行限制。关于与用于附件设备的可逆连接器相关联的技术的附加细节结合以下示例过程来讨论。
示例过程
以下讨论描述了可利用先前描述的系统和设备来实现的技术。这些过程中每一过程的各方面可用硬件、固件、软件、或其组合来实现。过程被示为指定由一个或多个设备执行的操作的一组框，不一定仅限于所示出的用于由相应的框执行操作的顺序。在以下讨论的各部分中，将参考图1的示例操作环境100和图2-4的示例设备和场景。各过程的各方面可由被合适配置的计算设备执行，诸如图2的示例主机计算设备102，它包括或以其它方式使用一个或多个微控制器202来支持可逆连接器211。附加地或替换地，各过程的各方面可以经由附件设备来执行，诸如图2的示例附件设备104，它包括或以其他方式利用一个或多个微控制器206。
图5描绘了在其中根据可逆连接器的朝向设定信号路由的示例过程500。附件设备的连接器与主机计算设备的附件端口的连接被检测到，连接器和附件端口被配置为支持连接器与附件端口的可逆连接(框502)。例如，与主机计算设备102相关联一个或多个微控制器202可被配置成识别各种设备到附件端口210的连接。检测可以按各种方式发生。在一种办法中，一个或多个微控制器202能够检测在连接器211成功附连到附件接口210时附件设备发送的信号。所述信号可以包括逻辑状态、电压输入信号、脉冲模式、静态电阻值等等。替换地，主机计算设备102可被配置成轮询附件端口210以例如通过监视检测线和读取对应于附件的电阻值来确定何时设备与其附连或解除附连。附连可以启动进一步的处理以确定与附件相关联的身份和/或设备类型以及连接器的朝向。随后，在主机和附件之间的信号路由线和/或通信接口可以被配置为匹配附件的类型和连接器的朝向。
具体而言，在附件设备附连之后，连接器与附件端口的连接的朝向被确定(框504)。可用各种方法来分辨朝向。通常，基于在在此所述的检测引脚上采样的信号来确定朝向。在连接器连接时传递的特定的值和/或模式指示了设备类型以及连接器的朝向。随后，主机计算设备的切换机制被配置成根据朝向自动地路由信号(框506)。例如，主机计算设备的一个或多个微控制器202可操作上以先前所述的基于连接器211的所确定的朝向设定信号路径的方式配置切换机制310。这可以涉及对与切换机制310相关联的复用器312和开关314的定位。另外或替换地，微控制器202可以与附件设备104的微控制器206通信以通知附件设备关于连接器的朝向和/或引导附件设备104来相应地重新配置附件侧的切换机制以设定合适的信号路由。以此方式，无论连接器的朝向如何，信号路径的终点都可以保持相同。这样，顾客可以将附件通过可逆电缆以任一朝向(正向或逆向)插入到主机设备，并且系统自动确定朝向并确保信号没有被混合。
在一个或多个实现中，专用的检测引脚可以被用于热插拔检测和朝向分辨，如在此所述。所述检测可以基于施加到检测线的电压(例如5V)和响应于所施加的电压获得/读取的引脚的对应逻辑状态，例如高＝1或低＝0。检测线的逻辑状态的不同的可能组合可以与一组检测情形相关联，每个检测情形对应于一种类型的设备和/或连接器211的一种朝向。与所述检测引脚相关联的线可以被一起(例如并行或顺序地)采样，并且不同的线所获得的值可以被组合在一起以导出指示设备类型和/或连接器朝向的经组合的逻辑状态。因此，可以建立反映逻辑状态组合(或其它凭证/附件标识符)与对应的检测情形的映射的表格、文件、数据库或其它数据结构。在操作中，一个或多个微控制器202可以监视检测引脚并获得每根检测线上的值。微控制器202可以利用可能的逻辑状态组合与对应的检测情形的映射来分辨设备类型和连接器朝向。
关于设备类型，逻辑状态组合提供了一种允许主机在不同类型的设备之间进行区分的机制。具体而言，检测到的逻辑状态组合指示设备是可以通过单根将RX和TX组合的线进行通信的一根线设备还是将两根不同的线用于RX和TX的两根线设备。一根线设备可以是相对简化且低成本的设备，它没有使用复杂的通信方案，例如基本功率适配器或外部电池。两根线设备可以是提供涉及高级接口、高速通信和/或多种类型的数据/协议的功能的设备，例如坞站、多媒体附件等等。
在一对检测引脚(例如HPD1A和HPD1B(例如引脚A 302和引脚B 304))被分配用于热插拔检测的情况下，存在四种可能的逻辑状态组合，例如高-高、高-低、低-高和低-低。逻辑状态指示了设备类型(例如一根线或两根线)并还可以被用于直接或间接地分辨连接器的朝向。具体而言，在缺少相连的附件的情况下，引脚HPD1A和HPD1B没有被声明(例如在低状态)。当附件设备被连接到主机时，HPD1A和HPD1B的特定状态组合确定了附件类型。对于一根线设备，可以确定在其上声明了高状态的线。因此，一根线的设备的逻辑状态组合也反映了连接器朝向并可被直接用于确定朝向。对于两根线设备，这两根线都具有高状态，并且由此逻辑状态组合可能不足以分辨朝向。因此，可以执行如下所述的附加处理以确定两根线设备的朝向。
由此，对于检测引脚HPD1A和HPD1B，下述示出了显示可能的逻辑状态组合与检测情形的示例映射的说明性表格：
表1：检测引脚逻辑状态映射
根据上述表格，值1,1(高-高)指示两根线附件，1,0(高-低)指示正向朝向的一根线附件，0,1(低-高)指示逆向朝向的一根线附件，而0,0(低-低)指示没有附件被附连。在使用诸如表格1的示例的映射确定了设备类型之后，附加处理可以发生以执行设备的认证/授权，确定设备的特定身份和/或性能(与仅仅是一根线对比两根线的确定相对而言)，并设定主机和/或附件的切换机制以适当地路由信号。
例如，对于一根线设备，通过声明的引脚(HPD1A或HPD1B)可以发生采样以标识并授权设备。这可以涉及如前所述的各种不同的认证技术。所述认证允许主机/微控制器识别不支持的附件并基于特定附件身份确定所支持的附件的具体配置信息以相应地配置该接口和信号路由。例如，附件设备可被配置成以之前提及的各种方式将凭证220提供给主机。在一种办法中，附件设备被配置成展示指示身份的相应电阻值以供主机计算设备读取。不同的电阻值可以与不同的附件相关联。由此，当附件被连接时，主机计算设备可以读取对应的电阻值并且在此基础上在不同的附件之间进行区分。替换地，其他凭证220可以被附件传递给主机以指示其身份，诸如发送特定数字代码、ID字段值、设备名称等。
如所述，当附连的附件是两根线设备时，逻辑状态组合不足以实现朝向确定。在这种情况下，通过认证序列来分辨朝向。为此，所支持的两根线设备可以被配置为通过任一信号线或这两根信号线将凭证220提供给主机。在这种情况下，针对HPD1A或HPD1B两者发生采样以标识并授权该两根线设备。在一种方案中，这两根线设备可以具有与一根或这两根线相关联的ID电阻，并可以展示指示该身份的电阻值。再次，附件还可以将其它凭证220传送给主机以指示其身份。随后，可以基于每根线的ID有效性状态(例如有效或无效)与可能的朝向情形的映射来确定朝向。由此，对于检测引脚HPD1A和HPD1B，下述示出了显示ID有效性状态朝向情形的示例映射的说明性表格：
表2：两根线检测引脚ID有效性状态映射
图6描绘了一种示例过程600，该过程说明了可能发生以根据一个或多个实现检测设备类型和朝向两者的处理的示例逻辑。具体而言，过程600表示可以被用于在附件连接到主机时分辨设备类型和连接器朝向的一种示例技术。过程600另外表示了一种如上刚描述的在表1和表2中所反映的检测引脚HPD1A和HPD1B的映射的可能实现。
监视附件端口(框602)以检测经由对应的连接器线缆的附件连接。所述监控可通过如在此所述的微控制器202和/或安全模块216来实现。附件端口210和连接器211可以被配置为将一对引脚分配用于检测，例如检测引脚HPD1A和HPD1B。做出关于引脚HPD1A和HPD1B的任一一个是否被声明(例如高＝1的信号值)的确定(框604)。如果否，则对端口的监视根据框602继续。如果引脚中的至少一个被声明，则做出检查以确定这两个引脚是否都被声明(框606)。如果这两个引脚没有被声明，则过程600行进至与一根线配置相关联的操作，否则这两个引脚都被声明并且过程行进至与两根线配置相关联的操作。
对于一根线配置，做出关于HPD1A是否被声明的确定(框608)，并且如果是，则对HPD1A采样(框610)以获得用于标识的凭证。基于所述凭证，验证相连接的附件的ID(框612)，并且当所述ID有效时，系统被配置为正向朝向的一根线(框614)。另一方面，如果ID是无效的，则附件是不支持的附件(框616)并且交互可被限制。如果HPD1A根据框608没有被声明，则其它引脚HPD1B是经声明的引脚并被采样(框618)。ID验证再次发生(框620)，并且要么ID有效且系统被配置为逆向朝向的一根线(框622)，要么ID是无效的且附件是不支持的附件(框616)并且可以被限制。
对于两根线配置，HPD1A和HPD1B两者都被采样(框624)。ID验证针对HPD1A发生(框626)并且随后如果在HPD1A上采样的ID是有效的则针对HPD1B进行ID验证(框628)。如果HPD1A和HPD1B两者的ID都是有效的，则正向和逆向朝向两者都被支持并基于应用进行配置(框630)。否则，如果仅HPD1A的ID是有效的，那么系统被配置为正向朝向的两根线(框632)。如果HPD1A根据框626是无效的，则ID验证针对HPD1B发生(框634)。如果HPD1B根据框634是有效的，则系统被配置为逆向朝向的两根线(框636)。否则，针对HPD1A和HPD1B两者所采样的ID是无效的，并且附件是不支持的附件(框638)并且可以被限制。遵循基于所描述的逻辑按适当方式对系统的配置，使用所应用的配置来路由信号(框640)。
示例过程600可以在软件、固件、硬件或其每个或一些的组合来实现。软件或固件实现有利地可以是灵活的，并且通过软件或固件更新被重新配置。或者，示例过程600可以使用不同的逻辑门和模拟和混合信号电路(包括模到数电路)来实现。这种替代有利地可以是更快的且还可以包括可编程阈值，例如用于确定电阻值。由于判定的二进制性质，可以广泛使用数字逻辑。
在考虑了前述示例过程后，现在考虑讨论可被采用来实现一个或多个实施例中的可逆连接器技术的各方面的示例系统和设备。
示例系统和设备
图7在700概括地示出了包括示例计算设备702的示例系统，该示例计算设备表示可以实现本文描述的各个技术的一个或多个计算系统和/或设备。计算设备702例如可被构造成通过使用所形成的外壳以及由用户的一个或多个手抓握和携带的尺寸来采用移动配置，这些计算设备的所示示例包括移动电话、移动游戏和音乐设备和平板计算机，但还构想其他示例。
所例示的示例计算设备702包括处理系统704、一个或多个计算机可读介质706、以及相互通信地耦合的一个或多个I/O接口708。尽管没有示出，计算设备702可进一步包括系统总线或将各种组件相互耦合的其它数据和命令传输系统。系统总线可以包括不同总线结构中的任一个或其组合，诸如存储器总线或存储器控制器、外围总线、通用串行总线和/或利用各种总线体系结构中的任一种的处理器或局部总线。也构想了各种其它示例，诸如控制和数据线。
处理系统704表示使用硬件执行一个或多个操作的功能。因此，处理系统704被示为包括可被配置为处理器、功能块等等的硬件元件710。这可包括在作为专用集成电路或使用一个或多个半导体构成的其它逻辑设备的硬件中的实现。硬件元件710不受形成它们的材料或者其中利用的处理机制的限制。例如，处理器可以由半导体和/或晶体管(例如，电子集成电路(IC))构成。在这一上下文中，处理器可执行指令可以是可电子地执行的指令。
计算机可读存储介质706被示为包括存储器/存储712。存储器/存储712表示与一个或多个计算机可读介质相关联的存储器/存储容量。存储器/存储组件712可包括易失性介质(如随机存取存储器(RAM))和/或非易失性介质(如只读存储器(ROM)、闪存、光盘、磁盘等等)。存储器/存储组件712可包括固定介质(例如，RAM、ROM、固定硬盘驱动器等)以及可移动介质(例如闪存、可移动硬盘驱动器、光盘等等)。计算机可读介质706可以下面进一步描述的各种方式来配置。
输入/输出接口708表示允许用户向计算设备702输入命令和信息的功能，并且还允许使用各种输入/输出设备向用户和/或其它组件或设备呈现信息。输入设备的示例包括键盘、光标控制设备(例如，鼠标)、话筒、扫描仪、触摸功能(例如，电容性的或被配置来检测物理触摸的其它传感器)、照相机(例如，可采用可见或诸如红外频率的不可见波长来将移动识别为不涉及触摸的手势)，等等。输出设备的示例包括显示设备(例如，监视器或投影仪)、扬声器、打印机、网卡、触觉响应设备，等等。因此，计算设备702可以按照各种方式来配置以支持用户交互。
计算设备702还被示为通信地且物理地耦合到附件设备714，附件设备714可物理地且通信地从计算设备702移除。以此方式，各种不同的输入设备可以耦合到计算设备702，从而具有各种各样的配置来支持各种各样的功能。在该示例中，附件设备714包括一个或多个控件716，该一个或多个控件可被配置成压敏键、机械开关键、按钮等。
附件设备714还被示为包括可被配置成支持各种功能的一个或多个模块718。此一个或多个模块718例如可被配置成处理从控件716接收到的模拟和/或数字信号以确定是否想要输入、确定输入是否指示静压、支持对附件设备714的认证以便与计算设备702一起操作等等。
此处可以在软件、硬件元件或程序模块的一般上下文中描述各种技术。一般而言，此类模块包括执行特定任务或实现特定抽象数据类型的例程、程序、对象、元件、组件、数据结构等等。本文使用的术语“模块”、“功能”和“组件”一般表示软件、固件、硬件或其组合。本文描述的技术的各特征是平台无关的，从而意味着该技术可在具有各种处理器的各种商用计算平台上实现。
所描述的模块和技术的实现可以被存储在某种形式的计算机可读介质上或跨某种形式的计算机可读介质传输。计算机可读介质可包括可由计算设备702访问的各种介质。作为示例而非限制，计算机可读介质可包括“计算机可读存储介质”和“计算机可读信号介质”。
“计算机可读存储介质”指相对于仅信号传输、载波、或信号本身而言，允许对信息的存储的介质和/或设备。因此，计算机可读存储介质不包括信号本身或信号承载介质。计算机可读存储介质包括以适合于存储如计算机可读指令、数据结构、程序模块、逻辑元件/电路、或其它数据等的方法或技术来实现的诸如易失性和非易失性、可移动和不可移动介质和/或存储设备的硬件。该计算机可读存储介质的示例包括但不限于，RAM、ROM、EEPROM、闪存或其它存储器技术、CD-ROM、数字多功能盘(DVD)或其它光存储、硬盘、磁带盒、磁带、磁盘存储或其它磁存储设备、或者可适用于存储所需信息并可由计算机访问的其它存储设备、有形介质或制品。
“计算机可读信号介质”可以指被配置为诸如经由网络向计算设备702的硬件传输指令的信号承载介质。信号介质通常用诸如载波、数据信号、或其它传输机制等已调制数据信号来体现计算机可读指令、数据结构、程序模块或其他数据。信号介质还包括任何信息传送介质。术语“已调制数据信号”是指使得以在信号中编码信息的方式来设定或改变其一个或多个特征的信号。作为示例而非限制，通信介质包括有线介质，诸如有线网络或直接线路连接，以及无线介质，诸如声学、RF、红外线和其它无线介质。
如前面所描述的，硬件元件710和计算机可读介质706表示以硬件形式实现的模块、可编程设备逻辑和/或固定设备逻辑，其可被某些实施例采用来实现此处描述的技术的至少某些方面，诸如执行一个或多个指令。硬件可包括集成电路或片上系统、微控制器设备、专用集成电路(ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、复杂可编程逻辑器件(CPLD)，和以硅或其它硬件的其他实现的组件。在此上下文中，硬件可操作为通过指令和/或由硬件实现的逻辑来执行程序任务的处理设备，以及被用来存储用于执行的指令的硬件(例如上面描述的计算机可读存储介质)。
前面的组合也可被采用来实现在此描述的各种技术。因此，软件、硬件，或可执行模块可被实现为在某种形式的计算机可读存储介质上和/或由一个或多个硬件元件710实现的一个或多个指令和/或逻辑。计算设备702可被配置成实现对应于软件和/或硬件模块的特定指令和/或功能。因此，可作为软件由计算设备702执行的模块的实现可至少部分以硬件完成，例如，通过使用计算机可读存储介质和/或处理系统710的硬件元件704。指令和/或功能可以是一个或多个制品(例如，一个或多个计算设备702和/或处理系统704)可执行/可操作的，以实现本文描述的技术、模块、以及示例。
结语
尽管用结构特征和/或方法动作专用的语言描述了各个示例实现，但可以理解，所附权利要求书中定义的各实现不必限于上述具体特征或动作。相反，这些具体特征和动作是作为实现所要求保护的特征的示例形式而公开的。

Claims (18)

1.一种由主机计算设备实现的方法，包括：
基于经由在连接器中所分配的一对检测引脚所传递的信号检测所述连接器到所述主机计算设备的附件端口的连接；
基于所述信号确定所述连接器到附件端口的连接的朝向，其中所述信号指示检测引脚对的逻辑状态组合,所述逻辑状态组合指示经由所述连接器连接的附件设备是一根线设备还是两根线设备，其中所述一根线设备的RX和TX线被组合成单根线，而所述两根线设备使用分开的RX和TX线；以及
配置所述主机计算设备的切换机制以根据所确定的朝向和所述逻辑状态组合来路由信号。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，检测所述连接器的连接包括对经由所述检测引脚对一起传递的信号进行采样并组合经由所述检测引脚对获得的值以导出所述逻辑状态组合。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，对经由所述检测引脚对一起传递的信号进行采样包括并行采样所述信号。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述检测引脚对形成接口以支持热插拔检测和用于设备认证、功率交换以及信号路由控制的通信。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述接口是基于相连的所述附件设备的设备类型和所述连接的所述朝向可配置的以在不同的信号路由选择和通信技术之间进行切换。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，其中配置所述切换机制包括引导所述主机计算设备的开关和复用器的位置以根据确定的朝向产生正向或逆向信号路径。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，其中配置所述切换机制还包括将命令发送给所述附件设备以导致在所述主机计算设备的引导下通过所述附件设备的信号切换组件设定信号路由。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，确定所述连接器的所述连接的朝向包括：
对与所述连接器的所分配的检测引脚相关联的信号进行采样以确定所述附件设备的设备类型为一根线设备或两根线设备；以及
当所述设备类型是一根线设备时，从所采样的信号中直接确定所述连接的朝向；或
当所述设备类型是两根线设备时，通过认证序列来分辨所述朝向，在所述认证序列中所述附件设备所提供的凭证被用于建立指示所述朝向的所述检测引脚的有效性状态。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，其中由所述附件设备提供的所述凭证包括通过所述检测引脚形成的一个或多个检测线上展示的一个或多个电阻值。
10.一种主机计算设备，包括：
一个或多个微控制器；
可连接到附件设备的连接器的附件端口；
存储指令的一个或多个计算机可读介质，所述指令在经由所述一个或多个微控制器执行时致使所述主机计算设备执行各种操作，所述操作包括：
通过与所述连接器集成的一对检测引脚检测所述连接器到所述附件端口中的插入；
获得通过检测引脚对传递的高和低逻辑状态的逻辑状态组合；
基于所述逻辑状态组合确定所述附件设备的设备类型为一根线设备或两根线设备；
确定插入在所述附件端口中的所述连接器的朝向包括：
当所述设备类型是一根线设备时，从所述逻辑状态组合中直接确定所述连接的朝向；或
当所述设备类型是两根线设备时，通过所述检测引脚对对所述附件设备的一个或多个身份电阻的电阻值进行采样以建立指示所述朝向的有效性状态；以及
根据所述设备类型和所确定的朝向设定信号路由；
其中所述一根线设备的RX和TX线被组合成单根线，而所述两根线设备使用分开的RX和TX线。
11.如权利要求10所述的主机计算设备，其特征在于，根据所述设备类型和所确定的朝向设定信号路由包括根据所确定的朝向来配置切换机制以在正向或逆向信号路径中路由信号。
12.如权利要求10所述的主机计算设备，其特征在于，基于所述逻辑状态组合确定所述设备类型包括参考可能的逻辑状态组合与检测情形的映射以标识所述设备类型。
13.如权利要求10所述的主机计算设备，其特征在于，所述指令还使得所述主机计算设备对由所述附件设备提供的凭证进行采样以确定所述附件设备是被授权与所述主机计算设备交互的经授权设备还是与其交互受到限制的不支持的设备。
14.如权利要求10所述的主机计算设备，其特征在于，所述指令经由对应于所述主机计算设备的一个或多个微控制器的固件来实现，并且所述一个或多个微控制器被配置成独立于所述主机计算设备的主处理系统来操作。
15.存储有指令的一个或多个计算机可读存储介质，在通过主机计算设备的处理系统执行所述指令时，实现一个执行下述操作的安全模块：
基于通过一对与附件设备的连接器集成的检测引脚获得的逻辑状态组合检测所述连接器与所述主机计算设备的附件端口的连接，所述连接器和附件端口被配置为支持所述连接器与所述附件端口的可逆连接；
根据所述逻辑状态组合标识所述附件设备的设备类型，所述逻辑状态组合指示经由所述连接器连接的所述附件设备是一根线设备还是两根线设备，其中所述一根线设备的RX和TX线被组合成单根线，而所述两根线设备使用分开的RX和TX线；
确定所述连接器到所述附件端口的连接朝向；以及
配置所述主机计算设备的切换机制以根据所标识的设备类型和所确定的朝向自动地路由信号。
16.如权利要求15所述的一个或多个计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，检测引脚对形成接口以支持热插拔检测和用于设备认证、功率交换以及信号路由控制的通信。
17.如权利要求15所述的一个或多个计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，
设定所述主机计算设备的开关和复用器的位置以根据确定的朝向产生正向或逆向信号路径；以及
将命令发送给所述附件设备以导致在所述主机计算设备的引导下通过所述附件设备的信号切换组件在附件侧设定信号路由。
18.如权利要求15所述的一个或多个计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，标识所述设备类型包括确定所述附件设备是一根线设备还是两根线设备。
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