CN106457708B - 导电动力传输带 - Google Patents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16G—BELTS, CABLES, OR ROPES, PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR DRIVING PURPOSES; CHAINS; FITTINGS PREDOMINANTLY USED THEREFOR
- F16G1/00—Driving-belts
- F16G1/06—Driving-belts made of rubber
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- F16G1/10—Driving-belts made of rubber with reinforcement bonded by the rubber with textile reinforcement
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D29/00—Producing belts or bands
- B29D29/08—Toothed driving belts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16G—BELTS, CABLES, OR ROPES, PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR DRIVING PURPOSES; CHAINS; FITTINGS PREDOMINANTLY USED THEREFOR
- F16G1/00—Driving-belts
- F16G1/28—Driving-belts with a contact surface of special shape, e.g. toothed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16G—BELTS, CABLES, OR ROPES, PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR DRIVING PURPOSES; CHAINS; FITTINGS PREDOMINANTLY USED THEREFOR
- F16G5/00—V-belts, i.e. belts of tapered cross-section
- F16G5/04—V-belts, i.e. belts of tapered cross-section made of rubber
- F16G5/06—V-belts, i.e. belts of tapered cross-section made of rubber with reinforcement bonded by the rubber
- F16G5/08—V-belts, i.e. belts of tapered cross-section made of rubber with reinforcement bonded by the rubber with textile reinforcement
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16G—BELTS, CABLES, OR ROPES, PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR DRIVING PURPOSES; CHAINS; FITTINGS PREDOMINANTLY USED THEREFOR
- F16G5/00—V-belts, i.e. belts of tapered cross-section
- F16G5/20—V-belts, i.e. belts of tapered cross-section with a contact surface of special shape, e.g. toothed
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05F—STATIC ELECTRICITY; NATURALLY-OCCURRING ELECTRICITY
- H05F3/00—Carrying-off electrostatic charges
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2075/00—Use of PU, i.e. polyureas or polyurethanes or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
- B29K2105/08—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of continuous length, e.g. cords, rovings, mats, fabrics, strands or yarns
- B29K2105/0809—Fabrics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
- B29K2105/08—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of continuous length, e.g. cords, rovings, mats, fabrics, strands or yarns
- B29K2105/10—Cords, strands or rovings, e.g. oriented cords, strands or rovings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0003—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
- B29K2995/0005—Conductive
Abstract
由弹性带主体(12),在增强带体的帘子线层内的导电拉伸帘子线(14),例如碳纤维帘子线,导电热塑性材料,例如聚丙烯膜的外层(18),和驻留在拉伸帘子线层和外层之间并在外层和拉伸帘子线之间提供电连续性的导电织物层(14)构成的皮带(10)。导电丝条可以织造在织物内,且可在织物的两个表面处存在并接触外层和拉伸帘子线二者,在其间提供电连续性。
Description
发明背景
1.发明领域
本发明一般地涉及导电动力传输带,更特别地涉及导静电的同步带,和具体地具有导电膜,织物和拉伸帘子线(tensile cord)的皮带。
2.现有技术的说明
传动皮带用于动力传输,运动控制,运输应用,以及定时(timing)应用。动力传输带可以是平带,齿带,V型带,多-V多楔带或其他特殊轮廓形式。它们典型地电绝缘和/或含有电绝缘的材料。有时期望皮带不保留静电荷,即皮带具有抗静电性能。
可在各种标准中定义抗静电性能,且一般地包括一种或多种下述特征:表面电阻低于108ohm;体积电阻低于109ohm;和地面泄露电阻低于106ohm/m。诸如BS PD CLC/TR50404:2003,DIN EN 13463-1,和IEC 60079-0之类的标准提供关于避免因静电导致的危险的信息。ASTM D-257提供对各种橡胶制品的电阻试验。尤其可应用于同步带的是标准ISO9563:1990(E),该标准陈述了新的抗静电带的电阻(单位ohm)不应当超过6×l05L/w,当根据该标准测量时。本文中满足ISO 9563标准的皮带将被称为“导电”的,不管该皮带是新的还是用过的。在使用中,皮带可因导电材料组分的磨损或故障而快速丧失导电性。
美国专利No.8,192,316公开了一种弹性动力传输带,其具有含非导电的天然或合成聚合物纤维与导电纤维的抗静电、耐磨、覆盖织物。该导电纤维是具有导电金属涂层,例如银的合成聚合物纤维。
JP 1018410A公开了使用导电丝条,使齿带的伪造者受挫。
美国专利No.6,770,004公开了在接触皮带轮的表面上具有导电的热塑性层的同步带。其公开内容要求保护皮带的导电率维持高于长期使用寿命,并提供基于弯曲试验机的两个实例。没有报道在更加苛求的负载测试中的性能。
美国专利No.4,767,389公开了一种平坦的塑料负载的拉伸带,其具有由或者在纺织品支持元件的丝条内的导电长丝或者在纺织品支持件和塑料覆盖物之间的导电层产生的抗静电性能。导电长丝可以是金属或碳纤维。导电层可以是含煤灰的塑料。该塑料覆盖物可以是热塑性聚氨酯。美国专利No.7,328,785教导了一种由导电热塑性材料制造的导电的齿状皮带轮。该热塑性材料可以由使用在其内混合的导电微纤维,石墨或炭黑而导电。
美国专利No.6,228,448教导了使用优选用足量炭黑或其他导电添加剂掺杂的导电弹性表面层,得到表面电阻率小于约1014ohm/平方的外层或整个环带。
美国专利No.5,417,619教导了用基于导电炭黑的抗静电橡胶组合物浸渍的覆盖帆布。这一涂层的不想要的副作用是织物耐磨性下降,从而导致在使用过程中,抗静电效果的快速丧失。所得刮擦颗粒可能有损于附近的电气或电子组件或系统。美国专利No.5,351,530利用这种导电性的损失来指示导电橡胶涂布的织物的磨耗状态。
需要一种导电带,它在长期使用寿命中在苛求的负载应用中保留导电性。
发明概述
本发明涉及提供导电动力传输带的系统与方法,它在皮带的寿命中在负载应用中维持导电性。
本发明涉及一种皮带,它由弹性带体,在增强带体的帘子线层内的导电拉伸帘子线,例如碳纤维帘子线,导电热塑性材料,例如聚丙烯膜的外层,和驻留在拉伸帘子线层和外层之间并在外层和拉伸帘子线之间提供电连续性的导电织物层制成。可在织物内包括导电丝条(thread)或长丝,且它可存在于织物的两个表面处,并接触外层和拉伸帘子线二者,在其间提供电连续性。导电丝条或长丝可以织造,缝纫,针刺,或针织等到织物内。导电丝条可包括导电金属涂布的纤维,例如在聚酰胺上的银。导电丝条可以与非导电的纤维一起束扎(bundle),并与非导电丝条在预定的间距或重量分数下一起织造到纤维内。预定量的导电丝条可以是大于或等于1mm的间距,或者范围为1至10mm,或者约3至约5mm,或者可以是至少1%的重量百分比,或者1%至9%,基于总的织物重量。一个或多个导电丝条可以是在织物的经向或者纬向内或者在这两个方向内。
在另一实施方案中,导电织物可以是具有导电浸渍涂层的织物。
本发明还涉及制造导电皮带的方法,在所述导电皮带内施加导电热塑性膜,导电织物和导电拉伸帘子线到带模具上,以便三者电接触。
前面相当宽泛地概述了本发明的特征和技术优点,为的是可更好地理解随后本发明的详细说明。下文将描述本发明的额外特征和优点,它们形成了本发明权利要求的主题。本领域技术人员应当理解,所公开的概念和具体实施方案可容易地用作改性或设计实施本发明相同目的的其他结构的基础。本领域技术人员还应当意识到,这种等价的结构没有脱离所附权利要求列出的本发明的范围。当结合附图考虑时,根据下述说明,将更好地理解就其组织和操作方法二者来说,被视为本发明特征的新型特征,连同进一步的目的和优点。然而,要清楚地理解,提供每一附图,为的是仅仅阐述和说明的目的,且并不意欲定义本发明的限制。
附图简述
引入到说明书中并形成说明书一部分的附图阐述本发明的实施方案,并与说明书一起起到解释本发明原理的作用,在说明书中,相同的数字表示相同的部件。在附图中:
图1是本发明实施方案的部分片段的透视图;
图2是图1中一部分实施方案的放大的部分片段部分;
图3是在严酷使用之后,图1的皮带的部分片段的侧视图;
图4是导电织物的图示;
图5是测试皮带耐久性所使用的皮带传动设计的图示;
图6是皮带导电试验的图示;
图7是对于基于在图5的驱动设计(drive layout)上测试的许多实施例和对比皮带来说,在皮带寿命的试验百分比上,皮带电阻vs小时的图示;和
图8是对于在图5的驱动设计上测试的许多实施例和对比皮带来说,皮带电阻率vs皮带寿命百分比的图示。
详细说明
图1示出了同步带10形式的具有平坦的背面11和齿状侧面17的本发明导电带的实施方案,所述齿状侧面17包括与带面(lands)13交替的齿15。同步带10的内部结构包括弹性主体12,包埋在其内的拉伸帘子线14,织物层16,和外层18。拉伸帘子线14包括导电材料,例如碳纤维或金属线材。帘子线可以是导电材料与其他非导电帘子线材料,例如玻璃,芳族聚酰胺,PBO或类似物的混杂物,条件是导电材料在帘子线的表面处至少在多个位置呈现。织物层16同样是导电的。外层18也是导电的,且可以是导电的热塑性膜或者导电的热固性涂层,它提供适合于至少耗散静电荷的具有表面导电性的皮带。织物层16在外层和导电的拉伸帘子线之间提供电连续性。所得导电皮带不是仅在其表面处具有导电性,也不是仅仅借助其帘子线具有导电性,而是通过帘子线和表面二者以及在其间通过织物层具有导电性。
常常将覆盖同步带的弹性齿的材料称为“夹套(jacket)”。皮带10的导电夹套因此包括导电外层18和导电织物层16的组合。因此,在导电夹套和导电拉伸帘子线之间具有电连续性。
图2更加详细地阐述了图1的皮带10的一些特征。在图2中,看到拉伸帘子线14为在其间具有间隙22的一束(bundle)单独的纤维24。主体12的弹性材料可在一定程度上或者完全渗透到间隙22内。或者,一些或所有的间隙可用帘子线处理剂浸渍,所述帘子线处理剂可以不同于皮带主体的弹性材料。织物16包括经纱26和纬纱27。正如所示的,经线通常跨越皮带宽度或者横向行进(run),而纬纱通常沿着皮带长度或者纵向行进。取决于织物的编织,经线可以是纵向丝条,和纬线可以是横向丝条,或者织物可以在皮带上以一个角度铺放。纬纱27包括导电纤维28,28'和28"。导电纤维28阐述了与拉伸帘子线14接触的点。导电纤维28'阐述了未与拉伸帘子线14或外层18接触的点。导电纤维28"阐述了与外层18接触的点。在给定的皮带10中,在织物16的导电纤维28和导电外层18以及拉伸帘子线14之间存在多个这种接触点。结果,可通过穿过帘子线,织物和外层的多个路径,建立皮带的导电。
与具有仅仅导电表面层,或者仅仅导电帘子线,或者仅仅导电织物的现有技术皮带相比,本发明的皮带显示出优越得多的导电率。当导电元件被损坏或磨坏时,这一现有技术的皮带快速丧失导电率。事实上,提出了使用这种在其他情况下非所需的导电率丧失作为测定皮带磨耗状态或者劣化状态的方法。然而,在要求导电性的许多应用中,更加期望在皮带的整个寿命期间,皮带维持导电性。本发明实现了这一目的。而且,不同的应用可产生不同类型的皮带损坏,从而导致皮带的有效寿命终止,即不同的“故障模型”。在外层或者织物变得非常磨损,即拉伸帘子线故障模型之前,具有低齿负载、但小直径皮带轮传动的同步带可能会经历拉伸帘子线损坏。若该皮带依赖于导电的拉伸帘子线的导电性,则在其寿命期间,它将逐渐丧失导电性。另一方面,具有适中直径的皮带轮的高齿负载可能会显示出夹套磨损故障模型,或者齿剪切故障模型。若该皮带依赖于表面导电性或者织物导电性,则一旦导电外层或者导电织物通过在某处磨坏,则它可能无法保持导电性(视具体情况而定)。
图3示出了在其有效寿命的终点处或其附近,在严重磨坏状态下的图1的皮带10的一个实例。在图3中,导电外层18仅仅在齿17的齿尖上保持完整。外层在齿根侧面47上和在面带13上被磨掉。而且,导电织物16通过在齿根处的裂纹45断开(break through)。尽管如此,但在这一磨耗状况下的本发明的试验皮带至少在带面区域13内仍然借助导电路径具有导电性,所述导电路径由当外表面经剩余的织物16到拉伸帘子线14留下的任何东西提供。
抗静电、耐磨的织物可由经向和纬向丝条或纱(针织,或者非织造的)织造。任何合适的针织或编织可用于织物16,例如方形组织,或斜纹组织等。图4阐述了一种可能的织物16的结构,亦即具有经纱26和纬纱27的2x2斜纹组织,所述经纱26中每大于或等于7根经纱具有一根导电丝条29,所述纬纱27中每大于或等于6根纬纱丝条具有一根导电丝条30。导电丝条可在单独纬纱,单独的经纱,或者经纱和纬纱二者内织造。或者,导电丝条或长丝可缝纫,针刺,或针织等成织物。可预订导电丝条的间距,提供所需的导电率。预订的间距可以是例如范围为1至10mm,优选约3至约5mm。导电丝条可以是导电纤维的单丝,导电纤维长丝束,导电单丝或纤维与非导电纤维或长丝的混合束。导电丝条可以按照任何合适的方式构造,例如加捻,复捻,包缠,和织构(texture)等。优选地,在导电丝条内的导电材料在丝条表面处呈现,和因此在所得织物表面处呈现,以便与皮带的其他组件建立电连续性。例如,导电丝条可以是具有非导电芯被导电长丝或丝条包缠的芯-插入结构。非导电的聚合物纤维,以及金属涂布的导电纤维中的基础纤维可以是任何所需的天然或合成纤维,例如聚酯,尼龙或聚酰胺("PA"),丙烯酸类树脂,棉,人造丝或芳族聚酰胺等。纤维可以被织构,加捻,或共混等。混杂,复合或共混的丝条可以是随机的纤维混合物,加捻或复捻的各种类型的丝条或者丝条,或者被构造,例如包缠或芯-鞘丝条。优选的非导电纤维和用于导电纤维的基础纤维是聚酯和聚酰胺,其中包括PA-66。导电纤维可以是金属涂布的纤维或长丝,碳纤维,或金属纤维等。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,导电纤维可占织物总重量的约1%至约9%。在另一实施方案中,织物可以是约3%至约6%的导电纤维,和纤维的其余部分是非导电纤维的组合。织物可具有预定的间距和所描述的导电丝条的重量百分比。可选择在导电织物内预定量的导电纤维或丝条,以优化织物成本和/或性能。当添加导电丝条到在皮带中所使用的已有织物结构内时,人们可能限制导电纱线用量的一个理由是,最小化对产品的负载能力或耐久性或其他性能的潜在负面影响。织物可以完全由导电纱线制成,然而,这可能使得成本高昂,且对于实现本文描述的静电导电率水平来说是不需要的。
作为对导电织物的替代,例如图4,通过采用一种或多种合适的导电涂层或处理,例如导电RFL浸渍,或者导电橡胶胶水(cement),或导电橡胶撇渣(skim)或摩擦层或浸渍织物并跨越织物提供连续性的其他导电涂层,任何合适的非导电织物可以变得具有导电性。通过使用导电添加剂,例如导电炭黑,石墨,金属颗粒或纤维,或碳纤维,其中包括例如碳纳米管和类似物,RFL,橡胶胶水或其他涂层可变得具有导电性。
外层可以是可层压到织物上的导电热塑性膜。合适的材料的实例包括聚乙烯,聚丙烯,尼龙,聚酯,其中包括共聚物,共混物和类似物。通过添加导电添加剂,例如导电炭黑,石墨,金属颗粒或纤维,碳纤维,其中包括例如碳纳米管和类似物,热塑性膜可以变得具有导电性。优选的热塑性膜是具有导电炭黑的聚丙烯。聚丙烯膜可以是聚丙烯均聚物或聚丙烯共聚物。该共聚物可以是聚(丙烯-乙烯),且主要是丙烯,或者小于约10%乙烯。在层压工艺过程中,导电膜可以软化或熔融,并容许稍微渗透到导电织物内,建立某种机械互锁,以确保与导电织物的电连续性和坚固的机械和/或化学键合。
或者外层可以是层压或施加到织物上的热固性膜。热塑性树脂可以是橡胶组合物,可交联的热塑性树脂,聚氨酯,环氧树脂或类似物,它们可以采用导电添加剂变得具有导电性。
弹性主体材料可以是任何合适的弹性体组合物,其中包括可硫化的橡胶组合物,例如腈类(NBR或HNBR),苯乙烯-丁二烯(SBR),氯丁二烯(CR),乙烯-丙烯(EPM或EPDM),橡胶共混物和类似物,或者热塑性弹性体组合物,或者浇铸的聚氨酯组合物。主体材料可以具有导电性,但不需要。对于浇铸的聚氨酯皮带来说,优选织物和帘子线未处理,或者至少部分开放,在浇铸工艺过程中通过聚氨酯配方渗透。这一渗透导致良好的机械粘合(除了所存在的任何化学键合以外),将所有皮带组件粘合在一起。对于用导电浸渍液和/或upcoat处理的织物来说,可能更加难以获得所有组件之间良好的粘合,且可仅仅依赖于化学粘合。
可使用任何合适的制造皮带的方法。浇铸聚氨酯同步带可以例如如美国专利Nos.5,231,159,5,807,194,和6,964,626中所述制造,其内容在本文中通过参考引入。在这一方法中,导电性外层可以层压到导电织物上,以制造导电夹套。可在开槽模具周围放置夹套,并在夹套上螺旋缠绕碳的拉伸帘子线。可将模具置于壳内,并用聚氨酯材料填充空腔,从而容许在固化之前它们渗透帘子线和织物。可将已固化的皮带厚板切割成单独的皮带。在皮带建造过程中建立的在织物和拉伸帘子线之间的接触于是在最终的皮带内得以维持。
硫化橡胶皮带可以例如如美国专利No.6,695,733和/或在其内提到的专利中所描述的制造,其内容在本文中通过参考引入。由于橡胶组合物具有高粘度,因此通常用各种浸渍液或橡胶胶水预处理织物和拉伸帘子线。优选地,处理剂是导电材料,以便在表面和拉伸帘子线之间的连续性得以维持。在用导电性涂层或浸渍液处理之前或者之后,可将导电性外层层压到织物上。若浸渍液处理剂合适地具有导电性,则织物可能不需要是导电性纱线。层压可包括合适的粘合剂。
长度长的热塑性皮带可以例如如美国专利No.8,668,799中所述制造,其内容在本文中通过参考引入。皮带可以切割成所需的长度,并连接端部,制造环带。可如本文中所描述的,通过从外表面材料到导电性拉伸帘子线建立电连续性,使得皮带变得具有导电性。
在下述实施例中,本发明的实施例表示为"Ex.",和对比例为"Comp.Ex."。将皮带置于图5图示的耐久性试验驱动器上。采用约24个三角皮带轮(groove pulley)56和58拖拉(train)的皮带10,示出了耐久性试验,所述三角皮带轮在2000RPM下,在预定的负载和张力下在室温下驱动。所选的张力和HP导致拉伸比,T1/T2(张紧侧相对于松弛侧的张力)。使用图6中图示的电阻装置60,测试皮带的电阻,所述电阻装置60以ISO 9563:1990(E),第1版,08-15-1990,(下文"ISO 9563")为基础。在图6中,通过在皮带的齿侧上放置两个接触点62a,62b,测量皮带10的电阻。对接触点仿形切削(profile),以便它们各自覆盖皮带的三个齿17和两个带面13。两根引线(lead)63a,63b连接电极到绝缘试验仪64上。垫片柄状物(spacerhandle)65保持两个接触点隔开距离L,其中设定所述距离L,在接触点之间提供6个齿17和7个带面13。ISO 9563要求在皮带和电极以及在硬质绝缘表面上的皮带背侧11的支持件之间使用导电流体且没有应力。然而,由于期望在耐久性试验上,在皮带的整个寿命中保持(follow)皮带的电阻(resistance),因此在图5的耐久性测试仪上,在具有背侧11的张力下,在空气中采用皮带进行试验。它首先通过实验测定:在没有硬质支持件且没有使用导电流体的情况下,可反复的测量确实是可能的。根据ISO 9563,抗静电的环形同步带,也称为导静电(和下文仅仅称为“导电”带),必须具有不超过0.6·L/w的电阻(单位:兆欧(ΜΩ)),其中L是图6中所示的距离,和w是带宽。因此,对于不同宽度和节距(pitch)的皮带来说,可归一化电阻测量,R,且对于导电带的必要条件要求重写为Rw/L≤0.6ΜΩ。
在这种第一系列的实施例中,比较三种不同的聚氨酯同步带结构。所有三种皮带结构采用浇铸的非导电性聚氨酯主体制造,且具有8–mm的齿距,Gates齿廓,16-mm的宽度和140个齿。使用以上所述的层压和聚氨酯浇铸工艺。Comp.Ex.1包括芳族聚酰胺纤维的非导电性拉伸帘子线,非导电性尼龙织物和导电的聚乙烯热塑性膜作为外层。Comp.Ex.2类似于Comp.Ex.1建造,但采用在其他非导电性纬纱当中大约每4mm用导电性纬纱隔开的尼龙导电织物。Ex.3类似于Comp.Ex.2建造,但采用导电性碳纤维拉伸帘子线而不是芳族聚酰胺。因此,Ex.3至少在皮带的平带区域内提供从外层到导电性拉伸帘子线的导电路径。在表1中概述了这些结构以及试验结果。在10HP负载和8的拉伸比下,在耐久性试验上运行皮带,且如图7所图示的进行周期性电阻测量。在表2中报道了对于导电带来说,电阻超过ISO9563最大值(2.1ΜΩ)时的时间以及总的试验时间和终止试验的理由。注意对比皮带在试验中在达到皮带寿命(对于芳族聚酰胺帘子线来说,约378小时)之前,均丧失导电性很长时间。本发明的皮带从未丧失导电性,并在515小时时终止试验。本发明的皮带需要在较高负载下测试,结果对于有限的试验资源来说,皮带的寿命在更加实际的范围内。
在第二系列的实施例中,本发明的皮带是在19HP下测试的耐久性。另外,测试在市场上目前可获得的且以导电性做广告的各种对比皮带的耐久性。本发明的实施例(它具有聚氨酯结构)的负载能力比对比的橡胶皮带高得多。因此,选择橡胶皮带的试验条件,得到范围为最多约150小时的皮带寿命。由于对比皮带具有不同的宽度,因此,归一化的电阻,Rw/L,用于比较测量值。在表2中列出了皮带和它们的耐久性与导电性结果。图8示出了在测量时刻,相对于皮带的寿命百分比,在皮带的寿命中归一化的电阻测量值。当测试相同结构的多根皮带时,实施例的编号保持相同,和字母名称用于每一重复试验。
表1
在第二系列中,所有对比皮带是橡胶同步带。Comp.Ex.4是通过在织物上使用导电浸渍液,使橡胶带抗静电。织物本身由非导电的尼龙制造。常规的橡胶可具有一定程度的导电性,但电阻太高,以致于满足不了抗静电带的ISO 9563要求。另外,Comp.Ex.4具有非导电的玻璃纤维拉伸帘子线。正如图8中所示的,Comp.Ex.4在开始测试之前,最初满足ISO 9563的技术规格,但在测试仅仅数小时之后丧失导电性,这可能是因为在齿面上的导电性浸渍液磨耗掉或者粉碎(breakup)导致的。因此,在皮带的有效寿命终止之前很长时间,丧失了导电性。
Comp.Ex.5和6具有类似的结构,但认为Comp.ex.6具有导电性背侧聚乙烯膜,除了在皮带的齿侧上的聚乙烯膜以外。认为这两种结构根据美国专利No.6,770,004的教导构造。在该专利中的皮带仅仅通过导电性聚乙烯表面层具有导电性,但据报道,在皮带的寿命中显示出导电性。然而,在’004专利中的皮带仅仅在弯曲试验机上测试,没有负载试验。弯曲测试通常可能通不过夹套之前的拉伸帘子线,且完全不可能因齿剪切而故障。再者,许多(如果不是大多数的话)应用要求皮带携带一定负载。负载试验可能在齿剪切,和夹套磨耗等中出现故障。在Comp.Ex.5和6上的耐久性试验结果表明在负载试验上的导电性没有持续皮带的寿命。
Ex.7的本发明皮带包括在具有碳纤维导电拉伸元件的导电性织物齿覆盖物上的导电聚丙烯表面。Ex.7的皮带在齿面和拉伸元件之间显示出电连续性。Ex.7的本发明皮带不仅从任何测试皮带开始时具有最低的电阻,而且它们容易达到负载-寿命耐久性试验的最后且没有接近丧失导电性。这些皮带保持导电性,甚至当磨耗到图3中所示的点时。
因此,全部电连接的导电性外层与导电性织物和导电性帘子线的组合制造了在苛刻应用中导电性保留远长于现有技术皮带的皮带。
表2
1认为这一皮带也在背侧上具有导电性PE膜。
尽管详细地描述了本发明及其优点,但应当理解,可在没有脱离所附权利要求定义的本发明范围的情况下,做出各种变化,替代和改变。而且,本申请的范围并不意欲限制到说明书中描述的该工艺,装置,制造,物质组合物,措施,方法和步骤的特定实施方案上。本领域普通技术人员根据本发明的公开内容,容易理解根据本发明,可利用目前存在或者随后将开发的行使与本文中描述的相应实施方案基本上相同功能或者实现基本上相同结果的工艺,装置,制造,物质组合物,措施,方法或步骤。因此,所附权利要求意欲在它们的范围内包括这种工艺,装置,制造,物质组合物,措施,方法或步骤。可合适地在不存在本文中没有具体地公开的任何要素情况下实践本文公开的发明。
Claims (18)
1.一种导电动力传输带,它包括弹性带体,在增强带体的帘子线层内的导电拉伸帘子线,导电性热塑性膜的外层,和驻留在拉伸帘子线层和外层之间并在外层和拉伸帘子线之间提供电连续性的导电织物层。
2.权利要求1的导电动力传输带,其中导电织物层包括含导电丝条的织物,所述导电丝条在所述织物的两个表面存在且接触外层和拉伸帘子线二者,从而在其间提供电连续性。
3.权利要求1的导电动力传输带,其中导电织物层包括织物和导电性浸渍涂层,所述导电性浸渍涂层在所述织物的两个表面存在且接触外层和拉伸帘子线二者,从而在其间提供电连续性。
4.权利要求2的导电动力传输带,其中弹性带体包括聚氨酯。
5.权利要求4的导电动力传输带,其中拉伸帘子线包括碳纤维。
6.权利要求2的导电动力传输带,其中导电丝条包括导电性金属涂布的纤维。
7.权利要求6的导电动力传输带,其中用于涂布的金属包括银。
8.权利要求6的导电动力传输带,其中金属涂布的纤维是银涂布的聚酰胺纤维。
9.权利要求2的导电动力传输带,其中导电丝条用非导电性纤维集束,并与非导电性丝条一起在预定的间距下织造成织物。
10.权利要求2的导电动力传输带,其中导电丝条被非导电性丝条包缠,并与其他非导电性丝条一起在预定的间距下织造成织物。
11.权利要求9的导电动力传输带,其中预定的间距范围为1至10mm。
12.权利要求11的导电动力传输带,其中导电丝条在织物的纬向上行进,所述织物基本上在导电动力传输带的纵向上取向。
13.权利要求2的导电动力传输带,其中导电丝条的数量为纬向上总的丝条支数的约10%。
14.权利要求2的导电动力传输带,其中导电丝条占总织物重量的1%至9%。
15.权利要求1的导电动力传输带,其中导电性热塑性膜包括聚乙烯。
16.权利要求1的导电动力传输带,其中导电性热塑性膜包括聚丙烯。
17.制造导电动力传输带的方法,该方法包括施加导电性热塑性膜、导电织物层和导电拉伸帘子线层到带模具上,其中导电织物层驻留在膜和帘子线层之间并与它们接触,从而在膜和帘子线之间提供电连续性;和引入浇铸聚氨酯组合物,形成带体,并浸渍所述织物和至少一部分所述拉伸帘子线。
18.权利要求17的方法,其中在所述施加到带模具上之前,一起层压所述膜和织物。
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US20150285334A1 (en) | 2015-10-08 |
CN106457708A (zh) | 2017-02-22 |
US10731726B2 (en) | 2020-08-04 |
JP2018189239A (ja) | 2018-11-29 |
AU2015244238B2 (en) | 2017-11-16 |
EP3129673A1 (en) | 2017-02-15 |
MX2016013167A (es) | 2017-02-14 |
RU2645543C1 (ru) | 2018-02-21 |
JP6395857B2 (ja) | 2018-09-26 |
US9829066B2 (en) | 2017-11-28 |
US20170343077A1 (en) | 2017-11-30 |
BR112016023294A2 (zh) | 2017-08-15 |
KR101919215B1 (ko) | 2018-11-15 |
AU2015244238A1 (en) | 2016-10-13 |
CA2944507A1 (en) | 2015-10-15 |
CA2944507C (en) | 2020-05-19 |
JP2017512957A (ja) | 2017-05-25 |
BR112016023294B1 (pt) | 2022-04-19 |
WO2015157001A1 (en) | 2015-10-15 |
EP3129673B1 (en) | 2018-08-15 |
KR20160140926A (ko) | 2016-12-07 |
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