CN106433813A - 微乳化含水乙醇汽油及其调配方法 - Google Patents

微乳化含水乙醇汽油及其调配方法 Download PDF

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CN106433813A
CN106433813A CN201610849980.1A CN201610849980A CN106433813A CN 106433813 A CN106433813 A CN 106433813A CN 201610849980 A CN201610849980 A CN 201610849980A CN 106433813 A CN106433813 A CN 106433813A
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叶燕帅
凌华梅
牛彩云
陈浩平
谭艳
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Guangxi University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种微乳化含水乙醇汽油及其调配方法，涉及化工燃料技术领域；本发明采用山梨醇酐单油酸酯、山梨醇酐三油酸酯和聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐单硬酸酯的混合物作为亲油乳化剂，并采用聚合度为10的辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚、聚合度为4的辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚、异丁醇以及异丙醇复配作为亲水乳化剂，然后分别使用亲油和亲水乳化剂对汽油和含水乙醇溶液乳化，最后将乳化后的汽油和乳化后含水乙醇溶液混合，使得体系形成稳定的油包水乳液，提高了微乳化含水乙醇汽油的稳定性，微乳化含水乙醇汽油在‑10℃～40℃的温度范围内均保持30天以上不出现分层。

Description

微乳化含水乙醇汽油及其调配方法
技术领域
本发明涉及汽车代用燃料技术领域，尤其是一种微乳化含水乙醇汽油及其调配方法。
背景技术
微乳化含水乙醇汽油作为一种新型的清洁燃料，其采用的含水乙醇溶液对精馏工艺的要求远低于无水乙醇，因此，微乳化含水乙醇汽油相对于乙醇汽油，其生产成本可大幅度降低。然而，由于汽油不溶于水，导致微乳化含水乙醇汽油在配制、储存运输和使用过程中极易发生相分离，使得油箱内燃料的能量密度不均匀，燃烧性质变差，汽车使用时易出现故障。
现有的微乳化含水乙醇汽油有如“一种含水乙醇汽油及其制备方法”（专利申请号为201410840146.7，申请公布日为2015年5月13日），这项专利的微乳化含水乙醇汽油比例为78～89.8％、含水乙醇比例为10～20％、复配乳化剂比例0.2～1.2％、助溶剂比例0～0.5％、助燃剂比例0～0.3％，其中含水乙醇的乙醇度为90～97％。这项技术虽然通过添加复合乳化剂提高汽油稳定性，使汽油在常温下放置三个月以上未出现分层，然而其相分离温度仅为-4℃～-7℃，在更低的温度下则开始分层，因而限制了微乳化含水乙醇汽油的应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种微乳化含水乙醇汽油及其调配方法，这种微乳化含水乙醇汽油可以解决微乳化含水乙醇汽油低温稳定性差的问题。
为了解决上述问题，本发明采用的技术方案是：
一种微乳化含水乙醇汽油由含水乙醇溶液、汽油、亲油乳化剂和亲水乳
化剂复配而成；
含水乙醇溶液、汽油、亲油乳化剂和亲水乳化剂的体积之比为18～22：178～182：0.5～1.5：0.5～1.5；
含水乙醇溶液中乙醇的体积百分比为95%；
亲油乳化剂由体积之比为5～6.5：0.5～1.5：0.5～1.8的山梨醇酐单油酸
酯、山梨醇酐三油酸酯和聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐单硬酸酯复配而成；
亲水乳化剂由体积之比为0.5～1.5：0.5～1.5：4.5～6：2～4的聚合度为10的辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚、聚合度为4的辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚、异丁醇以及异丙醇复配而成。
上述技术方案中，更具体的技术方案还可以是：将亲油乳化剂加入到汽油中，混合均匀，得到第一混合物，将亲水乳化剂加入到含水乙醇溶液中，混合均匀，得到第二混合物；最后将第二混合物注入到第一混合物，混合均匀，静止，即得到微乳化含水乙醇汽油。
失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯应用于食品、医药、化妆品、纺织行业等的油溶性液状或蜡状的一系列化合物，适于用作油包水型（W/O）乳化剂，分子式为C7H11O6-R，根据其分子中长链烷基碳数的差异而形成一系列产品，包括S-20、 S-40、S-60、S-80和S-85，该系列产品为亲油乳化剂；山梨醇酐单油酸酯，别名司盘80、斯盘80、乳化剂S80，分子式为C24H44O6，分子量为428.6026，HLB值为4.3；山梨醇酐三油酸酯，别名山梨坦三油酸酯、山油酸山梨醇脂、司盘85、分子式为C60H108O8，分子量为957.49，HLB值为1.8。
聚氧乙烯山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯，别名吐温60、聚山梨酸酯60，分子式为C64H126O26，HLB值为14.5～14.9。
辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚是由烷基酚与环氧乙烷在碱催化剂存在下通过加成反应得到的一系列反应产物，根据所加成的环氧乙烷的个数，辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚系列产品包括OP-4、OP-7、OP-9、OP-10、OP-15、OP-20、OP-30、OP-40、OP-50等，OP后的数字代表加成的环氧乙烷的个数，辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚OP-10所聚合的环氧乙烷个数为10，辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚OP-4所聚合的环氧乙烷个数为4。
由于采用了上述技术方案，本发明与现有技术相比具有如下有益效果：
1、本发明亲油乳化剂由亲油性的山梨醇酐单油酸酯、亲油性的山梨醇酐
三油酸酯和亲水性的聚氧乙烯山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯复配而成，亲水性的聚氧乙烯山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯对山梨醇酐单油酸酯和山梨醇酐三油酸酯的亲油性具有增强的效果。
2、本发明亲水乳化剂由聚合度为10的辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚、聚合度为4的辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚、异丁醇以及异丙醇复配而成，使聚合度为10的辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚、聚合度为4的辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚在无水环境下完全溶解于异丁醇和异丙醇中，然后再与含水乙醇混合，从而降低了亲水乳化剂与含水乙醇混合时，与其中的水分结合形成油包水乳液的机会，提高乳化效能。
3、本发明微乳化剂使体系形成稳定的油包水乳液，提高了微乳化含水乙醇汽油的稳定性，微乳化含水乙醇汽油在-10℃～40℃的温度范围内均保持30天以上不分层。
4、本发明含水乙醇汽油微乳化剂原料容易获取，配方简单，价格低廉。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详述：
实施例1
调配100mL微乳化含水乙醇汽油，需要如下原料：9.5mL含水乙醇溶液、
89.5mL汽油、0.5mL亲油乳化剂、0.5mL亲水乳化剂；其中，亲油乳化剂由375mL山梨醇酐单油酸酯、62.5mL山梨醇酐三油酸酯和62.5mL聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐单硬酸酯配制而成；亲水乳化剂由50mL聚合度为10的辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚、50mL聚合度为4的辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚、0.25mL异丁醇以及0.15mL异丙醇配制而成；本实施例含水乙醇溶液中乙醇的体积百分比为95%。
调配方法为：将亲油乳化剂加入到汽油中，搅拌混合；然后将亲水乳化剂以加入到含水乙醇溶液中机械搅拌混合；最后将乳化后的含水乙醇溶液注入到乳化后的汽油中机械搅拌混合，静止后可得到颜色透亮、不分层的微乳化含水乙醇汽油。
本实施例微乳化含水乙醇汽油在-10℃～40℃的温度范围内保持30天以上不出现分层。
实施例2
调配1L微乳化含水乙醇汽油，需要如下原料：90mL含水乙醇溶液、905
mL汽油、2.5mL亲油乳化剂、2.5mL亲水乳化剂；其中，亲油乳化剂由1.78mL山梨醇酐单油酸酯、0.54mL山梨醇酐三油酸酯和0.18mL聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐单硬酸酯配制而成；亲水乳化剂由0.15mL聚合度为10的辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚、0.45mL聚合度为4的辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚、1.3mL异丁醇以及0.6mL异丙醇配制而成；本实施例含水乙醇溶液中乙醇的体积百分比为95%。
调配方法为：将亲油乳化剂加入到汽油中，机械搅拌混合；然后将亲水乳化剂以加入到含水乙醇溶液中机械搅拌混合；最后将乳化后的含水乙醇溶液注入到乳化后的汽油中机械搅拌混合，静止后可得到颜色透亮、不分层的微乳化含水乙醇汽油。
本实施例微乳化含水乙醇汽油在-10℃～40℃的温度范围内保持30天以上不出现分层。
实施例3
调配1L微乳化含水乙醇汽油，需要如下原料：108.4mL含水乙醇溶液、
876.8mL汽油、7.4mL亲油乳化剂、7.4mL亲水乳化剂；其中，亲油乳化剂由5.48mL山梨醇酐单油酸酯、0.42mL山梨醇酐三油酸酯和1.5mL聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐单硬酸酯配制而成；亲水乳化剂由0.9mL聚合度为10的辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚、0.3mL聚合度为4的辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚、3.7mL异丁醇以及2.5mL异丙醇配制而成；本实施例含水乙醇溶液中乙醇的体积百分比为95%。
调配方法为：将亲油乳化剂加入到汽油中，机械搅拌混合；然后将亲水乳化剂以加入到含水乙醇溶液中机械搅拌混合；最后将乳化后的含水乙醇溶液注入到乳化后的汽油中机械搅拌混合，静止后可得到颜色透亮、不分层的微乳化含水乙醇汽油。
本实施例微乳化含水乙醇汽油在-10℃～40℃的温度范围内保持30天以上不出现分层。

Claims (2)

1.一种微乳化含水乙醇汽油，其特征在于由含水乙醇溶液、汽油、亲油乳化剂和亲水乳化剂复配而成：
其中，含水乙醇溶液、汽油、亲油乳化剂和亲水乳化剂的体积之比为18～22：178～182：0.5～1.5：0.5～1.5；
所述含水乙醇溶液中乙醇的体积百分比为95%；
所述亲油乳化剂由体积之比为5～6.5：0.5～1.5：0.5～1.8的山梨醇酐单
油酸酯、山梨醇酐三油酸酯和聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐单硬酸酯复配而成；
所述亲水乳化剂由体积之比为0.5～1.5：0.5～1.5：4.5～6：2～4的聚合度为10的辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚、聚合度为4的辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚、异丁醇以及异丙醇复配而成。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的微乳化含水乙醇汽油的调配方法，其特征在于具体步骤为：将亲油乳化剂加入到汽油中，混合均匀，得到第一混合物，然后将亲水乳化剂加入到含水乙醇溶液中，混合均匀，得到第二混合物；最后将第二混合物注入到第一混合物，混合均匀，静止，即得到微乳化含水乙醇汽油。
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7276093B1 (en) * 2000-05-05 2007-10-02 Inievep, S.A. Water in hydrocarbon emulsion useful as low emission fuel and method for forming same
CN101914396A (zh) * 2010-08-18 2010-12-15 上海化工研究院 一种车用甲醇汽油微乳液及其制备方法
CN104611073A (zh) * 2014-12-30 2015-05-13 海南大学 一种含水乙醇汽油及其制备方法

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7276093B1 (en) * 2000-05-05 2007-10-02 Inievep, S.A. Water in hydrocarbon emulsion useful as low emission fuel and method for forming same
CN101914396A (zh) * 2010-08-18 2010-12-15 上海化工研究院 一种车用甲醇汽油微乳液及其制备方法
CN104611073A (zh) * 2014-12-30 2015-05-13 海南大学 一种含水乙醇汽油及其制备方法

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