CN106418668B - 一种天然烟用香料复合酪氨酸酶抑制剂及应用 - Google Patents
一种天然烟用香料复合酪氨酸酶抑制剂及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/28—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances
- A24B15/30—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances by organic substances
- A24B15/302—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances by organic substances by natural substances obtained from animals or plants
- A24B15/303—Plant extracts other than tobacco
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/28—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances
- A24B15/30—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances by organic substances
- A24B15/301—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances by organic substances by aromatic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/28—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances
- A24B15/30—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances by organic substances
- A24B15/32—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances by organic substances by acyclic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/28—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances
- A24B15/30—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances by organic substances
- A24B15/36—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances by organic substances containing a heterocyclic ring
- A24B15/40—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances by organic substances containing a heterocyclic ring having only oxygen or sulfur as hetero atoms
- A24B15/403—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances by organic substances containing a heterocyclic ring having only oxygen or sulfur as hetero atoms having only oxygen as hetero atoms
- A24B15/406—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances by organic substances containing a heterocyclic ring having only oxygen or sulfur as hetero atoms having only oxygen as hetero atoms in a five-membered ring
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
- A24B3/12—Steaming, curing, or flavouring tobacco
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B9/00—Essential oils; Perfumes
- C11B9/02—Recovery or refining of essential oils from raw materials
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供一种天然烟用香料复合酪氨酸酶抑制剂及其应用。所述复合酪氨酸酶抑制剂是由以下质量百分数的物质组成:柠檬酸3~12%,槐花提取物10~40%,桑叶提取物10~40%,甘草提取物10~40%。本发明通过多种具有酪氨酸酶抑制活性的物质复配,从而通过各种物质的协同作用,从而提高复配组分对多酚氧化酶的抑制活性,对酪氨酸酶的抑制活性达到84%,添加复合酪氨酸酶抑制剂制备果汁香料品质明显提高,质量稳定,将该果汁香料添加到卷烟中,具有丰富卷烟香气、柔和细腻烟气的作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及新鲜的苹果、梨等天然香料的制备过程中的酶抑制剂,属于天然香料制备领域,具体是一种复合酪氨酸酶抑制剂及其使用方法。
背景技术
目前在制备苹果、梨等天然浆果类香料时,由于浆果中含有大量的酪氨酸酶,在机械破碎以后酪氨酸酶能够快速催化浆果中的多酚类物质反应生成褐色和黑色物质,极大的影响了浆果类香料的品质,造成批次波动大。添加酪氨酸酶抑制剂可以有效缓解苹果、梨等天然香料制备过程中的酶促褐变反应。
目前关于应用于水果蔬菜的酪氨酸酶抑制剂的专利公开如下:申请号200710052848.9;一种水生蔬菜保鲜剂。该保鲜剂由柠檬酸、氯化钙、三聚磷酸钠及维生素C的水溶液组成,组分的质量百分浓度为0.15~0.2%柠檬酸,0.5%氯化钙,0.3~0.5%三聚磷酸钠,0.15~0.2%维生素C。该抑制剂中含有氯化钙,作为烟用香料添加到卷烟中会影响卷烟的燃烧,含有维生素C本身并不稳定,容易氧化,从而失去抑制酶活性的作用。申请号201010602109.4;提供一种基于酪氨酸酶抑制剂的果蔬护色剂及其制备方法。其果蔬护色剂的组成及其按质量比的含量为:3,4-二羟基苯甲酸庚酯:柠檬酸:半胱氨酸:水杨酸:熊果苷为(0.3~0.5):(1.2~2.0):1:(0.8~12):(0.8~1.4)。将水杨酸溶解后与柠檬酸、半胱氨酸、熊果苷和3,4-二羟基苯甲酸庚酯混合,即得基于酪氨酸酶抑制剂的果蔬护色剂。该酶抑制剂的酸性过强,添加到卷烟中会带来刺激。申请号201110175088.7一种苹果汁及其制备方法,采用超高压杀菌减少苹果汁加工过程中由于热反应引发的酶促褐变。该方法属于物理方法,通过让酶失活来达到抑制酪氨酸酶活性的目的,但是效果有限。申请号201410172814.3;使用功率为700-900W的微波处理80-100秒,将微波处理后的苹果小块与曲酸和水的质量比为100:0.1-1:50-70。本发明利用微波和曲酸作为护色剂,显著降低了苹果汁的褐变程度。本专利是通过微波加热让部分酶失活,使用曲酸作用的方法抑制酶的活性,但是曲酸本身在卷烟中燃烧后会带来刺激和口腔残留。申请号201510061448.9;发明一种植物源的果蔬防褐变剂,该果蔬防褐变包括以下的成分:松针提取物和一年蓬提取物,可以抑制果蔬中酪氨酸酶延缓褐变效果。该方法使用的松针提取物不在卷烟添加剂安全名录中。申请号201510234403.7;发明一种鲜切果蔬褐变抑制剂,含有0.05%-0.5%质量分数的维生素C,含有质量分数0.01%-0.5%的2’,4’,7-三羟基二氢黄酮、质量分数0.01%-0.5%的2,2’,4,4’-四羟基查尔酮、质量分数0.01%-0.5%的1,3,5-三-(2,4-二羟基苯基)-戊烷1,5-二酮中的至少1种。该方法使用的维生素C稳定性差,容易在使用前就失去活性。申请号201610129127.2;发明了苹果酸抑制苹果汁褐变的方法,抑制率可达到50.20%。该专利单独使用苹果酸作用有限,且苹果酸使用过多会给卷烟带来刺激。
针对以上专利的不足,我们研制一种适合作为烟用香料中使用的酪氨酸酶抑制剂。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种适用于天然烟用香料中使用的复合酪氨酸酶抑制剂及应用。该抑制剂能够抑制苹果、梨等天然香料在制备过程中多酚类物质发生褐变。
本发明提供的技术方案:所述一种天然烟用香料复合酪氨酸酶抑制剂,其特征在于是由以下质量百分数的物质组成:柠檬酸3~12%,槐花提取物10~40%,桑叶提取物10~40%,甘草提取物10~40%;
其中所述槐花提取物的制备过程:取槐花,按照料液比1:8~1:15加入浓度40~80%的乙醇溶液回流提取两次,每次提取时间为50~70分钟,然后合并两次提取液,采用0.8μm滤膜过滤,将滤液浓缩至密度1.0~1.1g/cm3,即为槐花提取物;
所述桑叶提取物的制备过程:取桑叶,按照料液比1:6~1:15加入浓度为45~75%的乙醇溶液回流提取两次,每次提取时间为30~60分钟,合并两次提取液,采用0.8μm滤膜过滤,并将滤液浓缩至密度1.0~1.1g/cm3,即为桑叶提取物;
所述甘草提取物的制备过程:将甘草清洗干净,粉碎至40~80目,然后按照料液比1:6~1:15添加浓度40~80%的乙醇溶液超声提取两次,每次提取时间为30~60分钟,合并滤液,0.8μm滤膜过滤,浓缩至密度1.0~1.1g/cm3,即为甘草提取物。
本发明较优的技术方案:所述槐花提取物的制备过程中采用乙醇溶液进行两次回流提取的温度均为85~100℃。
本发明较优的技术方案:所述桑叶提取物的制备过程中采用两次乙醇溶液进行两次回流提取的温度为85~100℃。
本发明较优的技术方案:所述甘草提取物的在室温下进行超声提取,其提取过程中超声频率为:20KHZ~60KHZ。
本发明提供的一种天然烟用香料复合酪氨酸酶抑制剂的应用,其特征在于具体步骤如下:
(1)将上述复合酪氨酸酶抑制剂按照鲜果汁重量1%~8%的比例添加到新鲜果汁中,并搅拌均匀;
(2)将搅拌均匀的鲜果汁采用孔径为0.1μm-1μm陶瓷膜过滤,并将滤液采用双效浓缩设备浓缩至在20℃时其相对密度为1.3000±0.0080;
(3)在每公斤步骤(2)中的室温条件下的水果浓缩液中加入0.1~0.3公斤丙二醇、0.2~0.4公斤白砂糖和5~10g苯甲酸钠固体,并搅拌均匀,配制成天然烟用水果香料。
本发明较优的技术方案:所述鲜果汁是由新鲜水果采用榨汁机鲜榨而成的,所述复合酪氨酸酶抑制剂是在鲜果经过榨汁机榨汁以后立即加入到鲜榨果汁中,本发明中的水果汁可以是苹果汁、梨汁等新鲜水果汁。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下优点:
(1)本发明通过多种具有酪氨酸酶抑制活性的物质复配,从而通过各种物质的协同作用,从而提高复配组分对多酚氧化酶的抑制活性;
(2)本发明所述的复合多酚氧化酶的抑制剂为多种天然来源的提取物复配而成,制备工艺简单,容易工业化;
(3)本发明的复合酪氨酸酶抑制剂能够较好的抑制果汁的褐变,对酪氨酸酶的抑制活性达到84%,添加复合酪氨酸酶抑制剂制备果汁香料品质明显提高,质量稳定;
(4)将添加有本发明中所述的复合酪氨酸酶抑制剂的果汁香料添加到卷烟中,具有丰富卷烟香气、柔和细腻烟气的作用,不会给卷烟香气带来负面作用。
附图说明
图1为复合酪氨酸酶抑制剂及三种提取物对酪氨酸酶的抑制效果试验对比图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明做进一步说明。
实施例1,所述一种天然烟用香料复合酪氨酸酶抑制剂,是由以下质量百分数的物质组成:柠檬酸8%,槐花提取物25%,桑叶提取物30%,甘草提取物37%;
实施例1中的槐花提取物的制备过程:是将干槐花与浓度60%的乙醇溶液按照料液比1:8的比例混合,在温度为90℃条件下进行回流提取60分钟,收集滤渣再按照料液比1:8的比例加入浓度60%的乙醇溶液在温度为90℃条件下重复回流提取60分钟,合并两次提取液,并0.8μm的滤膜过滤除去杂质,并将滤液浓缩至密度1.1g/cm3,即为槐花提取物
实施例1中的桑叶提取物的制备过程:取干桑叶,按照料液比1:10的比例加入浓度为75%的乙醇溶液在温度为90℃条件下回流提取30分钟,收集滤渣再按照料液比1:10的比例加入浓度为75%的乙醇溶液在温度为90℃条件下重复回流提取30分钟,合并两次提取液,采用0.8μm滤膜过滤,并将滤液浓缩至密度1.0g/cm3,即为桑叶提取物;
实施例1中甘草提取物的制备过程:将甘草清洗干净,粉碎至40目,然后按照料液比1:10的比例添加浓度75%的乙醇溶液,在超声频率为20kHz~60kHz、常温下超声提取45分钟,然后过滤收集滤渣在同样的条件下重复超声提取45分钟,合并两次提取液使用0.8μm滤膜过滤,并将滤液浓缩至密度1.0~1.1g/cm3,即为甘草提取物。
使用实施例1中制备的复合酪氨酸酶抑制剂配制苹果香料具体步骤为:将复合的酪氨酸酶抑制剂按照苹果汁重量5%的比例,在苹果经过榨汁机榨汁以后立即加入到鲜榨苹果汁中,搅拌均匀,然后进行陶瓷膜过滤。采用双效浓缩设备浓缩,浓缩后相对密度(20℃)达1.3000±0.0080;在每公斤浓缩汁加入0.2公斤的丙二醇、0.3公斤的白砂糖,10g苯甲酸钠固体,搅拌均匀,即得苹果香料。
实施例2,所述一种天然烟用香料复合酪氨酸酶抑制剂,是由以下质量百分数的物质组成:柠檬酸10%,槐花提取物40%,桑叶提取物20%,甘草提取物30%。
实施例2中的槐花提取物的制备过程:取干槐花适量,按照料液比1:10添加浓度50%的乙醇溶液在温度为95℃条件下进行回流提取70分钟,收集滤渣再按照料液比1:10的比例加入浓度50%的乙醇溶液在温度为95℃条件下重复回流提取70分钟,合并两次提取液,并0.8μm的滤膜过滤除去杂质,并将滤液浓缩至密度1.1g/cm3,即为槐花提取物
实施例2中桑叶提取物的制备过程:取干桑叶,按照料液比1:6的比例加入浓度为75%的乙醇溶液在温度85℃回流提取45分钟,过滤收集滤渣再按照料液比1:6加入浓度为75%的乙醇溶液在同样条件下再次回流提取45分钟,合并两次提取液,采用0.8μm滤膜过滤,并将滤液浓缩至密度1.0~1.1g/cm3,即为桑叶提取物;
实施例2中所述甘草提取物的制备过程:将甘草清洗干净,粉碎至60目,然后按照料液比1:8添加浓度80%的乙醇溶液在超声频率为45kHz、常温条件下超声提取60分钟,过滤收滤渣再按照料液比1:8添加浓度80%的乙醇溶液在同样条件下重复提取60分钟,合并两次提取液,采用0.8μm滤膜过滤,滤液浓缩至密度1.0~1.1g/cm3,即为甘草提取物。
使用实施例2中制备的复合酪氨酸酶抑制剂配制梨香料具体步骤为:将上述复合的酪氨酸酶抑制剂按照梨汁重量6%的比例,在梨经过榨汁机榨汁以后立即加入到鲜榨梨汁中,搅拌均匀,然后进行陶瓷膜过滤。采用双效浓缩设备浓缩,浓缩后相对密度(20℃)达1.3000±0.0080;每公斤浓缩汁加入0.3公斤丙二醇、0.2公斤白砂糖,8g苯甲酸钠固体,搅拌均匀,即得梨汁香料。
实施例3,本发明分别对槐花提取物、桑叶提取物、甘草提取物及实施例1中配制的复合酶抑制剂对酪氨酸酶活力的影响做了实验。
具体测试方法为:先将300μL 3mmol/L的L-酪氨酸溶液与100μL磷酸盐缓冲液(pH6.8)充分混匀,取50μL不同浓度的槐花提取物加入混合液中混合均匀,置于30℃水浴中温浴10min后,加入100μL磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 6.8),在25℃条件下孵育10分钟后,立即在475nm处测定吸光度值为Ablank;
将300μL 3mmol/L的L-酪氨酸溶液与100μL磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 6.8)充分混匀,加入50μL磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 6.8),置于30℃水浴中温浴10min后,加入100μL蘑菇酪氨酸酶(1380U/mL),然后25℃条件下孵育10分钟后,立即在475nm处测定吸光度值为Acontrol;
将300μL 3mmol/L的L-酪氨酸溶液与100μL磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 6.8)充分混匀,取50μL不同浓度的槐花提取物加入混合液中混合均匀,置于30℃水浴中温浴10min后,加入100μL蘑菇酪氨酸酶(1380U/mL),25℃孵育10分钟后,立即在475nm处测定吸光度值为Atest sample;
然后根据上述测定的不同吸光度值,分别计算出添加不同浓度的槐花提取物的酪氨酸酶抑制率Inhibition(%),具体计算公式如下:
Inhibition(%)=(Atest sample–Ablank)/Acontrol×100
其中Acontrol为混合液添加了酪氨酸酶而没有加入受试样品的吸光度值;Ablank为混合液加入受试样品但是没有加入酪氨酸酶的吸光度值;Atest sample是混合液加入了受试样品和酪氨酸酶后的吸光度值。
重复上述实验依次计算出不同浓度桑叶提取物、甘草提取物及实施例1中配制的复合酶抑制剂的酪氨酸酶抑制率,并将四种不同抑制剂的酪氨酸酶抑制率进行对比,具体详见附图1。附图1中横坐标表示不同提取物的浓度,纵坐标表示对酶的抑制率,曲线a是不同浓度的槐花提取物的酪氨酸酶抑制率曲线,曲线b为不同浓度甘草提取物的酪氨酸酶抑制率曲线,曲线c为不同浓度的桑叶提取物的酪氨酸酶抑制率曲线,曲线d为不同浓度实施例1中的复合酪氨酸酶抑制剂的酪氨酸酶抑制率曲线。从附图1可以看出,本发明制备的复合酶抑制剂对于酪氨酸酶的抑制效果最好。
Claims (3)
1.一种天然烟用香料复合酪氨酸酶抑制剂,其特征在于是由以下质量百分数的物质组成:柠檬酸3~12%,槐花提取物10~40%,桑叶提取物10~40%,甘草提取物10~40%;
其中所述槐花提取物的制备过程:取槐花,按照料液比1:8~1:15加入浓度40~80%的乙醇溶液回流提取两次,每次提取时间为50~70分钟,提取温度为85~100℃,然后合并两次提取液,采用0.8μm滤膜过滤,将滤液浓缩至密度1.0~1.1g/cm3,即为槐花提取物;
所述桑叶提取物的制备过程:取桑叶,按照料液比1:6~1:15加入浓度为45~75%的乙醇溶液回流提取两次,每次提取时间为30~60分钟,提取温度为85~100℃,然后合并两次提取液,采用0.8μm滤膜过滤,并将滤液浓缩至密度1.0~1.1g/cm3,即为桑叶提取物;
所述甘草提取物的制备过程:将甘草清洗干净,粉碎至40~80目,然后按照料液比1:6~1:15添加浓度40~80%的乙醇溶液超声提取两次,每次提取时间为30~60分钟,超声频率为20kHz~60kHz,然后合并滤液,0.8μm滤膜过滤,浓缩至密度1.0~1.1g/cm3,即为甘草提取物。
2.一种权利要求1中所述的天然烟用香料复合酪氨酸酶抑制剂的应用,其特征在于具体步骤如下:
(1)将复合酪氨酸酶抑制剂按照新鲜果汁重量1%~8%的比例添加到新鲜果汁中,并搅拌均匀;
(2)将搅拌均匀的新鲜果汁采用孔径为0.1μm-1μm陶瓷膜过滤,并将滤液采用双效浓缩设备浓缩至在20℃时其相对密度为1.3000±0.0080;
(3)在每公斤步骤(2)中的室温条件下的水果浓缩液中加入0.1~0.3公斤丙二醇、0.2~0.4公斤白砂糖和5~10g苯甲酸钠固体,并搅拌均匀,配制成天然烟用水果香料。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种天然烟用香料复合酪氨酸酶抑制剂的应用,其特征在于:所述新鲜果汁是由新鲜水果采用榨汁机鲜榨而成的,所述复合酪氨酸酶抑制剂是在新鲜水果经过榨汁机榨汁以后立即加入到新鲜果汁中。
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