CN106414368A - 耐火陶瓷制品 - Google Patents

耐火陶瓷制品 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106414368A
CN106414368A CN201580027579.3A CN201580027579A CN106414368A CN 106414368 A CN106414368 A CN 106414368A CN 201580027579 A CN201580027579 A CN 201580027579A CN 106414368 A CN106414368 A CN 106414368A
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product
particle
coating
mass
mgo
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R.尼利卡
A.普拉策尔
C.皮里鲍尔
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Refractory Intellectual Property GmbH and Co KG
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Refractory Intellectual Property GmbH and Co KG
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Abstract

本发明涉及耐火陶瓷制品。

Description

耐火陶瓷制品
本发明涉及耐火陶瓷制品。
本发明中的术语“耐火陶瓷制品”特别意指使用温度超过600 ℃的陶瓷制品,优选意指依据DIN 51060的耐火材料,即熔锥当量 (Kegelfallpunkt) > SK 17的材料。该熔锥当量的测定特别可依据DIN EN 993-12进行。
如大多陶瓷制品那样,耐火陶瓷制品的特征通常是高的脆性。在该制品受机械应力时,特别是还有拉力作用在该制品上时,在该制品上可能出现裂纹,这最后可导致制品断裂。
通过降低耐火陶瓷制品的脆性,可提高其断裂韧性和由此提高其承受住脆性破坏的能力。
为了降低耐火陶瓷制品的脆性,已知向制品中加入所谓的增弹剂或增韧剂,通过它们降低制品的脆性并提高其断裂韧性。增弹剂通常是粒状的耐火矿物原料,其例如基于耐火基材如氧化镁 (MgO)、矾土 (Al2O3)、氧化镁-尖晶石 (MgO·Al2O3) 或镁橄榄石 (2MgO·SiO4)。该增弹剂的作用归因于它们的热膨胀系数与该耐火陶瓷的主要组分的热膨胀系数不同,以致在该制品的陶瓷烧制及其随后冷却的过程中出现增弹剂和主要组分之间的应力。由此在陶瓷制品中形成微裂纹。在机械外力作用于制品上时,该微裂纹抵消断裂能的一部分,由此可以降低该制品的脆性断裂的危险。
为了降低该耐火陶瓷制品的脆性,在其中使用这种增弹剂在原则上被证明是有效的。但在一些情况下,陶瓷主要组分和增韧剂的所希望的材料组合并不能实现,例如因为在这种制品的陶瓷烧制过程中出现主要组分和增弹剂之间的不希望的反应,该反应阻碍该增弹剂的应用。因此,例如在基于氧化镁 (MgO) 的耐火陶瓷制品中使用矾土 (Al2O3) 作为增弹剂是所希望的,因为矾土由于其与氧化镁不同的热膨胀系数而在原则上会适合作为基于氧化镁的耐火陶瓷制品的增弹剂。但在含有矾土形式的增韧剂的基于氧化镁的陶瓷制品的烧制时,可能由组分氧化镁和矾土形成氧化镁-尖晶石 (MgO·Al2O3)。但与矾土相比,氧化镁-尖晶石具有较低的密度,以致氧化镁-尖晶石的形成伴随着体积增大。由此,在陶瓷制品中会形成机械应力,该应力可导致该制品的受损或也可导致该制品的断裂。
本发明的目的在于,提供一种通过增弹剂提高其断裂韧性的耐火陶瓷制品,其中与现有技术相比,加宽可用于该制品的增弹剂的范围。
为了实现该目的,根据本发明提供一种耐火陶瓷制品,其结构具有下列特征:
由至少一种第一物质形成的基质;
向基质中嵌入由至少一种第二物质形成的颗粒;
由该第二物质形成的颗粒在表面上至少局部地具有由至少一种第三物质形成的涂层;
该第一和第二物质具有不同的热膨胀系数;
该第三物质在制品应用时是稳定的。
本发明的耐火陶瓷制品首先源于现有技术已知的具有增弹剂以提高断裂韧性的制品。就这点而言,本发明的耐火陶瓷制品的结构首先具有第一物质,该物质可构成该陶瓷制品的至少一种主要组分,优选构成该制品的最大的质量含量,并赋予该制品基本特性。该至少一种第一物质或该至少一种第一主要组分在制品中构成基质,其中嵌入由至少一种第二物质形成的颗粒。通过该第二物质具有不同于该至少一种第一物质的热膨胀系数,该第二物质构成该制品的增弹剂,由此如由现有技术已知那样在该制品的陶瓷烧制过程中在本发明的耐火陶瓷制品中产生微裂纹。
与具有现有技术的增弹剂的这类制品相比,本发明的耐火陶瓷制品的主要创新此时在于,在由第二物质形成的颗粒,即增弹剂在其表面上具有由至少一种在制品应用时稳定的物质形成的涂层。在这里称为第三物质的该涂层由于其在该制品应用时的稳定性而由此用作第一和第二物质之间或该主要组分和增弹剂之间的扩散阻隔物,以使得该扩散阻隔物在该制品受温度应力时阻止或至少基本上抑制第一和第二物质之间的反应。
由第三物质形成的在第一和第二物质之间的这一扩散阻隔物使得可用于该制品的增弹剂的范围比现有技术更宽,因为也可将只要该增弹剂不具有本发明的涂层,就会在制品应用时与主要组分产生不希望的反应的这种物质用作增弹剂,即本发明中的第二物质。
本发明的制品可具有一种或多种第一物质,即一种或多种主要组分。同样,本发明的制品可具有一种或多种第二物质,即一种或多种增弹剂。此外,本发明的制品还可具有一种或多种第三物质,即在该增弹剂表面上的扩散阻隔物。如果由于语言上的原因,该至少一种第一、第二和第三物质仅以单数形式用第一、第二和第三物质表示,当在制品中存在多种第一、第二或第三物质时,相应表述也同样适用。
除非在个别情况中另有注明,下面以质量-% 示出的数据表示基于本发明制品的总质量计各个成分的质量含量。
本发明的制品原则上可以是任意类型的耐火制品,例如是成型的耐火制品 (即耐火砖)、非成型的耐火制品 (如物料) 或功能性制品。本发明的制品优选为成型的耐火制品。
此外,本发明的制品还优选是烧结制品,即结合有陶瓷的耐火制品。
该第一物质可以以颗粒形式存在于制品中。在此,该第一物质的颗粒可呈相互烧结的颗粒的形式存在,以使得本发明制品的结构的由该第一物质形成的基质是由第一物质的相互烧结的颗粒形成的基质。
由该第一物质形成的颗粒可在该制品的整个体积中形成连贯的基质。
该第二物质以颗粒形式存在于本发明制品的结构中,其中将该颗粒嵌入到由第一物质形成的基质中。在此,由该第二物质形成的颗粒可以以由单个或相互烧结的颗粒形成的隔离岛的形式嵌入到由第一物质形成的基质中。由第二物质的单个或相互烧结的颗粒形成的这种隔离岛可以至少部分地越过由第三物质形成的涂层与该基质烧结。
由该第二物质形成的颗粒在其表面上至少局部地,优选完全地具有由至少一种第三物质形成的涂层。特别优选是,由该第二物质形成的颗粒平均在其至少表面的80 %上,特别优选平均在其表面的至少85、90或甚至95 %上具有由至少一种第三物质形成的涂层。由此确保该第三物质在第一和第二物质之间基本上起扩散阻隔物的作用,以使得在该制品应用时,第一和第二物质基本上不相互发生反应,并由此在制品中不产生不希望的反应产物。
根据本发明,该制品的“应用”意指该制品在主导条件下的预期使用目的,该主导条件即为该制品在该预期使用中要经受的条件,特别是在此主导的温度和气氛。因为耐火陶瓷制品通常经受在高温下,特别是约600 ℃ 至约2000 ℃ 的温度范围的应用,所以如果制品经受例如超过600 ℃、800 ℃、1000 ℃、1200 ℃、1300 ℃、1400 ℃或超过1500 ℃的温度,则该第三物质例如那时也是稳定的。
在制品应用时,特别是例如如果该制品经受前述温度时第三物质是“稳定的”,那么根据本发明这表示,在该制品应用时该第三物质构成用于第一和第二物质的扩散阻隔物。因而,在该制品应用时,该第三物质呈如下情况存在,即其完全抑制或基本上阻止第一物质与该第二物质的反应,以使得在该制品应用时,不出现或基本上不出现第一和第二物质之间的不希望的反应。
此外,该第三物质还如下构成,以使其在该制品应用时不受破损且不形成熔体。就这点而言,根据本发明可特别设定,在由该第一和第三物质形成的以及由该第二和第三物质形成的物质体系中的不变点分别高于该制品的应用温度。
该第一、第二和第三物质构成该制品的结构的相,即矿物相。
该至少一种第一物质基本上可以是一种或多种任意的矿物相,该矿物相作为耐火陶瓷制品的矿物主相或主要组分是现有技术已知的。特别是该第一物质可以基于下列的氧化物或化合物的一种或多种形成:MgO、Al2O3、Fe2O3、SiO2、CaO、Cr2O3、ZrO2、Mn2O3、TiO2或者这些氧化物的一种或多种化合物例如氧化镁-尖晶石 (MgO·Al2O3)、铁尖晶石 (MgO·Fe2O3)、锰尖晶石 (MgO·Mn2O3) 或镁橄榄石 (2 MgO·SiO4)。
优选存在基于下列氧化物中至少一种的第一物质:MgO、Al2O3或CaO。特别优选可存在基于MgO的第一物质。
通过存在“基于”这里所述的氧化物或化合物的物质,根据本发明这表示,该物质主要由所涉及的氧化物或化合物形成,例如基于各种物质计以至少80、85或90质量%的含量。该物质的剩余质量含量可由作为杂质或次要成分例如通过用于制备各种物质的原料而引入该制品中的组分形成。如果存在例如基于MgO的第一物质,则MgO例如可基于原料烧结氧化镁或熔体氧化镁引入到该制品中,以使得除MgO外还可含有在烧结氧化镁或熔体氧化镁中除MgO外还存在的典型杂质或次要成分。这例如可特别是Fe2O3、CaO、SiO2和Al2O3
该第二物质原则上可以是任意的物质,只要其具有不同于该第一物质的热膨胀系数,并由此基本上可起到用于第一物质的增弹剂的作用。
例如该至少一种第二物质可以是用于形成该第一物质的物质的一种或多种。就这点而言,该第二物质例如可基于下列氧化物或化合物的一种或多种形成:MgO、Al2O3、Fe2O3、SiO2、CaO、Cr2O3、ZrO2、Mn2O3、TiO2或者这些氧化物的一种或多种化合物例如氧化镁-尖晶石、铁尖晶石、锰尖晶石或镁橄榄石。
优选是可存在基于下列氧化物或化合物中一种或多种的第二物质:Al2O3、MgO、SiO2、ZrO2或者这些氧化物的一种或多种化合物例如氧化镁-尖晶石或镁橄榄石。
特别优选是存在基于Al2O3的第二物质。
该第一和第二物质在其组成,特别是其化学组成以及在其物理特性方面优选是相互不同的。
该第三物质原则上可以是任意的物质,其在该制品应用时是稳定的,并由此在第一和第二物质之间形成扩散阻隔物。
该第三物质特别在其组成方面,尤其是其化学组成方面优选不同于该第二物质和/或第一物质。此外,如前所述,该第三物质优选如下选择,以使得在由第二和第三物质形成的双物质体系中以及在由第一和第三物质形成的双物质体系中的不变点分别高于本发明制品的应用温度,从而在该制品的应用时,由第三物质形成的涂层不形成熔体相。
特别是在考虑到该至少一种第三物质根据本发明应满足的前述条件的情况下,可选择该至少一种第三物质。尤其是如果该第一物质和第二物质是基于前述氧化物或化合物形成,则可存在基于下列物质中至少一种的第三物质:锌尖晶石、氧化镁-尖晶石、镁橄榄石、富铝红柱石 (3 Al2O3·2 SiO2)、锆酸钙 (CaO·ZrO2) 或AB2O4 (其中A = Al、Cr或Fe3+且B = Mg、Zn、Fe、Mn或Ni)。
如果存在基于MgO的第一物质和基于Al2O3的第二物质,则根据本发明,由基于锌尖晶石的第三物质形成的涂层被证明是特别有利的。
锌尖晶石 (ZnO·Al2O3;ZnAl2O4) 在嵌入到基于MgO形式的主要组分的基质中的基于Al2O3的颗粒上形成涂层,该涂层在相应制品应用时是稳定的,并由此在MgO和Al2O3之间起扩散阻隔物的作用。借此,在该制品应用时,该MgO可以不与增韧剂的Al2O3发生反应生成氧化镁-尖晶石。由此,该基于Al2O3的颗粒在基于MgO的基质中保持稳定,以使得该基于Al2O3的颗粒由于其不同于MgO的热膨胀系数可完全施展其作为增弹剂的作用,并抑制在MgO和Al2O3之间形成不希望的矿物相反应。此外,在所涉及的多物质体系中的不变点是如此之高,以使得其通常高于在该制品应用时主导的温度,从而使例如锌尖晶石、镁橄榄石或富铝红柱石形式的涂层在该制品应用时不形成熔体相。
该至少一种第一物质通常形成本发明制品的主要组分,并在此例如可以以至少60质量% 的含量存在,即例如也以至少65、70、72、74、75、76、77、78、79、80、81、82、83或84质量% 的含量存在。此外例如还可设定,该至少一种第一物质以最高97质量% 的含量存在于配料中,即例如也以最高96、95、94、93、92、91、90、89或88质量% 的含量存在。
该至少一种第二物质是本发明制品的增弹剂,并在此例如可以以相应增弹剂通常存在于耐火陶瓷制品中的含量存在。例如该至少一种第二物质可以以至少1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10质量% 的含量存在于配料中。此外,该至少一种第二物质还可以以最高30、25、24、22、20、19、18、17、16、15、14、13、12或11质量% 的含量存在于配料中。
所述制品中该至少一种第三物质的质量含量通常可取决于本发明制品中该至少一种第二物质的质量含量。因为该至少一种第三物质作为涂层存在于该至少一种第二物质的颗粒上,所以在制品中该至少一种第二物质的质量含量越高,则该至少一种第三物质的质量含量也越高。例如基于制品中该至少一种第二物质的质量含量计,该至少一种第三物质的质量含量可为8-75质量%,即基于制品中该至少一种第二物质的质量含量计,例如也可为至少12、16、20且例如也最高50、35或30质量%。例如在制品中该至少一种第三物质的含量可为至少0.4质量%,即例如也可为至少0.6质量%、0.8质量%、1.0质量%、1.2质量%、1.4质量%、1.6质量%、1.8质量%、2.2质量%、2.4质量%、2.5质量%、2.6质量% 或2.7质量%。此外,在制品中该至少一种第三物质的含量例如可为最高20质量%,即例如也可为最高15质量%、12质量%、10质量%、9质量%、8质量%、7质量%、6质量%、5质量%、4.5质量%、4质量%、3.5质量%、3.3质量%、3.2质量%、3.1质量%、3.0质量% 或2.9质量%。
该至少一种第一、第二和第三物质可基于前述氧化物和化合物存在于制品中。此外,该至少一种第一、第二和第三物质也可以下面表1中示出的物质形式存在。在此,由该至少一种第一、第二和第三物质形成的优选组合示于表1中的每一行中,其中用制品编号1-14在每行中分别示出一种制品,其具有后续各列中示出的第一、第二和第三物质以及每种物质体系的各自的熔点以及不变点:
为了可用作本发明制品的由至少一种第一物质形成的基质的增弹剂,该至少一种第二物质具有不同于该至少一种第一物质的热膨胀系数。根据本发明可特别设定,基于该第一物质的热膨胀系数计,该第二物质的热膨胀系数比该第一物质的热膨胀系数大或小至少10 %。按此,例如该第二物质的热膨胀系数比该第一物质的热膨胀系数也可大或小至少15、20、25、30、35、40、45或50 %。该第二物质的热膨胀系数优选以上述程度小于该第一物质的热膨胀系数。
热膨胀系数在这里定义为该各种物质的线性膨胀系数α,即在温度变化和与此相伴的相对长度变化之间的比例常数。
该第二物质的[10-6 K]为单位的热膨胀系数α可比该第一物质的热膨胀系数例如大或小至少1、2、3、4或5 [10-6 K]。
如果该制品具有多种第一和/或第二物质,则该上面的关于在第一和第二物质之间的不同热膨胀系数的表述适用于由第一和第二物质形成的组合的至少一种,但优选适用于由第一和第二物质形成的所有组合。
优选设定,该第二物质的颗粒的粒度基于该第一物质的颗粒的粒度计为中等粒度范围。例如可设定,该第二物质的颗粒的粒度处于该第一物质的最小颗粒和最大颗粒的粒度之间。例如该第一物质的颗粒的至少10或20质量% (基于该第一物质的总质量计) 的粒度可小于该第二物质的颗粒的至少95质量% (基于该第二物质的总质量计) 的粒度。此外,例如该第一物质的颗粒的至少10或20质量% (基于该第一物质的总质量计) 的粒度也可大于该第二物质的颗粒的至少95质量% (基于该第二物质的总质量计) 的粒度。
该第一和第二物质的颗粒的绝对粒度原则上是任意的,并可根据通过现有技术已知的形成由主要组分构成的基质与嵌入其中的增弹剂颗粒的那些颗粒的粒度来选择。例如可设定,该第一物质的颗粒的100质量% 或至少90质量% (基于该第一物质的总质量计) 的粒度为 > 0-10 mm或 > 0-9 mm、> 0-8 mm、> 0-7 mm、> 0-6 mm或 > 0-5 mm。
关于该第二物质的颗粒可设定,例如其全部或至少90质量% (基于该第二物质的总质量计) 的粒度为0.5-7 mm,即例如也为0.5-6 mm、0.5-5mm、0.5-4mm、0.5-3 mm、1-7mm、1-6 mm、1-5 mm、1-4 mm或1-3 mm。
根据本发明已表明,当在由第二物质形成的颗粒上的第三物质的涂层以尽可能小的厚度存在时,这对第二物质作为增弹剂的有效性是有利的。但同时,该第二物质上的第三物质的涂层应以这样的厚度存在,以使得可完全或基本上抑制第一和第二物质之间的反应。就这点而言,当该第二物质上的第三物质的涂层的厚度平均为该第二物质的颗粒 (包括涂层) 的平均直径的最高20 %,例如甚至平均为该第二物质的颗粒的平均直径的最高15、10或5 % 时,则表明是有利的。此外,该第二物质上的第三物质的涂层的厚度平均可为该第二物质的颗粒 (包括涂层) 的平均直径的至少1、2或3 %。
该第二物质的颗粒的平均粒径例如可根据DIN EN 933-1∶2012测定。
例如该第二物质上的第三物质的涂层的厚度平均为至少5 µm,即例如平均也为至少10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50、55、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95或100 µm。此外,该第二物质上的第三物质的涂层的厚度平均为最高1000 µm,即例如平均也为最高900、800、700、600、500、400或300 µm。
为了制备本发明的制品,基本上可采用现有技术已知的用于由形成基质的主要组分与其中嵌入的增弹剂来制备耐火陶瓷制品的技术。现有技术已知的用于制备耐火陶瓷制品的这些技术与可用于制备本发明制品的技术的区别可在于,在用于制备本发明制品的技术中,在增弹剂,即第二物质的颗粒上可形成本发明中的至少一种第三物质形式的涂层。
根据现有技术,为了制备本发明的制品,可首先提供一种配料,其包含由该至少一种第一物质形成的颗粒以及由该至少一种第二物质形成的颗粒。由该第二物质形成的颗粒可具有涂层,该涂层已是该至少一种第三物质或由该涂层在配料经陶瓷烧制成本发明的陶瓷制品时形成该第三物质。
如由现有技术已知,该配料含有生粘合剂 (Grünbinder),以使由该配料形成的未经烧制的物体,即所谓的坯体具有坯体稳定性。该坯体可任选在预先的干燥后进行陶瓷烧制,以使得通过该陶瓷烧制和在随后的冷却后形成耐火陶瓷制品。该烧制特别在使配料的颗粒相互烧结并由此形成烧结的耐火陶瓷体的温度下进行。
如果由该第二物质形成的颗粒已经以具有已是第三物质的涂层的形式存在于该配料中,则这种颗粒例如可在分开的方法步骤中制备。为此,可对由该第二物质形成的颗粒例如配备涂层,在其上在烧制时形成该第三物质形式的涂层。对此,该经相应涂覆的颗粒例如经受烧制,以使得在由该第二物质形成的颗粒上形成由该第三物质形成的涂层。接着,将该相应经第三物质涂覆的由第二物质形成的颗粒加入到为制备本发明制品而提供的配料中。
替代地例如可设定,对由第二物质形成的颗粒配备一种涂层,由该涂层形成第三物质的涂层,但其中该经相应涂覆的颗粒在其加入到用于制备本发明制品的配料中之前未经烧制。在此情况下,在由第二物质形成的颗粒上的第三物质形式的涂层在本发明制品的陶瓷烧制时才形成。
上述的技术例如可用于使用锌尖晶石或镁橄榄石形式的第三物质对由基于Al2O3的第二物质形成的颗粒涂进行涂覆。该经相应涂覆的颗粒可用作基于MgO的颗粒形式的主要组分的增弹剂。
替代地,也可对由第二物质形成的颗粒配备一种涂层,由该涂料在烧制时作为该涂层和由第二物质形成的颗粒的反应产物而形成第三物质形式的涂层。例如,对由基于Al2O3的第二物质形成的颗粒涂覆氧化锌 (ZnO),以使得在该经相应涂覆的颗粒烧制时,在其表面上形成锌尖晶石形式的第三物质形式的涂层。该颗粒的烧制可在将该经涂覆的颗粒添加到用于制备本发明制品的配料中之前进行。但锌尖晶石形式的第三物质形式的涂层也可例如通过以下方式形成,即在配料中存在未经烧结的涂有氧化锌的基于Al2O3的颗粒,并在该配料烧结时才形成锌尖晶石层。在此情况下,除涂有氧化锌的基于Al2O3的颗粒外,该配料例如还可含有基于MgO的颗粒作为主要组分或第一物质。
替代地例如还可设定,由该第二物质形成的颗粒具有一种涂层,该涂层在制品的陶瓷烧制时与第一物质形成反应产物,该反应产物形成第三物质。例如由基于Al2O3的第二物质形成的颗粒具有基于SiO2的涂层,其中在配料中除作为主要组分的由基于MgO的第一物质形成的颗粒外,还存在该经相应涂覆的颗粒。在由这种配料形成的制品的陶瓷烧制时,该基于MgO的颗粒与在由第二物质形成的颗粒上的SiO2形式的涂层发生反应,并由此在由第二物质形成的颗粒上形成镁橄榄石形式的第三物质形式的涂层。
为了在由第二物质形成的颗粒上施加涂层,本领域技术人员可采用现有技术对此已知的方法,例如经气相 (如CVD或PVD)、喷雾、造粒施加或经溶液 (如经溶胶-凝胶法) 施加。
本发明制品的陶瓷烧制的烧制温度可根据现有技术已知的用于烧结陶瓷体的温度来选择。该相应温度是本领域技术人员已知的。例如该烧制温度可为1300-1500 ℃。
下面详述本发明的实施例。
为了制备本发明的制品,首先提供一种配料,其含有基于该配料的总质量计含量为87质量% 的烧结氧化镁 (其MgO的含量基于烧结氧化镁颗粒的总质量计为> 90质量%)的颗粒作为主要组分。该烧结氧化镁颗粒的粒度为 > 0-10 mm。
除烧结氧化镁的颗粒外,在配料中还存在烧结刚玉 (其Al2O3的含量基于烧结刚玉颗粒的总质量计为> 90质量%) 的颗粒,该颗粒经氧化锌 (ZnO) 涂覆。该经相应涂覆的颗粒的质量含量基于该配料的总质量计为13质量%。在该经涂覆的颗粒中,氧化锌涂层的质量含量基于该配料的总质量计为3质量%。该经涂覆的颗粒的粒度为1-3 mm。该烧结刚玉的颗粒在制品中形成第二物质的颗粒,而由在该烧结刚玉的颗粒上的涂层在制品的陶瓷烧制期间形成该第三物质形式的涂层。
在该配料中加入生粘合剂,接着将该配料混合,并最后经压制成坯体。然后将该坯体干燥,并最后经约5小时进行陶瓷烧制,其中坯体的一部分暴露在约1400 ℃的温度下,另一部分在约1500 ℃的温度下。在烧制后得到本发明的制品。
在陶瓷烧制期间,该烧结氧化镁的颗粒形成由基于MgO的烧结颗粒构成的基质。该烧结刚玉的颗粒形成基于Al2O3的颗粒形式的第二物质。此外,氧化锌涂层与烧结刚玉的颗粒的Al2O3发生反应,并由此在这些颗粒上形成锌尖晶石形式的涂层。这种锌尖晶石形式的涂层是该第三物质形成的涂层。这种锌尖晶石形式的涂层阻止第一物质颗粒中的MgO与第二物质颗粒中的Al2O3反应成氧化镁-尖晶石。由此,该基于Al2O3的颗粒可在制品中有效地起增弹剂的作用,因为这种颗粒的Al2O3不与或仅以无足轻重的份额与基于MgO的颗粒的MgO反应成氧化镁-尖晶石。
鉴于烧制温度已发现,在1500 ℃下烧制的制品中,在烧结刚玉的颗粒上所形成的锌尖晶石的量和由此形成的涂层厚度大于在1300 ℃下烧制的制品的。
图1-3示出根据前述实施例制备的制品的磨面试片 (Anschliff) 的放大视图。在此,图1示出在1300 ℃下烧制的制品的截面的视图,图2和3示出在1500 ℃下烧制的制品的截面的视图。
图1示出约1.27 x 0.95 mm的截面。图中心下面的白条对应于100 µm的长度。可看出由烧结氧化镁形式的第一物质形成的在图1中显示黑色的基质3。在基质3中嵌入有由刚玉形式的第二物质形成的颗粒1,其显示深灰色。存在于颗粒1表面上的锌尖晶石第三物质的涂层2在图1中显示为围绕颗粒1的浅灰色边缘。涂层2的厚度为约10-30 µm;涂层2的厚度平均为约20 µm。
图2中示出根据图1相同尺寸的制品的截面。该烧结氧化镁的基质还是用标号3表示。在嵌入到基质3中的刚玉大颗粒1上可特别清楚看出锌尖晶石的涂层2。由于较高的烧制温度,该锌尖晶石的涂层2具有较大的厚度,即约50-150 µm;涂层2的厚度平均为约100 µm。
图3示出根据图2的制品的更大的放大截面。这一显示的截面的尺寸为约270 x200 µm。可看出具有锌尖晶石涂层2的刚玉颗粒1的边缘区域的一部分。在涂层2朝向氧化镁基质3的侧面上,该涂层2除锌尖晶石外还具有含氧化镁成分的区域,并且在其朝向刚玉颗粒1的侧面上具有含刚玉成分的区域。例如,在涂层2的内部中的ZnO与Al2O3的质量含量比为约44.4比55.6,由此大致对应于锌尖晶石中这些氧化物相互的化学计量比。与此相反,例如在涂层2的区域4中的ZnO与Al2O3的质量含量比为约21比79。

Claims (9)

1.耐火陶瓷制品,其结构具有下列特征:
由至少一种第一物质形成的基质;
向该基质中嵌入由至少一种第二物质形成的颗粒;
由该第二物质形成的颗粒在其表面上至少局部地具有由至少一种第三物质形成的涂层;
该第一和第二物质具有不同的热膨胀系数;
该第三物质在制品应用时是稳定的。
2.根据权利要求1的制品,其呈烧结制品的形式。
3.根据上述权利要求至少之一的制品,其含有基于下列氧化物或化合物中一种或多种的第一物质:MgO、Al2O3、Fe2O3、SiO2、CaO、Cr2O3、ZrO2、Mn2O3、TiO2或者化合物氧化镁-尖晶石、铁尖晶石、锰尖晶石或镁橄榄石的一种或多种。
4.根据上述权利要求至少之一的制品,其含有基于下列氧化物或其化合物中一种或多种的第二物质:Al2O3、MgO、SiO2或ZrO2
5.根据上述权利要求至少之一的制品,其含有基于下列物质中至少一种的第三物质:锌尖晶石、氧化镁-尖晶石、镁橄榄石、富铝红柱石、锆酸钙或AB2O4 (其中A = Al3+、Cr3+ 或Fe3+ 且B = Mg2+、Zn2+、Fe2+、Mn2+ 或Ni2+)。
6.根据上述权利要求至少之一的制品,其中该涂层厚度为5-300 µm。
7.根据上述权利要求至少之一的制品,其含有呈相互烧结颗粒形式的第一物质。
8.根据上述权利要求至少之一的制品,其中基于该第一物质的热膨胀系数计,该第二物质的热膨胀系数比该第一物质的热膨胀系数大或小至少10 %。
9.根据上述权利要求至少之一的制品,其中该第二物质的颗粒的粒度处于该第一物质的最小颗粒和最大颗粒的粒度之间。
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