CN106414034B - 使用电磁波将柔性覆盖层粘合到支承件上的方法和机器以及由此获得的内衬 - Google Patents

使用电磁波将柔性覆盖层粘合到支承件上的方法和机器以及由此获得的内衬 Download PDF

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CN106414034B
CN106414034B CN201580026982.4A CN201580026982A CN106414034B CN 106414034 B CN106414034 B CN 106414034B CN 201580026982 A CN201580026982 A CN 201580026982A CN 106414034 B CN106414034 B CN 106414034B
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supporting member
electromagnetic wave
shell
machine
coating
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CN106414034A (zh
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C·吉扬
M·吉扬
J·吉扬
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C-GEX SYSTEMS
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C-GEX SYSTEMS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/06—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the heating method
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C63/00—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C63/02—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor using sheet or web-like material
    • B29C63/16—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor using sheet or web-like material applied by "rubber" bag or diaphragm
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1403—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the type of electromagnetic or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1425—Microwave radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
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    • B29C65/1429—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1435—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. transmission welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
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    • B29C65/1487—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation making use of light guides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
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    • B29C65/4815—Hot melt adhesives, e.g. thermoplastic adhesives
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
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    • B29C65/483—Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
    • B29C65/4845—Radiation curing adhesives, e.g. UV light curing adhesives
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种热粘合机器(1)和方法，所述热粘合机器和方法使用电磁波(13)、例如微波的发射，所述电磁波穿过通过含有水分的气体流态化的颗粒床(4)，以活化放置在支承件与一层或多层柔性覆盖层之间的一层或多层粘合剂层。本发明还扩展到一种多层的内衬，所述内衬包括至少一层非渗透层并且由唯一操作获得。

Description

使用电磁波将柔性覆盖层粘合到支承件上的方法和机器以及 由此获得的内衬
技术领域
本发明涉及一种将柔性覆盖层粘合到支承件上的方法和机器，所述方法和机器使用电磁波的扩散以改变放置在要粘合的两个表面之间的粘合剂的状态，以例如将由布或皮革制成的罩粘合到支承件上，以便制成座椅的内衬(garniture)，所述支承件由框架构成并且为泡沫形式的。本发明还扩展到一种根据该方法获得的内衬。
背景技术
例如从文件EP0350979已知一种包覆方法和机器，所述包覆方法和机器使用通过热气体流流态化的颗粒床，在所述颗粒床上置放有由布制成的罩，所述罩上预先涂有热活化粘合剂，在所述热活化粘合剂上施加要包覆的支承件。经证实使用热气体来活化粘合剂几乎不经济和不符合人机工程学，散布的热气体增加了工作岗位的温度并且构成了能量的浪费。
已研究其它的方案，例如利用高频率的电磁波。文件US5254197因此描述了一种将柔性覆盖层粘合到由泡沫制成的支承件上的方法和机器，所述方法和机器通过使用微波流来加热水滴，所述水滴是粘合剂制剂的一部分或者分布在粘合剂层上方或下方。在该文件中，所述覆盖层和所述粘合剂膜放置在成形模具上(所述成形模具对于微波是惰性的)，并且通过抽吸而维持在所述成形模具上。在第一实施例中，当加热所述粘合剂膜时微波发射器暂时放置在所述由泡沫制成的支承件与所述覆盖层之间，然后移除所述发射器，并且将所述支承件压在所述粘合剂膜上。该实施例具有的缺点在于在施加所述支承件之前终止了所述粘合剂的加热，而不能够在施压时控制粘合剂温度。第二实施例设想在工业微波炉内部将所述支承件压在所述覆盖层和所述成形模具上，然后致动围绕所述组件放置的微波发射器。在该情形下，所述覆盖层和所述粘合剂膜通过抽吸而维持在所述成形模具上，这种维持具有的缺点在于将水抽吸到所述成形模具中，不能够精确地管理热量，并因此不能够精确地管理如此执行的粘合效果。此外，足以用于补偿该抽吸的足够量水的喷雾或者使用包括大量水的粘合剂可损坏要粘合的覆盖层的某些材料(例如皮革)。在所有情形下，该方法具有的缺点在于使用极其昂贵的穿孔形模具，所述穿孔形模具用于要制造的产品的每个形状。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种将覆盖层粘合到支承件上的方法和机器，所述方法和机器不具有现有技术的缺点。
本发明旨在提供一种机器，这种机器能够通过使用粘合方法来改善人员的工作质量。
本发明还旨在提供一种机器和方法，这种机器和方法能够改善工作岗位的生产率，所述工作岗位装备有根据本发明的机器并且实施所述方法。
本发明还旨在提供一种机器，这种机器能够相对于已知的热气体式装置节省大量的能量。
为此，本发明涉及一种用于将柔性覆盖层热粘合到支承件上的机器，所述机器的类型为包括：
-壳体，所述壳体包括气体分配器、扩散格栅、可通过气体流流态化的颗粒床和柔性盖布，
-气体供应系统，
-压缩构件，所述压缩构件能够将所述支承件压在所述颗粒床上，其特征在于
-所述气体供应系统包括部件，所述部件用于提供具有70％至100％的相对湿度的气体流，
-所述壳体包括至少一个电磁波发射器，所述电磁波发射器放置成使得所述波沿所述压缩构件的方向定向。
由于借助于潮湿气体流体化的床(所述经流体化的床能够将水分子扩散到要粘合的不同层中以及扩散到所述经流体化的床自身中)与电磁波发射器(所述电磁波发射器的属性在于激励水分子并且使温度升高)的组合，发明者能够观察到本方案相较于在以热空气流态化的床中所需的大约一至几分钟的时间，极快地(以几秒甚至几十秒)获得所述粘合剂层位置处温度的升高。由于这些极短的时长，所述经流态化的床保持室温或者变得微温，但不再引起在以热空气流态化的床中逸散的热量白白地散失。因此大大改善了工作岗位的热环境并且降低了能量的浪费。
有利地，根据本发明，每个波发射器包括电磁波发生器、波导和天线，所述天线放置在所述颗粒床下方并且适用于按照以天线为中心的立体角扩散电磁波，并且所述立体角具有的角度适用于遮住所述支承件。因此，根据所需的功率，可限定从一个发生器或磁控管至多个发生器的多种配置，在使用一个发生器或磁控管的配置中，所述一个发生器或磁控管直接放置在所述颗粒床下方(例如在气体分配器的空腔中)，并且沿所述压缩构件的方向上的竖直轴线直接发射，在使用多个发生器的配置中，所述多个发生器通过所述波导与所述天线联接，所述天线分配在所述颗粒床下方并且定向成根据合适的定向角覆盖所述颗粒床的对应于支承件表面的表面。因此优选实施例可包括与四个波导连接的磁控管，所述四个波导与四个喇叭形天线联接，所述四个喇叭形天线放置在所述颗粒床的四个角落并且在支承件以不同角度紧贴在所述颗粒床上时分别遮住对应于支承件表面的表面。
有利地，根据本发明，所述壳体被包含在金属的外壳中，所述外壳适用于将电磁波容纳在所述外壳内部。为了确保在所述机器上或附近工作的人员的安全，所述壳体放置在形成法拉第笼的导电外壳中，以便避免电磁波的任何泄漏。所述外壳可至少部分由(例如金属或镀金属的)导电金属板或者由导电格栅或金属网形成。形成所述外壳的所有元件之间电气地联接并且所述元件接地。
有利地，根据本发明，所述外壳包括门，所述门适用于能够使所述柔性覆盖层和所述支承件进入到所述外壳内部。而且所述外壳可包括同样由导电材料制成的称为上下移动式(à guillotine)的滑动门，所述滑动门能够达到所述颗粒床的表面以及所述压缩构件，以便将要粘合的覆盖层安装到所述颗粒床上并且将所述支承件安装到所述压缩构件上。该门有利地包括安全装置，所述安全装置在所述门未关闭时禁止所述一个或多个电磁波发生器的供应。
有利地，根据本发明，所述机器包括处在所述外壳内部的至少一个波搅拌器，所述波搅拌器用于分配电磁波。在所述外壳内部使用一个或多个波搅拌器(优选地安装在该外壳的上部上)能够沿颗粒床的方向发送电磁波，以便消除任选的“阴影区域”，所述“阴影区域”可危害将所述覆盖层粘合到所述支承件上的常规粘合。
本发明还扩展到一种将柔性覆盖层热粘合到支承件上的方法，所述方法的类型为使用具有任意其中一项上述特征的机器，在所述方法中使用压缩构件，所述压缩构件能够将所述支承件压在通过气体流流态化的颗粒床上，所述气体流由壳体中的气体供应系统产生，所述壳体包括气体分配器、扩散格栅、颗粒床和柔性盖布，所述方法的特征在于：
-至少将所述覆盖层、粘合剂层和所述支承件按该顺序堆积在所述盖布上，
-使用潮湿的气体流，以使所述颗粒床流体化，
-将所述压缩构件施加到所述支承件上，以便将所述支承件压在所述覆盖层上，
-改变气体的供应，以便使颗粒床固化，
-触发电磁波发射器，以便至少加热所述粘合剂层，
-维持波的发射达预定时间，所述预定时间适用于活化粘合剂层，
-停止波的发射，使所述压缩构件上升并且卸载经覆盖有所述覆盖层的支承件。
由于使用潮湿气体来使所述颗粒床流体化，所述颗粒床具有(相对于通过干燥空气获得的流动性)更小的流动性，当将压缩构件施加到经流体化的颗粒床上时，能够在第一时间获得所述覆盖层和所述粘合剂层在所述支承件上的更好包覆。此外，只需减少潮湿气体的流量(例如从每分钟10m3至每分钟2m3)来使所述颗粒床固化，并且能够将较大的压力施加到层堆上。发明者还注意到在施加电磁波的期间施加在层堆上的压力能够使所述粘合剂层加速到达温度，从而引起所述覆盖层粘合在所述支承件上。然而，从停止电磁波的发射起，由于气体在室温下的扩散，所述粘合剂层极快冷却，这能够相对于使用热气体的现有技术的方法使粘合剂快速凝固以及使循环时间缩短。当且仅当电磁波发射时，在几秒至几十秒的时长期间，所述粘合剂层因此根据所使用的功率而活化。可测量出只需使用大约800W至1kW的辐射功率达十来秒来实施令人满意的粘合，表现出相对于在热气体式粘合机中的恒定地消耗6kW节省了大量的能量，由于所需的冷却时间，所述热气体式粘合机只允许每个所生产零件一至两分钟的循环时间。
有利地，根据本发明，使用气体的水分来使所述粘合剂层潮湿，以便使所述粘合剂层在电磁波作用下反应。在第一施压阶段之前和期间的潮湿气体(水分子载体)的流通可增加粘合剂层的湿度，从而增加所述粘合剂层在电磁波作用下的反应性，而无需如已知方法中在所述粘合剂层上方和下方进行额外喷洒。
有利地，根据本发明，所使用的支承件包括未组装在一起的泡沫层、粘合剂层和成形板，并且所述支承件的组装与所述覆盖层在所述支承件上的粘合同时实施。由于使用无困难地渗透层堆的电磁波来直接加热粘合剂层，观察到与使用从覆盖层外层导热的方法相反，仍可同时实施多个粘合。因此可通过将所述泡沫层粘合到由胶合板或合成材料制成的刚性成形板(例如，座椅的椅背或椅座的框架)上来制成所述支承件是可能的，同时将所述覆盖层粘合到所述泡沫层另一面上。
有利地，根据本发明，还将防火毡和额外粘合剂层插入所述覆盖层与所述支承件之间。同样地，由于电磁波的渗透，可例如通过添加防火毡层来添加能够改善座椅内衬功能性的不同层，而不过度增加所述内衬的成本，额外的粘合操作可在隐藏时间(temps masqué)进行。
本发明还涉及一种通过如上文所公开的方法获得的多层内衬，其特征在于，所述多层的内衬包括至少一层非渗透(non perméable)覆盖层。事实上，与粘合操作(在所述粘合操作中，热气体需穿过不同层，以使粘合剂达到允许再活化的温度)相反，所述电磁波的渗透能够插入非渗透覆盖层(如天然或合成的皮革)和由涂层布制成的覆盖层，并且能够制成包括这种覆盖层的内衬。
本发明还涉及一种机器、一种方法和一种内衬，所述机器、方法和内衬的特征组合了上文或下文所提及特征中的全部或部分。
附图说明
通过阅读详细说明和附图，本发明的其它目的、特征和优点将更加清楚，在附图中：
-图1A和图1B是根据本发明的机器分别处于装载位置和工作位置时的示意性正视剖视图，
-图2是根据本发明的机器的侧视图，所述侧视图示出了该机器的保护外壳以及所述保护外壳的门，
-图3是根据本发明的内衬的局部剖视图。
具体实施方式
图1A示出的机器1包括优选地金属的壳体3，在所述壳体中从上到下配置有柔性盖布8，所述柔性盖布限界出由玻璃微珠5形成的颗粒床4的上部。该颗粒床4安置在扩散格栅7上，所述扩散格栅允许来自放置在格栅7下方的称为分配器6的空间的气体的通过，直到进入所述颗粒床4，以便使所述该颗粒床流体化。所述分配器6优选地由气体供应系统供应气体、优选地供应加压空气，所述气体供应系统包括与管道27联接的泵25，所述管道通到所述分配器6。
根据本发明的重要特征，所述气体供应系统还包括高压水的喷雾喷嘴26，所述喷雾喷嘴能够将微小水滴的水雾发送到管道27中。这些水滴瞬时汽化并且负责使由泵25发送的空气含有水分。以该方式，为所述分配器6和所述颗粒床4供应潮湿空气。根据由所述泵25提供的空气流量和由所述喷嘴26喷的水量，提供给所述分配器的空气的相对湿度可调节成例如70％至100％。
所述泵25的空气流量还可调节成例如大约10m3每分钟的全流量至大约2m3每分钟的缩减流量(甚至零流量)。当以全流量为所述颗粒床4供应潮湿空气时，所述颗粒床表现得像流体，优选地表现得像“泥质(boueux)”流体，所述“泥质”流体具有大约2Pa.s至10Pa.s的粘度。当以缩减流量为所述颗粒床供应时或者当未为所述颗粒床供应时，所述颗粒床固化并且保持所述颗粒床在流体状态下所赋予的形状，如图1B中所示。
所述布8覆盖在所述颗粒床4上方，所述机器包括压缩构件10，在这种情况下起重机(vérin)适用于将支承件11压在所述颗粒床上。所述支承件11形成例如要由柔性覆盖层覆盖的座椅椅座或椅背，所述柔性覆盖层由布、皮革或仿皮革等制成。
所述机器1还包括处在该机器的壳体3中的至少一个电磁波13发射器12。在图1上所示的示例中，所述发射器12包括波发生器，例如磁控管14，所述磁控管与一个或多个波导15联接，所述一个或多个波导将所述电磁波传送到一个或多个天线16，所述一个或多个天线例如为喇叭形天线。所述天线16放置在所述分配器6中并且定向成使得所述电磁波沿所述压缩构件10的方向定向，并且更具体地使得所述电磁波13按照以每个天线为中心的立体角17扩散，并且所述立体角具有的角度适用于遮住所述支承件11。经如此发射的电磁波13具有1GHz至300GHz(在通常称为微波的波谱中)的波长，更具体地2GHz至10GHz的频带，所述频带适用于加热水分子，并且根据机器的确切使用(要粘合的材料，支承件的尺寸等)所述功率为800W至4kW。
所述机器1通过外壳18完成，所述外壳由导电材料制成并且封闭所述机器的内部空间，以便将所述电磁波限定在所述机器内部并且确保对围绕所述机器服务或者通行的人员的保护。所述外壳18可包括由金属板制成的罩，所述罩封闭在同样为金属的壳体3上，所述组件接地以形成法拉第笼，或者如图2上所示，所述组件通过由导电金属网28形成的外壳18接地，所述导电性金属网的网孔适用于封锁所使用的电磁波，例如对于2Ghz至10Ghz的频率使用范围为毫米量级的网孔。门19也以相同的方式安装有金属网并且装配成可滑动(例如，称为“上下移动式”的升降门)，所述门使操作者能够达到所述机器内部，以将要粘合的不同元件布置在所述颗粒床4的布8上并且/或者在所述压缩构件10上。例如通过使用称为四分之一波的挡板系统，所述门19的滑槽(coulisses)适用于在门关闭时避免电磁波的泄漏。锁和安全开关也安装在所述门19和/或所述外壳18上，以便在门未正确关闭时中断所述电磁波的任何发射。当线缆或管道(例如管道27)需穿过所述壳体3或所述外壳18时，使用适配的套管29来避免波的泄漏。
一个或多个波搅拌器31也可安装在所述外壳18内部，以便改善所述电磁波13在所述外壳18内部的分配。
在图2上所示的示例中，所述电磁波发射器由唯一磁控管14简单地制成，所述唯一磁控管放置在所述壳体的中心并且包括指向支承件的天线16，所述支承件安装在该压缩构件上。根据要获得的机器的特征可考虑所述电磁波发射器的其它实施变型，例如使用中等功率(500W-1kW)的若干磁控管或者与若干天线(例如放置在所述分配器6的四个角落的四个天线等)联结的强功率(1kW-4kW)的磁控管。
参照图1A、图1B和图3来描述粘合方法，所述粘合方法能够获得简单的内衬(未示出)或如图3上所示的复杂的内衬30。在该方法中，操作者打开所述机器1的门19，并且将第一覆盖层2布置在所述颗粒床4的布8上，例如布零件或者更具体地涂层布零件或者皮革零件，如图1A上所示。在该步骤中，所述机器的潮湿气体供应系统以缩减流量运行，并且潮湿空气穿过所述颗粒床，围绕所述覆盖层2经过并且将水分置放到所述覆盖层2的暴露表面上。在附属准备站上所述覆盖层2可预先覆盖有粘合剂层20，或者在所述机器装载时例如以干薄膜的形式置放有所述粘合剂层，所述干薄膜预先切割成所述覆盖层2的尺寸。占据在机器的内部工作空间中的潮湿空气流足以使所述粘合剂层20含有水分。
在所述方法的最简单的实施例中，在所述方法中使用唯一覆盖层来制成简单的内衬，然后操作员安装由成形板22构成的支承件11，在所述成形板上预先粘合有在覆盖层2上方的泡沫层21和粘合剂层20。可选地，操作员可将所述支承件11安装在压缩构件10的末端。借助于控制面板(未示出)活化潮湿气体流的全流量，并且控制所述压缩部件10的下降，以便将所述支承件11压在所述覆盖层2上，所述覆盖层覆盖有所述粘合剂层20。注意到在该下降期间，所述泡沫层21还负责使外表面含有水分。所述支承件11、所述覆盖层2和布置在所述支承件与所述覆盖层之间的粘合剂层20凹陷在所述颗粒床4(流体状态下)中，以便所述覆盖层2符合所述支承件11的形状，如图1B上所示。然后改变气体的供应以回到缩减流量，或者可选地切断所述气体流，以便使所述颗粒床4固化。优选地，增加由压缩构件10施加的力，以便引起泡沫层21挤压在所述覆盖层2和所述粘合剂层20上。
所有零件的组件如此固定，操作者封闭所述机器的门19，这触发电磁波发射器。所述电磁波13穿过所述颗粒床4、所述覆盖层2和所述粘合剂层20，所述颗粒床、所述覆盖层和所述粘合剂层通过存在于所述粘合剂层中或在所述粘合剂层上的水分子的震荡而升温。只需几十秒的发射期来使粘合剂到达熔点并且将所述覆盖层2粘合到泡沫层21上。在可通过计时器编程的时长之后，所述电磁波的发射停止并且所述粘合剂极快地冷却。事实上，已观察到，尽管所述颗粒床含有水分，考虑到所述颗粒床的质量所述颗粒床的固有加热是微弱的，并且这有助于在所述电磁波终止加热该粘合剂层时冷却该粘合剂层。还可观察到该现象能够相较于通过热空气流态化的床缩短粘合循环时间，在所述粘合剂达到可操作状态之前所述通过热空气流态化的床需要大量的等待和冷却时间。
当所述粘合剂充分冷却(这几乎是瞬间的)从而可被处理时，操作者打开所述门19，这引起所述压缩构件的上升，并且卸载经覆层的支承件。可选地，当操作者执行若干补充操作(例如拉细绳或套绳，所述细绳或套绳在预先布置在覆盖层外廓上的折边中通行，以便将所述覆盖层的自由边缘压向所述支承件的中心，或者通过粘合或折合来固定绳的两个端部)时，所述压缩构件10可维持在较低位置。当这些补充操作被执行时，压缩部件10上升，并且所述经覆层的支承件可卸载。
发明者观察到，与热空气式机器(在所述热空气式机器中，空气在不同层中的流通和由此引起的传导能够活化所述粘合剂)相反，在根据本发明的机器中，电磁波未被非渗透覆盖层停止，并且穿过了不同层的层堆的整个厚度。因此，经证实该方法能够在唯一操作中执行多层的粘合，即使这些层中存在不渗透空气的层。
所述方法因此可被用于制成如图3上所示的复杂的内衬30。在该情形下，在所述机器的装载步骤中，操作者将所述覆盖层2(在所述内衬外部)、所述粘合剂层20、任选的防火毡23(或能够提供技术功能的任何其它柔性材料层，例如密封膜)、第二粘合剂层20'、所述泡沫层21、第三粘合剂层20”、然后形成所述内衬骨架的成形板22置放到所述颗粒床上。一层在另一层上方地堆积不同层，然后所述压缩构件下降以便将压力施加到所述板22上。与前文一样，缩减或中断所述潮湿空气流以使所述颗粒床固话，所述门19关闭并且活化所述电磁波的发射。所述电磁波13未被所述内衬的不同层停止，同时活化所有粘合剂层20、20'和20”。与前文描述的简单粘合相同，波的发射的中断引起所有层的几乎瞬时的冷却，并且如此制成的内衬30几乎立即可操作。然后只需打开所述门19，使所述压缩构件上升，卸载由唯一操作制成的内衬。
当然，该描述仅作为说明性示例给出，并且本领域技术人员可由此提供许多改变而不脱离本发明的保护范围，例如将所述机器1配置成将起重机放置在所述壳体18外部，而防止波泄露的套管放置成围绕所述起重机的杆。

Claims (11)

1.一种用于将柔性覆盖层(2)热粘合到支承件(11)上的机器(1)，所述机器的类型为包括：
-壳体(3)，所述壳体包括气体分配器(6)、扩散格栅(7)、能够通过气体流流态化的颗粒床(4)和柔性盖布(8)，
-气体供应系统(25，27)，
-压缩构件(10)，所述压缩构件能够将所述支承件压在所述颗粒床上，其特征在于
-所述气体供应系统包括部件(26)，所述部件用于提供具有70％至100％的相对湿度的气体流，
-所述壳体包括至少一个电磁波(13)发射器(12)，所述电磁波发射器放置成使得所述波沿所述压缩构件的方向定向。
2.根据权利要求1所述的机器，其特征在于，每个波发射器(12)包括电磁波发生器(14)、波导(15)和天线(16)，所述天线放置在颗粒床(4)下方并且适用于按照以天线为中心的立体角(17)扩散电磁波(13)，并且所述立体角具有的角度适用于遮住所述支承件(11)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的机器，其特征在于，壳体(3)被包含在金属的外壳(18)中，所述外壳适用于将电磁波容纳在所述外壳内部。
4.根据权利要求3所述的机器，其特征在于，外壳(18)包括门(19)，所述门适用于能够使柔性覆盖层和支承件进入到壳体内部。
5.根据权利要求3所述的机器，其特征在于，所述机器包括处在外壳(18)内部的至少一个波搅拌器(31)，所述波搅拌器用于分配电磁波(13)。
6.根据权利要求4所述的机器，其特征在于，所述机器包括处在外壳(18)内部的至少一个波搅拌器(31)，所述波搅拌器用于分配电磁波(13)。
7.一种将柔性覆盖层(2)热粘合到支承件(11)上的方法，所述方法的类型为使用根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的机器(1)，在所述方法中使用压缩构件(10)，所述压缩构件能够将所述支承件压在通过气体流流态化的颗粒床(4)上，所述气体流由壳体(3)中的气体供应系统(25，27)产生，所述壳体包括气体分配器(6)、扩散格栅(7)、颗粒床(4)和柔性盖布(8)，其特征在于：
-至少将所述覆盖层、第一粘合剂层(20)和所述支承件按此顺序堆积在所述盖布上，
-使用潮湿的气体流，以使所述颗粒床流体化，
-将所述压缩构件施加到所述支承件上，以便将所述支承件压在所述覆盖层上，
-改变气体的供应，以便使颗粒床固化，
-触发电磁波(13)发射器(12)，以便至少加热所述第一粘合剂层，
-维持波的发射达预定时间，所述预定时间适用于活化第一粘合剂层，
-停止波的发射，使所述压缩构件上升并且卸载经覆盖有所述覆盖层的支承件。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，使用气体的水分来使第一粘合剂层(20)潮湿，以便使所述第一粘合剂层在电磁波(13)作用下反应。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的方法，其特征在于，所使用的支承件(11)包括未组装在一起的泡沫层(21)、第三粘合剂层(20”)和成形板，并且所述支承件的组装与覆盖层(2)在所述支承件上的粘合同时实施。
10.根据权利要求7或8所述的方法，其特征在于，还将防火毡(23)和第二粘合剂层(20')插入覆盖层(2)与支承件(11)之间。
11.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，还将防火毡(23)和第二粘合剂层(20')插入覆盖层(2)与支承件(11)之间。
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KR102156908B1 (ko) * 2018-10-23 2020-09-17 주식회사 용산 차량용 내장재의 금형 장치
CN112317578B (zh) * 2020-09-17 2022-10-21 宁波拓普集团股份有限公司 一种汽车尾门下盖板自动包边装置
JP7124032B2 (ja) * 2020-10-28 2022-08-23 本田技研工業株式会社 成型品の製造方法
WO2024035275A1 (en) * 2022-08-12 2024-02-15 Shavelkin Yuriy Alekseevich Device for joining dissimilar materials

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BR112016027009B1 (pt) 2021-07-20
JP2017524580A (ja) 2017-08-31
EP3145694A1 (fr) 2017-03-29
TR201905486T4 (tr) 2019-05-21
FR3021246A1 (fr) 2015-11-27
PL3145694T3 (pl) 2019-11-29
CN106414034A (zh) 2017-02-15
EP3145694B1 (fr) 2019-02-20
AU2015263196B2 (en) 2019-07-04
FR3021246B1 (fr) 2017-01-13
ES2720740T3 (es) 2019-07-24
AU2015263196A1 (en) 2016-12-08
CA2949740C (fr) 2022-06-21
RU2669641C2 (ru) 2018-10-12
RU2016148685A3 (zh) 2018-08-15
US11225064B2 (en) 2022-01-18
WO2015177456A1 (fr) 2015-11-26
CA2949740A1 (fr) 2015-11-26
JP6662858B2 (ja) 2020-03-11
RU2016148685A (ru) 2018-06-25

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