CN106397806A - 一种制备可调温聚氨酯泡沫的方法 - Google Patents

一种制备可调温聚氨酯泡沫的方法 Download PDF

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CN106397806A
CN106397806A CN201610716323.XA CN201610716323A CN106397806A CN 106397806 A CN106397806 A CN 106397806A CN 201610716323 A CN201610716323 A CN 201610716323A CN 106397806 A CN106397806 A CN 106397806A
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张莉
赵修文
李博
张利国
张涛
赵卫鸣
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Liming Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种制备可调温聚氨酯泡沫的方法，将相变材料和玻璃纤维粉加入到模外漆中，通过球磨机研磨混合均匀，然后用喷枪将混合物喷在泡沫表面上，待漆膜干燥后即得到可调温聚氨酯泡沫。该方法适于块状泡沫、通过模具直接制得异型模塑泡沫件或块状泡沫切割而成的各种异型泡沫件。

Description

一种制备可调温聚氨酯泡沫的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及聚氨酯泡沫领域，尤其涉及可调温聚氨酯泡沫的制备方法。
背景技术
相变材料在其物相发生转变时，可以从环境中吸收或放出较多热量，具有温度调节的作用，因此被广泛应用于很多领域，相变材料应用于聚氨酯泡沫的报道十分常见。
专利US 5499460公开了一种可调温聚氨酯鞋垫的制作方法。通过直接在聚氨酯原料中填加20％-60％的微胶囊相变材料，再经过发泡等工艺过程制成可调温鞋垫。这种在聚氨酯原料中直接添加相变材料的方法，容易引起泡沫泡孔粗乱甚至塌泡。另外，泡沫制成后，相变材料主要分散在泡沫体中，使用过程中相变材料吸收或放出热量，需要通过泡沫体的传导才能体现出来，有一定的时间滞后。
专利US 5851338将相变材料与树脂混合，然后通过刮涂的方式涂覆在泡沫上，再经过后熟化形成含有相变材料的聚氨酯泡沫。这种方法只适合于表面平整的泡沫，不适合于表面形状复杂的泡沫。专利EP 2253653中，将相变材料、聚四氢呋喃和稀释剂混合在一起制成溶液，用喷枪将混合液喷涂在模具上，再向模具中浇注聚氨酯慢回弹物料。这种方法制成的慢回弹泡沫表面有凉爽的感觉。这种方法虽然适合于具有一定形状的聚氨酯泡沫，但对于形状复杂的异型件或小批量制品，制作模具的成本较高。市售模外漆喷在开孔的泡沫表面上，会渗入到泡孔内，无法在泡沫表面形成完整的漆膜，达不到调温目的。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种制备可调温聚氨酯泡沫的方法，该方法适于块状泡沫、通过模具直接制得异型模塑泡沫件或块状泡沫切割而成的各种异型泡沫件。
本发明的技术方案是：将相变材料和玻璃纤维粉加入到模外漆中，通过球磨机研磨混合均匀，然后用喷枪将混合物喷在泡沫表面上，待漆膜干燥后即得到可调温聚氨酯泡沫。泡沫表面喷涂物厚度一般为0.2～1mm。
将相变材料加入到模外漆中，搅拌20-30min，然后加入玻璃纤维粉，研磨20-30min，充分混合。
本发明所述相变材料优选相变微胶囊。
所述玻璃纤维粉为市售硅烷偶联剂处理的玻璃纤维粉，长度大于200微米。
相变材料优选的用量为模外漆质量的10％-30％，玻璃纤维粉的用量为模外漆质量的0.5％-3％。
所述模外漆的主要成分含有聚氨酯树脂和酮类溶剂等。
本发明方法适合各种配方制得的泡沫，泡沫密度一般为25～200kg/m3。原料通常由A、B组分构成，A、B组分按照异氰酸根指数0.9～1.1的比例混配，典型配方为：
A组分，按照质量百分数计包括：
聚醚多元醇：10-88；
聚合物多元醇：10-88；
扩链交联剂：1-6；
催化剂：0.3-2.0；
发泡剂：0.5-4.5；
泡沫稳定剂：0.1-2.0；
B组分为异氰酸酯，包括甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、4，4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、碳化二亚胺改性4，4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(液化MDI)、多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯(PAPI)、二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯(HMDI)、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)等中的一种或多种。
所述聚醚多元醇为三官能度，分子量为3000-8000，伯羟基含量≥65％的低不饱和度高活性聚醚多元醇。
聚醚多元醇优选上海高桥石化生产的GEP-330N，羟值35±1.5mg KOH/g的三官能度聚醚多元醇。
所述聚合物多元醇为苯乙烯或丙烯腈接枝的，固含量≥30％的聚合物多元醇。
聚合物多元醇优选上海高桥石化生产的GPOP-36/30，羟值24±3mg KOH/g。
所述扩链交联剂优选小分子二元醇类、芳香胺类、醇胺类，包括乙二醇、二乙二醇、1，4-丁二醇、1，2-丙二醇、3，3’-二氯-4，4’-二苯基甲烷二胺、3，5-二乙基甲苯二胺、乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺等中的一种或多种。
所述发泡剂优选水和/或1，1-二氯-1-氟代乙烷(HCFC-141b)。
所述催化剂为胺类催化剂，优选含活性氢反应基团的反应性催化剂，包括Huntsman公司的Jeffcat ZR-70、Jeffcat ZR-50、Jeffcat Z-110、Jeffcat Z-130、JeffcatZF-10中的一种或多种。
所述泡沫稳定剂为含有机硅氧烷的通用型硅油，优选迈图的L-3151、L-3640、L-5309、L-3627、L-580中的一种或多种。
制备本发明所述可调温聚氨酯泡沫的方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)制备A组分
将聚醚多元醇、聚合物多元醇、扩链交联剂、催化剂、发泡剂、泡沫稳定剂充分搅拌混合均匀，制成聚醚多元醇组分。
(2)制备B组分
将所需异氰酸酯进行充分搅拌混合均匀，制成B组分。
(3)制备聚氨酯泡沫
控制A、B组分的温度为25±3℃，然后按照异氰酸酯指数为0.9～1.1的比例混合，浇入模具中熟化，或浇入发泡箱中待熟化后切割成所需形状。
(4)制备可调温聚氨酯泡沫
将相变材料加入到模外漆中，搅拌20-30min后，然后加入玻璃纤维粉，研磨20-30min，充分混合，将准备好的模外漆装入喷枪中，均匀地喷涂在聚氨酯泡沫表面上，待漆膜干燥后即得可调温聚氨酯泡沫。
本发明方法将相变材料和玻璃纤维粉加入到模外漆中，喷涂在聚氨酯泡沫的表面上，泡沫既可以通过模塑制成，又可以通过块状泡沫切割而成，解决了制作小批量或异型可调温泡沫必须制作模具的问题，节省了制作模具的时间和成本。同时解决了喷涂模外漆渗入泡沫中不能成膜问题，该方法适于有表皮的模塑泡沫和切割后无表皮的泡沫等。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明的具体实施方式作详细说明。
实施例1
(1)将88质量份GEP-330N，10份GPOP-36/30，1.5份水，0.2份HCFC-141b，1.5份三乙醇胺，0.6份L-3151，0.2份L-580，0.2份Jeffcat ZF-10，0.9份Jeffcat Z-130，在常温下置于容器内，搅拌混合1h，完成A组分的制备。
(2)将90质量份TDI和10份PAPI常温下置于容器内，搅拌混合0.5h，完成B组分的制备。
(3)控制A、B组分的温度为25±3℃，A、B组分按100∶20的质量比混合均匀，浇注到发泡箱中熟化待用。
(4)按模外漆质量的10％称取相变微胶囊，相变微胶囊是以三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂为壳、正十八烷为核的相变材料，分三次加到模外漆中，搅拌20min，然后按模外漆质量的1.0％添加玻璃纤维粉，搅拌20min。
(5)将混合好的模外漆装入喷枪中，用喷枪将模外漆均匀地喷涂在聚氨酯泡沫表面上，待5-10min后干燥，得到可调温的聚氨酯泡沫。
该可调温聚氨酯泡沫模外漆喷涂均匀，成膜性好，表面光滑，调温效果好。

Claims (10)

1.一种制备可调温聚氨酯泡沫的方法，将相变材料和玻璃纤维粉加入到模外漆中，通过球磨机研磨混合均匀，然后用喷枪将混合物喷在泡沫表面上，待漆膜干燥后即得到可调温聚氨酯泡沫。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备可调温聚氨酯泡沫的方法，其特征是将相变材料加入到模外漆中，搅拌20-30min，然后加入玻璃纤维粉，研磨20-30min，充分混合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备可调温聚氨酯泡沫的方法，其特征是泡沫表面喷涂物厚度为0.2～1mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备可调温聚氨酯泡沫的方法，所述相变材料是相变微胶囊。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备可调温聚氨酯泡沫的方法，所述玻璃纤维粉为经硅烷偶联剂处理的玻璃纤维粉，长度大于200微米。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备可调温聚氨酯泡沫的方法，相变材料的用量为模外漆质量的10％-30％，玻璃纤维粉的用量为模外漆质量的0.5％-3％。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制备可调温聚氨酯泡沫的方法，泡沫密度为25～200kg/m3。
8.根据权利要求1所述的制备可调温聚氨酯泡沫的方法，其特征是泡沫原料由A、B组分构成，A、B组分按照异氰酸根指数0.9～1.1的比例混配，典型配方为：
A组分，按照质量百分数计包括：
聚醚多元醇：10-88；
聚合物多元醇：10-88；
扩链交联剂：1-6；
催化剂：0.3-2.0；
发泡剂：0.5-4.5；
泡沫稳定剂：0.1-2.0；
B组分为异氰酸酯，包括甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、4，4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、碳化二亚胺改性4，4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(液化MDI)、多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯(PAPI)、二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯(HMDI)、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)中的一种或多种。
9.根据权利要求8所述的制备可调温聚氨酯泡沫的方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)制备A组分
将聚醚多元醇、聚合物多元醇、扩链交联剂、催化剂、发泡剂、泡沫稳定剂充分搅拌混合均匀，制成聚醚多元醇组分；
(2)制备B组分
将所需异氰酸酯进行充分搅拌混合均匀，制成B组分；
(3)制备聚氨酯泡沫
控制A、B组分的温度为25±3℃，然后按照异氰酸酯指数为0.9～1.1的比例混合，浇入模具中熟化，或浇入发泡箱中待熟化后切割成所需形状；
(4)制备可调温聚氨酯泡沫
将相变材料加入到模外漆中，搅拌20-30min后，然后加入玻璃纤维粉，研磨20-30min，充分混合，将准备好的模外漆装入喷枪中，均匀地喷涂在聚氨酯泡沫表面上，待漆膜干燥后即得可调温聚氨酯泡沫。
10.根据权利要求1～9之一所述的制备可调温聚氨酯泡沫的方法，适于块状泡沫、通过模具直接制得异型模塑泡沫件或块状泡沫切割而成的各种异型泡沫件。
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