A kind of extracting method of Chinese crude drug small-molecule active substance
Technical field
The present invention relates in a kind of Chinese crude drug active substance extracting method, specifically a kind of Chinese crude drug small molecule active thing
The extracting method of matter.
Background technology
Chinese medicine is the rarity of Chinese civilization, has important historic significance and succession to be worth.The kind of Chinese herbal medicine
Class is various, shows according to ASSOCIATE STATISTICS, more than more than 7000 kinds, and is distributed widely in each province of China.Chinese working people
For thousands of years during combating the disease, by practice, constantly recognize, gradually have accumulated abundant knowledge of TCM.
From《Dragon Lord book on Chinese herbal medicine warp》Arrive《Compendium of Materia Medica》, the more various Chinese medicine ancient books and records to the present age, invariably show wisdom and the duty of compatriots
Labor.A large amount of biological active agents, such as saccharide, aminoacid, protein, oils and fatss, wax, flavone, dimension life are contained in Chinese herbal medicine
Element, organic acid, tannin, inorganic salt, volatile oil, alkaloid, glycoside etc., and the medicinal function of heterogeneity has difference.With
Continuous renewal and the development of Medical Technology, traditional Chinese medicine and pharmacy cannot meet the need that the mankind seek Action mechanism further
Ask.In recent years, the report with regard to Chinese herbal medicine small molecule composition occurred repeatedly, and this carries for the innovative research of China's Chinese medicine and pharmacy
New approaches are supplied.The research of Traditional Chinese Herb extract all has original performance in medical domains such as antitumor, malarias, and
Correlational study content obtains the consistent affirmative of international scientific man.Using phytochemical correlation technique, little point is carried out to Chinese medicine
Subconstiuent is analyzed, and carries out biological function research in conjunction with biology techniques to it, is the break-through point of current Development of Chinese Medicine.
Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) is the exclusive rare medicinal endangered plants of China, is mainly used as medicine with tuber (also known as Radix Tetrastigmatis Hemsleyani), cool in nature, no
Poison, sweet and slightly bitter taste, have the effect such as heat-clearing and toxic substances removing, dispelling pathogenic wind and eliminating phlegm, promoting blood circulation and stopping pain, regulating qi-flowing for strengthening spleen.Clinical taking orally can treat children
Hyperpyrexia convulsion, dysentery, bronchitis, pneumonia, pharyngolaryngitis, hepatitis and viral meningitises, the tuberculosis of cervical lymph nodes, menoxenia and pain
Through etc..Additionally, research shows, it also has to hematopathy and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, infectious disease, rheumatic arthritis gynaecopathia
Certain curative effect.Flos Lonicerae is motherland's tradition medication, has functions that heat-clearing and toxic substances removing, cool breeze radiating, antiviral, hepatic cholagogic, faces
Bed is used for treating multiple disease such as respiratory tract infection, skin infection, dysentery, diseases caused by exogenous pathogenic factor, calentura, headache, pharyngalgia.Flos Lonicerae not only has remarkably
Medical effect, also remarkable health care.Flos Lonicerae is medicinal economical plant environmental with water guarantor, enjoys " national treasure one
The good reputation of branch flower ".Herba Dendrobii is the important traditional Chinese medicine of China, and its medical value was praised highly by the successive dynasties.Most of distribution
In Southwestern China, south China, Taiwan and other places, there are many cultivation bases south China and East China, are many especially with Zhejiang Province.Medicinal iron sheet
Herba Dendrobii mainly contains the various active composition such as polysaccharide, alkaloid, has multiple work(such as nourishing YIN and clearing away heat, the stomach reinforcing that promotes the production of body fluid, nourishing the lung to arrest cough
Effect.Modern pharmacological research shows that it also has raising immunity of organisms, antitumor and prevents and treats the functions such as cataract.And, iron sheet
Herba Dendrobii is the top grade of Dendrobium, ranks " Chinese nine big Herba mesonae chinensis " they because of its special living environment and distinguished nourishing effects
Head, has larger medical value.
However, Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri), Flos Lonicerae, Herba Dendrobii more limit in the use of Chinese Traditional Medicine, mainly with water extract
The treatment of form involved in diseases, it is less that this makes people that the biologic activity of effective ingredient various contained by it is understood.In recent years,
Going deep into Chinese medicine research, a large amount of scholars launch to extract detached research to the micromolecular compound of these three Chinese medicines, according to
Studies have reported that it is known that:(1) in Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri), active small molecular composition mainly has flavonoid, triterpene and steroid, fatty acid
Compound etc.;(2) in Flos Lonicerae, active small molecular composition mainly has volatile oil, flavonoid, organic acid, triterpeness, cyclenes
Ether terpenoid etc.;(3) in Herba Dendrobii active small molecular based on alkaloid, aminoacid takes second place.These three Chinese medicine small moleculars become
Divide and play critical effect in playing its pharmacological function, be also its main bioactive ingredients simultaneously.Regrettably, right
Present Research in these Chinese medicine small moleculars is:Content is few, and level is shallow, and mechanism is unintelligible, and application is not high, Er Qiesuo
Use more chemicals with extracting method, seriously polluted.And cannot avoid be this three classes Chinese medicine small molecular composition medicine
Can relate to multiple biomedical sectors hard, have huge potentiality and market, such as it is in immunology, enteric microorganism group
, oncology and angiocardiology, the even aspect such as health care of food all has larger using value.
Chinese Traditional Medicine to Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri), Flos Lonicerae, Herba Dendrobii utilization, (100 DEG C, 2~3 hours) are hotted plate with high temperature
Based on water extract form, the yield of water extract small molecular material is low.At present, in the industry to Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri), Flos Lonicerae, Herba Dendrobii this
The research of three kinds of Chinese crude drug medicinal functions is concentrated mainly on water extract and bigger molecule, in the biological activity of micromolecular compound
Shortcoming is also compared in the research of screening and its associated biomolecule functional mechanism, and this cannot adapt to and meet the development of current Chinese medicine and pharmacy
Trend.Therefore, develop the extracting method of effective Chinese crude drug small-molecule active substance, in depth research small molecule is extracted
The medicinal function of thing, not only can help us more clearly to understand its Action mechanism, the used time also " steps the gateway of a country, enters into west for it
Pharmacy " lays the first stone, and this meets the policy of national Chinese medicine and pharmacy strategic development, meets the demand of Medical development, and has
Huge using value and market value.For these reasons, the present invention proposes a kind of carrying of Chinese crude drug small-molecule active substance
Take method.
Content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is:A kind of extracting method of Chinese crude drug small-molecule active substance is provided, should
Extracting method can be effectively retained activity and the purity of the small-molecule active substance in raw material, in addition sharp to raw material to greatest extent
With, and do not use high temperature in whole extraction process, and the water resource reusable edible producing after extraction, energy consumption is low.
The present invention solves the technical scheme that adopted of above-mentioned technical problem:The carrying of a kind of Chinese crude drug small-molecule active substance
Take method, comprise the following steps:
(1) raw material screening:It is some that screening prepares fresh Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri), Flos Lonicerae and Herba Dendrobii raw material;
(2) raw material cleaning:Wash off raw material appearance silt with tap water;
(3) low temperature enzymolysis:Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) after cleaning, Flos Lonicerae and Herba Dendrobii raw material are put into enzymatic vessel, then to enzyme
Add water in solution tank, the addition of water and the weight of raw material ratio is for 50~100:1, it is heated up to 40~50 DEG C, add raw material weight
0.1~0.5% compound bio-enzyme, this compound bio-enzyme is by cellulase, pectase and carase with 1~3:1~2:1~2
Weight form than compounding;After adding compound bio-enzyme, digest 4~6 hours at a temperature of 40~50 DEG C, keep while enzymolysis
Stirring, obtains enzymatic hydrolysate after enzymolysis;
(4) centrifugation:At a temperature of 40~50 DEG C, with the centrifugation speed of 15000~20000 turns/hour in centrifuge
Degree is centrifuged to enzymatic hydrolysate, removes supernatant after centrifugation, obtains being centrifuged product;
(5) first time thickening filtration:First is carried out to the ultrafilter membrane that centrifugation product molecular cut off is 10000 dalton
Secondary thickening filtration, separation and Extraction lower clear liquid;
(6) second thickening filtration:The lower clear liquid molecular cut off that first time thickening filtration is obtained is 100~500
The NF membrane of dalton carries out second thickening filtration, separation and Extraction supernatant;
(7) it is dried:Lyophilization or spray drying are carried out to the supernatant that second thickening filtration obtains, that is, obtains Chinese medicine
Material small-molecule active substance product.
Preferably, described compound bio-enzyme by cellulase, pectase and carase with 1:1:1 weight is than compounding
Form.
Preferably, the weight of Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri), Flos Lonicerae and Herba Dendrobii is than for 1~5 in step (1):1~2:1~5.
Preferably, raw materials used tuber for fresh Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri), the petal of Flos Lonicerae and Herba Dendrobii in step (1)
Gold bar.
Compared with prior art, it is an advantage of the current invention that:A kind of Chinese crude drug small-molecule active substance that the present invention provides
Extracting method, by low-temperature biological enzymolysis combine to these three Chinese medicines in Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri), Flos Lonicerae and Herba Dendrobii with membrane technology
Small-molecule active substance in material is effectively extracted.Biological enzymolysis adopt by cellulase, pectase and carase with 1~3:
1~2:1~2 weight, than compounding compound bio-enzyme, digests 4~6 hours, while enzymolysis at a temperature of 40~50 DEG C
It is kept stirring for, and thickening filtration twice is carried out to enzymatic hydrolysate, it is little that finally freeze-dried or spray drying obtains Chinese crude drug
Molecular activity physical product.The hydrolysis temperature of extracting method of the present invention is low, and reaction environment is gentle, can be effectively retained little in raw material
The activity of molecular activity material and purity, are used to raw material to greatest extent, and do not use in whole extraction process
High temperature, the water resource reusable edible producing after extraction, energy consumption is low.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the chromatogram of the Chinese crude drug small-molecule active substance of embodiment 1;
Fig. 2 hots plate the chromatogram of the extract obtaining for high temperature.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
The extracting method of the Chinese crude drug small-molecule active substance of embodiment 1, comprises the following steps:
(1) raw material screening:It is some that screening prepares fresh Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri), Flos Lonicerae and Herba Dendrobii raw material;
(2) raw material cleaning:Wash off raw material appearance silt with tap water;
(3) low temperature enzymolysis:Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) after cleaning, Flos Lonicerae and Herba Dendrobii raw material are put into enzymatic vessel, then to enzyme
Add water in solution tank, the addition of water and the weight of raw material ratio is for 100:1, it is heated up to 45 DEG C, add the life of raw material weight 0.3%
Thing compound enzyme, this compound bio-enzyme is by cellulase, pectase and carase with 1:1:1 weight forms than compounding;Add life
After thing compound enzyme, digest 6 hours at a temperature of 45 DEG C, be kept stirring for while enzymolysis, after enzymolysis, obtain enzymatic hydrolysate;
(4) centrifugation:At a temperature of 45 DEG C, with the centrifugal speed of 20000 turns/hour to enzymatic hydrolysate in centrifuge
It is centrifuged, after centrifugation, removes supernatant, obtain being centrifuged product;
(5) first time thickening filtration:First is carried out to the ultrafilter membrane that centrifugation product molecular cut off is 10000 dalton
Secondary thickening filtration, separation and Extraction lower clear liquid;
(6) second thickening filtration:The lower clear liquid molecular cut off that first time thickening filtration is obtained is 100 dalton
NF membrane carry out second thickening filtration, separation and Extraction supernatant;
(7) it is dried:Lyophilization or spray drying are carried out to the supernatant that second thickening filtration obtains, that is, is implemented
The Chinese crude drug small-molecule active substance product of example 1.
The extracting method of the Chinese crude drug small-molecule active substance of embodiment 2, comprises the following steps:
(1) raw material screening:It is some that screening prepares fresh Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri), Flos Lonicerae and Herba Dendrobii raw material;
(2) raw material cleaning:Wash off raw material appearance silt with tap water;
(3) low temperature enzymolysis:Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) after cleaning, Flos Lonicerae and Herba Dendrobii raw material are put into enzymatic vessel, then to enzyme
Add water in solution tank, the addition of water and the weight of raw material ratio is for 80:1, it is heated up to 50 DEG C, add the life of raw material weight 0.5%
Thing compound enzyme, this compound bio-enzyme is by cellulase, pectase and carase with 1:2:2 weight forms than compounding;Add life
After thing compound enzyme, digest 4 hours at a temperature of 50 DEG C, be kept stirring for while enzymolysis, after enzymolysis, obtain enzymatic hydrolysate;
(4) centrifugation:At a temperature of 40~50 DEG C, with the centrifugal speed of 15000 turns/hour to enzymolysis in centrifuge
Product is centrifuged, and removes supernatant after centrifugation, obtains being centrifuged product;
(5) first time thickening filtration:First is carried out to the ultrafilter membrane that centrifugation product molecular cut off is 10000 dalton
Secondary thickening filtration, separation and Extraction lower clear liquid;
(6) second thickening filtration:The lower clear liquid molecular cut off that first time thickening filtration is obtained is 300 dalton
NF membrane carry out second thickening filtration, separation and Extraction supernatant;
(7) it is dried:Lyophilization or spray drying are carried out to the supernatant that second thickening filtration obtains, that is, is implemented
The Chinese crude drug small-molecule active substance product of example 2.
The extracting method of the Chinese crude drug small-molecule active substance of embodiment 3, comprises the following steps:
(1) raw material screening:It is some that screening prepares fresh Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri), Flos Lonicerae and Herba Dendrobii raw material;
(2) raw material cleaning:Wash off raw material appearance silt with tap water;
(3) low temperature enzymolysis:Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) after cleaning, Flos Lonicerae and Herba Dendrobii raw material are put into enzymatic vessel, then to enzyme
Add water in solution tank, the addition of water and the weight of raw material ratio is for 50:1, it is heated up to 40 DEG C, add the life of raw material weight 0.24%
Thing compound enzyme, this compound bio-enzyme is by cellulase, pectase and carase with 3:2:1 weight forms than compounding;Add life
After thing compound enzyme, digest 5 hours at a temperature of 40 DEG C, be kept stirring for while enzymolysis, after enzymolysis, obtain enzymatic hydrolysate;
(4) centrifugation:At a temperature of 40 DEG C, with the centrifugal speed of 18000 turns/hour to enzymatic hydrolysate in centrifuge
It is centrifuged, after centrifugation, removes supernatant, obtain being centrifuged product;
(5) first time thickening filtration:First is carried out to the ultrafilter membrane that centrifugation product molecular cut off is 10000 dalton
Secondary thickening filtration, separation and Extraction lower clear liquid;
(6) second thickening filtration:The lower clear liquid molecular cut off that first time thickening filtration is obtained is 400 dalton
NF membrane carry out second thickening filtration, separation and Extraction supernatant;
(7) it is dried:Lyophilization or spray drying are carried out to the supernatant that second thickening filtration obtains, that is, is implemented
The Chinese crude drug small-molecule active substance product of example 3.
For the Chinese crude drug small-molecule active substance product of embodiment 1, its molecular weight is detected by high performance liquid chromatograph
Distribution, the chromatogram obtaining is shown in Fig. 1, and molecular weight detection the results are shown in Table 1.Chinese Traditional Medicine is to Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri), Flos Lonicerae, Herba Dendrobii
Utilization, in the form of the water extract based on, accordingly, as contrast, (100 DEG C, 2~3 hours) Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri), gold are hotted plate for high temperature
The dried product of concentrated solution after Flos Lonicerae, Herba Dendrobii, similarly detects its molecular weight distribution by high performance liquid chromatograph,
The chromatogram obtaining is shown in Fig. 2, and molecular weight detection the results are shown in Table 2.
The molecular weight detection result of the Chinese crude drug small-molecule active substance product of table 1 embodiment 1
|
Peak area percent (%) |
Number-average molecular weight |
Weight average molecular weight |
Peak 1 |
0.47 |
11796 |
14633 |
Peak 2 |
43.03 |
727 |
867 |
Peak 3 |
56.50 |
/ |
/ |
Table 2 high temperature hots plate the molecular weight detection knot of Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri), Flos Lonicerae, the dried product of concentrated solution after Herba Dendrobii
Really
|
Peak area percent (%) |
Number-average molecular weight |
Weight average molecular weight |
Peak 1 |
83.83 |
1397 |
1923 |
Peak 2 |
16.17 |
/ |
/ |
Contrast Tables 1 and 2 is visible, for the yield of small-molecule substance, the Chinese crude drug small-molecule active substance of embodiment 1
Product middle-molecular-weihydroxyethyl be the weight of the active substance of 727 dalton than for 43.03%, work below 727 dalton for the molecular weight
The weight of property material is than for 99.53%;And the water extract middle-molecular-weihydroxyethyl that conventional high-temperature is hotted plate is the active substance of 1397 dalton
Weight than for 83.83%.It can be seen that, the yield of the Chinese crude drug small-molecule active substance that extracting method of the present invention obtains is higher, point
Son amount is less.