CN1063593A - 交互式家庭信息系统 - Google Patents
交互式家庭信息系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本系统遍布在一个电缆电视分配系统中,节点
12耦合在电缆分配系统的馈线电缆30上。各节点
12接收来自区域处理中心4的交互视频图像信息和
相关数据的拷贝。特定节点12相关联的家庭电视
机38的使用者可直接与该节点的视频图像信息交
互,不与区域处理中心4或一些其他远端存储单元中
存储的信息交互。该系统响应使用者接收的指令在
其电视机38上迅速显现摄影质量的图像和复杂图
形及声音。节点12还对已压缩的电视节目去压缩
并将其分配给家庭电视机38。
Description
本发明涉及一种用于向在家里的用户提供信息的交互式多媒体系统,特别是涉及一种具有分布信息处理和存储的交互式多媒体系统,通过现存的电缆电视系统,这些处理及存储被硬布线到用户。
在数据管理中,分布处理和存储相对地是新的概念,而且由于各种技术上的障碍,直至现在被应用到可视图文的领域前一直没有被考虑。目前由希斯(Sears)和国际商用机械(IBM)公司在全国进行的市场化的非凡的信息业务声称使用一种分布式数据库结构。但是,那种系统仅仅分布数据库至区域主机计算机。它们的基本的技术-如像所有其它现在的可视图文技术-仍然完全依赖于维持在家中的个人计算机(或其它终端)与在某些远处的一主机计算机之间的连续、实时、双向通信。虽然已经偿试了一些使用双向电缆电视或其它媒体的实验,但几乎所有可视图文业务都是使用电话线和调制解调器把二者连接起来。这些现存的系统有许多局限性。
当处于联机状态时,因为传统的可视图文系统的每一个用户是直接地连接到中心主计算机的,该中心计算机必须有能力同时处理在其允许使用的期间内获得的许多用户,而在其余的时间内它却可能处于几乎空闲休息时间。随着用户数量的增加,必须以极大的代价附加大的计算机加到该系统。中心计算机的或连接计算机到用户的通信网的任何问题都可能使整个系统中止功能。
可能是从这样的系统中检索信息的速度受限于中心计算机能够识别用户的请求并在其中心数据存储媒体中寻找信息的速度。甚至最大的和最快的中心计算机也不能超过使用电话线或连接计算机至用户的其它媒体可承受的快速信息的严格的限制。电话线路只有一个在任何一个时刻仅能录载一个有限数量信息的窄的带宽。例如,假定典型的通信速率为2400波特的话,对于一个中心计算机来说,要用8至10秒钟,经电话线路发送一整屏文本信息至一个用户终端,对于一个复杂的图形或照相质量的图象,则每个图象至少占用半小时。
较新的综合业务数字网(ISDN)和光缆技术将为商务提供更大的信息传输能力,但是,这些技术至少在10年之内不会布线至大量的各个家庭。而且,即便使用高速率的光纤连接中心计算机至一个家庭终端,最大的计算机也不能维持整个城市用户,特别是在主要的时间内。例如,最大的航线预订系统每秒仅能处理8000个事务处理。
这种带宽问题尚未得到工作于该领域的技术人员的充分注意,因为直至最近,所有的计算机接口都是字符基准的,即利用如像NAPLPS或Teletel规程的很低分辨率的字母数字式显示。而简单的字符基准的信息可以相当容易地经电话线传输,产生的显示难于翻译和使用。甚至简单的字母数字显示在电话线上传送也要占长达8秒钟,加之以电平交互地下降及低劣的显示质量使系统的使用成为无意义和很蹩脚。在其新颖性消失之后,用户尤其发现使用这样的系统得到有用信息的困难,加上其慢速和无意义的图形,使得其他传统的获得信息的方法,如打印的信息的方法,更具有吸引力。
图形用户接口,特别是使用那些高分辨率的,“照像逼真”显示,是更令人感兴趣的且便于使用,但是为了产生快速响应用户请求的令人感兴趣的屏幕图象,需要传送数量更为巨大的数据。尚未被可视图文领域的专家们关注的原由是,当宽频带传输媒体仍为很有限和/或昂贵的时候,诸如像磁盘驱动器、动态随机存取片(DRAMS)等存储媒体和其它存储数据的手段相对费用已迅速地下降了,能够有效地存取和显示在其媒体上存储的数据的快速微处理器的造价也大为下降。这就令人想到以高超的分布结构来克服带宽的限制并提供一种费用有效和非常快的信息传递系统。本发明的系统利用了这些正在进行的技术变化,并由此克服了在可视图文领域中的上述问题。
不同与现有技术的系统,本发明提供容易理解的伴随有伴音的照片质量的图象和全动电视,以及传统的图文和图形信息。这种组合在技术上通常称之为“多媒体”系统。使这种系统成为可能的原因是,本发明用户需要的数据是存储在局部的处理模块或节点的存储器中,该模块或节点是服务于单个家庭或一家庭小组的,这种服务是通过现存的同轴电缆而进入到每家庭并直接地到电视机上来实现的。因为每一个局部节点能够处理与其相接的所有家庭,而且由于它除了日常的更新外是独立于任何中心计算机的,该系统还非常可靠和可经济地改变其规模。无论是两个家庭还是20万个家庭同时地使用该系统将不影响其性能,甚至即使在更新电源(通常来自中心处理计算机)而被停机相当一段时间时,系统仍将连续工作并提供信息至终端用户。
本发明的系统主要包括:
区域处理中心,用于汇编和处理经电缆分配系统传送的信息;和
至少一个连接到电缆电视分配系统的节点,用于捕捉和存储已处理和汇编的信息,该节点至少与多个家庭电视之一相关。
最好是许多电缆电视用户共用在节点中存储的信息。通过将指令传至节点,用户可将存储在节点相关节点内的信息进行显示并与其相互作用。因为电缆电视分配系统中每个节点实质上包含相同的由区域处理中心传送的信息复制件,所以用户是直接地与节点存储的信息交互作用,而不是与地区处理中心存储的信息交互作用。每一个系统的节点在电缆线路扩展放大器之后最接近的位置(约为四分之一英里)连接至电缆电视分配系的馈线电缆。典型地,在一个馈线电缆上任何两个线路扩展放大器之间每四个或多个输出端有1至10个抽头,在本发明中,所有这些抽头都由一个节点来服务。以不被电缆分配系统用来传输普通电缆电视节目的电视频道频率,这些节点将信号送到各家庭电视。这些频率典型地是高于所使用的电缆电视最后频道的频率。
使用馈线插入器来连接节点至馈线电缆。该馈线插入器包括一个低通滤波器,用于阻止来自任何上游节点的信息,而允许被电缆系统用以传送普通电视节目的视频频率不衰减地下行通过。
通过多个频道,节点输出信息到它们相关的家庭电视。最好是在下一个可用的频道上(在争用的基础上),连接到每个家庭电视机的家庭接口控制器接收并解扰来自节点的一个频道。家庭接口控制器在轮寻的基础上,以低频率回传到该节点。在该争用的实施例中,每一个家庭接口控制器包含电子装置,该电子装置仅对指定给用户观看的频道不扰乱。在本发明的另一个实施例中,控制器在无争用的基础上与它们相关的节点通信。
如上所述,用户利用将命令发回到节点的方法来检索选择的多媒体信息。这些命令经使用现有电缆电视线返回支路传播到该节点,正好象多媒体信息本身经现有的电缆电视导线从节点发送到家庭电视的传播。
最好是给该系统的用户提供一种遥控键盘输入装置,使用或不使用整个打字机式键盘,以便将用户命令输入到与他们的电视相连的家庭用户控制器。另一方面 ,家庭接口控制器被适配以便经过一个附接到键盘上的红外线接口从一般的PC键盘上接收用户命令。
还有另一种选择是向用户提供打印机,用于打印从节点接收的信息的硬考贝件,包括用于文娱活动事件的一些票证或用于交易商业贴现的票单等。
最好是构成的系统允许来自用户终端的用户响应发送至选择的商人。在通过用户电缆至节点之后,用户响应返回到选择的商人,然后经电话线附接到节点(即上游节点发送用户响应到上游的一个终端节点,该节点有电话线)。作为一种附带的便利,或以提供一种自动拨号器装置,用于拨用户电话,允许用户直接地同一个系统的广告商讲话,例如在系统分类广告中所描述的某一项的销售者。
有利的是,本发明的节点还能用于对已压缩的电视节目进行去压缩并分配这去压缩的节目至连接到该系统的用户。
对于电子信息分配和多媒体工业来说,本发明的重要性在于,它能将照象质量的图象以及带有声音的全动电视同时地传送到数百万个家庭。该系统能满足峰值期间需求,而最为重要的是该系统能够传递这样的信息,该信息在视觉及感受上等效于家庭观看者所希望从网路电视来的信息,即令人感兴趣的彩色3维图形、照象质量图象和平稳出现的图文。这一点与具有限制的图形的现有系统相反,这些系统看起来像是电子游戏并有扭曲、劣质出现的图文。现有技术的可视图文系统不能做的更多或看上去更好,除非采用在该概述中所描述的、并且在下面将更详细陈述的方法。
当结合附图阅读如下文本时,本发明的这些和其他特征和优点将变得明显了,其中:
图1说明本发明的区域网络结构,其中一个区域的设备接收和预处理该区域中所有城市的数据,并将已预处理的数据分配至分别的电缆电视系统,并随之把这些数据依次播送至各节点,以便由各个家庭接口控制器存取;
图2说明连接到典型的电缆TV系统的本发明的硬件电路。图2A-2C说明用于连接各节点到一个电缆TV系统的各种方案的构成;
图3说明示出连接至一个典型的电缆TV馈线的本发明的节点还示出一个节点与一个电缆TV用户家庭连接的图;
图4是一个表示在一个典型的TV系统上本系统带宽使用的图示;
图5是一个馈线插入器的示意图,该插入器用于连接每个节点至电缆馈线;
图6A和6B共同地表示一个节点的示意图;
图7是一个扩展器模块的示意图,该模块是用于某一节点使其增加更多频道;
图8是一个家庭接口控制器的示意图,该控制器连接于一个节点和一个用户的电视机之间;图8A是该家庭接口控制器的帧提取电路的一个方框图;
图9是本发明第二个实施例的图,该图中的一个抽头接口是用于减少每个家庭接口控制器里电子设备的数量;
图10是本发明第二个实施例中一个节点的示意图;
图11A和11B共同地表示在争用构成中本发明第二个实施例中使用的抽头接口的示意图;
图12是表示在非争用构成中本发明第二个实施例中使用的抽头接口的示意图;
图13是本发明第二个实施例中使用的简化的家庭接口控制器的示意图;
图14是本发明进一步实施例的示意图,在该实施例中,所有节点的电子设备是在每个用户的家庭接口控制器中;
图15是在本发明的系统中优先考虑使用的键盘输入遥控装置的示意图;
图16-18分别地说明了可选择的PC键盘接口,家庭接口控制器电话接口,和视频输入电子设备,用于输入用户生成视频以便建立分类广告;
图19表示本发明对在用户的家庭里的遥控电子产品的操作;
图20表示本发明的一个实施例,在该实施例中,信息是从外部信号源发送到各节点的;
图21-25说明使用本发明的节点,用于分配已去压缩电视节目的各种带宽利用方案;
图26说明一个实施例,在该实施例中,本发明的节点配置在电话公司光纤系统的远端站;
图27说明一个实施例,在该实施例中,利用了RF分配节点,并且节点的电子设备和存储器的大部分集中在始端的节点中;
图28A说明一个分配节点简化的电子设备;图28B说明一个节点中对视频压缩/去压缩的电子设备;图28C说明由于一个节点的馈线插入电子设备。
本发明是一种分布的计算机系统,它提供了多种为用户所用的信息和广告信号源。用户使用遥控装置与系统交互信息,并用不作改动的家用电视机如像其它TV频道一样来观看系统的输出。
包括有遥控接收机的一个小型家庭接口控制器置于电视机的顶上,并连接到电缆电视导线上与用户的电视机形成串接。该单元将用户遥控启动信号经备用的用户TV电缆发送到一个局部计算机,即所谓的节点,该节点是与家庭外部的电缆线路相连接的。
该节点计算机在接地与用户交互数据,并在诸如像硬磁盘这样的内部存储媒体上存储整个系统的所有数据完整考贝。该节点计算机在所有的方面都是完整的,而且无需回访中心计算机即可完成用户信息请求。该节点计算机的安置遍布整个电缆系统,在电线杆上,在地下,或在住宅楼的地下室,每个节点计算机服务于约40个家庭。
现参照附图,在附图中同样的参考号码表示相同的部件,而且,首先参照图1,系统的数据来源于各种约定的信息提供者或服务提供者。由区域处理单元4经计算机调制解调器,经过电话线2接收来自这些提供者的数据。整天都有广告和信息目录,如像分类广告和电视节目目录传到区域中心4。这些信息被进行处理,并订制成每个电缆系统的数据“杂志”。第二天早晨以前,已处理的数据杂志就做好送出准备,并且经计算机调制解调器,通过电话线6,发送到设置在目标电缆系统始端10的一个计算机8。
始端计算机8起着存储和转发装置的作用,用于接收该数据并重播该数据到整个电缆系统14的所有节点12。始端计算机8最好以9600bps或更高的数据速率发送更新数据。重复发送整套更新的数据,直至第二天为止。这样就保证了用块状差错校正码不能校正的随机噪声产生数据差错在下一个数据组通过时被校正。
应当注意到,因为始端计算机8更起着一个缓冲器的作用,它不是系统所必须的一个单元,即系统可以利用从区域处理中心4直接地发送到节点12的数据进行工作。但是,在本发明的优选实施例中包括有始端计算机8,因为在区域处理中心万一发生故障时,它提供一个外层备用存储器。
家庭用户使用红外遥控装置与系统进行交互。由一个称为家庭接口控制器(HIC)16的置顶单元接收该遥控信号。HIC16将收自该遥控装置的用户命令返送至家庭外部的节点12。
系统上传送的一些信息和服务提供与用户交互的期间,如像购卖戏、音乐会或运动票以及家庭购物的机会。用户的选择是被从节点12沿馈线电缆至最后的下游节点(“终端节点”)来传送的,并且从下游节点经过连接到终端节点的电话线18返回到始端计算机8,然后始端计算机8经过电话线20将用户响应数据包传回到区域中心4。区域处理中心4用特殊的服务提供器将用户响应的数据包变换为希望的格式,并且经计算机调制解调器,由电话线22将用户数据传回到各自的提供器。
系统上传送的典型信息包括:提前一个月的TV目录;分类广告;黄页型广告和目录,本地旅馆指南;本地文娱活动目录和其他信息,如像,现行的运动比赛,金融新闻,交通条件,现行在的天气雷达图象和预报。
信息和广告的各种信号源起源于用于图象信息的数字化视频格式,用于音频的数字化的声音和用作图信息的ASCⅡ或EBCDIC图文。这些目录和广告经计算机调制解调器从供给者的计算机(计算机至计算机链路)将被发送到区域处理中心4。
区域处理中心4对输入的数字化的图象,数字化的声音和图文进行变换和规范化使之成为系统的标准格式。然后将规范化的数据转移到面向目标数据库中。数据库的每一个目标是由如下成分的一个或多个构成的:一个或多个数字化的照象的或计算机图形的图象(例如动画系列图象);数字化的声音磁迹;一种超级图文形的原稿语言(根据用户输入来确定如何表示图象和放声音);图文信息(如像分类广告的正文图文或公司地址和营业时间);企业或营业位置的调(整用于计算从用户家庭到营业地点的距离);和存储库的输入)用于存储目标之间的联带关系)。
一旦被规范化并被储存在目标数据库中,该数据则根据类别被分组(TV目录,分类广告等)。按类分组的数据然后进一步地被处理以建立相关的关联性或数据目标之间的含义,相关之处关联性则是以存储库输入的形式加入各自的的目标中,以便使这种相关性与数据目标一起传送。
上面提到的超对话式原文语言是用于在翻译从遥控来的用户命令为用户的电视机屏幕上的功能信号中导引用户接口程序。例如,当一个家庭用户利用遥控器在一特定的图符、字、或其它图象顶端定位一个屏上方式的光标,然后再按下遥控器上的“播放”按扭时,这些功能信号可能包括显示的图象和放音的轨迹。
系统数据库的数据目标是以分层或堆栈信息的形式的广告,允许观看者研究堆栈(像在目录中翻页)以便揭示观看者感兴趣的信息的层次。分层的广告是一种消费手册或目录的电视等效物,观看者可随意地在其中进行翻阅,以便观看相关部分。
分层广告的数据结构可用于由在网络中传送的任何形式的信息。由系统传送的广告可能仅仅是图文,如像旧小汽车的简单分类广告,或可包含欲销售的旧小汽车的图片。该系统能以在一个目标模块中的数百幅图象和音频磁迹,以分层的方式存储和显示一个百货店的整个目录,此外,系统能象存储一个目标模块那样存储一个信息表,如像一个月的电视节目表。如果希望的话,一月的电视节目表能够包含选自电影或电视显示的场景中演员的图象,当观看者通过浏览TV节目表时,还伴有声音磁迹。
总之,本系统利用统一化的存储方法来封存从音频/视频全动部分到静态图象以至信息图文表格的各类信息。分层的数据结构对于解码和显示逻辑来说是呈现为一种统一的结构,利用这种解码和显示逻辑和用户进行交互。
信息和服务的提供者,广告商、报纸广告部门等都持有以普及型计算机技术为基础的电视-图形工作站。这些工作得以使它们的用户按其所期产生出结合有短的全动部分图象、静止图象和声音的完好的、广播质量的广告。这些广告而后则被经调制解调器传送到区域处理中心,以备其为系统数据库所容纳。
区域处理中心4负责用于每一电缆系统的完整信息组(称之谓杂志)的处理及汇编。一旦数据在该区域中心4中被汇编且被处理,它即可用于观看。这些数据只需传送到节点12以供家庭用户获取。
节点12是本发明系统分布结构的终点。以争用为基础,每一个节点12可服务于多达60个家庭(利用一个下文将讨论的优化节点扩展模块124)。其中,60家中的31个家庭可独立地、同时地使用该节点。家庭用户与节点12之间的交互是通过使用一红外控制装置(后面将讨论)的一个家庭接口控制器16来进行的。
节点12接收由始端计算机8发出的全部广告数据,并将其存储在内部的大规模存储介质上。从区域中心到计算机8而后再以这始端计算机8到节点12的这些日常发送的数据,仅包括对于节点数据库的变化部分。这些变化包括有附加的新数据,过期数据的删除以及对现存数据的更改。虽然系统在设计上是以承受100%的变化发生在每夜的,但对于给定的一天来说,这些更新的数据将影响全部数据库内容的20%。
与用户进行交互的整个数据库是设置在用户一方的。从节点12至每一个家庭有一个全电视频道带宽可用。一个电缆系统可采用上千个或更多的节点。将这种系统与过去的及现行的电视图文系统相对照,它通过电话线以1/1000的电视频道的带宽进行通信,并且以单一的中心计算机来为有数万个或更多的用户的整个城市服务。
参考图1和图2,一些广告是在信息提供者和广告商的办公室中的工作站上生成的。数据表格,例如电视节目单,电影节目单及分类广告是由计算机调制解调器经电话线2从信息提供者输入到区域处理中心4并且被转化成广告目标模块的。
一经规范化,这些目标模块则被一起分组,以便传输到它们各自的电缆电视系统。这种数据杂志(广告组)则被以优选的56kbps的数据速率[虽然速率可以是从2400波特至T1(11544Mbs/秒)之间的任何值]经相同线路6发送。在电缆系统到所有的节点12之间,由始端计算机8同时地以合适的数据速度(最好是9600波特)重发该数据杂志,以便更新节点的数据库。
始端计算机8最好为一个以微处理器为基础的式工业化的控制器计算机,带有高超能力的磁或光的读/写存储装置。始端计算机8的输出是一个74MHZ(在电视频道4和5之间)的射频载波。这一载波被用一个简单频移键控(FSK)技术调制,最好是以9600bps的数据速率进行。
数据已调制的74MHZ载波被接入电缆电视始端10,经过射频(RF)组合器,伴随普通的电缆电视频道而达到现存的电缆电视设备。如同在普通的或特殊的电缆电视系统中那样,RF组合器的输出连接到干路同轴电缆24。干路24是高质量的同轴电缆,它构成了电缆系统的主要部分。每相距四分之一英里设置一个主干路放大器26,以保持信号强度。在跨越街道或需要的地方,由桥式放大器28分出一些信号离开干路以供给进入住宅街道的馈线同轴电缆30。
像干路电缆24那样,馈线电缆30也有放大器,称之为线扩展器32,每四分之一英里放置一个(这大约是十个电话线杆的距离)。在每一个电话线杆处(有时在两个线杆之间)从馈线分出几个抽头34。每个抽头34通常有4至8个输出端,用户的分支电缆与这些输出端相连接。分支电缆36连接到家庭,随后转入室内并与用户的电视机38相端接。每个馈线电缆通常有两个线扩展器放大器,有时配有3个,但从信号质量的角度讲,更多的放大器无必要。
一个节点12被置于紧随桥式放大器28之后的馈线电缆的始端。其它的节点12则沿每一条馈线电缆30放置在每个线扩展器32之后。作为一个例子,对于一个使用了2000英里电缆馈线、拥有100,000个用户的大型电缆系统来说,将需要大约8000个线放大器。这样的一个系统相应地要使用8000个节点。
在图2A所示的另一个实施例中,连接在馈线电缆30的始端上的节点还能为数量多达与第一个线扩展器32相连的用户数量的、但与同一桥式放大器28相连而处于另一馈线电缆上的用户提供服务。如果附加一条返回路径,如图2B所示,一个单一节点也能为处于一线扩展器32两端的家庭提供服务。最终,如图2c所示,如果位于一馈线线路上的线扩展器32被提高超过650MHZ,而且假如也附加有一返回路径的话,那么一个节点就可以为与一单个桥式放大器28相连的多条馈线上的全部家庭提供服务。
家庭用户利用一红外遥控器40与系统进行交互。遥控信号由放置在用户电视机38顶上的家庭接口控制器(HIC)16接收。HIC16与用户电缆分支36(当使用电缆转换箱时,还同该转换箱)以及用户电视机38相串联。用户的指令被返送到用户电缆分支36并经过抽头34回到处于与其家庭靠近的电话线杆上的节点12。在HIC16和节点12之间的这种信号指令传送是在5至50MHZ的频带上进行的,所有的电缆系统都保留这一频带以用于频带信号指令的返送。
在每一条馈线30上的最后的节点42都有一个与其连接的电话线18,该节点用这一电话线将用户的响应送回到始端计算机8。从末端节点42起沿馈线下游方向上的全部节点(一般为两个)将它们用户的响应传送到末端节点42,这种传送经一74.5MHZ的RF载波(在频道4和5之间)且最好是以9600bps的数据速率进行的。为完成其回路,始端计算机8经数据链路20将用户的响应送回到区域中心4。
总之,通过使用频道间未被使用的空间,该系统移送数据更新跨越该电缆系统而不使用任何电缆电视频道。用于交互服务的返回路径以一个低的频率将用户分支连接至节点,尔后,以频道间的频率空间沿馈线电缆下传至每条馈线的末端,然后以电话线返送到始端计算机,再用电话线传到区域计算机中心和电话,从这计算机中心及电话到达各自的服务提供者。从用户返回到用户服务提供者的累计延迟不大于5秒。
现在来参考图3、图4和图5,其中,每个节点所传送的标准电视频道数可高达32个。这32个频道作为相邻的频道的一组来传送,其使用的频带在最后的电缆系统使用频道之上。举例而言,如果电缆系统提供50个服务频道,则本发明的系统将使用频道51至82。在一个50至450MHZ的电缆系统上被本发明所使用的频率是从462至654MHZ。如果该电缆系统使用50至300MHZ的带宽,则本发明使用的带宽是312至450MHZ。这些频率经过抽头34和任何在家庭中的分裂器,但不通过线扩展器32或不衰减的桥式干路放大器28。从电缆系统的始端起,其这些带外频率是不能为其系统使用的,因为受到主干路和馈线放大器的串联的带宽限制。
图4的阴影区表示使用带宽。通过28和32的垂直灰色频带表示最小的带宽区。对于一个典型的电缆系统来说,如上所述,该带宽是300至450MHZ。节点12利用馈线电缆30、抽头34和用户分支36的未使用带宽达到家庭,该带宽是600MHZ的一小部分。这可用水平阴影线区44表示。每个节点12仅服务于至下一个线扩展器32前的抽头,通常其数目少于20个,而且是30个家庭的平均数。
从节点12来的在462至654MHZ范围内的一些信号将会通过线路扩展器32,其原因是在我们的实例中的线路扩展器在它们的顶部频率450MHZ处没有锐截止频率。为了处理这些信号,馈线插入器46包括一个低通滤波器48,它完全地阻止高于450MHZ的频带信号,以便使下一个节点12能够再用462至654MHZ的频率范围,使其服务于到下一个线路扩展器前的一组抽头,以此类推。
当一个用户按下一遥控器40上的按键时,HIC16按收该命令并将该命令调制在11MHZ的载频上,该载频径抽头34、馈线插入器46而发送到用户分支,从而到达节点12。馈线插入器46中含有一个陷波滤波器49,11MHZ的载频在双路电缆系统中的进一步上行(图的左边)传送。在该双路电缆系统中,包含有安装在线扩展器32和桥放大器28中的返回路经放大器(5至50MHZ)。
在11MHZ的载波上,所有的HICs16信号返回到它们各自的节点12。为了避免争用,节点12以循环的方式在12MHZ的频率轮寻HICs16。当用户在屏幕上挑选了诸如商店息票或戏票之类的可以打印输出的选择时,该HIC轮寻频率还载有用于打印机50的数据。12MHZ载波的第3个用途是作为从节点12至HICs16的可用频道的状态。当用户第一次拿起遥控器40并按下任何按键时,HIC16读出这状态字并选择可得到的任何最低的频道。然后HIC16在11MHZ的频率上返回通知节点12以保留该频道。
为了进行交互服务,例如家庭购物或购票,用户响应需要返回到各自的服务提供者。如上所说,系统经一存贮及转发节点来双路交互性。假设用户同图4中最左边的节点正在进行交互。用户的响应以11MHZ载频从HIC16上传到分支36再到节点12。节点12以74.5MHZ的载频传送用户的响应到达馈送电缆30的最后节点42。终端节点42包括一个调制解调器67(图6A)并经过电话线18转送用户响应到始端计算机8。该计算机8将用户响应转发到区域中心4,最后由区域中心4将该响应送至各个业务的提供者。从用户到业务的提供者,经网络的总延迟将小于5秒钟。
除去一个频道外,系统的所有频道都是交互式的。按照先到先服务的原则对这些交互式的频道进行分配。所有的频道都被扰码加密,一个家庭只能观看分配给他的那个频道。频道一经分配,由HIC16对该频道进行解扰,以供用户的观看者观看。根据请求(用户启动遥控器40来请求频道),系统的一个频道分配给一个家庭,而且只能是一个家庭。频道将保持其被分配的状态,直到用户放弃它或者是在一定的分钟数后没有任何来自其用户的响应。
对于每一特定的节点而言,有足够的可用频道以满足2∶1或者更大的争用。针对所期的争用级别,若干个音频/视频RF模块(将参照图6B描述)被插入以对一个节点增容。
一旦一个系统频道被分配到可争用它的40个家庭中的一个家庭,则该家庭用户以保密的方式与节点12交互。其它家庭是不能观看到该频道的。对于该用户来说,系统的这一频道是接到其电视机的专用频道。用户与系统间进行交互,使用遥控器移动屏幕上显示的指针到一个光标、图文或选择的图象之上,并且按动遥控器40上标有“PLAY”的键,来选择其节目和获取所希望的信息。
当用户调谐到该系统频道时,该频道就将显示这最新的TV节目表。只要调谐到本发明所指定的系统电缆电视频道,处在该电缆电视系统的全部用户都可看到这种服务。一旦调节到这种频道,用户则收看系统的非交互式的频道。如果用户拿起遥控器40并按动其上的任一按键,则为了获取一个专用系统频道的请求即被送到节点12。然后系统就自动地转换到多达31个专用交互频道中的一个频道(假定该频道是可用的),并且该用户能够开始使用该系统而无必要担心频道的变化。
从仅为非交互式的显示的频道变换到一个交互式的频道是由在用户电视机38顶上的家庭接口控制器(HIC)16来完成的。以循环的方式,该家庭接口控制器16监视着从节点12来的到动态HIC16去的一个用一轮寻指令调制的12MHZ FSK数据流。(另一个实施例是利用非交互频道的垂直消隐期从节点按收频道指令和频道放弃命令。
由于在使用这一系统过程中用户要特别花可观的时间来看选单及其它不动的信息显示,采用在每个HIC中加装一个帧提取器39的方法以使得在这“死”期内其真正的频道被释放(当无新的信息从该节点收到时)以供其它的用户所用。因此,只在数据被真正地从节点传送到HIC的这样一个短时期内用户才被指定一真实的频道,这样就使真实频道更有效地利用并由此避免了争用的问题。
在图8A中详细地示出了帧提取器39。它包括帧提取控制逻辑电路202,视频D/A变换器204、视频RAM206、视频A/D变换器208和NTSC编码器212。在工作中,当从CPU80收到一个选通指令时,帧提取器控制逻辑电路202则在合适的时间(根据NTSC同步信号)启动视频D/A变换器204,把视频帧变换成数字数据。根据帧提取器控制逻辑电路202提供的地址将该数字数据存贮在视频RAM206中。在视频RAM206中存储的帧数据由视频D/A变换器208(在帧提取器的控制逻辑电路202的控制下)反变换成视频信号。该信号被送到NTSC编码器212并随后送至A/B开关41。在CPU80控制下工作的A/B开关或是让来自实际频道的视频信号通过而到达RF调制器98或是让来自帧提取器39的视频帧通过而达到RF调制器98。有关选通到达用户电视机的信号的内容将在后面描述。当A/B开关41让来自帧提取器39通过达到用户时,存储数据帧被重复地从RAM206读出,变换为视频信号并且送到用户的TV。这一过程被连续地进行,直到用户准备好在它的电视机屏幕上调至新的一页或一屏为止。
如图8所示,家庭接口控制器16在电路设计上不仅能够将存储的数据帧而且能将任何可得到的交互式频道转换成与非交互式模式频道(频道1)相同的频道。HIC16也包含有一个从遥控器40接的指令的红外接收器。该接收的指令被调制到一个11MHZ的载波上并从家庭的电缆返送到室外的节点12。
遥控装置40(图15)是以电池操作为基础的普通遥控红外遥控技术。该遥控器有一个触调区52,在该区上,用户按动一个按钮而引起指示光标在屏上按比例地移动。这种触调器是由Macintosh计算机所采用的模拟机器鼠标的无线装置之一。
系统最好包括一个热敏或喷墨式打印机50,以使得系统按要求打印出屏幕上信息的硬考贝。该计算机也能打印出用于特殊推销的试样。另一个期望打印机50所具有的特征是打印出具有单一通用条码而编码的戏票,体育票及音乐会票,这些条码的票能在戏院或体育馆被扫描以便确认。用户通过将一信用卡号码和PIN码输入到电视屏幕的方法,可以通过系统购买各种票。
总之,本发明的系统是一个分布处理的基本系统,设计用来为用户提供一种高度交互式及激励环境。该系统以静止帧和短的全动片断的方式来显示照片质量的图象并都伴有同步的伴音。由于它的显示照片质量图象的能力,本系统不基于任何诸于NAPLPS或GKS等图象规程。该系统胜过了目的视频游艺机以及先前的可视图文系统。
参考图5至8,数据更新从始端计算机出发以74MHZ的载波在电缆电视的馈送电缆上传送通过一个方向耦合器30和分裂器59。该数据由RF数据接收/解调器62(最好以9600bps的数据速率输出数据)进行解调并送到I/O处理器64。I/O处理器64。I/O处理器64转送数据至系统RAM66,然后由CPU68读取并转送到局部硬盘70(如图5所示,用于节点的直流电是由电源60提供的,电源60是以通过电源结合器55、从电缆馈线而来的交流电所驱动的)。
节点控制软件将接收的数据放置在系统的数据库之中并进行若干个检索步骤以便将该数据编入现存的数据库目录中。这些目录包括产品类型、名称、公司名称及产品及业务所属的目录等等。此外,数据更新项(广告数据目标)包含有将数据库输入(目标)联接进入一个等级储库的储库输入,从而在节点数据库的数据之间建立一个含意及相关性的网络。
当一个用户将其电视机调谐到该系统非交互式频道时(一般是比被该电缆系统所用频道高一个频道),用户仅是在观看一个非交互式系统的频道在展示其最新电视节目表在电视屏幕上滚动。由于该用户仅是在观看一个仅供观看的频道(在462MHZ的系统频道),该用户不能与这一图像进行交互。处于该电缆电视系统的所有观看者都能同时观看该频道而无论在其家中是否有家庭接口控制器16。家庭接口控制器16具有一个阻塞该频道的陷波电路72,但是直到用户采用利用遥控器40并按动任意按键以前,该陷波电路是被一RF开关74锁闭的,以使信号通过。来自用户的r/c指令是由置在电视机顶上的、安装在HIC外壳上的红外接收器76所接收。该信号由遥控接收/解调器78进行解调并送至HIC CPU80。
通过从由节点12以一个12MHZ载波下传至用户分支36的数据流据流中读取一个状态字,HIC CPU80开始查询请求一个交互性、指定系统频道的处理过程,以使用户能同系统交互。通过方向耦合器82并通过分裂器/混合器84,该载波被从用户分支36上分离开。RF数据接收器86检测该信号,并从该信号解调出一系列数据流送往一CPU I/O端口。HIC CPU80读该状态字节并选择这可得到的最低的交互式频道号码(31个中的一个)。假如所有频道都处于占用(这是很少发生的),则红色指示器亮灯以指示占用。该HIC CPU80将连续观查状态字直到有一个频道可用为止。当有一频道可用而且是处于运行状态时,则HIC CPU80使绿色“准备好”灯90亮。假设一频道是可用的,则节点12将指定该频道给正请求的HIC16。HIC CPU80将对指定的频道编址在可编程频道调谐器92上。该调谐器92将该频道从RF解调为视频。然而,没有任何交互频道是以视频同步信息来传播的,因而是加密的,并且是不能用普通电视机收看的。
全部32个系统频道都由在节点12中的同一个视频同步产生器进行同步。为了将视频同步信号再次加入交互式频道,HIC16从吸引模式频道提取同步。这是通过将频道调谐器93总被调谐在462MHZ的非交互式频道1上来实现的。该调谐器93解调系统频道1并将复合视频信号送到一个NTSC同步提取器96,该电路将同步信号送到一个NESC同步加法器97,重建交互频道的信号成为完全的复合视频信号。
一旦重新同步,这交互式频道的视频信号则由RF调制器98调制到系统频道1的频率上(462MHZ)。CPU U/O使RF开关74处于开路态,使462MHZ陷波滤波器72生效,滤除这吸引模式频道的信号。与这种I/O指令的相反的指令是选通RF调制器98,将交互频道置于同一频率。对于用户来说,除去其电视屏幕变成初始选单外,没发生其它事情。现在用户可以与系统交互。
利用从468至654MHZ频谱的交互式频道有31个。这些交互式频道是从来自节点12中的NAM100所存储的广告数据目标的图象与声音而生成的。该数据目标是当系统确定所需显示信息或图象以及声音时被存放在RAM100中的。欲将显示的数据目标被调出硬盘70并存入系统RAM66。该数据目标包含已压缩视频和音频成分。CPU68从RAM66读出一个已压缩的图象并将该图象通过图象去压缩器102。去压缩器102的输出信号被加到RAM100。从一广告数据目标来的音频轨迹经受同样的处理过程。当与视频成分在一起时,该音频轨迹是以被压缩的形式从硬盘70上读出的。CPU将已压缩的音频信号送到数字信号处理器(DSP)102以进行去压缩,并将去压缩的数字音频信号送到RAM100。
视频显视逻辑电路106受视频同步产生器104的驱动,从存贮器中读出数字图象信号并将其送至D/A转换器108,从而生成一模拟视频波形。当需要时,数字化的音频轨迹被从存贮器读出并送至一个音频D/A转换器109。音频的处理发生在音频处理逻辑电路部分110中。在NTSC编码器112中对视频与音频成分进行编码,以生成加到RF调制器114上的广播质量的视频信号。虽然这产生于视频同步产生器104中的NTSC同步信号为了服务于合适NTSC编码的定时目的被与其视频和音频成分结合在一起,该同步信号随后将由同步抑制器115从交互式频道(即除去频道1的全部频道)中抑制掉。如上所述,这种同步信号不在这些频道中出现,防止了用户收看一个已分配给另一用户的频道。
RF调制器114的输出被送到RF结合器116,它起一个混合器的作用以便产生一个结合频道的宽带信号。这已结合的频道信号被通过一个在馈线插入器46(见图5)中的混合器/分裂器118,并经一个方向耦合器120插到馈线电缆30上,以便传送到抽头34并传送到连及用户的用户分支36。
节点扩展接口控制器122逻辑地将CPU68与一节点扩展模块124(图7)相耦合。该扩展模块124提供了16个附加的交互式频道。对于期望有高达32个频道(其中31个为交互式)能力时,这16个附加频道是需要的,因为每个CPU只能控制16个频道。一般说来,16个频道(15个为交互式)可以充分地控制以争用为基础的40个用户,然而,在一个诸如公寓建筑的电缆系统的高密度区域,需要有31个交互式频道。节点扩展模块124的输出通过方向耦合器126与基本节点的RF结合器116相连接。
本发明可以有各种交互方式的实施例。在如图9所示的另一个实施例中,从HIC16出发的多数线路被除去并被转接到抽头,尤其是一个抽头接口128。图10给出了用于本发明这一实施例的节点电路。如图11A和11B所示,只有吸引模式频道电路保留在节点12中,而抽头接口128现在包括用于交互频道的电路,但其中仅有一个这种频道,而且该频道必须是以争用为基础正常地连接至该抽头的四个用户所拥有。抽头接口128也包含陷波滤波器,该陷波滤波器用于将单一交互式频道连接到选择该频道的第一个用户,而其它的家庭保持与非交互式频道相连接。
在图12所示的另一个本发明的实施例中,抽头接口128包含有分离的处理电子设备,用于与一个节点相关的连接到抽头的多达60个家庭的每一个家庭,在该实施例中,家庭之间绝对没有对在节点中存储的数据的争用。这与本发明的第一个实施例不同,在第一个实施例中存在有一些争用,但只要求多达32套的处理电路,每套电路用于一个频道。
在图13所示的本发明的另一个实施例中,所的的节点电路都被提供在每一家庭HIC16中。在这种情况中,每一个HIC16都至少会包括如图10所示的全部电路,但如图12所示的实施例中,家庭间不会有任何争用。
在图15中,较为详细地示出了本发明所采用的红外遥控装置40。该装置的接触输入区52由薄片开关阵列132构成。在其未启动态,16个分接口134之一的全部输出是关闭的,感应阵列132的全部垂直列。当用户触动阵列上的任何触点时,开关的闭合被16个复接器136中之一检测到,从而引起标有“ANYOUT”的输出端口的16个复接器136中之一成为高电平,从而启动定时器138。定时器138的高电平输出随后启动门控振荡器140并中止16个分接器134的“全通”状态,并经过4×4矩阵计数器/扫描器142分别进行对阵列132的列与行的扫描与读出。由扫描器142检测到的开关闭合被并行输入到串联Manchester编码器144与输入位置相对应进行编码,编码的信号被送往红外发射器146。
参考图19,红外遥控装置40也可用来接收来自HIC16遥控红外收发机78上的红外发射器77的红外信号,并将这接收的红外信号转发到辐射范围内的其它电子装置。从而,举例来说,一个用户可以编程一个节点(经红外遥控装置采用屏上命令)以接通一个电视机或VCR从而在预选时间进行预选频道的调谐。节点12(在其存储器中存有为现在所有的电子产品来说,单独所用的红外命令)在预选的时间将合适的命令送到HIC16,并且这些命令从发射器77被发射到红外遥控装置40。在红外遥控装置40上的一个红外接收器147接收到该命令,命令的标题用CPU145来识别,CPU145使得该命令被红外遥控装置40再次发射,经Manchester编码器144和红外发射器146,发射到将被启动的电视机或VCR。另一方面,通过从一个选处的墙或其它任何合适的、正确定向的反射面使一命令信号回弹的方式,HIC16可以将命令直接地发射到它所控制的装置。在上述方式中,本发明可被用作为一种通用的遥控装置。
本发明还可以用于在那些使用电力线载波技术的家庭中的控制和/或读取装置。例如,用户能够对系统编程,经遥控装置(节点通过使用具有交互式命令的这种特征指导用户)输入合适的命令,在某一时间内打开室内的电灯,用户命令是从家庭接口控制器发送到节点并存储在节点中的。在已编程用以启动的时候,节点送出一个指令到用户的家庭接口控制器以接通电灯,而且家庭接口控制器通过把家庭的电源线上的灯的插座连通的方法来执行该指令。
此外,公益事业公司可以使用本发明的这一特征用于供需方面的管理。比如说,为了避免在使用高峰期的断电,而临时地关掉空调压缩机、电热水器或其它大功率耗电的用户。还可以用于供电线路的管理,公益公司不仅能控制本系统用户的高功率使用,而且能控制相邻家庭的高功率使用。因为是一般有四个家庭共同一个变压器,而且由于60%的家庭连接到电缆,因而这公益公司应当在实际上有能力对使用本发明的邻里间全部用户进行控制。
如图16所示,本发明的优选的系统可带有一种接口单元,允许用户插入一个普通的PC键盘150,且从而使用户直接输入字母指令而无需使用IR遥控器40。提供给用户的单元包括一个标准的PC键盘连接器,键盘扫描逻辑单元电路152,遥控调制器/驱动器154和一个红外二极管发射机156。
另外,没有PC键盘或需要一个专用键盘来使用该系统的用户可提供一个特殊的接触输入单元40,除去如图15所示的接触输入区52以外,它还包括一个全字母-数字薄膜开关键盘。
如图17所示,另一个可得的选择是一个接口,该接口能够使用户输入往本系统传输的分类广告的视频信号。该单元包括一个接收插孔158,以输入来自一摄录象机或VCR的视频信号和来自用户的HIC16中视频-RF调制器160的视频信号。一个将RF变为视频的解调器162和一个视频数字化器164被置于节点12中以便进行解调并将视频信号变为数字化视频数据,按照前述的方式,将此视频数据送到区域处理中心。
如图18所示的进一步的选择方案是在HIC16中装有一个自动拨号器,用于向商人或来自屏幕的分类广告商自动地拨号,以使用户通过电话直接地向出售者讲话。经一个电话公司用户线路接口168,CPU166自动地为用户接入呼叫。
本发明的节点可被事先编程以控制家庭接口控制器以使插入的图文重叠在用户正在观看的特定的电视节目上显示,询问这些用户是否他们有性趣得到有关正在推销的产品的附加信息。如果一个用户的回答是肯定的(通过他的遥控装置),该用户的家庭接口控制器送这一肯定的答复到节点,并且这所要求的附加信息被置于在该节点处的用户的电子“邮箱”中。当用户在晚些检查他的邮箱时,他将发现这附加信息是可供观看的。
本发明的节点也可被编程以便在一般的电缆电视的广告的黄金时间中提供定制的广告给本系统的用户。在本发明的这一实施例中,正在观看一特定节目的用户将被自动地转换到一实际的频道,通过该频道,为他们特定的某些人而定作的一商业广告将被被传送。该定制的广告为了在节目中播放,将在特别分配的30秒钟或1分钟的间隔之内经一实际的频道从节点被传送到用户。在广告时间的结尾,用户将从实际频道返回原来的频道并将恢复正常的节目。以这种方式,广告商能够为不同的人的群组准备多样的广告,从而使得被一类用户观看的广告将被针对其观看者的兴趣而定制,而同时其它的观众将看到的是一种不同的、为他们的购买习惯而定制的商业广告。同样地,这种系统从原来广播节目到一真实频道,然后再从该真实频道返回原来频道节目的转换对用户来说是显而易见的,这种转换被伴之以对同步信息的利用,该同步信息是从广播网络接收并且是经一数据频道从始端计算机发送到该节点的。
参考图20,节点12可装备有卫星和/或RF接收器170,以便接收广播的节目并经一实际频道将其下发送到节点的馈线30。以这样的方式,附加的广播节目可被提供到该系统的用户而无需使用已经拥挤的电缆电视频道空间。同样,经一光纤电缆或一传统的同轴电缆,节点可与始端直接地联接,以便于特定节目的再次传输或用于数据库管理系统的存取。
一个节点12也可以从耦合到该节点下游抽头的一个局部视频信号源172(如一个视频租用店商)接收节目。该信号源在上游频带的5-30MHZ的频带(与用户指令频带相同)传送到节点。这样则信号能上游经过而到该节点。节点12则将接收的视频信号转换到真实频道的更高的频率,以便根据要求而下传至用户的馈线。
本发明的节点也可用于对已压缩的电视频道去压缩并将这去压缩的电视频道分配给与本节点相连接的用户。采用本发明,使得电缆电视公司无需安装在每个家庭中的昂贵的去压缩电路或改良电缆电视系统的设备就可传输更多的频道数。
在本发明的该实施例中,最好是以4∶1的比率压缩观看最少的那些电视频道,并且在普通电视的频道间隙上从电缆电视的始端开始发送。具有四个已压缩电视信号的频道在一个未被压缩的标准频道空间内传送。在遍布电缆电视系统而分配的去压缩的节点处,这些已压缩的电视信号被去压缩成普通的可接收标准电视频道。当用户要求这些已压缩的频道之一时,这去压缩的频道则通过一真实频道从去压缩节点被发送到该家庭用户的HIC。
诸如像Jeerold(通用仪器)、数字电缆(Digi Cable)或空间图象(Skypix)移动系统这些现行的系统,在每个用户的家庭中都安置有一个贵重的变换器,以便对已压缩的频道去压缩并对其显示。在本发明中,昂贵的去压缩逻辑电路是放置在服务于20至100甚至更多电缆用户的节点中,当用户请求一个被压缩的频道时,则该频道在节点中被去压缩并以“真实频道间隔”或先前由已压缩频道占有的空间再发送到用户。如果多个用户请求相同的被压缩频道时,他们的HIC被分配给相同的实际频道,在该频道上已经有去压缩的频道被传送。
参考图21至25,它们示出了取决于在特定区域内所要提供服务的用户密度而能够使用的各种带宽利用方案。图21是最好使用在低密度郊区的带宽利用方案。在该区内,有12个基本频道(频道2-13)不压缩地发到所有的用户,还有80个已压缩的频道由处在桥式放大器的去压缩节点以高于第13频道的20个标准电视频道空间内发送到由此节点提供服务大约50个电缆用户的每一个。如前所述,其电路是这样构成,即要使多个用户能观看正在传送去压缩视频节目的同一真实频道。因而,只要是不在特定时间有多于20的不同去压缩频道被选择观看,则有可能使50个用户都能同时地观看去压缩的频道而毫无冲突。
图22示出了一个适于高密度郊区的最好方案,在该区中,每个节点为大约100个家庭提供服务。同图21的方案一样,去压缩的节点只是置于桥式放大器,但在此情况中,去压缩的节目是经由40个真实频道发送的,这就使40个家庭的每一个(100中的)在某一时刻能够请求80个已压缩频道的一个。同样地,多个用户可同时观看同一个被去压缩的节目。这是通过沿电缆电视馈线的引线增加线路扩展器的频响而实现的。
图23表示的是另一种带宽的利用方案,它适用于诸如市区街道或公寓住房的更为稠密区。在本实例中,去压缩节点沿馈线30放置,以使每个节点为大约100个家庭服务。去压缩的节目在典型的32个标准频道间隔之上的30个附加频道上由每一个去压缩节点发送。沿馈线的每一个节点处,都带有一个低通滤波器176以阻止实际频道空间,以使得这些相同实际频道可以被用来传输真实的频道至沿馈线下行的相邻的100个家庭而不干扰相邻节点。
最后参考图24和图25所示的模拟带宽利用方案,其中,所有的电缆电视频道均被允许通过该系统并可被全部用所用,而且,在示于可被电缆电视系统所用的最高频道的空间传输去压缩的节目。然而,在此情况中,已压缩的节目必须是以一外部信号源(例如经卫星接收器70,射频或如图20所示的光纤链路)送到节点的。
可以在节点采用跳频加扰技术以防止未被授权的用户收看由该节点分布去压缩的频道。在本实施例中,用一个随机数发生器(如图28b所示的灵活的RF调制器196,每一个用户一个频率)周期地改变由节点去压缩频道输出的频率(在垂直消隐期间进行变化)。每一个家庭接口控制器包含一个相同的随机数发生器,它与节点的随机数发生器严格一致以便对扰频的信号解扰。另一方面,节点能够将频道跳跃的命令加到HIC,以便保持HIC与其同步。为了高度的保密性,这些命令可利用任何公知的加密技术,诸如DES加密技术进行加密。在这种情况中,每一个家庭接口控制器都应包含一个解密“键”,并且应由节点周期地对该键进行更新。
参考图27,本发明的节点12可被放置在一个中心位置上,例如在一个始端上,并且经过同轴电缆或光纤电缆将信息与节目送到位于邻近电缆电视桥式放大器28的馈线的分布节点上。如图28A与28B所示,分配节点192仅包含需要用来作频率转换的电路、进行实际频道分配和视频压缩/去压缩的电路,-而进行处理及数据存储的这大部分电路现在是处在始端的节点12中。
在操作中,用户的命令被发送至分配节点190,该节点将这些命令用RF调制解调器191经同轴电缆或光纤电缆送到始端。始端分配一个频道用于将所请求的信息和/或节目传输到分配节点190,还分配一个频道用于从分配节点190到用户家庭的传输。标示这些频道的控制数据被从始端送到分布节点190,该节点用RF调制解调器197将这些数据解调成为一数字数据流并送到I/O处理器64。通过光纤或同轴电缆并用一个50-450MHZ的典型的频带,这被要求的信号和/或节目被从始端节点12送到分布节点190。(这50-450MHZ的频带是对于系统为可用的,因为这光纤或同轴电缆是不被电缆电视所用的。)
如图28b所示,在分布节点CPU的控制下,RF调谐器192接收由节点12在始端发出的包含有所要求的信息和/或节目的频道。如果该请求是要求节目的,而且该节目在始端已经被压缩,那么该节目在分布节点190中将由视频压缩-去压缩处理器194被去压缩。该去压缩的节目则被由NTSC编码器112进行编码,并由频率 变RF调制器196调制到所指定的真实频道的频率上。然后该信息或节目再被从分布节点190发送到用户。在始端的中心数据存储对于经过系统而分配视频信号到用户是十分重要的。如图28c所示,来自一用户接口控制器的用户视频信号通过双向滤波器118进入到分配节点190,而该滤波器是置于与来自始端(图28A)的RF相同的线路上。RF调谐器192捕捉用户的视频信号(图28B),并通过视频压缩处理器194传送它。已压缩的用户视频由RF调制解调器193调制并输出经过在光纤或同轴电缆上的双向滤波器195而到达在始端的节点12(先于从分布节点190到始端的该传输,标示被使用来传输的控制数据被从始端节点12传送到分布节点190的CPU12,随之用来控制RF调制解调器193)。在始端,这些已压缩的视频信号可以被连接到始端的任何系统用户存取(以及被去压缩)。以这种方式,本发明可以被用于电视会议。应注意,在始端节点12的视频压缩/去压缩的电子设备所执行的功能是与采用相同构造的分布结点190的功能相反的。
在那些电话公司直接地用光缆服务于家庭的区域,本发明的节点可被设置在一电话公司光纤系统的远端终端。
参考图26,各节点被每一个选端终端180并且在当用户请求一个交互频道和其它所期的节目时,将一个时域复用频道(TDM)插入到各个用户的时间分割器中。被要求的信息或频道经光纤181传到路边基座箱(Curb-side Pedestals)182,并由此经同轴电缆158分配到每一个家庭184。节点12接收来自存储和转发计算机186的数据更新,该计算机置于电话系统的中心局(类似于电缆电视设计的始端计算机8),经典型的1.2GHZ光纤将电话公司的中心局连接到每一个远端终端。
虽然本发明是参照相关的特定实施例进行介绍的,但对于本专业的技术人员而言,多种其它的变形及修正及使用都将为明显的。因而最好是这本发明不是受到本公开的说明书的限定,而是受到所附的权利要求的限定。
Claims (9)
1、一种交互式电视信息系统,用以将视频图像信息传送给耦合在一个电缆电视分配系统上的多个家庭电视机,其特征在于包括:
一个区域处理中心,用以汇编和处理在上述电缆分配系统上传送的上述视频图像信息;
至少有一个节点耦合到所述电缆电视分配系统上,用以捕捉和存储上述已处理和已汇编的视频图像信息,所述的节点至少与多个上述家庭电视机中的一个相关联;
其中,正在观看一个上述家庭电视机的一个电缆电视的用户设备,借助于向上述节点传送的一些指令,可以显示出存储在上述相关联的节点中的上述电视图像信息,并以与上述电视图像信息互相配合,在上述电缆电视分配系统中的每个上述的节点都含有与上述区域处理中心在上述电缆分布系统上传送的上述视频图像信息基本相同的一个拷贝,以使上述用户设备直接与存储在上述节点中的上述视频图像信息相配合,而不是与存储在上述区域处理中心的上述视频图像信息相配合。
2、如权利要求1所述的交互式电视信息系统,其特征在于,所述的节点包括用于将上述视频图像信息以视频频率传送给上述家庭电视机的装置,上述的视频频率是该电缆分配系统传送普通电缆电视节目所不使用的频率。
3、如权利要求2所述的交互式电视信息系统,其特征在于,每个上述的家庭电视机都含有一个与接收装置相关连的家庭接口控制器,上述接收装置根据争用的结果来接收由上述节点传送的多个频道中的一个,上述的家庭接口控制器在起用时就分配了来自上述节点的一个频道,这个频道是不被与上述节点相关联的任何其它字庭接口控制器使用的频道,上述视频图像信息在上述被指定的频道上从上述节点传送到上述家庭接口控制器。
4、如权利要求3所述的交互式电视信息系统,其特征在于,还包括与上述家庭接口控制器相关联的装置,用以打印从上述相关联的节点接收的信息。
5、如权利要求1所述的交互式电视信息系统,其特征在于还包括:
一个始端,用以将电缆电视节目分配给上述电缆分配系统的各用户设备并压缩所选取的电视频道;和,
至少有一个节点耦合到上述电缆电视分配系统并且与上述耦合到电缆电视系统的多个家庭电视机中的一部分相关联,用以将在上述始端已被压缩的被选定电视频道解除压缩,根据要求,将上述的已解除压缩的电视频道分配给正在观看的且与上述节点相关联的家庭电视机的电缆电视的用户设备。
6、如权利要求3所述的交互式电视信息系统,其特征在于,所述的家庭接口控制器含有帧提取电路,用以存储来自上述节点的视频图像信息的各帧,以便仅在视频图像信息从上述节点传送到所说家庭接口控制器时,来自上述节点的上述频道才分配给上述用户接口控制器,而在其它的全部时间,上述频道是处于释放状态,供视频信息传送给其它的家庭接口控制器用。
7、一种交互式电视信息系统,用以在一光纤电话系统上将视频图像信息传送给多个家庭电视机,其特征在于包括:
一个区域处理中心,用以汇编和处理在上述电缆分配系统上传送的上述视频图像信息;
至少一个节点置于上述光纤电话系统远端终端,用以捕捉和存储上述已处理和已汇编的视频图像信息,根据请求,上述视频图像信息从上述节点分配给正在观看上述家庭电视机的用户设备。
8、一种用以将交互式视图像信息传送到耦合在一电缆分配系统上的家庭电视机的方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
a)在一区域处理中心内处理和汇编信息;
b)从上述区域处理中心将上述已处理并且已汇编的的信息传送给上述电缆电视分布系统内的多个节点,每一个上述节点至少与一个上述家庭电视机相关联,每一个上述节点都接收和存储与上述已处理并已汇编信息基本相同的一个拷贝;和
c)响应接收来自上述电缆电视分配系统的一个用户设备的指令,将存储在一节点内的上述视频图像信息传送给与上述节点相关联的一个家庭电视机,以使该用户设备直接与存储在上述相关节点内的视频图像信息互相配合,而不与存储在上述区域处理中心的上述视频图像信息互相配合。
9、如权利要求8所述的传输交互视频图像信息的方法,其特征在于,包括利用存储在所述节点内的信息来控制上述用户家庭内的一个装置的步骤。
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- 1991-09-10 US US07/754,932 patent/US5220420A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-09-17 HU HU912991A patent/HUT63287A/hu unknown
- 1991-09-20 EP EP91115989A patent/EP0477786B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-09-20 AT AT91115989T patent/ATE198969T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-09-20 DE DE69132518T patent/DE69132518T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-09-20 CS CS912869A patent/CS286991A3/cs unknown
- 1991-09-26 NO NO91913772A patent/NO913772L/no unknown
- 1991-09-27 JP JP27715691A patent/JPH0622315A/ja active Pending
- 1991-09-27 IL IL99586A patent/IL99586A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-09-27 MX MX9101308A patent/MX9101308A/es unknown
- 1991-09-27 PT PT99110A patent/PT99110A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1991-09-27 IS IS3759A patent/IS3759A7/is unknown
- 1991-09-27 AU AU84838/91A patent/AU643828B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1991-09-27 FI FI914552A patent/FI914552A/fi unknown
- 1991-09-27 BG BG095221A patent/BG95221A/bg unknown
- 1991-09-27 IE IE339791A patent/IE913397A1/en unknown
- 1991-09-27 NZ NZ239969A patent/NZ239969A/en unknown
- 1991-09-28 KR KR1019910017147A patent/KR920007469A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1991-09-28 CN CN91110635A patent/CN1063593A/zh not_active Withdrawn
- 1991-09-30 CA CA002052477A patent/CA2052477C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-11-22 TR TR91/1068A patent/TR25669A/xx unknown
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN1056024C (zh) * | 1995-03-13 | 2000-08-30 | 傲龙科技(深圳)有限公司 | 有线电视综合服务网 |
CN100370813C (zh) * | 2000-03-31 | 2008-02-20 | 英特尔公司 | 用视频内容提供广告信息 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH0622315A (ja) | 1994-01-28 |
EP0477786A2 (en) | 1992-04-01 |
PT99110A (pt) | 1993-12-31 |
HU912991D0 (en) | 1992-01-28 |
CA2052477A1 (en) | 1992-03-29 |
ATE198969T1 (de) | 2001-02-15 |
DE69132518D1 (de) | 2001-03-01 |
EP0477786A3 (en) | 1992-09-16 |
FI914552A (fi) | 1992-03-29 |
HUT63287A (en) | 1993-07-28 |
BG95221A (bg) | 1993-12-24 |
TR25669A (tr) | 1993-07-01 |
IS3759A7 (is) | 1992-03-29 |
US5220420A (en) | 1993-06-15 |
NO913772D0 (no) | 1991-09-26 |
CS286991A3 (en) | 1992-05-13 |
NO913772L (no) | 1992-03-30 |
NZ239969A (en) | 1994-12-22 |
KR920007469A (ko) | 1992-04-28 |
IE913397A1 (en) | 1992-04-08 |
IL99586A (en) | 1998-02-22 |
IL99586A0 (en) | 1992-08-18 |
FI914552A0 (fi) | 1991-09-27 |
EP0477786B1 (en) | 2001-01-24 |
MX9101308A (es) | 1992-05-04 |
CA2052477C (en) | 1999-01-12 |
AU8483891A (en) | 1992-04-02 |
DE69132518T2 (de) | 2001-09-06 |
AU643828B2 (en) | 1993-11-25 |
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