CN106350133A - 一种降低汽车尾气排放的助剂 - Google Patents

一种降低汽车尾气排放的助剂 Download PDF

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CN106350133A
CN106350133A CN201610869737.6A CN201610869737A CN106350133A CN 106350133 A CN106350133 A CN 106350133A CN 201610869737 A CN201610869737 A CN 201610869737A CN 106350133 A CN106350133 A CN 106350133A
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蒙呈星
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Guangxi Tonki Energy Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种降低汽车尾气排放的助剂，由以下重量份配比的各组分制成：丙酮2～5份、异戊醇1～3份、叔丁醇2～4份、正己醇1～3份、正辛烷2～4份、醋酸乙烯3～5份、石油醚4～6份、二甲醚1～3份、碳酸二甲酯2～5份、硝酸乙酯1～4份、二甲基甲酰胺10～15份、硬脂酸1～3份、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯0.6～0.8份、过氧化锶1～3份、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚0.2～0.6份、氟碳表面活性剂0.3～0.7份、聚四氟乙烯1～4份、催化剂0.6～0.9份、膨润土粉0.3～0.5份、纳米氧化铈0.2～0.4份、纳米镁粉0.3～0.6份。

Description

一种降低汽车尾气排放的助剂
技术领域
本发明涉及一种降低汽车尾气排放的助剂，属于燃料添加剂技术领域。
背景技术
随着社会经济的快速发展和人们生活水平的提高，汽车需求量越来越大，同时也意味着车用燃料需求量不断地增加。车用燃料主要包括车用汽油、车用柴油、车用替代燃料(如甲醇、乙醇、乳化燃料、天然气、石油气、氢气)等。车用燃料的品质不仅对汽车的动力性有着直接影响，而且对尾气排放性有着至关重要作用。近年来，汽车尾气导致的大气污染越来越严重，CO、NOx、HC和PM等在城市大气中的含量越来越高，人类生存的生态环境越来越恶劣。基于环保和能源紧缺的考虑，本领域技术人越来越重视对汽车新型替代能源的研究和开发。为了解决这样的技术问题，目前主要是通过在燃料中添加助剂的方法，来实现提高燃料的燃烧性能和减少汽车污染气体的排放。尽管现有的添加助剂可以获得一定的效果，但是效果并不十分理想，还需进一步改善。因此，继续探索与研究燃料助剂非常必要的。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术的不足，本发明所要解决的技术问题是提出了一种降低汽车尾气排放的助剂。
一种降低汽车尾气排放的助剂，由以下重量份配比的各组分制成：丙酮2～5份、异戊醇1～3份、叔丁醇2～4份、正己醇1～3份、正辛烷2～4份、醋酸乙烯3～5份、石油醚4～6份、二甲醚1～3份、碳酸二甲酯2～5份、硝酸乙酯1～4份、二甲基甲酰胺10～15份、硬脂酸1～3份、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯0.6～0.8份、过氧化锶1～3份、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚0.2～0.6份、氟碳表面活性剂0.3～0.7份、聚四氟乙烯1～4份、催化剂0.6～0.9份、膨润土粉0.3～0.5份、纳米氧化铈0.2～0.4份、纳米镁粉0.3～0.6份。
优选地，
一种降低汽车尾气排放的助剂，由以下重量份配比的各组分制成：丙酮3份、异戊醇2份、叔丁醇3份、正己醇2份、正辛烷3份、醋酸乙烯4份、石油醚5份、二甲醚2份、碳酸二甲酯4份、硝酸乙酯3份、二甲基甲酰胺12份、硬脂酸2份、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯0.7份、过氧化锶2份、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚0.4份、氟碳表面活性剂0.5份、聚四氟乙烯2份、催化剂0.8份、膨润土粉0.4份、纳米氧化铈0.3份、纳米镁粉0.5份。
所述的催化剂是由2～6份钙钛矿催化剂和2～4份尖晶石催化剂制成，其中，钙钛矿催化剂是由1～3份La0.8Mg0.2MnO3、1～3份La0.2Mg0.8MnO3、1～3份La0.6Ba0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3、4～6份CeVO3制成；尖晶石催化剂是由1～3份CuMn2O4、2～4份MgFe2O4制成。
所述的聚四氟乙烯、催化剂、膨润土粉的粒径为0.1～0.2μm；所述的纳米氧化铈、纳米镁粉的粒径为80～100nm。
所述的纳米氧化铈、纳米镁粉是按以下步骤进行处理：
1)、按纳米材料：乙醇＝1:20的比例配制溶液，并置于频率为30～40KHz超声机上超声25～35min后，备用；
2)、按油酸：聚羧酸钠：乙醇＝1:1:8的比例配制溶液，并置于频率为20～30KHz超声机上超声15～25min后，备用；
3)、将经步骤1)处理得到的溶液置于90～100℃水浴中，在搅拌的状态下以滴定方式添加经步骤2)处理得到的溶液，反应2～4h，其中，滴定速度为20～30滴·min-1；
4)、将经步骤3)处理得到的溶液置于频率为30～40KHz超声15～20min，离心、过滤、烘干、研磨，得到改性纳米材料。
在车用燃料中按容量1:800～1000的比例，直接添加，混合均匀即可。
在本发明中丙酮、异戊醇、叔丁醇、正辛烷、醋酸乙烯可改善燃料的燃烧性能和提高燃料在内燃机中燃烧时的冷启动性和抗爆震性；正己醇、二甲基甲酰胺起到助溶剂的作用，可提高助剂各种成分在燃料中溶解速度，从而提高燃料的燃烧性能；石油醚、二甲醚、碳酸二甲酯可提高燃料辛烷值、燃烧性能和缩短着火时间，提高汽车动力，节省油量；硝酸乙酯起到助燃消烟的作用，使燃料燃烧更充分，使汽车尾气排放大幅度降低。
邻苯二甲酸二辛酯可改善橡胶溶胀问题和塑化增容作用；过氧化锶可加速燃料燃烧，缩短燃烧时间，提高燃烧效率，减少汽车尾气排放；氟碳表面活性剂、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚起到分散、乳化的作用，并能抑制金属腐蚀，同时还能充当助溶剂的作用；硬脂酸、聚四氟乙烯，能在摩擦部件的表面形成一层很牢固的润滑性薄膜，有效保护部件表层，同时还对生成的碳沉积物具有软化和清洗的功能，起到消除、预防积碳产生作用。
钙钛矿催化剂和尖晶石催化剂复合，能大幅度减少尾气污染物CO、NOx、HC和PM的排放；膨润土粉可吸附和分解尾气的功能，减少污染物的排放；纳米氧化铈分散在燃料中，形成高度分散化、均匀化和稳定化的悬浮液，使其在燃烧过程中通过换氧催化形成均匀燃烧，从而避免局部高温，同时其还能降低氮氧化合物的排放；纳米镁粉具有高的表面活化能，减少了燃料燃烧过程中副反应的进行，提高了燃烧的效率，同时还能中和部分三氧化硫，从而使烟气中三氧化硫含量降低。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
本发明的助剂利用了钙钛矿和尖晶石复合催化剂净化催化功能、膨润土粉吸附分解功能、纳米氧化铈催化助燃功能、纳米镁粉促燃中和功能、聚四氟乙烯润滑功能及其它试剂辅助功能，科学配伍，形成良好的体系，使燃料燃烧更充分，有效地减少有害气体和黑烟的产生，同时还能显著地减少尾气污染物排放，减少汽车尾气对空气的污染，保护环境。另外，本发明的助剂还能提升汽车动力功能，使汽车处于良好的工作状态，节省油的用量。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种降低汽车尾气排放的助剂，由以下重量份配比的各组分制成：丙酮3份、异戊醇2份、叔丁醇3份、正己醇2份、正辛烷3份、醋酸乙烯4份、石油醚5份、二甲醚2份、碳酸二甲酯4份、硝酸乙酯3份、二甲基甲酰胺12份、硬脂酸2份、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯0.7份、过氧化锶2份、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚0.4份、氟碳表面活性剂0.5份、聚四氟乙烯2份、催化剂0.8份、膨润土粉0.4份、纳米氧化铈0.3份、纳米镁粉0.5份。
所述的催化剂是由4份钙钛矿催化剂和3份尖晶石催化剂制成，其中，钙钛矿催化剂是由2份La0.8Mg0.2MnO3、2份La0.2Mg0.8MnO3、2份La0.6Ba0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3、5份CeVO3制成；尖晶石催化剂是由2份CuMn2O4、3份MgFe2O4制成。
所述的聚四氟乙烯、催化剂、膨润土粉的粒径为0.2μm；所述的纳米氧化铈、纳米镁粉的粒径为90nm。
所述的纳米氧化铈、纳米镁粉是按以下步骤进行处理：
1)、按纳米材料：乙醇＝1:20的比例配制溶液，并置于频率为35KHz超声机上超声30min后，备用；
2)、按油酸：聚羧酸钠：乙醇＝1:1:8的比例配制溶液，并置于频率为25KHz超声机上超声20min后，备用；
3)、将经步骤1)处理得到的溶液置于95℃水浴中，在搅拌的状态下以滴定方式添加经步骤2)处理得到的溶液，反应3h，其中，滴定速度为25滴·min-1；
4)、将经步骤3)处理得到的溶液置于频率为35KHz超声18min，离心、过滤、烘干、研磨，得到改性纳米材料。
在车用燃料中按容量1:900的比例，直接添加，混合均匀即可。
实施例2
一种降低汽车尾气排放的助剂，由以下重量份配比的各组分制成：丙酮2份、异戊醇1份、叔丁醇2份、正己醇1份、正辛烷2份、醋酸乙烯3份、石油醚4份、二甲醚1份、碳酸二甲酯2份、硝酸乙酯1份、二甲基甲酰胺10份、硬脂酸1份、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯0.6份、过氧化锶1份、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚0.2份、氟碳表面活性剂0.3份、聚四氟乙烯1份、催化剂0.6份、膨润土粉0.3份、纳米氧化铈0.2份、纳米镁粉0.3份。
所述的催化剂是由2份钙钛矿催化剂和2份尖晶石催化剂制成，其中，钙钛矿催化剂是由1份La0.8Mg0.2MnO3、1份La0.2Mg0.8MnO3、1份La0.6Ba0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3、4份CeVO3制成；尖晶石催化剂是由1份CuMn2O4、2份MgFe2O4制成。
所述的聚四氟乙烯、催化剂、膨润土粉的粒径为0.1μm；所述的纳米氧化铈、纳米镁粉的粒径为80nm。
所述的纳米氧化铈、纳米镁粉是按以下步骤进行处理：
1)、按纳米材料：乙醇＝1:20的比例配制溶液，并置于频率为30KHz超声机上超声25min后，备用；
2)、按油酸：聚羧酸钠：乙醇＝1:1:8的比例配制溶液，并置于频率为20KHz超声机上超声15min后，备用；
3)、将经步骤1)处理得到的溶液置于90℃水浴中，在搅拌的状态下以滴定方式添加经步骤2)处理得到的溶液，反应2h，其中，滴定速度为20滴·min-1；
4)、将经步骤3)处理得到的溶液置于频率为30KHz超声15min，离心、过滤、烘干、研磨，得到改性纳米材料。
在车用燃料中按容量1:800的比例，直接添加，混合均匀即可。
实施例3
一种降低汽车尾气排放的助剂，由以下重量份配比的各组分制成：丙酮5份、异戊醇3份、叔丁醇4份、正己醇3份、正辛烷4份、醋酸乙烯5份、石油醚6份、二甲醚3份、碳酸二甲酯5份、硝酸乙酯4份、二甲基甲酰胺15份、硬脂酸3份、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯0.8份、过氧化锶3份、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚0.6份、氟碳表面活性剂0.7份、聚四氟乙烯4份、催化剂0.9份、膨润土粉0.5份、纳米氧化铈0.4份、纳米镁粉0.6份。
所述的催化剂是由6份钙钛矿催化剂和4份尖晶石催化剂制成，其中，钙钛矿催化剂是由3份La0.8Mg0.2MnO3、3份La0.2Mg0.8MnO3、3份La0.6Ba0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3、6份CeVO3制成；尖晶石催化剂是由3份CuMn2O4、4份MgFe2O4制成。
所述的聚四氟乙烯、催化剂、膨润土粉的粒径为0.2μm；所述的纳米氧化铈、纳米镁粉的粒径为100nm。
所述的纳米氧化铈、纳米镁粉是按以下步骤进行处理：
1)、按纳米材料：乙醇＝1:20的比例配制溶液，并置于频率为40KHz超声机上超声35min后，备用；
2)、按油酸：聚羧酸钠：乙醇＝1:1:8的比例配制溶液，并置于频率为30KHz超声机上超声25min后，备用；
3)、将经步骤1)处理得到的溶液置于100℃水浴中，在搅拌的状态下以滴定方式添加经步骤2)处理得到的溶液，反应4h，其中，滴定速度为30滴·min-1；
4)、将经步骤3)处理得到的溶液置于频率为40KHz超声20min，离心、过滤、烘干、研磨，得到改性纳米材料。
在车用燃料中按容量1:1000的比例，直接添加，混合均匀即可。
对比例1(对比例1与实施例1的差别仅在于，对比例1中的钙钛矿催化剂是由2.5份La0.8Mg0.2MnO3、2.5份La0.2Mg0.8MnO3、2.5份La0.6Ba0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3、5.5份CeVO3制成；尖晶石催化剂是由2.5份CuMn2O4、3.5份MgFe2O4制成，其余的同实施例1)。
对比例2(对比例2与实施例1的差别仅在于，对比例2中的聚四氟乙烯、催化剂、膨润土粉的粒径为0.1μm；所述的纳米氧化铈、纳米镁粉的粒径为95nm，其余的同实施例1)。
对比例3(对比例3与实施例1的差别仅在于，对比例3中的所述的纳米氧化铈、纳米镁粉处理方式不相同，其余的同实施例1)。
对比例3是按以下步骤进行处理：
1)、按纳米材料：乙醇＝1:25的比例配制溶液，并置于频率为35KHz超声机上超声30min后，备用；
2)、按油酸：聚羧酸钠：乙醇＝1:1:9的比例配制溶液，并置于频率为25KHz超声机上超声20min后，备用；
3)、将经步骤1)处理得到的溶液置于95℃水浴中，在搅拌的状态下以滴定方式添加经步骤2)处理得到的溶液，反应3h，其中，滴定速度为25滴·min-1；
4)、将经步骤3)处理得到的溶液置于频率为35KHz超声18min，离心、过滤、烘干、研磨，得到改性纳米材料。
对比例4(对比例4与实施例1的差别仅在于，对比例4中的在车用燃料中按容量1:880的比例，其余的同实施例1)。
对比例5(对比例5与实施例1的差别仅在于，对比例5中的钙钛矿催化剂是由2份La0.8Mg0.2MnO3、2份La0.6Ba0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3、5份CeVO3制成；尖晶石催化剂是由2份CuMn2O4、3份MgFe2O4制成，其余的同实施例1)。
将上述实施例1-3、对比例1-5制得的助剂添加到车用燃料中，并采用现有技术进行测试，测试结果如下表1所示：
表1测试结果
当然，上面只是本发明优选的具体实施方式作了详细描述，并非以此限制本发明的实施范围，凡依本发明的原理、构造以及结构所作的等效变化，均应涵盖于本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (6)

1.一种降低汽车尾气排放的助剂，其特征在于：由以下重量份配比的各组分制成：丙酮2～5份、异戊醇1～3份、叔丁醇2～4份、正己醇1～3份、正辛烷2～4份、醋酸乙烯3～5份、石油醚4～6份、二甲醚1～3份、碳酸二甲酯2～5份、硝酸乙酯1～4份、二甲基甲酰胺10～15份、硬脂酸1～3份、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯0.6～0.8份、过氧化锶1～3份、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚0.2～0.6份、氟碳表面活性剂0.3～0.7份、聚四氟乙烯1～4份、催化剂0.6～0.9份、膨润土粉0.3～0.5份、纳米氧化铈0.2～0.4份、纳米镁粉0.3～0.6份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的降低汽车尾气排放的助剂，其特征在于：由以下重量份配比的各组分制成：丙酮3份、异戊醇2份、叔丁醇3份、正己醇2份、正辛烷3份、醋酸乙烯4份、石油醚5份、二甲醚2份、碳酸二甲酯4份、硝酸乙酯3份、二甲基甲酰胺12份、硬脂酸2份、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯0.7份、过氧化锶2份、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚0.4份、氟碳表面活性剂0.5份、聚四氟乙烯2份、催化剂0.8份、膨润土粉0.4份、纳米氧化铈0.3份、纳米镁粉0.5份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的降低汽车尾气排放的助剂，其特征在于：所述的催化剂是由2～6份钙钛矿催化剂和2～4份尖晶石催化剂制成，其中，钙钛矿催化剂是由1～3份La0.8Mg0.2MnO3、1～3份La0.2Mg0.8MnO3、1～3份La0.6Ba0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3、4～6份CeVO3制成；尖晶石催化剂是由1～3份CuMn2O4、2～4份MgFe2O4制成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的降低汽车尾气排放的助剂，其特征在于：所述的聚四氟乙烯、催化剂、膨润土粉的粒径为0.1～0.2μm；所述的纳米氧化铈、纳米镁粉的粒径为80～100nm。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的降低汽车尾气排放的助剂，其特征在于：所述的纳米氧化铈、纳米镁粉是按以下步骤进行处理：
1)、按纳米材料：乙醇＝1:20的比例配制溶液，并置于频率为30～40KHz超声机上超声25～35min后，备用；
2)、按油酸：聚羧酸钠：乙醇＝1:1:8的比例配制溶液，并置于频率为20～30KHz超声机上超声15～25min后，备用；
3)、将经步骤1)处理得到的溶液置于90～100℃水浴中，在搅拌的状态下以滴定方式添加经步骤2)处理得到的溶液，反应2～4h，其中，滴定速度为20～30滴·min-1；
4)、将经步骤3)处理得到的溶液置于频率为30～40KHz超声15～20min，离心、过滤、烘干、研磨，得到改性纳米材料。
6.根据权利要求1所述的降低汽车尾气排放的助剂，其特征在于：在车用燃料中按容量1:800～1000的比例，直接添加，混合均匀即可。
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