CN106345319A - 一种无支撑活性炭全碳膜及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种无支撑活性炭全碳膜及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106345319A CN106345319A CN201610734288.4A CN201610734288A CN106345319A CN 106345319 A CN106345319 A CN 106345319A CN 201610734288 A CN201610734288 A CN 201610734288A CN 106345319 A CN106345319 A CN 106345319A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- activated carbon
- graphene
- full
- preparation
- film
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 268
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011085 pressure filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004887 air purification Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000195649 Chlorella <Chlorellales> Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000005543 nano-size silicon particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000005575 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000006735 Periostitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000003460 periosteum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002525 ultrasonication Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/02—Inorganic material
- B01D71/021—Carbon
- B01D71/0211—Graphene or derivates thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
- B01D53/228—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion characterised by specific membranes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0039—Inorganic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0041—Inorganic membrane manufacture by agglomeration of particles in the dry state
- B01D67/00416—Inorganic membrane manufacture by agglomeration of particles in the dry state by deposition by filtration through a support or base layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0039—Inorganic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0044—Inorganic membrane manufacture by chemical reaction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0039—Inorganic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0046—Inorganic membrane manufacture by slurry techniques, e.g. die or slip-casting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/442—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by nanofiltration
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
- B01D2253/102—Carbon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/30—Physical properties of adsorbents
- B01D2253/302—Dimensions
- B01D2253/308—Pore size
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/06—Polluted air
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/30—Cross-linking
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/22—Thermal or heat-resistance properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/30—Chemical resistance
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/308—Dyes; Colorants; Fluorescent agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/04—Disinfection
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种无支撑活性炭全碳膜及其制备方法和应用。由石墨烯作为交联剂连接形成的活性炭全碳膜,该膜可以独立于基底稳定存在,同时具有很高的耐化学耐腐蚀性与热稳定性。这种多功能全碳膜具备可控的孔隙结构,同时对于污染物具有超强的吸附性能,其孔隙大小可以在交联剂添加量的调控下实现从微米级调控至纳米级的调节。根据上述性质,该多功能独立全碳膜可实现一步去除颗粒污染物与小分子污染物的效果,可用于环境污染水体处理,饮用水净化以及空气净化等领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于材料制备领域,尤其涉及一种无支撑活性炭全碳膜及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
活性炭是应用最为广泛的吸附材料,由于其巨大比表面及丰富孔隙结构而被广泛应用于水体、气体净化,化学催化,能源储存等领域。现对于活性炭的应用往往是以颗粒态形式直接投加入污染水体中进行吸附,但是这种应用往往会造成活性炭的流失,同时涉及后期的费时费力的固液分离过程。也有应用是将活性炭填充于容器当中,或者镶嵌于多聚物中进行使用。但是活性炭填充柱在使用过程中容易被污染堵塞,而多聚物的镶嵌会阻塞活性炭孔隙结构与遮蔽表面结构,影响其吸附性能。同时,填装的容器或者物理固定活性炭的多聚物往往不能抵挡化学物质的侵蚀与高温操作,限制了其应用领域,所以,研究并开发新型的活性炭器件对于活性炭的应用具有十分重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决现有技术中存在的问题,并提供一种无支撑活性炭全碳膜及其制备方法和应用,既保证了其超强吸附性能的同时,又使其具备了颗粒物截留的能力,为活性炭的应用提供了广泛的空间。
由于活性炭具备巨大的比表面积以及丰富的孔隙结构,对于水中溶解态污染物具有超强的吸附性能,活性炭在不同的领域都有很大的应用潜力。但是由于活性炭颗粒较大尺寸以及不规则表面的限制,活性炭颗粒之间难以相互作用并进一步器件化。为了解决单纯活性炭颗粒相互作用弱,器件化难的问题,同时不引入高分子聚合物,本发明采用了一种全新的思路:利用活性炭表面的的π电子结构,运用具有芳香性表面的石墨烯作为碳质交联剂,通过活性炭与碳质交联剂表面的π-π相互作用力使颗粒态活性炭成膜,在保证其吸附能力的同时赋予其颗粒截留的能力。这种多功能全碳膜具备可控的孔隙结构,同时对于污染物具有超强的吸附性能,其孔隙大小可以在交联剂添加量的调控下实现从微米级调控至纳米级 的调节。
本发明的目的具体是通过以下技术方案实现的:
无支撑活性炭全碳膜,由活性炭为基本材料,石墨烯作为交联剂连接形成活性炭全碳膜。活性炭与碳质交联剂表面的π-π相互作用力,使颗粒态活性炭形成不需要支撑结构的全碳膜。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种无支撑活性炭全碳膜的制备方法,包括以下步骤:首先将活性炭分散于水中,形成活性炭分散液,再加入石墨烯分散液,并充分混匀,将混匀后的溶液进行过滤,使石墨烯与活性炭在滤膜基底上进行组装,得到活性炭全碳膜。活性炭全碳膜在干燥之后可从基底表面剥离,形成独立的全碳膜。
作为优选,所述的活性炭的尺寸为微米级,目的是使其更容易在水中分散。
作为优选,活性炭分散过程中,调节pH呈碱性。pH优选控制>10,使活性炭在水中具有较强的静电斥力(>-30mV),进一步增强其分散能力。
作为优选,所述的石墨烯分散液由氧化石墨烯分散液部分还原得到。利用交联剂与活性炭之间的非共价键π用交作用力使颗粒活性炭器件化是本发明的创新点,在保证碳质交联剂在水中充分分散的前提下,尽量还原其表面含氧挂能团可以增强其疏水作用以及表面π电子体系,有利于成膜的稳定性。
进一步的,还原过程通过化学还原实现,部分还原过程为,将石墨烯水溶液中的石墨烯控制在0.05-0.1mg/ml,pH控制在9-12,然后再进行加热还原。溶液pH控制在9-12时,保证碳质交联剂之间较强的静电斥力,使其在水中充分分散,防止其团聚,pH优选为11。同时浓度控制在0.05-0.1mg/ml防止浓度较高造成的团聚
作为优选,混匀后的溶液置于加压过滤装置中,通过加压过滤的方法通过微孔滤膜基底成膜。加压过滤装置中驱动力可以为氮气,也可以是其他气体,压力控制范围为0.05-0.6Mpa,目的是使混合液过滤组装过程可以在较短之间之内完成(<30min),防止时间过长活性炭分散液发生沉淀,导致成膜的不均匀。加压过滤装置底部需以微孔滤膜作为基底进行层积组装,过滤组装的微孔滤膜基底并没有材质要求,功能为截留活性炭与碳质交联剂进行组装,但表面光滑与活性炭作用力小可以有利于成膜之后从基底表面剥离。
作为优选,混匀后的溶液中,石墨烯的比例可调节,石墨烯和活性炭的质量比优选为1%~10%。活性炭膜的厚度可以通过活性炭的添加量调控,活性炭膜的表面孔隙结构可以通过碳质交联剂添加的比例进行调控。
本发明提供了一种新型活性炭器件化的方式,使活性炭在不添加高分子聚合物条件下独立成膜,膜体具有超强孔隙结构与比表面积。实施使用中该膜具有以下优势:与高分子聚合膜相比,活性炭全碳膜具有超强的化学稳定性与热稳定性。与纯石墨烯膜或碳纳米管膜全碳膜相比,活性炭由于制备成本低廉,具有较好的价格优势。同时,通过碳质交联剂添加量的控制可以高效得实现膜孔隙尺寸的调控,有选择性得截留不同尺寸的颗粒污染物。研究发现,活性炭全碳膜可以有效截留水体中的微生物、纳米颗粒,并能高效去除污染水体中染料,多环芳烃,重金属离子等溶解态污染物。
由于活性炭全碳膜同时具备超强的吸附性能与可控的孔隙结构,因此其可在水体净化、空气净化、化学催化或能源储备等领域有很大的应用潜能。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制得的全碳膜的电镜扫描图;
图2为实施例3制得的全碳膜的电镜扫描图;
图3为实施例5制得的全碳膜的电镜扫描图;
图4为实施例7制得的全碳膜的电镜扫描图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步阐述,以便本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明的实质。本发明中试剂或材料,若无特殊说明,均为市售产品。
石墨烯分散液制备:
由氧化石墨烯分散液部分还原制备石墨烯分散液。具体为:将氧化石墨烯配置成水溶液,溶液中石墨烯控制在0.05-0.1mg/ml,pH控制在9-12,以实现静电调控,使石墨烯在水中能充分分散。上述溶液在90℃下进行加热还原15分钟,得到氧化石墨烯分散液。
上述实施例只是本发明的优选方式,且各参数可以根据实际需要进行调整,同时石墨烯分散液也可以直接通过石墨烯颗粒在表面活性剂作用下进行分散得到。或者也可以采用现有技术中的其他石墨烯分散液。
实施例
本发明的成膜过程通过过滤组装实现,过滤前活性炭与石墨烯首先通过静电调控使其在水中充分分散。活性炭与石墨烯分散液以一定比例充分混合,然后加入过滤装置中,在驱动力的作用下使其过微孔滤膜,并在微孔滤膜基底表面进行组装。制备无支撑活性炭全碳膜的具体步骤如下:
(1)活性炭首先通过研磨并通过500目筛网,保证其尺寸为微米级。
(2)将微米级的活性炭加入水中,调节溶液pH值至11,利用表面静电调控,在超声的作用下将颗粒活性炭充分分散于水中,得到活性炭分散液。需要注意的是,该步骤中,pH可影响静电调控效果,当pH控制>10,此时活性炭表面电负性<-30mV,超声作用时间为2min,保证活性炭颗粒在水中能充分分散。但只要pH保持碱性,也基本能够实现分散效果。
(3)将前述制备好的石墨烯分散液与活性炭分散液在震荡与超声的条件下充分混合,混合液中石墨烯和活性炭的质量比依次调节为1%、2%、3%、4%、5%、6%、7%,分别记为实施例1~实施例7。
(4)依次将各实施例中充分混合的活性炭+碳质交联剂混合液置于加压过滤装置中,以氮气为增压气体,压力范围为0.05-0.6Mpa,微孔滤膜基底孔径为0.22基底,混合液在30min内快速成膜。
(5)干燥之后,将全碳膜从微孔滤膜基底剥离形成独立的全碳膜。
对实施例1、3、5、7所得的全碳膜进行电镜扫描,其结果如图1所述。图中,可以看出,在石墨烯的交联作用下,作为基本材料的活性炭颗粒之间相互连接,形成整体。同时随着石墨烯量的增加,其表面结构逐渐变得致密,孔隙结构变小。同时,活性炭膜的厚度可以通过活性炭分散液添加的体积量进行调控,添加越多,膜层越厚,膜的吸附容量越大。
利用实施例1~7所得的全碳膜分别对小球藻、大肠杆菌、纳米二氧化硅、纳米银进行过滤截留试验。试验结果如表1所示,不同石墨烯添加量比例的活性炭膜具备不同的孔隙结构特质。当石墨烯添加量达到活性炭的质量的1%的时候,可以100%截留颗粒尺寸为2μm的小球藻。当石墨烯添加比例达到活性炭的质量的2%时,可以100%截留颗粒尺寸为1μm的大肠杆菌。当石墨烯添加比例达到活性炭的质量的3%时,可以100%截留颗粒尺寸为200nm的纳米二氧化硅。 当石墨烯添加比例达到活性炭的质量的7%时,膜孔隙结构可以达到24nm,可以99.23%截留颗粒尺寸为50nm的纳米银。由此可见,膜的孔隙结构可以通过碳质交联剂添加比例进行调节,交联剂添加比例越高,膜的孔隙结构越小。本发明的全碳膜可以有效截留水体中的微生物、纳米颗粒。另外其也可以用于去除污染水体中染料,多环芳烃,重金属离子等溶解态污染物。
表1.不同石墨烯含量的全碳膜对于颗粒物的截留能力
以上所述的实施例只是本发明的一种较佳的方案,然其并非用以限制本发明。例如,尽管上述实施例中,活性炭均是研磨后通过500目筛网获得的,但并不意味着其必须经过500目筛网,只要能够保持活性炭颗粒在微米级,甚至纳米级,其都能实现本发明的效果。再例如,上述实施例仅列出了,混合液中石墨烯和活性炭的质量比为1%~7%的情况,但经过试验,在该范围前后进行调整,例如质量比为9%、10%甚至10%以上,其也能够实现本发明的技术效果,但水通量等性质会略微下降。
由此可见,本领域的普通技术人员,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,还可以做出各种变化和变型。因此凡采取等同替换或等效变换的方式所获得的技术方案,均落在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种无支撑活性炭全碳膜,其特征在于,由活性炭为基本材料,石墨烯作为交联剂连接形成活性炭全碳膜。
2.一种无支撑活性炭全碳膜的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
将活性炭分散于水中,形成活性炭分散液,再加入石墨烯分散液,并充分混匀,将混匀后的溶液进行过滤,使石墨烯与活性炭在滤膜基底上进行组装,得到活性炭全碳膜。
3.如权利要求2所述的无支撑活性炭全碳膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的活性炭的尺寸为微米级。
4.如权利要求2所述的无支撑活性炭全碳膜的制备方法,其特征在于,活性炭分散过程中,调节pH呈碱性;pH优选控制>10。
5.如权利要求2所述的无支撑活性炭全碳膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的石墨烯分散液由氧化石墨烯分散液部分还原得到。
6.如权利要求5所述的无支撑活性炭全碳膜的制备方法,其特征在于,部分还原过程中,将石墨烯水溶液中石墨烯浓度优选控制在0.05-0.1mg/ml,pH优选控制在9-12,进行还原。
7.如权利要求2所述的无支撑活性炭全碳膜的制备方法,其特征在于,混匀后的溶液置于加压过滤装置中,通过加压过滤的方法通过微孔滤膜基底成膜;
8.如权利要求7所述的无支撑活性炭全碳膜的制备方法,其特征在于,过滤时间优选<30min。
9.如权利要求2所述的无支撑活性炭全碳膜的制备方法,其特征在于,全碳膜的孔隙可通过石墨烯的添加量调节。
10.一种如权利要求1所述无支撑活性炭全碳膜在水体净化、空气净化、化学催化或能源储备中的应用。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201610734288.4A CN106345319B (zh) | 2016-08-25 | 2016-08-25 | 一种无支撑活性炭全碳膜及其制备方法和应用 |
US16/328,205 US20190176096A1 (en) | 2016-08-25 | 2017-08-25 | All-Carbon Film Based On Activated Carbon And Preparation Method And Use Thereof |
PCT/CN2017/098964 WO2018036553A1 (zh) | 2016-08-25 | 2017-08-25 | 一种基于活性炭的全碳膜及其制备方法和应用 |
CN201780003007.0A CN108136340A (zh) | 2016-08-25 | 2017-08-25 | 一种基于活性炭的全碳膜及其制备方法和应用 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201610734288.4A CN106345319B (zh) | 2016-08-25 | 2016-08-25 | 一种无支撑活性炭全碳膜及其制备方法和应用 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN106345319A true CN106345319A (zh) | 2017-01-25 |
CN106345319B CN106345319B (zh) | 2019-05-17 |
Family
ID=57854489
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201610734288.4A Active CN106345319B (zh) | 2016-08-25 | 2016-08-25 | 一种无支撑活性炭全碳膜及其制备方法和应用 |
CN201780003007.0A Pending CN108136340A (zh) | 2016-08-25 | 2017-08-25 | 一种基于活性炭的全碳膜及其制备方法和应用 |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201780003007.0A Pending CN108136340A (zh) | 2016-08-25 | 2017-08-25 | 一种基于活性炭的全碳膜及其制备方法和应用 |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20190176096A1 (zh) |
CN (2) | CN106345319B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2018036553A1 (zh) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2018036553A1 (zh) * | 2016-08-25 | 2018-03-01 | 浙江大学 | 一种基于活性炭的全碳膜及其制备方法和应用 |
CN108579452A (zh) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-09-28 | 南京水杯子科技股份有限公司 | 一种氧化石墨烯复合炭膜及其制备方法 |
CN109126284A (zh) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-01-04 | 江南大学 | 一种石墨烯改性聚丙烯复合滤料的制备方法 |
CN109985534A (zh) * | 2017-12-30 | 2019-07-09 | 浙江大学 | 一种纯活性炭过滤膜及其制备方法与应用 |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110372109A (zh) * | 2019-06-25 | 2019-10-25 | 南通强生石墨烯科技有限公司 | 一种石墨烯阻垢滤芯及其制备方法 |
CN110860215B (zh) * | 2019-10-12 | 2020-12-08 | 浙江大学 | 一种具有帐篷状结构的氧化石墨烯膜及其制备方法与应用 |
CN112642308A (zh) * | 2019-12-03 | 2021-04-13 | 贵州省材料技术创新基地 | 聚砜-生物炭共混分离膜及其制备方法 |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2103343A1 (en) * | 2008-03-17 | 2009-09-23 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology | Self-standing mesoporous carbon membrane |
JP2010105909A (ja) * | 2008-09-30 | 2010-05-13 | Nippon Chemicon Corp | 高密度カーボンナノチューブ集合体及びその製造方法 |
CN103495193A (zh) * | 2013-10-15 | 2014-01-08 | 北京环球新能科技开发有限公司 | 一种装修污染高效除味剂及其制备方法 |
CN103613094A (zh) * | 2013-11-28 | 2014-03-05 | 华中科技大学 | 一种同时制备石墨烯和多孔非晶碳薄膜的方法 |
CN104192836A (zh) * | 2014-09-16 | 2014-12-10 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 自支撑多孔石墨烯基薄膜的溶液热制备方法 |
CN104715937A (zh) * | 2014-11-07 | 2015-06-17 | 深圳市今朝时代新能源技术有限公司 | 一种叠层式电极的制备方法、炭膜及其制备方法 |
CN105709498A (zh) * | 2016-02-29 | 2016-06-29 | 徐州深蓝新材料科技有限公司 | 一种石墨烯炭过滤材料及其制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7393381B2 (en) * | 2003-06-19 | 2008-07-01 | Applied Filter Technology, Inc. | Removing siloxanes from a gas stream using a mineral based adsorption media |
US7993606B2 (en) * | 2004-04-30 | 2011-08-09 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Adaptive membrane structure |
CN101284774B (zh) * | 2008-05-23 | 2011-09-07 | 浙江大学 | 直接采用分子氧催化氧化一步制备甘油酸的方法 |
CN101670282B (zh) * | 2009-10-19 | 2011-07-20 | 浙江博华环境技术工程有限公司 | 负载型纳米二氧化钛催化剂的制备方法 |
WO2013170249A1 (en) * | 2012-05-11 | 2013-11-14 | Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. | Functionalized carbon nanotube nanocomposite membranes and methods of their fabrication |
CN102677031B (zh) * | 2012-05-18 | 2014-09-10 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | 制备金属/碳纳米复合的多孔膜的方法及由其制得的多孔膜 |
US9208920B2 (en) * | 2012-12-05 | 2015-12-08 | Nanotek Instruments, Inc. | Unitary graphene matrix composites containing carbon or graphite fillers |
US20140299818A1 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2014-10-09 | InHwan Do | Graphene / carbon compositions |
CN103362532B (zh) * | 2013-06-28 | 2015-06-24 | 中国矿业大学 | 用于防治采空区瓦斯涌出的含活性炭的胶体泡沫制备方法 |
CN103664645B (zh) * | 2013-12-26 | 2016-03-09 | 常州市春港化工有限公司 | 1,8-二氨基萘的工业化制备方法 |
CN104084063B (zh) * | 2014-06-18 | 2016-08-17 | 天津大学 | 磺化聚醚醚酮-氨基负载铬有机骨架杂化膜及制备和应用 |
CN105448540A (zh) * | 2015-11-18 | 2016-03-30 | 福建翔丰华新能源材料有限公司 | 一种超级电容器高导电活性炭电极制备方法 |
CN106345319B (zh) * | 2016-08-25 | 2019-05-17 | 浙江大学 | 一种无支撑活性炭全碳膜及其制备方法和应用 |
-
2016
- 2016-08-25 CN CN201610734288.4A patent/CN106345319B/zh active Active
-
2017
- 2017-08-25 WO PCT/CN2017/098964 patent/WO2018036553A1/zh active Application Filing
- 2017-08-25 CN CN201780003007.0A patent/CN108136340A/zh active Pending
- 2017-08-25 US US16/328,205 patent/US20190176096A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2103343A1 (en) * | 2008-03-17 | 2009-09-23 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology | Self-standing mesoporous carbon membrane |
JP2010105909A (ja) * | 2008-09-30 | 2010-05-13 | Nippon Chemicon Corp | 高密度カーボンナノチューブ集合体及びその製造方法 |
CN103495193A (zh) * | 2013-10-15 | 2014-01-08 | 北京环球新能科技开发有限公司 | 一种装修污染高效除味剂及其制备方法 |
CN103613094A (zh) * | 2013-11-28 | 2014-03-05 | 华中科技大学 | 一种同时制备石墨烯和多孔非晶碳薄膜的方法 |
CN104192836A (zh) * | 2014-09-16 | 2014-12-10 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 自支撑多孔石墨烯基薄膜的溶液热制备方法 |
CN104715937A (zh) * | 2014-11-07 | 2015-06-17 | 深圳市今朝时代新能源技术有限公司 | 一种叠层式电极的制备方法、炭膜及其制备方法 |
CN105709498A (zh) * | 2016-02-29 | 2016-06-29 | 徐州深蓝新材料科技有限公司 | 一种石墨烯炭过滤材料及其制备方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
王浩然: "超级电容器活性炭/石墨烯复合自支撑柔性电极的研究", 《第十二届全国新炭材料学术研讨会》 * |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2018036553A1 (zh) * | 2016-08-25 | 2018-03-01 | 浙江大学 | 一种基于活性炭的全碳膜及其制备方法和应用 |
CN109985534A (zh) * | 2017-12-30 | 2019-07-09 | 浙江大学 | 一种纯活性炭过滤膜及其制备方法与应用 |
CN109985534B (zh) * | 2017-12-30 | 2021-08-10 | 浙江大学 | 一种纯活性炭过滤膜及其制备方法与应用 |
CN108579452A (zh) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-09-28 | 南京水杯子科技股份有限公司 | 一种氧化石墨烯复合炭膜及其制备方法 |
CN109126284A (zh) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-01-04 | 江南大学 | 一种石墨烯改性聚丙烯复合滤料的制备方法 |
CN109126284B (zh) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-10-25 | 江南大学 | 一种石墨烯改性聚丙烯复合滤料的制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN106345319B (zh) | 2019-05-17 |
WO2018036553A1 (zh) | 2018-03-01 |
US20190176096A1 (en) | 2019-06-13 |
CN108136340A (zh) | 2018-06-08 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN106345319B (zh) | 一种无支撑活性炭全碳膜及其制备方法和应用 | |
Yao et al. | Investigation on efficient adsorption of cationic dyes on porous magnetic polyacrylamide microspheres | |
Xu et al. | High flux and rejection of hierarchical composite membranes based on carbon nanotube network and ultrathin electrospun nanofibrous layer for dye removal | |
Xue et al. | Mechanistic insights into selective adsorption and separation of multi-component anionic dyes using magnetic zeolite imidazolate framework-67 composites | |
Agcaoili et al. | Fabrication of polyacrylonitrile-coated kapok hollow microtubes for adsorption of methyl orange and Cu (II) ions in aqueous solution | |
Subrati et al. | Developing hydrophobic graphene foam for oil spill cleanup | |
Ghosh et al. | Review on some metal oxide nanoparticles as effective adsorbent in wastewater treatment | |
Mavukkandy et al. | CNT/PVP blend PVDF membranes for the removal of organic pollutants from simulated treated wastewater effluent | |
Zang et al. | Electrospun superhydrophilic membranes for effective removal of Pb (II) from water | |
US10710005B2 (en) | Adsorbent material | |
Hamidi Malayeri et al. | Magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotube as an adsorbent for toluidine blue o removal from aqueous solution | |
Tang et al. | Removal of active dyes by ultrafiltration membrane pre-deposited with a PSFM coagulant: Performance and mechanism | |
Wu et al. | Synthesis of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose/poly (acrylic acid) microgels via visible-light-triggered polymerization as a self-sedimentary cationic basic dye adsorbent | |
Li et al. | Adsorption of heavy metals and antibacterial activity of silicon-doped chitosan composite microspheres loaded with ZIF-8 | |
Wang et al. | Ultra-strong adsorption of organic dyes and antibiotic onto the alk-MXene/ZIF adsorbents with a specific intercalation structure | |
Li et al. | Preparation of templated materials and their application to typical pollutants in wastewater: a review | |
Deng et al. | Hollow SiO2 microspheres with thiol-rich surfaces: The scalable templated fabrication and their application for toxic metal ions adsorption | |
Kumar et al. | Electrospun nanofibers of α-hematite/polyacrylonitrile/calcium carbonate/cellulose triacetate as a multifunctional platform in, wastewater treatment and remineralisation | |
Alshahrani et al. | Synthesis, characterization, and heavy-ion rejection rate efficiency of PVA/MWCNTs and Triton X-100/MWCNTs Buckypaper membranes | |
Yasir et al. | The adsorptive behaviour of electrospun hydrophobic polymers for optimized uptake of estrogenic sex hormones from aqueous media: kinetics, thermodynamics, and reusability study | |
Yang et al. | Facile fabrication of freestanding all-carbon activated carbon membranes for high-performance and universal pollutant management | |
Yu et al. | Synthesis of Ag–SiO2–APTES Nanocomposites by blending poly (Vinylidene Fluoride) Membrane with potential applications on dye wastewater treatment | |
Astira et al. | A recent development on core-shell-based material and their application in membranes for water and wastewater treatment | |
TW200815101A (en) | Ion exchange membrane and process for removing metal impurities in an organic liquid using filter element comprising the same | |
Abdullah et al. | Carbon-based polymer nanocomposites for dye and pigment removal |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |