CN1063308A - 白介素10在继承性免疫治疗癌症中的应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了将白介素10用于继承性免疫治
疗癌症的方法。在白介素2(IL-2)和白介素10
(IL-10)存在下,培养扩大肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞(TIL)
的数量,在给患者施用上述细胞后,再施用有效量的
IL-2和IL-10,以增加TIL的肿瘤细胞的细胞毒性
和降低由患者的TIL和其他细胞中产生IL-2诱发
的细胞素所引起的副作用。
Description
本发明一般涉及治疗人体肿瘤或癌症的方法和组合物,具体地说涉及白介素10(IL-10)组合物在继承性免疫治疗人体癌症中的应用。
对癌症治疗的免疫研究是根据以下的看法:癌细胞以某种方式回避人体对迷乱或外源细胞和分子的防御,这些防御可通过治疗促使其恢复已经失去的基础(参阅Klein,Immunology,Wiley-Interscience,New York,1982,pp.623-648)。最近对于各种免疫效应物可直接或间接抑制肿瘤生长的研究又引起对癌症治疗研究的兴趣(参阅Herberman,Concepts Immunopathol.,Vol.1,pp.96-132,1985,抗肿瘤细胞生长的天然致死细胞;Rosenberg et al.,Ann.Rev.Immunol.,Vol.4,pp.681-709,1988,IL-2激活的致死细胞在治疗癌症中的临床应用;Ralph et al.,J.Exp.Med.,Vol.167,pp.712-717,1988,由淋巴细胞活素刺激的巨噬细胞杀肿瘤活性;Tepper et.al.,Cell,Vol.57,pp.503-512,1989,IL-4的抗肿瘤活性;M.Cohen,“淋巴细胞活素和肿瘤免疫”,pp.237-253,Lymphokines and the immune Response,S.Cohen ed.CRC Press,Boca Raton,1990)等等。
一项免疫研究给临床应用带来了希望,即用由白介素2(IL-2)激活的致死细胞进行继承性免疫治疗(参阅Rosenberg et al.(引文同上)和Rosenberg,Sci.Amer.,pp.62-69,May 1990)。遗憾的是由IL-2直接或间接引起的严重副作用阻碍了以该研究为基础的常规治疗的开展(参阅Gaynor et al.,Ann.Int.Med.,Vol.109,pp.953-958,1988;Leeet al.,J.Clin,Oncol.,Vol.7,pp.7-20,1989;Rosenberg et al.,Human Path.Vol.22,pp.493-502,1990)。如果能够找到降低由IL-2直接和/或间接引起的副作用的严重程度的方法,这项治疗癌症的研究将会取得显著进展。
本发明涉及白介素10(IL-10)在继承性免疫治疗癌症中的应用。本发明还包括含有用于继承性免疫治疗的白介素10的药物组合物。作为本发明的基础,部分是由于发现IL-10能够防止或减少目前在继承性免疫治疗中与产生许多有害副作用有关的细胞素的产生。本文所述的“继承性免疫治疗”表示该治疗是将已经转移的机能性抗癌免疫细胞转移到患者中。抗癌免疫细胞最好含有源于患者本身的肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞(TIL)。广义地说,本发明方法的步骤包括:(ⅰ)在IL-2和IL-10存在下,培养肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞;(ⅱ)给患者施用所培养的肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞;(ⅲ)给患者施用上述细胞后再施用IL-2和IL-10。
本发明的白介素10优先选自具有由下列氨基酸顺序限定的开放读码的成熟多肽:
Met His Ser Ser Ala Leu Leu Cys Cys Leu Val Leu Leu Thr Gly
Val Arg Ala Ser Pro Gly Gln Gly Thr Gln Ser Glu Asn Ser Cys
Thr His Phe Pro Gly Asn Leu Pro Asn Met Leu Arg Asp Leu Arg
Asp Ala Phe Ser Arg Val Lys Thr Phe Phe Gln Met Lys Asp Gln
Leu Asp Asn Leu Leu Leu Lys Glu Ser Leu Leu Glu Asp Phe Lys
Gly Tyr Leu Gly Cys Gln Ala Leu Ser Glu Met Ile Gln Phe Tyr
Leu Glu Glu Val Met Pro Gln Ala Glu Asn Gln Asp Pro Asp Ile
Lys Ala His Val Asn Ser Leu Gly Glu Asn Leu Lys Thr Leu Arg
Leu Arg Leu Arg Arg Cys His Arg Phe Leu Pro Cys Glu Asn Lys
Ser Lys Ala Val Glu Gln Val Lys Asn Ala Phe Asn Lys Leu Gln
Glu Lys Gly Ile Tyr Lys Ala Met Ser Glu Phe Asp Ile Phe Ile
Asn Tyr Ile Glu Ala Tyr Met Thr Met Lys Ile Arg Asn
和
Met Glu Arg Arg Leu Val Val Thr Leu Gln Cys Leu Val Leu Leu
Tyr Leu Ala Pro Glu Cys Gly Gly Thr Asp Gln Cys Asp Asn Phe
Pro Gln Met Leu Arg Asp Leu Arg Asp Ala Phe Ser Arg Val Lys
Thr Phe Phe Gln Thr Lys Asp Glu Val Asp Asn Leu Leu Leu Lys
Glu Ser Leu Leu Glu Asp Phe Lys Gly Tyr Leu Gly Cys Gln Ala
Leu Ser Glu Met Ile Gln Phe Tyr Leu Glu Glu Val Met Pro Gln
Ala Glu Asn Gln Asp Pro Glu Ala Lys Asp His Val Asn Ser Leu
Gly Glu Asn Leu Lys Thr Leu Arg Leu Arg Leu Arg Arg Cys His
Arg Phe Leu Pro Cys Glu Asn Lys Ser Lys Ala Val Glu Gln Ile
Lys Asn Ala Phe Asn Lys Leu Gln Glu Lys Gly Ile Tyr Lys Ala
Met Ser Glu Phe Asp Ile Phe Ile Asn Tyr Ile Glu Ala Tyr Met
Thr Ile Lys Ala Arg,
式中标准三字母缩写用于说明自N端开始的L氨基酸。IL-10的这两种形式有时分别指人IL-10(或人细胞素合成抑制因子)和病毒IL-10(或BCRF 1)(参阅Moore et al.,Science,Vol.248,pp.1230-1234,1990;Vieira et al.,Science,Vol.88,pp.1172-1176,1991;Fiorentino et al.,J.Exp.Med.,Vol.170,pp.2081-2095,1989;Hsu et al.,Science,Vol.250,pp.830-832,1990)。用于本发明方法的成熟IL-10最好选自由下式限定的多肽:
Ser Pro Gly Gln Gly Thr Gln Ser Glu Asn Ser Cys Thr His Phe
Pro Gly Asn Leu Pro Asn Met Leu Arg Asp Leu Arg Asp Ala Phe
Ser Arg Val Lys Thr Phe Phe Gln Met Lys Asp Gln Leu Asp Asn
Leu Leu Leu Lys Glu Ser Leu Leu Glu Asp Phe Lys Gly Tyr Leu
Gly Cys Gln Ala Leu Ser Glu Met Ile Gln Phe Tyr Leu Glu Glu
Val Met Pro Gln Ala Glu Asn Gln Asp Pro Asp Ile Lys Ala His
Val Asn Ser Leu Gly Glu Asn Leu Lys Thr Leu Arg Leu Arg Leu
Arg Arg Cys His Arg Phe Leu Pro Cys Glu Asn Lys Ser Lys Ala
Val Glu Gln Val Lys Asn Ala Phe Asn Lys Leu Gln Glu Lys Gly
Ile Tyr Lys Ala Met Ser Glu Phe Asp Ile Phe Ile Asn Tyr Ile
Glu Ala Tyr Met Thr Met Lys Ile Arg Asn
和
Thr Asp Gln Cys Asp Asn Phe Pro Gln Met Leu Arg Asp Leu Arg
Asp Ala Phe Ser Arg Val Lys Thr Phe Phe Gln Thr Lys Asp Glu
Val Asp Asn Leu Leu Leu Lys Glu Ser Leu Leu Glu Asp Phe Lys
Gly Tyr Leu Gly Cys Gln Ala Leu Ser Glu Met Ile Gln Phe Tyr
Leu Glu Glu Val Met Pro Gln Ala Glu Asn Gln Asp Pro Glu Ala
Lys Asp His Val Asn Ser Leu Gly Glu Asn Leu Lys Thr Leu Arg
Leu Arg Leu Arg Arg Cys His Arg Phe Leu Pro Cys Glu Asn Lys
Ser Lys Ala Val Glu Gln Ile Lys Asn Ala Phe Asn Lys Leu Gln
Glu Lys Gly Ile Tyr Lys Ala Met Ser Glu Phe Asp Ile Phe Ile
Asn Tyr Ile Glu Ala Tyr Met Thr Ile Lys Ala Arg.
附图说明:
图1 表示哺乳动物表达载体pcD(SRα)。
图2 表示细菌表达载体TPP-C11。
图3 表示在IL-2和/或IL-4,vIL-10和hIL-10(字母v表示病毒,字母h表示人)存在下,培养的IL-2激活外周单核血细胞(PBMC)的细胞素合成数据。
图4(a)表示IL-4,vIL-10和hIL-10对IL-2引起的PBMC细胞毒性影响的数据。
图4(b)表示在IL-10和IL-2存在下,CD56+(Leu19+)PBMC具有LAK活性的数据。
图5(a)表示IL-4,vIL-10和hIL-10对纯化的NK细胞中产生IFNγ影响的数据。
图5(b)和(c)表示单核细胞对在IL-2和/或hIL-10和vIL-10存在下培养的纯化NK细胞产生IFNr影响的数据。
本发明的目的在于提供使用IL-10降低继承性免疫治疗癌症中细胞素引起的副作用的方法。本发明还包括含有用于实施该方法的IL-10的药物组合物。用于本发明的IL-10最好选自由pH15C、pH15C和pBCRF1(SR α)cDNA插入物限定的开放读码编码的成熟多肽,所述各插入物均已保藏在美国典型培养物保藏中心(ATCC),保藏号分别为68191,68192和68193。
IL-10最好与IL-2结合用于继承性免疫治疗(参阅Rosenberg et al.,Vol.4,pp.681-709,1988;Topalian et al.,J.Immunol.Meth.,Vol.102,pp.127-141,1987;Rosenberg et al.,New Eng.J.Med.,Vol.319,pp.1676-1680,1988)。上述文献系本文的参考文献。
TIL按下述方法制备:
采用无菌技术,将取自患者的固体肿瘤(最好10-30g)切成5mm3一块,浸在RPMI 1640培养基中,该培养基含有0.01% V型透明质酸酶、0.002%Ⅰ型DNA酶、0.1%Ⅳ型胶原酶(Sigma,St.Louis,MO)、青霉素50IU/ml、链霉素50μg/ml(Flow Laboratories,Mclean,VA)和庆大霉素50μg/ml(Gibco Laboratories,Chagrin Falls,OH)。该混合物在室温下搅拌6-24小时,然后用粗丝栅条滤去未消化的组织碎片。生成的肿瘤细胞悬浮液在400xg下离心10分钟。碎片用不含Ca/Mg/酚红的Hanks平衡盐溶液(HBSS)(Whittaker MA Bioproducts,Walkersville,MD)洗涤2次,再悬浮在HBSS中,然后通过Ficoll-Hypaque梯度仪(LSM,Bionetics,Kensington MD)。收集含有活肿瘤细胞、淋巴细胞和单核细胞的各梯度界面,用HBSS洗涤2次以上。用细胞检验法和/或流动细胞测定法,目估淋巴细胞数。收集的细胞可在含10%(V/V)DMSO的类型相容的人血清中冷冻贮藏。
浓度约为2.5-5.0×105活细胞/ml时,直接从上述酶消化方法或从快速解冻的样品中得到的各个单细胞肿瘤悬浮液在含有20%(V)LAK细胞上清液(详述于后)和80%(V)RPMI 1640培养基(含10%加热失活人血清、青霉素、链霉素、庆大霉素和两性霉素250ng/ml)(Fungizone,Squibb,Flow Laboratories,McLean,VA),Hepes缓冲液10mM和L-谷氨酰胺2mM的培养基中稀释。加入IL-2,使最终浓度为1000U/ml(其中IL-2活性单位如Rosenberg等在Science中所介绍,引文同上),并加IL-10,使最终浓度为10-100U/ml(其中单位定义如下)。将细胞分配在175cm2培养皿(Falcon,Becton Dickinson,Oxnard,CA)或类似容器中,进行TIL的培养,保持37℃温度和5%CO2湿度。收集TIL培养物,粉碎,再悬浮在新鲜培养基和新鲜IL-2中一周,或按培养物的生长率决定培养时间。TIL培养物又开始生长,每一代的浓度约为2.5×105活细胞/ml。培养9-28天后,最好培养30-40天,培养物中的肿瘤细胞消失。离心收集TIL,再将其悬浮在等渗盐溶液或类似药物载体中,然后输注到患者体内(最大输注量为:30-60分钟内200-250ml载体溶液中含2×1011细胞)。接着按如下所述,将TIL、IL-2和IL-10输注到患者体内。
按下述方法制备LAK细胞上清液:
采用常规的Ficol1-Hypaque分离技术,将由除去白细胞的样品或外周静脉血中得到的人外周血淋巴细胞悬浮在含2%加热失活的人AB血清、青霉素、链霉素和庆大霉素的RPMI1640培养基中,细胞浓度约为1.0×106细胞/ml。加入IL-2,浓度约为1000U/ml。细胞温育3-5天,离心收集培养物上清液,贮藏在4℃下,用于TIL培养。
Ⅰ、重组IL-10的表达
范围很宽的单细胞和多细胞表达体系(即宿主/表达载体相结合)能用于产生本发明的多肽。可能的各种宿主细胞包括但不限于细菌、酵母、昆虫和哺乳动物等。现有的许多评述为选择和/或改进特定表达体系提供了指导,例如在Kroon编的“Genes:Structure and Expression”(John Wiley & Sons,New York,1983)一书中,deBoer和Shepard在其“Strategies for Optimizing Foreign Gene Expression inEscherichia coli”文中(pp.205-247)评述了若干大肠杆菌表达体系;Kucherlapati等(Critical Reviews in Biochemistry,Vol.16 Issue 4,pp.349-379,1984)和Banerji等(Genetic Engineeriug,Vol.5,pp19-31,1983)评述了转染和转化哺乳动物细胞的方法;Reznikoff和Gold在其编的“Maximizing Gene Expression”(Butterworths,Boston,1986)一书中,评述了大肠杆菌、酵母和哺乳动物细胞中基因表达的选择;以及Thilly在“Mammalian Cell Technology”(Butterworths,Boston,1986)一书中评述了哺乳动物的表达体系。此外,还有许多评述介绍了连接和或操纵特定cDNA和表达控制顺序的技术和条件,以制备和/或修饰成适用于本发明的表达载体(如Sambrook等的评述,引文同上)。
大肠杆菌表达体系已由Riggs在美国专利4431739中公开,该文作为本申请的参考文献。de Boer在美国专利4551433中公开了具有特殊用途的能在大肠杆菌中高度表达的原核生物启动子是tac启动子,该文也为本申请的参考文献。大肠杆菌还可用于分泌表达载体。特别可以用的还有pIN-Ⅲ-ompA载体,其已由Ghrayeb等在EMBO J.(Vol.3,pp.2437-2442,1984)中公开,其中将待转录的cDNA与编码ompA蛋白的信号肽的大肠杆菌Omp A基因部分融合,再将成熟蛋白分泌到细菌的周质空间。美国专利4336336和4338397还公开了原核生物的分泌表达载体。上述文献均作为本申请的参考文献。
许多菌株都适用于原核生物表达载体的宿主,包括大肠杆菌株,例如W3110(ATTC No.27325)、JA221、C600、ED767、DH1、LE392、HB101、X1776(ATCC No.31244)、X2282、RR1(ATCC No.31343)、MRC1;枯草杆菌株和其他肠杆菌科,例如鼠伤寒沙门氏菌或粘质沙雷氏菌,以及各种假单胞菌。CurtisⅢ在美国专利4190495中公开了产生菌株(例如E.coli K12X1776)的一般方法,该菌株可用于表达真核生物蛋白。该专利也为本申请的参考文献。
除了原核和真核微生物外,含有由多细胞有机体产生的细胞的表达体系也可用于产生本发明的蛋白。由于哺乳动物表达体系的后转译处理机制很可能产生具有生物活性的哺乳动物蛋白,所以哺乳动物的表达体系具有特殊意义。有些DNA肿瘤病毒已经用作哺乳动物宿主的载体。特别重要的是含有与细菌复制控制顺序相结合的SV40复制、转录、和/或转译控制顺序的许多载体,例如由Okayama和Berg研究的(参阅Mol.Cell Biol.,Vol.2,pp.161-170,1982和Mol.Cell Biol.Vol.3,pp.280-289,1983)并由Takebe等改进的(参阅Mol.Cell Biol.,Vol.8,pp.466-472,1988)pcD载体。上述文献也系本申请的参考文献。其他的SV40哺乳动物表达载体包括Kaufman和Sharp公开在Mol.Cell Biol.(Vol.2,pp.1304-1319,1982)和Clark等在美国专利4675285中公开的那些载体。这两篇文献均系本申请的参考文献。猿猴细胞通常作为上述载体的较佳宿主。含有SV40ori顺序和完整的A基因的这类载体在猿猴细胞中都能自主复制(得到比非自主复制质粒更高拷贝数和/或更稳定拷贝数)。此外,含有SV40ori顺序但不含完整的A基因的载体能够在COS7猿猴细胞自主复制高拷贝数(但不稳定)(参阅Gluzman;Cell,Vol.23,pp.175-182,1981),该载体可由ATCC得到(ATCC No.CRL 1651)。上述SV40载体还能通过整合到宿主细胞DNA,转化其他哺乳动物细胞,例如鼠L细胞。
多细胞有机体也能用作产生本发明多肽的宿主,例如昆虫幼虫(参阅Maeda et al.,Nature,Vol.315,pp.592-594,1985和Ann.Rev.Entomol.,pp.351-372,1989)和基因突变动物(参阅Jaenisch,Science,Vol.240,pp.1468-1474,1988)。
Ⅱ、白介素10的测定和单位的定义
IL-10具有某些能构成测定和单位基础的生物活性。特别是IL-10对经过同源的存在抗原的细胞(APC)和抗原作用导致合成1种或多种这类细胞素的T辅助细胞的IFN-γ、淋巴毒素、IL-2、IL-3和GM-CSF中的细胞素,具有至少抑制其中一种细胞素合成的特性。在该活性中,APC经过处理,使其不能再复制,但仍保持其抗原处理机制的功能。这种处理用大约1500-3000R(γ或X射线)辐照APC即能顺利完成。
另外,细胞素抑制的测定可在一级或最好在二级混合淋巴细胞反应(MLR)中进行,在这种情况下,不需要使用同源APC。混合淋巴细胞反应在本领域中属公知技术(参阅Mishell等合编的”Selected Methods in Cellular Immunology”(Freeman,San Francisco,1980)一书中Bradley一文(.162-166)和Battisto等合著的一文(Meth,in Enzymol.,Vol.150.pp.83-91,1987)。简短地说,将同种异基因细胞和淋巴样细胞的两种细胞群体混合,其中一种在混合前先经处理(例如辐照处理),防止增殖。细胞群体的制备最好在补充的培养基(例如补充10%胎牛血清的RPMI1640培养基中浓度约为2×106细胞/ml的条件下进行。将对照培养物和测试培养物各取0.5ml,混合后用于测定。将一级MLR经7天后仍保存的细胞用新鲜制备的经过辐照的刺激细胞进行再刺激,用作二级MLR。可将有怀疑的含有IL-10的样品在混合时加到测试培养物。在混合后1-3天,可测定对照和测试培养物产生的细胞素。
制备IL-10测定用的T细胞群体和/或APC群体所用的技术在本领域中属公知的,在DiSabato等人合编的“Meth.in Enzymol。”(V.108,1984)一书中已作详细介绍。用于IL-10较佳测定的APC是外周单核血细胞,可用常规技术制备(参阅Boyum,Meth。in Enzymol.,Vol.108,pp.88-102,1984;Mage,Meth.in Enzymol.,Vol.108,pp.118-132,1984;Litvin et al.,Meth.in Enzymol.,Vol.108,pp.298-302,1984,Stevenson,Meth.in Enzymol.,Vol.108.,pp.242-249,1989;Romain et al.,Meth.in Enzymol.,Vol.108,pp.148-153,1984)。上述文献均作为本申请的参考文献。最好将辅助T细胞用于IL-10测定,该类细胞的取得可先从外周血分离出淋巴细胞,然后再采用扫视细胞测定法或流动细胞测定法挑选即可,辅助细胞可用市售抗CD4抗体(例如美国专利4381295介绍的OKT4)和由Ortho制药公司得到。其所用方法可参阅Boyum(Scand.J.Clin.Lab.Invest.,Vol.21,Suppl.97,p.77,1968和Meth.in Enzymol.,Vol.108,引文同上)和Bram等人(Meth.in Enzymol.Vol.121,pp.737-748,1986)所介绍的方法。一般说来,PBL可由新鲜血液通过Ficoll-Hypaque密度梯度离心方法得到。
对照培养物和测定培养物中细胞素的浓度可采用常规生物测定方法和/或免疫化学测定方法进行测定。在得到纯化的细胞素时,特定细胞素的免疫化学测定方法系本领域公知技术,例如Campbell的“Monoclonal Antibody Technology(Elsevier,Amsterdam,1984)、Tijssen的”Practice and Theory of Enzyme Immunoassays(Elsevier,Amsterdam,1985)和美国专利4486530都是涉及这个主题的重要文献。人IL-2、人IL-3和人GM-CSF的ELISA药盒可通过商业途径由Genzyme Corp.(Boston,MA)得到,人IFN-γ的ELISA药盒可通过商业途径由Endogen,Inc.(Boston,MA)得到。对人淋巴毒素有特异性的多克隆抗体可由Genzyme Corp.得到,该抗体能用于人淋巴毒素放射性免疫测定(参阅Chard:An Introduction to Radioimmunoassay and Related Techniques,Elsevier,Amsterdam,1982)。
上述细胞素的生物测定方法也能测定IL-10活性。关于人淋巴毒素的生物测定方法,Aggarwal(Meth.in Enzymol.,Vol.116,pp.441-447,1985)和Matthews(Clemens等人合编的Lymphokines and Interferons:A Practical Approach,pp.221-225,IRL Press,Washington,D.C.,1987)已经作了介绍。人IL-2和GM-CSF的测定可用因子依赖细胞系CTLL-2和KG-1,该细胞系可由ATCC得到(保藏号分别为TIB214和CCL246)。人IL-3的测定可通过其能否在软琼脂培养基上刺激血细胞菌落的大量形成予以解决(参阅Metcalf:The Hemopoietic Colony Stimulating Factors,Elsevier,Amsterdam,1984)。INF-γ可用抗病毒测定方法定量测定(参阅Clemens等合编的一书中Meager所著一文,pp.129-147,引文同上)。
细胞素的产生也能用mRNA分析方法测定。细胞素mRNA可用细胞质点杂交方法测定(参阅White et al,J.Biol.Chem.,Vol.257,pp.8569-8572,1982和Gillespie et al.,美国专利4483920)。上述文献也系本申请的参考文献。其他的研究包括纯化的RNA点印迹法(参阅Hames等合编的Nucleic Acid Hybridization:A Practical Approach第6章,IRL Press,Washington,D.C.,1985)。
用于IL-10活性测定的有些样品必须进行预处理,以除去预知会影响测定的细胞素。例如,IL-2能够提高某些细胞中产生IFN-γ,因此根据用于测定的辅助T细胞,必须除去测试样品中的IL-2。去除方法很方便,只要将样品通过常规的抗细胞素亲和柱即可。
为了简便起见,IL-10活性的单位定义为IL-10增加IL-4诱导MC/9细胞增殖的能力。关于MC/9细胞可参阅美国专利4559310,并可从ATCC得到(保藏号为CRL 8306)。1单位/ml定义为:IL-10的量能够使刺激MC/9细胞增殖峰值的50%高于下述测定中IL-4的含量。在常规微量滴定板的每个穴中滴入50μl培养基,制备2份或3份IL-4和IL-10稀释液。培养基由RPMI 1640、10%胎牛血清、50μM2-巯基乙醇、2mM谷氨酰胺、青霉素(100U/L)和链霉素(100μg/L)组成。每穴1600U/ml稀释的培养基中加25μl IL-4(最终浓度为400U/ml IL-4),温育过夜,例如温育20-24小时。再加3H-胸核苷(例如50μ Ci/ml培养基),加入量为0.5-1.0μCi/穴,并将细胞温育过夜,然后收集细胞,测量其放射性。
Ⅲ.纯化、药物组合物和施用
当本发明的多肽以可溶形式表达时,例如以转化酵母或转化哺乳动物细胞的分泌产物表达时,它们可按本领域所用的常规方法进行纯化,包括硫酸铵沉淀、离子交换层析、凝胶过滤、电泳、亲和层析等,例如“Enzyme Purification and Relatcd Techniques”(Methods in Enzymology,22:233-577,1977)和Scopes,R.,“Protein Purification:Principles and Practice”(Springer-Verlag,New York,1982)提供了纯化技术的指导。另外,当本发明的多肽以非溶解形式表达时,例如以凝集体、包涵体等形式表达时,它们可按本领域所用常规技术进行纯化,包括通过离心将包涵体与歧化宿主细胞进行分离、用促溶剂和还原剂溶解包涵体、稀释已溶解的混合物和降低促溶剂和还原剂的浓度,使多肽具有生物活性的构象。后者所述方法已在下列文献中发表,这些文献也为本申请的参考文献:Winkler et al.,Biochemistry(25:4041-4045,1986);Winkler et al.,Biotechnology(3:992-998,1985);Koths et al.,(美国专利4569790),以及欧洲专利申请86306917.5和86306353.3。IL-10最好与人白介素2(hIL-2)结合使用。IL-2可按下列文献提供的方法进行生产,这些也为本申请的参考文献:Taniguchi et al.,(美国专利4738927);Rosenberg et al.,(Science,Vol.223,pp.1412-1415,1984);Dorin et al.,(美国专利4748234);Koth et al.,(美国专利4569790)等。
一般说来,IL-10作为药物组合物使用时,它含有药物载体和有效量的IL-10及IL-2。药物载体可以是适宜于将本发明组合物输送给患者的任何可相容的无毒物质。一般说来,用于非肠道的这类药物的组合物都是已知的,例如Remington′s Pharmaceutical Science,15 th Ed,(Mack Publishing Company,Easton,PA 1980)。此外,本发明的组合物可通过植入或注入药物输送系统送入患者体内(参阅:Urquhart et al.,Ann.Rev.Pharmacol.Toxicol.,Vol.24,pp.199-236,1984;Lewised,Controlled Release of Pesticides and Pharmaceuticals,Plenum Press,New York,1981;美国专利3773919;美国专利3270960等)。
非肠道用药时,IL-10与药物载体结合配制成单位剂量注射剂形式(溶液、悬浮液、乳剂)。这类载体的例子有生理盐水、Ringer溶液、葡萄糖溶液和Hanks溶液。非液体载体例如可用固体油和油酸乙酯。较佳的载体为5%葡萄糖/盐水。载体可包括少量添加剂,例如增加等渗性和化学稳定性的物质,如缓冲剂和防腐剂。IL-10最好配制成基本上不含凝聚体和其他蛋白质的纯化形式,浓度约为5-20μg/ml。
本文所述“有效量”的IL-10表示该用量足以降低或防止继承性免疫治疗中产生副作用。对具体患者的有效量可根据各种因素而改变,例如需要治疗的肿瘤的状态和类型、患者的整体健康水平、体重、用药方式、副作用的严重程度、其他合用药物的数量和种类等。IL-10最好以最高容许剂量施用。此外,IL-2也可以最高容许剂量施用(例如约105U/kg,每隔8小时静脉注射一次,与50ml的0.9%盐水和5%蛋白或类似载体配制)。IL-2和IL-10最好同时使用。
以下实施例说明本发明。所选择的载体和宿主、试剂浓度、温度和其他可变值仅例举说明本发明的应用,但并非限制本发明。
实施例1:人CSIF在细菌宿主中的表达
由许多化学合成的双链DNA片段组成合成的人CSIF基因,构成表达载体TAC-RBS-hCSIF。在常规的细菌系统中(例如E.coli K-12菌株JM101和JM103等)进行克隆和表达(参阅:Viera and Messing,in Gene,Vol.19,pp.259-268,1982)。按常规方法,用核酸内切限制酶消化,并与连接酶反应(参阅:Maniatis et al.,Molecular Cloning:A Ladoratory Manual,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory,New York,1982)。
碱方法(Maniatis et al.,引文同上)可用于小规模的质粒制备。改进的碱方法则可用于大规模的质粒制备,该改进方法是用等体积的异丙醇从纯溶解产物中沉淀出核酸。在用氯化铯平衡密度离心前,先用冷却的2.5M乙酸铵沉淀除去RNA,再用溴乙锭检测。
用Whatman 540过滤器过滤杂化物,将留存的菌落溶解,并相继用0.5M NaOH、1.5M NaCl和1M Tris-HCl(pH8.0)、1.5M NaCl处理(各2分钟)固定,再在80℃下加热30分钟。杂化物在6XSSPE、20%甲酰胺、0.1%十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)、100mg/ml E.coli tRNA、100mg/ml考斯马亮兰G-250(Bio-Rad)中,于42℃下用32P-标记(激活)合成的DNA(20xSSPE制备:将174g NaCl,27.6g NaH2PO4·9H2O和7.4g EDTA溶解于800ml水中,用NaOH将pH调至7.4,体积调至1升,样品用高压釜灭菌)。滤器用1xSSPE,0.1% SDS洗涤2次(15分钟,室温)。放射自显影(富士RX感光片)后,将滤器上显示兰色菌落的再生长的菌落划线作为阳性菌落。用Sanger等人的二脱氧法(Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.,Vol.74,p.5463,1977)排列DNA顺序。二脱氧反应的模板可以是重克隆到M13mp载体的相关区域的单链DNA(参阅Messing et al.,Nucleic AcidsRes.,Vol.9,p.309,1981),也可以是用基本碱方法制备并用0.2MNaOH变性(5分钟,室温)以及加2体积乙醇由0.2M NaOH、1.43M乙酸铵沉淀出的双链DNA。DNA是用应用生物系统380A合成仪通过磷酰胺化学方法合成的;合成、去保护、裂解和纯化(7M脲PAGE、洗脱、DEAE纤维素层析可按380A合成仪手册所述进行。
将需克隆的各合成DNA的互补链(各400ng)混合,并用多核苷酸激酶以50ml反应体积进行磷酸化。该DNA在室温下以50ml体积与经适当的限制性酶消化过的1mg载体DAN连接4-12小时。磷酸化条件、用限制性酶消化、聚合酶反应和连接都已有介绍(参阅:Maniatis et al.,引文同上)。需要时可在补加氨苄青霉素、0.4mM异丙基-1-硫-β-D-半乳糖苷(IPTG)和5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚基-β-D-吡喃半乳糖(x-gal)(40mg/ml)的L琼脂上划出lacZ+菌落。
将DNA聚合酶填满具有tac P的质粒pDR540(Pharmacia)的Bam HI位点,构建TAC-RBC载体。然后将其与未磷酸化的合成寡核苷酸(Pharmacia)连接,构成编码一致的核糖体结合位点GTAAGGAGGTTTAAC即RBS的双链片段。连接后,将该混合物磷酸化,并再与Sst Ⅰ联结子ATGAGCTCAT连接。该复合物用Sst Ⅰ和Eco RI裂解,通过聚丙酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)分离得到173个碱基对(bp)的片段,将其克隆到Eco RI-SstⅠ限制的pUC 19(Pharmacia)(如下所述)中。最终构建的RBS-ATG多联结子顺序(称为TAC-RBS)示于图3。
按8个步骤将合成的IL-10基因组合到pUC19质粒中。每一步都能在克隆后通过在含有插入在步骤1中的ATG起始密码中保持pUC19的lacZ(α)基因,检测无缺失和/或插入物。含缺失的克隆和/或插入物的变化都可通过在含x-gal和IPTG的L-氨苄青霉素板上划出兰色菌落而被滤去。此外,在每一步骤中,插入物的顺序都很容易在小尺度质粒DNA制剂(例如可由Boehringer Mannheim得到)上用通用顺序的引物进行证明。
步骤1:TAC-RBS载体用Sst Ⅰ消化,并用T4 DNA聚合酶处理(该酶的3′-核酸外切酶活性消化SstⅠ切口的3′-突出链,形成钝端片段),T4DNA聚合酶失活后,用Eco RI处理,形成含TAC-RBS区和在ATG起始密码子上具有钝端、在其相对一端具有Eco RI切口的173个碱基对的片段。最终分离得到173个碱基对的TAC-RBC片段。
步骤2:将步骤1分离得到的TAC-RBC片段与Eco RI/KpnⅠ消化的质粒pUC19和合成片段1A/B混合,所述合成片段1A/B(如下所示)在其上游端具有钝端和在其下游端具有相当于KpnⅠ切口的交错端。该KpnⅠ端邻近并位于BstEⅡ位点下游。将这些片段,构成第2步的pUC19。
步骤3:将合成的片段2A/B和3A/B(如下所示)与步骤2(经扩增和纯化后)的BstEⅡ/SmaⅠ消化的pUC19混合,连接形成步骤3的pUC19。应该注意的是片段3A/B的下游端含有构成SmaⅠ钝端的附加碱基。这些附加碱基在步骤4中被裂解。片段2A/B和3A/B还具有通过混合可对合在一起的互补9个单链残端,脱离2A/B上游BstEⅡ切口和3A/B下游钝端并与pUC 19连接。
步骤4:将步骤3的pUC 19用Af/Ⅱ/XbaⅠ消化、扩增、纯化、再纯化、与合成片段4A/B(如下所示)混合,连接形成步骤4的pUC19。
步骤5:将步骤4的pUC 19用XbaⅠ/Sa/Ⅰ消化、扩增和纯化,并与合成片段5A/B(如下所示)混合,连接形成步骤5的pUC 19。应该注意的是片段5A/B的SalⅠ交错端在步骤6中经HpaⅠ消化后已经消失。
步骤6:将步骤5的pUC 19用HpaⅠ/PstⅠ消化、扩增和纯化,并与合成片段6A/B(如下所示)混合,连接形成步骤6的pUC 19。
步骤7:将步骤6的pUC19用C/aⅠ/SphⅠ消化、扩增和纯化,并与合成片段7A/B(如下所示)混合,连接形成步骤7的pUC 19。
步骤8:将步骤7的pUC 19用MluⅠ/HindⅢ消化、扩增和纯化,并与合成片段8A/B和9A/B混合,连接形成最终的构建体,然后按常规技术将其插入到E.coli K-12株JM101(可由ATCC得到,保藏号为33876)。培养后,由JM101细胞提取蛋白质,测定提取物稀释液的生物活性。
AGCCCAGGCC AGGGCACCCA GTCTGAGAAC AGCTGCACCC ACTTC-
TCGGGTCCGG TCCCGTGGGT CAGACTCTTG TCGACGTGGG TGAAG-
CCAGGtAACC ggtac
GGTCCaTTGG c
片段1A/B
GtAACCTGCC TAACATGCTT CGAGATCTCC GAGATGCCTT CAGCA-
GACGG ATTGTACGAA GCTCTAGAGG CTCTACGGAA GTCGT-
GAGTGAAGAC TTTCTTT
CTCACTTC
片段2A/B
CAAATGAAGG ATCAGCTGGA CAACTTGTTc TtAAG
TGAAAGAAA GTTTACTTCC TAGTCGACCT GTTGAACAAg AaTTC
片段3A/B
GAGTCCTTGC TGGAGGACTT TAAGGGTTAC CTGGGTTGCC AAGCC-
CTCAGGAACG ACCTCCTGAA ATTCCCAATG GACCCAACGG TTCGG-
TTGTCTGAGA TGATCCAGTT TTAt
AACAGACTCT ACTAGGTCAA AATaGAtC
片段4A/B
CTaGAGGAGG TGATGCCCCA AGCTGAGAAC CAAGACCCAG ACATC-
GAtCTCCTCC ACTACGGGGT TCGACTCTTG GTTCTGGGTC TGTAG-
AAGGCGCATG TtAACg
TTCCGCGTAC AaTTGcagct
片段5A/B
AACTCCCTGG GGGAGAACCT GAAGACCCTC AGGCTGAGGC TACGG-
TTGAGGGACC CCCTCTTGGA CTTCTGGGAG TCCGACTCCG ATGCC-
CGCTGTCATC GATctgca
GCGACAGTAG CTAg
片段6A/B
CGATTTCTTC CCTGTCAAAA CAAGAGCAAG GCCGTGGAGC AGGTG-
TAAAGAAG GGACAGTTTT GTTCTCGTTC CGGCACCTCG TCCAC-
AAGAAcGCgT gcatg
TTCTTgCGcA c
片段7A/B
CGCGTTTAAT AATAAGCTCC AAGACAAAGG CATCTACAAA GCCAT-
AAATTA TTATTCGAGG TTCTGTTTCC GTAGATGTTT CGGTA-
GAGTGAGTTT GAC
CTCA
片段8A/B
ATCTTCATCA ACTACATAGA AGCCTACATG ACAAT-
CTCAAACTG TAGAAGTAGT TGATGTATCT TCGGATGTAC TGTTA-
GAAGATACGA AACTGA
CTTCTATGCT TTGACTtcga
片段9A/B
(各片段底下一行的字母表示与相同位点上天然的顺序不同的碱基)
实施例2:vIL-10在COS7猿猴细胞中的表达
编码vIL-10开放读码的基因用能将扩增片段较晚插入到EcoRI消化的pcD(SRα)载体(图1)的引物通过聚合酶链反应进行扩增。插入片段的编码链如下所示(开放读码用大写字母表示)。
aattcATGGA GCGAAGGTTA GTGGTCACTC TGCAGTGCCT
TACCTGGCAC CTGAGTGTGG AGGTACAGAC CAATGTGACA AT
GACCTAAGAG ATGCCTTCAG TCGTGTTAAA ACCTTTTTCC AGAC
CGAGGTAGAT AACCTTTTGC TCAAGGAGTC TCTGCTAGAG GACTTTAAGG
ATGCCAGGCC CTGTCAGAAA TGATCCAATT CTACCTGGAG GAAGTCATGC
CACAGGCTGA AAACCAGGAC CCTGAAGCCA AAGACCATGT CAATTCTTTG
GGTGAAAATC TAAAGACCCT ACGGCTCCGC CTGCGCAGGT GCCACAGGTT
CCTGCCGTGT GAGAACAAGA GTAAAGCTGT GGAACAGATA AAAAATGCCT
TTAACAAGCT GCAGGAAAAA GGAATTTACA AAGCCATGAG TGAATTTGAC
ATTTTTATTA ACTACATAGA AGCATACATG ACAATTAAAG CCAGGTGAg
在固有方向上携带插入物的克隆体通过vIL-10的表达和/或限制性消化的电脉图案得到证明。携带vIL-10基因的这样一种载体命名为pBCRF1(SRα),并已保藏在ATCC,保藏号为68193。pBCRF1(SRα)在大肠杆菌MC1061中扩增,按常规技术分离,并按如下所述用于转染COS7猿猴细胞:转染前一天,将大约1.5×106COS7猿猴细胞接种在含5%胎牛血清(FCS)和2mM谷氨酰胺的Dulbecco改良Eagle培养基(DME)的100mm培养板上。为了进行转染,通过用胰蛋白酶温育从培养皿中取出的COS7细胞,在不含血清的DME中洗涤2次,在不含血清的DME中悬浮至107细胞/ml。将0.75ml等份悬浮液与20μgDNA混合后,转移到无菌0.4cm电击杯中,10分钟后细胞在BioRad基因脉冲仪上用200V和960μF进行脉冲处理。隔10分钟后,从电击杯中移出细胞,加到含5%FCS、2mM谷氨酰胺、青霉素、链霉素和庆大霉素的20mlDME中。将该混合物等份置于4个100mm组织培养皿中,在37℃和5%CO下经12-24小时后,用仅含1%FCS的相同培养基取代原培养基,在37℃和5%CO下继续温育72小时,然后收集和测定培养基抑制IFNγ合成的能力。
取10ml等份新分离到的PBL(约2×106细胞/ml),在37℃下于含PHA(100ng/ml)的培养基中温育,该培养基的组成为:(ⅰ)90%DME,补加5%FCS和2mM谷氨酰胺;(ⅱ)10%预先经pBCRF1(SR α)转染的COS7细胞的上清液。24小时后,收集细胞和上清液,分别测定其是否存在IFN γ mRNA或IFN γ蛋白。对照作同样处理,但10%的上清液取自预先用携带不相关的cDNA插入物的质粒转染的COS7培养物。与对照相比,经vIL-10处理过的样品抑制约50%IFNγ的合成。
实施例3:vIL-10在大肠杆菌中的表达
编码下列成熟vIL-10的基因可在大肠杆菌中表达:
Thr Asp Gln Cys Asp Asn Phe Pro Gln Met Leu Arg Asp Leu Arg
Asp Ala Phe Ser Arg Val Lys Thr Phe Phe Gln Thr Lys Asp Glu
Val Asp Asn Leu Leu Leu Lys Glu Ser Leu Leu Glu Asp Phe Lys
Gly Tyr Leu Gly Cys Gln Ala Leu Ser Glu Met Ile Gln Phe Tyr
Leu Glu Glu Val Met Pro Gln Ala Glu Asn Gln Asp Pro Glu Ala
Lys Asp His Val Asn Ser Leu Gly Glu Asn Leu Lys Thr Leu Arg
Leu Arg Leu Arg Arg Cys His Arg Phe Leu Pro Cys Glu Asn Lys
Ser Lys Ala Val Glu Gln Ile Lys Asn Ala Phe Asn Lys Leu Gln
Glu Lys Gly Ile Tyr Lys Ala Met Ser Glu Phe Asp Ile Phe Ile
Asn Tyr Ile Glu Ala Tyr Met Thr Ile Lys Ala Arg.
将pBCRF1(SRα)的cDNA插入物再克隆到经2次定位诱变的M13质粒中;第一次在成熟vIL-10多肽编码区的5′端形成ClaⅠ位点,第二次在成熟vIL-10多肽编码区的3′端形成BamHI位点,然后将经过诱变的顺序插入到以下所述的TRPC11表达载体中。
TRPC11载体的构建是将合成的一致性RBS片段与ClaⅠ联接物(ATGCAT)连接,并将生成的片段克隆到预先已经修饰成含有ClaⅠ位点的ClaⅠ限制的pMT11hc中。pMT11hc是一个小型的(2.3千碱基)、高拷贝的、具有πVX质粒EcoRⅠ-HindⅢ多联结物区的pBR322衍生的AMPR、TETS(其中πVX参阅Maniatis et al,Molecular Cloning:A Laboratory Manual,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory,1982),其经用Eco RI和BamHⅠ限制pMT11hc修饰含有ClaⅠ位点,并且填满生成的各粘端,与ClaⅠ联结物(CATCGATG)连接,从而修复EcoRI和BamHI位点,并由ClaⅠ位点取代SmaⅠ位点。由TRPC11构建体得到的一个转化株具有一联串RBS顺序,其两侧各有一个ClaⅠ位点。其中一个ClaⅠ位点和部分RBS顺序的第二拷贝在4个脱氧核苷三磷酸存在下通过下列步骤去除:用PstⅠ消化该质粒,用Bal 31核酸酶处理,用EcoRI限制和用T4DNA聚合酶处理。通过PAGE回收生成的30-40bp片段,并将其克隆到SmaⅠ限制的pUC12中。然后将由pKC101衍生的含有248bp E.coli trp的Eco RI片段(参阅Nichols et al,Methods in Enzymology,Vol.101.p.155,Academic Press,N.Y.1983)克隆到Eco RI位点,完成TRPC11的构建(参见附图2)。用Cla Ⅰ和Bam HI消化TRPC11,对其纯化后,在常规连接溶液中与含编码成熟BCRF1的核苷酸顺序的M13的ClaⅠ-BamHI片段混合,则TRPC11可用作vIL-10的载体。含插入物的TRPC11(即TRPC11-BCRF1)能在大肠杆菌K12株JM101(可由ATCC得到,保藏号为:33876)中增殖。
实施例4:IL-4和IL-10对IL-2诱导的干扰素γ的合成和人NK细胞中细胞毒性的差示作用
本实施例说明:IL-4、hIL-10和vIL-10抑制由IL-2刺激的外周单核血细胞(PBMC)的干扰素γ(INFγ)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)的合成,但IL-4仅仅抑制纯化的NK细胞的INFγ的合成。除了作为辅助细胞的T细胞外,加单核细胞能恢复NK细胞的hIL-10/vIL-10对INFγ合成的抑制作用。与IL-4不同,hIL-10和vIL-10并不抑制IL-2的PBMC中淋巴细胞活素激活的致死(LAK)活性的诱导。因此,IL-4和IL-10通过不同的机制作用于NK细胞。
测定重组体hIL-10、vIL-10和hIL-4对INFγ和TNFα的合成的及对由IL-2在PBMC中诱导的LAK活性的作用。将所述细胞培养在200u/ml rIL-2中5天,其中或加IL-4(200单位/ml),或加含hIL-10、vIL-10或不含细胞素(模拟)的COS7上清液,然后测量细胞素的合成。此外还搞清了LAK对Burkitt淋巴瘤细胞素Daudi具有活性,该细胞素不是被新鲜的NK细胞而是被LAK细胞有效地致死。在含有hIL-10、vIL-10或IL-4的培养物中,IL-2诱导的INFγ和TNFα的合成基本上被抑制(图3)。相反,IL-2诱导的LAK对Daudi细胞的活性仅在含IL-4的培养物中受到抑制,而且在hIL-10和vIL-10培养物中并无改变,甚至略有提高(图4a)。IL-2诱导的LAK活性最初是由CD56+(Leu19+)NK细胞介导的(参阅:Phillips et al.,J.Exp.Med.,Vol.164,pp.814-825,1986和Ortaldo et al.,J.Exp.Med.,Vol.164,pp.1193-1205,1986)。为了测定在用IL-2和hIL-10或vIL-10培养的PBMC中诱导的LAK细胞的表型,通过FACS将CD56+和CD56-群体分类,测定其对Daudi细胞的细胞毒性。图4b说明,仅用IL-2,则仅在CD56+群体中观察到明显的LAK活性。因此,当IL-4和IL-10都抑制IL-2诱导的IFNγ和TNFα的合成时,在PBMC中IL-4仅抑制IL-2诱导的细胞毒性。
在PBMC中大部分IL-2诱导的IFNγ的合成都是由NK细胞而不是由T细胞产生的(参阅:Trinchieri et al.,J.Exp.Med.,Vol.160,pp.1147-1169,1984)。因此,hIL-10,vIL-10和IL-4对IL-2诱导的IFNr合成的作用可通过FACS纯化的NK细胞(纯度>99.5%)测定的。IL-4抑制这些细胞产生IL-2诱导的IFNγ的分泌;相反,hIL-10或vIL-10都不抑制由纯化的新鲜的NK细胞产生的IFNγ的合成。
IFNγ的合成受在PMBC(不是NK细胞)培养物中被IL-10抑制,人们认为IL-10的这个作用是由辅助细胞群体介导的。NK细胞可通过将CD56+细胞与由Percoll梯度离心法得到的低密度细胞部分分离进行纯化,并将该NK细胞与塑粘性细胞或与高密度细胞群体(98% T细胞)混合。将粘性细胞加到NK细胞,通过NK细胞则可显著增加IL-2诱导的IFNγ群体。粘性细胞的这种刺激作用可被IL-10封阻(图5b)。含T细胞部分并不对NK细胞的IL-2诱导的IFNγ的产生发挥作用,而且也不能通过IL-10(图5b)介导抑制IFNγ的产生(图5b)。虽然大部分塑粘性细胞都是单核细胞,但是,已经肯定,单核细胞能够增加IL-2诱导的IFNγ的产生和通过IL-10介导它的抑制。NK细胞和CD14+单核细胞可通过分类并在IL-2和IL-10存在下培养进行纯化。图3C将纯化的单核细胞加到NK细胞中,可增加IL-2诱导的INFγ的产生。此外,IL-10仅在单核细胞存在下,抑制IL-2诱导的IFNγ的产生。
上述结果说明,IL-4和IL-10(人或病毒)通过IL-2刺激的PBMC抑制IFNγ和TNFα的合成,但IL-4仅抑制IL-2诱导的LAK活性。这些结果说明,IL-2诱导的细胞素的产生和经NK细胞产生的细胞毒性是由不同途径调节的。此外,通过NK细胞IL-10对IFNγ合成的抑制作用是间接的并且是由单核细胞介导的,而在没有辅助细胞的情况下,IL-4可作用于NK细胞。
IL-4、hIL-10和vIL-10通过IL-2激活的PBMC抑制INFγ的合成(图3)。人PBMC是通过用Fico11-Hypaque离心方法由健康供体的血沉棕黄层分离得到后,在106/ml的rIL-2(200单位/ml)条件下培养在含1%人AB+血清的Yssel培养基中,培养基中或加rIL-4(200单位/ml),10%COS-hIL-10,10%COS-vIL-10或加10%模拟COS(参阅:Yssel et al.,Immunol.Meth.,Vol.72,pp.219-227,1984)。培养是24穴培养板上进行的,采用ELISA方法收集上清液后,测量INFγ(参阅:Hsu et al.,Science,Vol.250,pp.830-832,1990)。还采用ELISA方法(Endogen,Boston,MA)测定TNFα。在没有IL-2的情况下,细胞素的产生低于IFNγ和TNFα ELISA灵敏度的极限(0.3ng/ml和10pg/ml)。误差线表示两个样品的误差范围。用IL-2刺激时,由不同供体得到的PBMC,其产生IFNγ和TNFα的能力也各有差异;然而这些试验经重复12次(IFNγ)和3次(TNFα)以上,结果相似。
IL-4(不包括hIL-10或vIL-10)能抑制在PBMC中由IL-2诱导的细胞毒性(图4a)。由类似于图1的试验得到的PBMC,仅收集其上清液并测定其对51Cr标记的Daudi细胞的细胞毒性。LAK活性通过在用IL-2和IL-10培养的PBMC中的CD56+细胞表示(图4b)。PBMC用与FITC结合的抗CD56抗体染色,并在FacStar脉冲仪(Becton-Dickinson,San Jose,CA)上分类。关于CD56+和CD56-(纯度99.7%)两部分中的细胞毒性活性的测定方法参阅Spits et al.,J.Immunol.,Vol.141,pp.29-36,1988。
通过纯化的NK细胞的IL-2诱导的INFγ的合成直接被ILI-4抑制,而不是被hIL-10或vIL-10抑制(图5a)。在含有200单位/mlrIL-2的106细胞/ml条件下(其中或加500单位/ml rIL-4,或加COS-hIL-10、COS-vIL-10或COS-模拟上清液(10%),将FACS纯化的NK细胞(纯度>99.5%)在Yssel培养基中培养4-5天,然后收集从双份培养物中得到的上清液,混合后通过ELISA方法测量IFNγ。加入粘性细胞(但不加T细胞),通过纯化的NK细胞恢复IL-2诱导的INFγ合成的IL-10介导的抑制作用(图5b)。加入纯化的单核细胞,通过纯化的NK细胞恢复IL-2诱导的IFNγ合成的IL-10介导抑制作用。仅仅单核细胞不能产生IFNγ(图5c)。在37℃下将PBMC置于组织培养皿中洗涤、温育40分钟。用橡胶淀帚刮集粘性细胞。将粘性细胞取出后磨成碎片,涂在尼龙羊毛柱上,在37℃下温育40分钟。从柱上洗脱后,将细胞磨成碎片,悬浮在含10%FCS/PBS的30%Percoll中,并铺在40% Percoll上。在室温下离心30分钟后,回收界面上大颗粒淋巴细胞,洗涤2次。这些细胞与抗CD56抗体(BectonDic kinson,San Jose,CA)一起,在4℃下温育30分钟后,洗涤,在FACS分类前先用羊抗鼠FITC(Jackson Immunoresearch,Avondale,PA)染色。CD56+细胞大约含有35-50%经过分类的细胞。通过再分析,经过分类的细胞高于99.5%CD56+。将9×105纯化的NK细胞与3×105粘性细胞或T细胞混合,最终体积为100ml,并与IL-2+hIL-10、vIL-10或如上所述的模拟上清液一起培养。收集上清液后,测定IFNγ的产生。误差线表示两份样品的误差范围。按如下方法得到由相同供体提供的NK细胞和单核细胞:将PBMC与羊血红细胞一起温育过夜,通过用Ficoll-Hypaque梯度仪离心分离得到粘连的(CD2+)和未粘连的细胞。E+细胞按纯化PBMC同样的方法(同上)进行纯化,得到纯化的NK细胞。然后将E-细胞与抗CD14mAb(Leu M3)和FITC标记的羊抗鼠IgG抗体一起温育,并用FACS tar脉冲仪将CD14+细胞分类。这些细胞的纯度高于98%。将106纯化NK细胞与100ml的105纯单核细胞混合,在不加或加IL-2+hIL-10、vIL-10或如上所述模拟上清液条件下进行培养。收集上清液,测定IFNγ的产生。在没有IL-2的情况下,IFNγ的产生低于检测极限值。误差线表示两份样品的误差范围。由不同供体得到的NK细胞,其产生IFNγ的能力也各有差异。
上述本发明的实施例的描述仅仅为了说明和描述本发明,而无意将本发明限制于所公开的精确形式上,根据本发明提供的方法,显然可以作出许多改进和改变。本文选择和介绍的实施例是为更好地说明本发明的原理,从而使本领域的专业人员能够最佳地将本发明用于各种实施,并且作出各种改进的发明范围也属于本发明的范围。
在1989年12月20日,申请人已在美国典型培养物保藏中心(ATCC)分别保藏了携带pH5C、pH15C和pBCRF1(SRα)的大肠杆菌MC1061的培养物,保藏号为68191,68192和68193。根据35USC 122和37CFR1.14,这些保藏的菌株在ATCC同意用于专利目的条件下可以提供给美国专利商标部,并且通过美国专利的发表可向公众提供。但可以得到已经保藏的菌株不能认为可以违背各国政府根据其专利法授予的权利允许其实施本发明。
Claims (2)
1、培养用于治疗癌症的肿瘤浸润的淋巴细胞的方法,该方法包括在白介素2和白介素10存在下,培养肿瘤浸润的淋巴细胞,使该细胞增殖。
2、制备含有白介素2和白介素10的药物组合物的方法,所述组合物用于治疗已经在白介素2和白介素10存在下培养得到的肿瘤浸润的淋巴细胞处理过的患者的癌症,该方法包括将白介素2和白介素10与药物载体或赋形剂相混合。
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CN102811736A (zh) * | 2009-11-30 | 2012-12-05 | 生物测试股份公司 | 治疗系统性红斑狼疮(sle)的人源化抗il-10抗体 |
CN102811736B (zh) * | 2009-11-30 | 2016-01-20 | 生物测试股份公司 | 治疗系统性红斑狼疮(sle)的人源化抗il-10抗体 |
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