CN106328818B - 荧光/磷光混合型白光有机发光二极管 - Google Patents

荧光/磷光混合型白光有机发光二极管 Download PDF

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CN106328818B
CN106328818B CN201610735764.4A CN201610735764A CN106328818B CN 106328818 B CN106328818 B CN 106328818B CN 201610735764 A CN201610735764 A CN 201610735764A CN 106328818 B CN106328818 B CN 106328818B
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CN106328818A (zh
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袁伟
涂爱国
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TCL China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种荧光/磷光混合型白光有机发光二极管，其发光层包括蓝光发光层、绿光发光层和红光发光层，其中所述蓝光发光层包含主体材料和蓝色荧光材料，所述蓝光发光层的主体材料包括电子型主体材料，所述绿光发光层包括绿色磷光材料，所述红光发光层包括红色磷光材料。本发明的荧光/磷光混合型白光有机发光二极管器件效率较高、光谱稳定性好，并且在高亮度下，效率的衰减得到明显的改善，表现出了很好的电致发光(EL)性能。

Description

荧光/磷光混合型白光有机发光二极管
技术领域
本发明属于有机发光二极管领域，具体涉及一种荧光/磷光混合型白光有机发光二极管。
背景技术
根据发光材料的不同，白光有机发光二级管可以分为全荧光白光器件、全磷光白光器件以及荧光/磷光混合型白光器件三类。在全荧光白光器件中，荧光染料仅能利用占激子总量25％的单线态激子，而其余占激子总量75％的三线态激子却不能够被有效利用，最终以热辐射的形式耗散掉，无法对光的发射做出贡献。因此，其内量子效率理论上的最大值仅为25％。对于全磷光白光器件，在重原子耦合作用下，单线态和三线态的能级相互混合，使得原本被禁止的三线态能量缓解并以磷光的形式发出，因此全磷光的白光器件理论上内量子效率可以达到100％。目前，文献中已报道的高效率白光器件均是基于全磷光的白光器件。但是受限于蓝色磷光染料的发光寿命未达理想水准所致，全磷光的白光器件无法满足大多数领域的实际应用。荧光/磷光混合型白光器件，采用稳定的蓝色荧光染料配合以高效的长波长磷光染料，两类发光染料共同作用，使得器件在保证稳定的同时能够获得较高的效率，有效地解决了前两种器件遇到的难题，荧光/磷光混合型白光器件无疑成为了一种更好的选择，引起了业内人士的广泛关注。
目前，荧光/磷光混合型白光器件仍然存在一些亟需解决的问题。1)结构样式过于单调，缺乏新颖的结构设计；2)效率仍然较低，无法同全磷光器件的高效率进行比较；3)在高亮度时，器件效率衰减过快；4)无法在取得高白光质量，即高CRI、良好的CIE以及稳定的光谱同时保证。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的问题，本发明提供了一种荧光/磷光混合型白光有机发光二极管，其发光层包括蓝光发光层、绿光发光层和红光发光层，其中所述蓝光发 光层包含主体材料和蓝色荧光材料，所述蓝光发光层的主体材料包括电子型主体材料。本发明提供的无间隔层的荧光/磷光混合型有机发光二极管通过合理调控电子、空穴载流子在各个发光区中的传输行为，巧妙地利用三线态激子的长程迁移及吸热能量传递，经逐步优化器件结构后，最终实现了高性能的WOLEDs。结果表明，器件效率较高、光谱稳定性好，并且在高亮度下，效率的衰减得到明显的改善，表现出了很好的电致发光(EL)性能。
根据本发明的优选实施方式，所述红光发光层的主体材料包括空穴型主体材料。
根据本发明的优选实施方式，所述绿光发光层的主体材料包括空穴型主体材料。
根据本发明的优选实施方式，所述蓝光发光层的主体材料进一步包括空穴型主体材料。
根据本发明的优选实施方式，所述绿光发光层的主体材料进一步包括电子型主体材料。
根据本发明的优选实施方式，所述电子型主体材料为1,3,5-三[(3-吡啶基)-3-苯基]苯(TmPyPB)。
根据本发明的优选实施方式，所述蓝色荧光材料为双[N-(1-萘基)-N-苯基-氨基]四联苯(4P-NPD)和/或4,4’-双(2,2-二苯乙烯基)联苯(DPVBi)。
根据本发明的优选实施方式，所述空穴型主体材料为4,4′,4″-三(9-咔唑基)三苯基胺(TCTA)。
根据本发明，所述蓝光发光层的厚度优选为5-15nm；所述绿光发光层的厚度优选为5-20nm；所述红光发光层的厚度优选为2-10nm。
根据本发明的优选实施方式，在蓝光发光层中，蓝色荧光材料与主体材料的质量比为1:1-1:60。
根据本发明的优选实施方式，所述蓝光发光层的主体材料中，所述电子型主体材料和所述空穴型材料的质量比为0.5:1-3:1。
根据一些实施例，所述蓝光发光层包括TmPyPb和4P-PND。利用蓝色荧光染料4P-NPD本身所具有的较高空穴传输特性将其与电子型的主体材料TmPyPb共掺杂在同一层内，该层既是蓝光发光层又起到中间调节层的作用。同时将绿光发光层至于阴极一侧。由于蓝光层的双极传输特性，激子产生区横跨整个蓝光发 光层，拓宽了激子产生区的宽度，降低了三线态激子的浓度，可以有效控制器件的滚降(roll-off)。优选地，TmPyPb和4P-PND的质量比为2:1-6:1，例如3:1。
根据一些实施例，所述蓝光发光层包括TCTA、TmPyPb和4P-PND。将空穴型主体材料TCTA引入到蓝光发光层层中，释放了之前4P-NPD既作发光染料又作为空穴传输主体的压力，这样一来可以有效降低4P-NPD的掺杂比例，使其可以专门扮演发光染料的角色。优选地，TCTA和TmPyPb的总质量与4P-PND的质量之比为1:1-60:1。
根据一些实施例，所述红光发光层的主体材料包括TCTA。
根据一些实施例，所述绿光发光层的主体材料包括TCTA。
优选地，选用TCTA作为红光发光层和绿光发光层的主体材料，将空穴型主体材料TCTA和电子型主体材料TmPyPb作为蓝光发光层的混合主体，使得蓝光层具有双极传输的能力。这样一来三基色发光层采用空穴型的材料TCTA作为主体，减少了层与层之间可能存在的势垒，使得空穴载流子和激子在各发光区之间的传输更为顺畅。激子复合区位于发光层一侧，横跨整个蓝光层，产生的三线态激子以阶梯式的能量传递形式传到各层染料分子上辐射复合发光，有利于提升光谱的稳定性。
根据一些实施方式，所述红色磷光材料为Ir(MDQ)2(acac)，与主体材料的质量比优选为1:0.05-0.1。根据一些实施方式，所述绿光磷光材料为Ir(ppy)2，与主体材料的质量比优选为1:0.05-0.1。
根据本发明的一些实施方式，所述发光层的结构为红光发光层、蓝光发光层和绿光发光层沿阳极至阴极的方向依次叠置。
根据本发明的其他实施方式，所述发光层的结构为红光发光层、绿光发光层和蓝光发光层沿阳极至阴极的方向依次叠置。
本发明具有以下有益效果。
1)简化了器件结构，提升了器件效率，在多发光层荧光/磷光混合型白光器件当中消除了常用的间隔层；
2)器件的滚降低，首要原因是蓝光层采用了双极混合主体，这不同于大量文献报道的结构中，激子产生区位于两个功能层的界面处，双极特性使得激子产生区横跨整个蓝光发光层，拓宽了激子产生区的宽度，有效降低了高亮度时激子产生区内空间电荷的积累与三线态激子的浓度，从而抑制了TTA和TPQ发生的几 率，降低了器件的滚降。
(3)该器件结构具有普适性，器件优异的效率，稳定的光谱以及较高的CRI，对于荧光/磷光混合型白光器件的实际应用具有重要意义。
附图说明
图1是根据实施例1的有机发光二极管的能级图和结构示意图。
图2是根据实施例2的有机发光二极管的能级图和结构示意图。
图3是根据实施例3的有机发光二极管的能级图和结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明进行详细说明，但本发明并不受下述实施例限定。
本发明器件制备过程中发光层采用的材料如下。
阳极选用商用的、导电和透光性好的ITO(氧化铟锡)玻璃，面积电阻为10Ω/cm2；阴极选用Cs2CO3/Al。
所使用的其他材料还包括PEDOT：PSS、NPB、TCTA、Ir(MDQ)2(acac)、Ir(ppy)2(acac)、4P-NPD、DPAVBi、TmPyPb，结构如下所示：
实施例1
双掺杂蓝光层调控颜色的白光有机发光二极管的结构为：ITO/PEDOT/NPB(15nm)/4P-NPD:2wt％Ir(MDQ)2(acac)(5nm)/4P-NPD:TmPyPb＝1:3(10nm)/TmPyPb:8wt％Ir(ppy)2(10nm)/TmPyPb(12nm)/n-ETL/Al，如图1所示。器件的最大电流效率、外量子效率和功率效率分别可以达到40.3cd/A，16.7％和42.3lm/W。在亮度为1000cd/m2时，器件的最大电流效率、外量子效率和功率效率分 别为35.2cd/A，14.8％和31.8lm/W，CIE色坐标为(0.48,0.48)，CRI为81，电流密度J0为53mA/cm2。
实施例2
三掺杂蓝光层调控颜色的白光有机发光二极管的结构为ITO/PEDOT/NPB(15nm)/TCTA:3wt％Ir(MDQ)2(acac)(5nm)/TCTA:TmPyPb:4P-NPD＝40wt％:50wt％:10wt％(10nm)/TmPyPb:8wt％Ir(ppy)2(7nm)/TmPyPb(12nm)/n-ETL/Al，如图2所示。器件的最大电流效率、外量子效率和功率效率分别可以达到43.2cd/A，20.3％和50.2lm/W。在亮度为1000cd/m2时，器件的最大电流效率、外量子效率和功率效率分别为36.6cd/A，17.1％和34.5lm/W，CIE色坐标为(0.48,0.46)，CRI为78，电流密度J0为78mA/cm2。
实施例3
三掺杂蓝光层位于红绿发光层一侧的白光有机发光二极管的结构为ITO/PEDOT/NPB(15nm)/TCTA:4wt％Ir(MDQ)2(acac)(3.5nm)/TCTA:8wt％Ir(ppy)2(5nm)/TCTA:TmPyPb:4P-NPD＝73wt％:25wt％:2wt％(7nm)/TmPyPb(12nm)/n-ETL/Al，如图3所示。器件的最大电流效率、外量子效率和功率效率分别可以达到45.2cd/A，19.0％和41.7lm/W，在亮度为1000cd/m2时，器件的最大电流效率、外量子效率和功率效率仍然可以维持在较高的水平，分别达到40.5cd/A，17.0％和34.3lm/W。评判器件滚降程度的关键指标特征电流密度J0为105mA/cm2，大于文献报道的100mA/cm2，有效改善了器件的滚降。
虽然在上文中已经参考了一些实施例对本发明进行了描述，然而在不脱离本发范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进，并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，本发明所披露的各个实施例中的各项特征均可通过任意方式相互结合起来使用，在本说明书中未对这些组合的情况进行穷举性的描述仅仅是出于省略篇幅和节约资源的考虑。因此，本发明并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是落入权利要求的范围的所有技术方案。

Claims (2)

1.一种荧光/磷光混合型白光有机发光二极管，其发光层包括蓝光发光层、绿光发光层和红光发光层，其中所述蓝光发光层包含主体材料和蓝色荧光材料，所述蓝光发光层的主体材料包括电子型主体材料和空穴型主体材料，且所述空穴型主体材料为4,4′,4″-三(9-咔唑基)三苯基胺(TCTA)，所述绿光发光层包括绿色磷光材料，所述红光发光层包括红色磷光材料；所述电子型主体材料为1,3,5-三[(3-吡啶基)-3-苯基]苯(TmPyPB)，所述蓝色荧光材料为双[N-(1-萘基)-N-苯基-氨基]四联苯(4P-NPD)，所述红光发光层和所述绿色发光层的主体材料均包括4,4′,4″-三(9-咔唑基)三苯基胺(TCTA)，所述发光层的结构为红光发光层、绿光发光层和蓝光发光层沿阳极至阴极的方向依次叠置，其中所述蓝光发光层中，TCTA：TmPyPB：4P-NPD的质量比为73wt％:25wt％:2wt％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的有机发光二极管，其特征在于，所述蓝光发光层的厚度为5-15nm；所述绿光发光层的厚度为5-20nm；所述红光发光层的厚度为2-10nm。
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