CN106317446B - 一种蚕丝丝素纤维止血材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种蚕丝丝素纤维止血材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106317446B CN106317446B CN201610824549.1A CN201610824549A CN106317446B CN 106317446 B CN106317446 B CN 106317446B CN 201610824549 A CN201610824549 A CN 201610824549A CN 106317446 B CN106317446 B CN 106317446B
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- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供了一种蚕丝丝素纤维止血材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:(1)蚕茧剪成小片进行乙醚抽提;(2)将抽提后茧片放入含有0.1‑0.5% Na2CO3和0.1‑0.5%肥皂的沸水溶液中脱胶;然后洗涤,拧干,低温烘干得脱胶丝素;(3)将脱胶丝素放入质量浓度≦40% CaCl2溶液中浸泡;将充分吸收CaCl2溶液的丝素预冷冻;然后进行冷冻干燥,得到丝素止血材料。本发明制备的蚕丝丝素纤维止血材料工艺简单、价格低廉、原料丰富、止血性能优异、生物相容性好、可体内降解。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物医用材料技术领域,特别是涉及一种蚕丝丝素纤维止血材料的制备方法。
背景技术
日常生活中,意外的创伤或者是手术都会引起身体不同部位不同程度的出血。成年人出血量超过800~1000毫升就会引起休克;若大动脉严重出血则伤者可能在一分钟内就死亡。因此,止血是抢救出血伤员的首要措施。优秀的止血材料不仅要及时有效的帮助患者止血,还要有良好的生物相容性,降解性等。开发价格低廉,制备工艺简单,止血效果更佳的材料有巨大的社会效益。
研究证实钙离子(凝血因子Ⅳ)与凝血过程中的诸多环节有关。凝血因子I(纤维蛋白原)是在凝血酶的作用下变成纤维蛋白聚合体的,然后纤维蛋白聚合体在钙离子的作用下变成稳定的纤维蛋白实现凝血。而在凝血酶的形成过程中,凝血因子III、凝血因子V、钙离子都起到了促进作用。另外,细胞质内高浓度的钙离子对促进血小板收缩形成血栓也有促进作用。
我国是蚕桑大国,蚕丝年产量在10万吨以上。通过脱胶我们可以从蚕丝获得丝素蛋白,其质量占蚕丝高达70%~80%。丝素蛋白是一种天然的高分子纤维蛋白,利用丝素蛋白的独特优点,开发生物医用材料前景非常广阔。目前,已经有一些用丝素蛋白来制备止血材料的研究,但是这研究都是用粉剂类的丝素蛋白或者丝素肽改性来制备的。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用脱胶丝素纤维制备止血材料的有效方法,该方法制备的蚕丝丝素纤维止血材料工艺简单、价格低廉、原料丰富、止血性能优异、生物相容性好、可体内降解。
本发明的目的是通过以下措施实现的:
一种蚕丝丝素纤维止血材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)蚕茧剪成小片进行乙醚抽提;
(2)将抽提后茧片放入含有0.1-0.5%Na2CO3和0.1-0.5%肥皂的沸水溶液中脱胶;然后洗涤,拧干,低温烘干得脱胶丝素;
(3)将脱胶丝素放入质量浓度≤40%CaCl2溶液中浸泡;将充分吸收CaCl2溶液的丝素预冷冻;然后进行冷冻干燥,得到丝素止血材料。
优选的,上述蚕丝丝素止血材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)新鲜蚕茧剪成小片,以乙醚为提取剂进行索氏提取去除茧片上的脂肪、血脂,取茧片装入圆筒状滤纸中,接好冷凝管、抽提管和平底烧瓶,保证密闭性后,将滤纸包好的蚕茧放入提取管中,从上端加入乙醚,并设置温度为60℃,虹吸抽提2小时,抽提完成后取出茧片,自然风干;
(2)放入预先配置的(0.25%Na2CO3或0.25%肥皂)沸水溶液中脱胶30min,脱胶重复两次;脱胶完成后的茧片用去离子水充分洗涤,拧干,低温烘干(50-80℃,6-12h)得脱胶丝素;脱胶是否彻底,用苦味酸胭脂红溶液检验;取少量丝素用苦味酸胭脂红溶液染色几分钟,几分钟后洗去试剂,若丝素呈金黄色则脱胶干净,若呈红色,则脱胶不彻底;
(3)室温下,将步骤(2)中得到的脱胶丝素纤维按1∶100的固液比放入预先配制的CaCl2溶液中微溶10min,而后将吸收CaCl2溶液后的丝素放入-80℃冰箱预冷冻;
(4)将步骤(3)中预冷冻的丝素纤维经冷冻干燥制得蚕丝丝素纤维止血材料。
所述乙醚浓度为分析纯。
上述CaCl2溶液浓度为10%-40%。
上述预冷冻时间为2-48h,上述冷冻干燥条件为-50℃,24-48h。
本发明中,丝素纤维上有大量的极性基团,在氯化钙溶液中,丝素纤维的极性基团(如羟基)与钙离子鳌合形成螯合物,丝素纤维分子及肽链间的次价键遭到破坏,丝素纤维因此在氯化钙溶液中发生微溶解,钙离子也因此固定、附着于丝素纤维上,很好的保持丝素的自然形态,使其质地均匀。
有益效果
1.本发明方法所制备的丝素止血材料以脱胶蚕丝为原料,来源广泛,价格低廉。且本发明制备的丝素止血材料无菌、无细胞毒性、无致敏和刺激作用,能够快速大量止血,适用于体外和体内的止血。
2.本发明的的制备过程没有使用有毒有害的化学试剂,操作简便,耗能少,基本无废水和废渣的排放,有很好的实用价值。
3.本发明的丝素止血材料很好的保持了丝素自然形态(与天然蚕丝相近),质地均匀,以及优异的力学性能、良好的吸水保水性能,还具有良好的生物安全性、无毒、无污染、可生物降解、抗菌等优点。
4.本发明中,脱胶丝素在在氯化钙溶液中会发生溶解现象,丝素的溶解是一个分阶段的过程,丝素纤维在氯化钙溶液中,纤维之间的弱结构先被破坏,丝素纤维间的连接被破坏发生溶胀、分纤,正因为纤维的溶胀,纤维的纤维内部及纤维之间生成了微孔穴。利用蚕丝纤维的微溶解生成的微孔隙,在空隙中填充、固着功能性材料可以获得多功能的新型蚕丝材料。利用CaCl2溶液微溶丝素纤维,在丝素纤维上加入钙离子的同时丝素纤维的空隙提高自身吸水能力从而得到有优良止血能力的蚕丝丝素纤维止血材料。
5.本发明制备的材料相较于其他丝素蛋白止血材料的优势:
①本方法制备过程更加简便环保,无需将丝素纤维溶解成再生丝素蛋白。钙离子本身为止血因子,相比于其他材料添加凝血酶等辅助材料更为可靠和有效。
②本方法制备的止血材料具有较好的吸水性能,因而有良好的止血性能。
③本方法制备的材料为丝素纤维,更容易加工成固定形状规格的产品以适应于实际的医用止血需求,比如编织成丝素止血纱布等。
④本方法制备的材料具有良好的生物相容性和体内降解性能,改良后可以用于体内的止血需求,无需将材料取出。
附图说明
图1本发明制得的丝素止血材料,右图为左图的局部放大图。
图2组织切片图,从左到右依次为第1、2、3周的情况,能够看出细胞长入和降解情况。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明方法进行详细描述,下面的描述是为了进一步说明本发明,而不构成对本发明的限定。
实施例1
一种蚕丝丝素纤维止血材料的制备方法,按以下步骤进行:
(1)称取蚕茧(25g),去除蚕蛹后将茧壳剪成1平方厘米大小的碎片,取茧片装入圆筒状滤纸中,接好冷凝管、抽提管和平底烧瓶,保证密闭性后,将滤纸包好的蚕茧放入提取管中,从上端加入乙醚,并设置温度为60℃,虹吸抽提2小时,抽提完成后取出茧片,自然风干;
(2)加入沸腾的0.5%Na2CO3溶液中(浴比为1∶50)煮沸30分钟。捞出蚕茧并用去离子水反复搓洗直至无滑腻感。重复2次,再用苦味酸奶胭脂红溶液检测,直至丝胶完全脱去。在室温条件下晾干获得纤维状丝素蛋白。
(3)脱胶所得丝素按1∶100的固液比分别放入预先准备好的质量浓度为10%CaCl2溶液中常温浸泡10min;而后将充分吸收10%CaCl2溶液后的丝素放入-80℃冰箱,冷冻的时长设置4H:冷冻完毕,丝素用冷冻干燥法干燥(-50℃,24h)得到丝素止血材料。
制得的丝素止血材料各项性能检测:
1.吸水(止血)性能测试:
家兔耳静脉止血模型建立及测试方法:
(1)家兔耳静脉出血模型的建立
家兔耳部用剃毛器脱毛后酒精消毒。在无菌条件下用消毒手术刀在家兔耳缘末1/3处切开一条1cm长的创口,并且这一条创口要保证经过耳缘静脉。注意兔子的耳朵并不切透,防止血液从内测流出。待血液充满创面后,进行后续凝血测试。
(2)材料在家兔耳静脉出血模型中的止血能力
止血材料样品剪成2cm×2cm小块,称重M1后备用。6只供试家兔随机分为医用纱布对照组、10%组、20%组三组,每组两只兔子四个耳缘静脉出血实验点。
将准备好的材料分别覆盖好称重过的医用棉球M2后,在出血模型上采用压迫止血法。每隔十秒拿开棉花,观察各材料的止血效果。当无更多血液从材料渗出是,记录时间T1,此后每隔五秒观察一次,直至完全止血,记录时间T2,用T1和T2的平均值作为最终止血时间[82]。随后,精确称量吸入血液棉球与吸入血液的材料总质量M3.出血量用M表示,则:
M=M3-M1-M2
测得本材料在该家兔耳静脉止血模型的止血时间为54.67秒,伤口出血量为0.044克。
2.本发明的丝素止血材料很好的保持了丝素自然形态,质地均匀,如图1所示,右图是左图的局部放大图。
本发明的丝素止血材料具备优异的力学性能,约为天然蚕丝力学性能的70-80%,为2.1-2.4cN/dtex。
3.本材料容易加工成固定形状规格的产品以适应于实际的医用止血需求,如编织成丝素止血纱布用于手术止血或者做成止血绷带等。
4.本材料具有良好的生物相容性和体内降解性能,用于体内的止血需求。
(1)细胞毒性实验
将HEK293细胞(Human Embryonic Kidney 293cells)培养至对数生长期,胰酶消化吹打均匀成细胞悬液,接种于96孔板,每孔加入200微升,使每孔底细胞密度为5000-10000个/孔为:阴性对照、阳性对照和实验组,每组各设置12孔。置于5%CO2培养箱37℃培养24H后,弃孔内原培养液。加入受试物:DMEM培养基(含10%胎牛血清)、5g/L浸提溶液续培养,分别于24、48、72H后加入20μL、5g/L的MTT溶液,4H后重新加入200μL的DMSO溶液,震荡10min,测量细胞悬液OD(490nm)。按以下公式计算细胞相对增殖率:
RGR=a/b×100%,
式中,RGR为相对增值率%,a为试验组(阳性对照组)吸光度,b为阴性对照组吸光度。
细胞相对增值率(RGR)计算及细胞毒性评价标准采用5分制法进行细胞毒性分级:0级:RGR≥100%,I级:RGR在75%-99%,II级:RGR在50%-74%,III级:RGR在25%-49%,Ⅳ级RGR在1%-24%,V级RGR<1%。0级和I级被认为没有细胞毒性,II级为轻度细胞毒性,III级和Ⅳ级为中度细胞毒性,V级为明显细胞毒性。
测试结果显示:本材料细胞毒性为0-1级。
(2)皮下埋植实验
所有实验均按照中国动物保护条例以及实验动物管理条例进行。
①试验前材料处理
实验所需的烧杯、小玻璃瓶、PBS溶液、蒸馏水先放入高温灭菌锅里灭菌20min,灭菌后放入无菌工作台备用。
丝素止血材料8毫克3份,做好标记。丝素材料挤压至不可反弹的球状,用直尺量好尺寸,拍照作记录。把每个材料先用蒸馏水清洗干净,用75%的酒精浸泡15s后用PBS清洗干净,处理过后放入小玻璃瓶里,盖上盖子,做好标记(整个过程在无菌工作台中进行)。
②手术步骤
试验鼠腹腔注射乙醚麻醉后,剔除背部部分鼠毛,暴露皮肤。75%的酒精消毒后,于每只大鼠背部各选取一合适位置切开皮肤(约0.5cm),钝器解剖法沿切口部位向里制备适宜大小的皮下囊,将每个囊埋植试验样品后,针线缝合。最后将试验鼠放于贴附标签的笼子里分别饲养。
③术后观察
A.取材及大体观察
术后每天对动物手术切口、周围形态及术后反应进行观察。并于1周、2、3周三个个时间点对试验鼠颈椎脱臼法处死,切下包有材料的皮下组织。取材时观察创面愈合状况、有无明显的炎症反应等。
B.石蜡切片的制备
取材:小鼠处死后切下已经被结缔组织包裹的材料。
固定:固定液浸渍下的新鲜材料,迅速凝固或沉淀细胞和组织中的物质成分、终止细胞的一切代谢过程、防止细胞自溶或组织变化,尽可能保持材料活体时的结构。固定能使组织硬化,有利于切片的进行,而且也有媒浸作用,有利于组织着色。本实验使用波恩(Bouin)固定液,固定时间为24小时。
脱水:按50%、70%、80%、95%、100%、100%酒精的顺序,每组10分钟梯度脱水。
透明:按1/2二甲苯、纯二甲苯、纯二甲苯各十分钟的顺序对脱水材料进行透明。
浸蜡包埋:将透明后材料放入预先加热到60℃的石蜡包埋机中,包埋时间为一小时,然后更换纯蜡再包埋一小时。最后将浸蜡完成的材料放入特制的小盒中,补足石蜡,在冷却台上冷却24H。
切片:将已经固定和修整好的蜡块装在切片机的夹物台,装好刀片,设定切片厚度为4um,调整好刀口与石蜡块的距离即可开始切片。当蜡带长到20cm左右时用毛笔轻轻挑起,用刀片切取较好条段于载玻片(涂抹均匀甘油后滴加蒸馏水以利于蜡段展开)备用。放置蜡带时,注意蜡带的光滑面朝下,皱面朝上。
烘片:切片置于烘片台烘干水分,后置于38℃烘箱过夜烘干。
C.HE染色
染色前处理:用二甲苯脱蜡5-10min,换新鲜二甲苯,再处理5-10min。然后分别依次置于无水乙醇、90%乙醇、70%乙醇和蒸馏水中5min,2min,2min,2min。
苏木精染色:染色5-10min后,浸入流动的自来水中约10min,除去多余的苏木精染色液,蒸馏水洗涤一次,95%乙醇处理5s。
伊红染色:染色1min后,70%乙醇清洗2次。
脱水、透明及封片:先后用不同瓶装的95%乙醇各脱水2min后,再用不同瓶装的二甲苯透明两次,每次5min,最后用中性树胶封片。
D.组织切片观察
通过光学显微镜对不同时间点不同材料有无细胞长入、材料降解情况等进行观察,发现植入部位没有炎症反应,丝素纤维在小鼠体内发生降解,见图2,从左到右依次为第1、2、3周的情况,能够看出细胞长入和降解情况。
实施例2
一种蚕丝丝素纤维止血材料的制备方法,按以下步骤进行:
(1)称取一定量的蚕茧(20g),去除蚕蛹后将茧壳剪成1平方厘米大小的碎片,取茧片装入圆筒状滤纸中,接好冷凝管、抽提管和平底烧瓶,保证密闭性后,将滤纸包好的蚕茧放入提取管中,从上端加入乙醚,并设置温度为60℃,虹吸抽提2小时,抽提完成后取出茧片,自然风干。
(2)加入沸腾的0.5%Na2CO3溶液中(浴比为1∶50)煮沸30分钟。捞出蚕茧并用去离子水反复搓洗直至无滑腻感。重复2次,再用苦味酸奶胭脂红溶液检测,直至丝胶完全脱去。在室温条件下晾干获得纤维状丝素蛋白。
(3)脱胶所得丝素按1∶100的固液比分别放入预先准备好的质量浓度为20%CaCl2溶液中常温浸泡10min;而后将充分吸收20%CaCl2溶液后的丝素放入-80℃冰箱,冷冻的时长设置2H;冷冻完毕,丝素用冷冻干燥法干燥(-50℃,36h)得到丝素止血材料。
制得的丝素止血材料各项性能检测:
1.吸水(止血)性能测试:测得材料在家兔耳静脉止血模型的止血时间为63.75秒,伤口出血量为0.098克。
2.本发明的丝素止血材料很好的保持了丝素自然形态,质地均匀,以及优异的力学性能,为1.9-2.2cN/dtex。
3.本材料容易加工成固定形状规格的产品以适应于实际的医用止血需求,如编织成丝素止血纱布用于手术止血或者做成止血绷带等。
4.本材料具有良好的生物相容性和体内降解性能,用于体内的止血需求(细胞毒性实验证明细胞毒性为1级,皮下埋植实验发现丝素纤维在小鼠体内发生降解)。
实施例3
一种蚕丝丝素纤维止血材料的制备方法,按以下步骤进行:
(1)称取蚕茧(30g),去除蚕蛹后将茧壳剪成1平方厘米大小的碎片,取茧片装入圆筒状滤纸中,接好冷凝管、抽提管和平底烧瓶,保证密闭性后,将滤纸包好的蚕茧放入提取管中,从上端加入乙醚,并设置温度为60℃,虹吸抽提2小时,抽提完成后取出茧片,自然风干;
(2)加入沸腾的0.5%Na2CO3溶液中(浴比为1∶50)煮沸30分钟。捞出蚕茧并用去离子水反复搓洗直至无滑腻感。重复2次,再用苦味酸奶胭脂红溶液检测,直至丝胶完全脱去。在室温条件下晾干获得纤维状丝素蛋白。
(3)脱胶所得丝素按1∶100的固液比分别放入预先准备好的质量浓度为40%CaCl2溶液中常温浸泡10min;而后将充分吸收40%CaCl2溶液后的丝素放入-80℃冰箱,冷冻的时长设置12H;冷冻完毕,丝素用冷冻干燥法干燥(-50℃,45h)得到丝素止血材料。
制得的丝素止血材料各项性能检测:
1.吸水(止血)性能测试:测得材料在家兔耳静脉止血模型的止血时间为80.64秒,伤口出血量为0.153克,相对于专利申请201310248965.8是否能体现本材料吸水性能的优势?可以给出更多体现本材料吸水保水优势的指标和参数。
2.本发明的丝素止血材料很好的保持了丝素自然形态,质地均匀,以及优异的力学性能,为1.7-1.9cN/dtex。
3.本材料容易加工成固定形状规格的产品以适应于实际的医用止血需求,如编织成丝素止血纱布用于手术止血或者做成止血绷带等。
4.本材料具有良好的生物相容性和体内降解性能,用于体内的止血需求(细胞毒性实验证明细胞毒性为1级,皮下埋植实验发现丝素纤维在小鼠体内发生降解)。
Claims (3)
1.一种蚕丝丝素纤维止血材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)新鲜蚕茧剪成小片,以乙醚为提取剂进行索氏提取去除茧片上的脂肪、血脂,取茧片装入圆筒状滤纸中,接好冷凝管、抽提管和平底烧瓶,保证密闭性后,将滤纸包好的蚕茧放入提取管中,从上端加入乙醚,并设置温度为60℃,虹吸抽提2小时,抽提完成后取出茧片,自然风干;
(2)放入预先配置的0.25%Na2CO3和0.25%肥皂的沸水溶液中脱胶30min,脱胶重复两次;脱胶完成后的茧片用去离子水充分洗涤,拧干,50-80℃低温烘干6-12h得脱胶丝素纤维;脱胶是否彻底,用苦味酸胭脂红溶液检验;取少量脱胶丝素纤维用苦味酸胭脂红溶液染色几分钟,几分钟后洗去试剂,若脱胶丝素纤维呈金黄色则脱胶干净,若呈红色,则脱胶不彻底;
(3)室温下,将步骤(2)中得到的脱胶丝素纤维按1∶100的固液比放入预先配制的CaCl2溶液中微溶10min,而后将吸收CaCl2溶液后的脱胶丝素纤维放入-80℃冰箱预冷冻;
(4)将步骤(3)中预冷冻的脱胶丝素纤维经冷冻干燥制得蚕丝丝素纤维止血材料。
2.如权利要求1所述蚕丝丝素纤维止血材料的制备方法,所述CaCl2溶液质量浓度为10%-40%。
3.如权利要求1或2所述蚕丝丝素纤维止血材料的制备方法,所述预冷冻时间为2-48h,所述冷冻干燥条件为-50℃,24-48h。
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