CN106317294A - 基于Pickering细乳液聚合法制备的无皂聚丙烯酸酯皮革涂饰剂及其方法 - Google Patents
基于Pickering细乳液聚合法制备的无皂聚丙烯酸酯皮革涂饰剂及其方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及基于Pickering细乳液聚合法制备的无皂聚丙烯酸酯皮革涂饰剂及其方法。有关Pickering细乳液聚合法制备无皂聚丙烯酸酯皮革涂饰剂的研究目前鲜见报道。本发明将纳米SiO2、正丁醇加到水中,超声分散均匀形成水相;将丙烯酸丁酯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯混合形成油相,水相和油相混合超声乳化得到细乳液;将引发剂水溶液1/3打底,另外2/3与细乳化液同时滴加聚合得到无皂聚丙烯酸酯皮革涂饰剂。本发明的无皂聚丙烯酸酯皮革涂饰剂用于皮革涂饰后革样性能与市售聚丙烯酸酯涂饰剂涂饰后革样性能相比,其抗张强度提高26%,撕裂强度提高48%,耐干湿擦牢度提高半级、透气性提高55%。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种皮革涂饰剂,具体涉及一种基于Pickering细乳液聚合法制备的无皂聚丙烯酸酯皮革涂饰剂及其方法。
背景技术
皮革涂饰剂作为皮革的顶层涂饰材料,对皮革制品的外在观感、卫生性能及物理机械性能有至关重要的影响。丙烯酸酯类单体原料来源广泛,容易制备,具有优异的粘接性、耐光性、耐候性等,并且可常温固化,因此聚丙烯酸酯类乳液是目前应用最普遍的一类皮革涂饰材料。然而,普通的丙烯酸酯乳液涂膜存在着“热粘冷脆”、不耐溶剂等缺点,使用受到限制。目前许多研究者采用不同的方式对其进行改良,主要包括两方面:一是引入功能性单体或者无机纳米粒子,如有机硅、有机氟、纳米SiO2等;二是采用新的乳液聚合方法,如核壳乳液聚合、细微乳液聚合、Pickering乳液聚合等。
Pickering细乳液聚合法综合了Pickering乳液聚合和细乳液聚合法两者的优点,以无机纳米粒子代替传统表面活性剂,以液滴成核为主要的成核方式,具有许多自己独特的优点,如:易于有机/无机复合材料的制备;易于高疏水性单体的聚合;减少或完全避免传统表面活性剂的使用,进而避免传统表面活性剂带来的缺陷;改善单独Pickering乳液稳定性差、固含量低的缺点。
González等人(E González, A Bonnefond, M Barrado, et al. Photoactiveself-cleaning polymer coatings by TiO2 nanoparticle Pickering miniemulsionpolymerization[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2015, 281: 209–217.)通过Pickering细乳液聚合法制备一种聚丙烯酸酯/纳米TiO2复合自清洁涂层。采用透射电子显微镜对复合乳液及其胶膜形貌进行了观察,发现TiO2粒子完全包覆在乳胶粒表面,同时最终形成的复合薄膜呈现规律的蜂巢网状结构。应用实验表明这种复合薄膜涂层能够降解罗丹明,具有优良的自清洁性。然而有关Pickering细乳液聚合法制备无皂聚丙烯酸酯/纳米SiO2复合皮革涂饰剂的研究还鲜见报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种基于Pickering细乳液聚合法制备的无皂聚丙烯酸酯皮革涂饰剂及其方法,利用Pickering细乳液聚合法以固体粒子替代传统表面活性剂、以“液滴成核”为主要成核方式的特点,实现无皂聚丙烯酸酯皮革涂饰剂的制备,不仅避免了传统表面活性剂带来的缺陷,同时由于纳米SiO2粒子的引入,使得涂饰后革样综合性能明显提高。
本发明所采用的技术方案为:
基于Pickering细乳液聚合法制备无皂聚丙烯酸酯皮革涂饰剂的方法,其特征在于:
由以下步骤实现:
步骤一:预乳化:
将4-12重量份纳米SiO2和2-5重量份正丁醇溶解于40重量份去离子水中,超声均匀,形成水相;
将20-40重量份单体混合搅拌,形成油相;
步骤二:细乳化:
将步骤一得到的水相和油相混合,先用高剪切均质乳化机乳化10-20min,再超声10-25min,得到乳白色、稳定的细乳化液;
步骤三:聚合:
将2-3重量份过硫酸铵溶于40-50重量份去离子水中,得到引发剂水溶液,将其分为重量比为A:B=1:2的两份引发剂水溶液;
将水浴锅升温到75℃-80℃,在三口烧瓶中加入引发剂水溶液A,保温10min,保温完毕后,同时滴加步骤二所得到的细乳化液和引发剂水溶液B,3h滴加完毕,保温两小时,冷却至室温,过滤出料。
步骤一中,单体包括丙烯酸丁酯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯,二者混合比例介于6:4到5:5之间。
步骤二中,高剪切均质乳化机乳化的转速为2000-5000r/min。
如所述的基于Pickering细乳液聚合法制备无皂聚丙烯酸酯皮革涂饰剂的方法制得的皮革涂饰剂。
本发明具有以下优点:
本发明以纳米SiO2、丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯及正丁醇等为原料,通过Pickering细乳液聚合法制备无皂聚丙烯酸酯皮革涂饰剂,能够避免传统表面活性剂带来的缺陷,将其应用于皮革涂饰后,与市售聚丙烯酸酯涂饰剂涂饰后革样性能相比,其抗张强度提高26%,撕裂强度提高48%,耐干湿擦牢度提高半级、透气性提高55%。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明进行详细的说明。
本发明涉及的基于Pickering细乳液聚合法制备无皂聚丙烯酸酯皮革涂饰剂的方法,以纳米SiO2、丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯及正丁醇等为原料,通过Pickering细乳液聚合法制备无皂聚丙烯酸酯皮革涂饰剂,将其应用于皮革涂饰中,拟利用Pickering细乳液聚合法以固体粒子替代传统表面活性剂、以“液滴成核”为主要成核方式的特点,避免传统表面活性剂的使用,同时引入纳米SiO2,具体由以下步骤实现:
步骤一:预乳化:
将4-12重量份纳米SiO2和2-5重量份正丁醇溶解于40重量份去离子水中,超声均匀,形成水相;
将20-40重量份单体混合搅拌,形成油相;
步骤二:细乳化:
将步骤一得到的水相和油相混合,先用高剪切均质乳化机乳化10-20min,再超声10-25min,得到乳白色、稳定的细乳化液;
步骤三:聚合:
将2-3重量份过硫酸铵溶于40-50重量份去离子水中,得到引发剂水溶液,将其分为重量比为A:B=1:2的两份引发剂水溶液;
将水浴锅升温到75℃-80℃,在三口烧瓶中加入引发剂水溶液A,保温10min,保温完毕后,同时滴加步骤二所得到的细乳化液和引发剂水溶液B,3h滴加完毕,保温两小时,冷却至室温,过滤出料。
步骤一中,单体包括丙烯酸丁酯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯,二者混合比例介于6:4到5:5之间。
步骤二中,高剪切均质乳化机乳化的转速为2000-5000r/min。
实施例1:
步骤一:预乳化:
将8重量份纳米SiO2和2重量份正丁醇溶解于40重量份去离子水中,超声均匀,形成水相;
将36重量份单体混合搅拌,形成油相;
其中混合单体由重量份比例为6:4丙烯酸丁酯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯组成;
步骤二:细乳化:
将步骤一得到的水相和油相混合,先用高剪切均质乳化机乳化15min(3000r/min),再超声10min,得到乳白色、稳定的细乳化液;
步骤三:聚合:
将2重量份过硫酸铵溶于40重量份去离子水中,得到引发剂水溶液,将其分为重量比为A:B=1:2的两份引发剂水溶液;
将水浴锅升温到75℃,在三口烧瓶中加入引发剂水溶液A,保温10min,保温完毕后,同时滴加步骤二所得到的细乳化液和引发剂水溶液B,3h滴加完毕,保温两小时,冷却至室温,过滤出料。
实施例2:
步骤一:预乳化:
将10重量份纳米SiO2和2重量份正丁醇溶解于40重量份去离子水中,超声均匀,形成水相;
将36重量份单体混合搅拌,形成油相;
其中混合单体由重量份比例为5:5丙烯酸丁酯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯组成;
步骤二:细乳化:
将步骤一得到的水相和油相混合,先用高剪切均质乳化机乳化15min(3000r/min),再超声15min,得到乳白色、稳定的细乳化液;
步骤三:聚合:
将2重量份过硫酸铵溶于40重量份去离子水中,得到引发剂水溶液,将其分为重量比为A:B=1:2的两份引发剂水溶液;
将水浴锅升温到75℃,在三口烧瓶中加入引发剂水溶液A,保温10min,保温完毕后,同时滴加步骤二所得到的细乳化液和引发剂水溶液B,3h滴加完毕,保温两小时,冷却至室温,过滤出料。
实施例3:
步骤一:预乳化:
将6重量份纳米SiO2和3重量份正丁醇溶解于40重量份去离子水中,超声均匀,形成水相;
将36重量份单体混合搅拌,形成油相;
其中混合单体由重量份比例为6:4丙烯酸丁酯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯组成;
步骤二:细乳化:
将步骤一得到的水相和油相混合,先用高剪切均质乳化机乳化15min(3000r/min),再超声15min,得到乳白色、稳定的细乳化液;
步骤三:聚合:
将2重量份过硫酸铵溶于40重量份去离子水中,得到引发剂水溶液,将其分为重量比为A:B=1:2的两份引发剂水溶液;
将水浴锅升温到80℃,在三口烧瓶中加入引发剂水溶液A,保温10min,保温完毕后,同时滴加步骤二所得到的细乳化液和引发剂水溶液B,3h滴加完毕,保温两小时,冷却至室温,过滤出料。
利用上述方法可以得到无皂聚丙烯酸酯皮革涂饰剂。能够避免传统表面活性剂的使用,将其应用于皮革涂饰后,与市售聚丙烯酸酯涂饰剂涂饰后革样性能相比,其抗张强度提高26%,撕裂强度提高48%,耐干湿擦牢度提高半级、透气性提高55%。
本发明的内容不限于实施例所列举,本领域普通技术人员通过阅读本发明说明书而对本发明技术方案采取的任何等效的变换,均为本发明的权利要求所涵盖。
Claims (4)
1.基于Pickering细乳液聚合法制备无皂聚丙烯酸酯皮革涂饰剂的方法,其特征在于:
由以下步骤实现:
步骤一:预乳化:
将4-12重量份纳米SiO2和2-5重量份正丁醇溶解于40重量份去离子水中,超声均匀,形成水相;
将20-40重量份单体混合搅拌,形成油相;
步骤二:细乳化:
将步骤一得到的水相和油相混合,先用高剪切均质乳化机乳化10-20min,再超声10-25min,得到乳白色、稳定的细乳化液;
步骤三:聚合:
将2-3重量份过硫酸铵溶于40-50重量份去离子水中,得到引发剂水溶液,将其分为重量比为A:B=1:2的两份引发剂水溶液;
将水浴锅升温到75℃-80℃,在三口烧瓶中加入引发剂水溶液A,保温10min,保温完毕后,同时滴加步骤二所得到的细乳化液和引发剂水溶液B,3h滴加完毕,保温两小时,冷却至室温,过滤出料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于Pickering细乳液聚合法制备无皂聚丙烯酸酯皮革涂饰剂的方法,其特征在于:
步骤一中,单体包括丙烯酸丁酯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯,二者混合比例介于6:4到5:5之间。
3.根据权利要求1所述的基于Pickering细乳液聚合法制备无皂聚丙烯酸酯皮革涂饰剂的方法,其特征在于:
步骤二中,高剪切均质乳化机乳化的转速为2000-5000r/min。
4.如权利要求1所述的基于Pickering细乳液聚合法制备无皂聚丙烯酸酯皮革涂饰剂的方法制得的皮革涂饰剂。
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