CN106316486B - A kind of straw compost method - Google Patents
A kind of straw compost method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106316486B CN106316486B CN201610707145.4A CN201610707145A CN106316486B CN 106316486 B CN106316486 B CN 106316486B CN 201610707145 A CN201610707145 A CN 201610707145A CN 106316486 B CN106316486 B CN 106316486B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of straw compost methods, comprising: straw is ground into the stalk particle of 3-5cm；Fast rotten microbial inoculum and nutrient solution are equably sprayed at stalk particle surface；To obtained stalk particle spray water, moisture content of material is adjusted in 45-55%, and material is fitted into biodegradable plastics bag and closes sack after mixing, obtains compost packet, and compost packet is placed 15-25 days, completes compost.Method of the invention is easy to operate, can flexibly realize in field；Compost packet is made using biodegradable plastics bag, can not only be kept the temperature, moisturizing, and polybag finally can also be decomposed by the microorganisms a part as fertilizer, increases fertilizer efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of plant compost fields, specifically, being related to a kind of straw compost method.
Technical background
China is large agricultural country, can all generate more than one hundred million tons of wheats, soybean, rice, straw of corn plants every year.Existing rank
Section, China is relatively low to the comprehensive utilization ratio of straw, and the processing mode of straw is mainly burned and direct returning to farmland.Straw
The burning of stalk causes the serious waste of resource.Especially recent years, agricultural crop straw burning have become the new of atmosphere pollution
Source.When the annual summer harvest and autumn harvest, always there are the stalks such as a large amount of wheat, corn, rice to burn in field, produces big
Heavy smog is measured, serious influence is produced on the living environment of people and communications and transportation.Burning causes serious ring
Border problem, government have prohibited crop straw burning.Straw directly returning to field, will lead to the increase of soil germ, and crop disease aggravates
And the bad phenomenons such as be short of seedling, it is unfavorable for the growth of next season crops.
In order to improve the utilization rate of stalk, straw is subjected to compost fermentation using plant fermentation principle and generates organic fertilizer
Material is a good selection.Compost can turn waste into wealth stalk, more and more be applied by people in field.But
Traditional compost method is using outdoor compost, there are compost occupied area is bigger, to carry out to fertile heap in composting process
The deficiencies of turning, time-consuming and laborious, fertile heap is mobile difficult, the foul smell influence environment that compost generates.Against the above deficiency, patent CN
203474668U discloses a kind of Portable straw fermentation bag, it is characterised in that including inside by the plastics of steelframe support body supports
Bag, polybag upper end are hatch frame, and setting moisture supply pipe and oxygen supply pipe in polybag, moisture supply pipe and oxygen supply
It should be equipped with circular hole on pipe, the upper end of moisture supply pipe is connect after stretching out polybag with water supply device, and oxygen supply pipe lower end is stretched
It is connect after polybag with air-breather out.The shortcomings that although 203474668 U of patent CN overcomes Traditional compost, but the patent
There are still shortcomings:
1, the fermentation bag of the invention is using common plastics bag, and after compost, polybag abandoned is in field
It is easy to cause white pollution.
2, the oxygen system of the invention is conveyed using motor conduit, comparatively laborious in design, is conveyed and is consumed using motor
Electric energy, increases compost cost, also runs counter to the environmental protection concept of the energy-saving and emission-reduction of country's promotion.
3, using steelframe supporting plastic bag, cost of manufacture is increased.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, it is an object of the invention to: it is lower and to environment to provide a kind of more efficient, cost
Friendly straw compost method.
Above-mentioned purpose of the invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of straw compost method is provided, i.e., sprayed again after crushing straw fast rotten microbial inoculum, nutrient solution and
A certain amount of water, is fitted into biodegradable plastics bag after mixing thoroughly, generates organic fertilizer through everfermentation.
Straw compost method of the invention, specifically includes the following steps:
1) straw is ground into the stalk particle of 3-5cm；
2) fast rotten microbial inoculum and nutrient solution are equably sprayed at the stalk particle surface that step 1) obtains；
The rotten microbial inoculum of the speed, by weight percentage, the aspergillus niger of bacillus subtilis, 0.5-2% containing 1-2%
Bacterium, the aspergillus oryzae of 1.5-3%, the sporotrichum thermophile bacterium of 1-2%, the Clostridium thermocellum of 1-3%, 1-2% Mendoza vacation unit cell
The Phanerochaete chrysosporium of bacterium and 1.5-2%；
The nutrient solution, by weight percentage, glucose, the 3- of soluble starch, 1-5% containing 1-3%
The potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 10% corn pulp, the ammonium chloride of 2-5% and 1-2%；
3) the stalk particle spray water obtained to step 2) adjusts moisture content of material in 45-55%；
4) it is fitted into biodegradable plastics bag and is closed sack after mixing the stalk particle that step 3) obtains, is obtained
Compost packet places compost packet 15-25 days, completes compost.
In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the compost packet that several steps 4) obtain can also be deposited in one as needed
It rises, above with one layer of dry improving straw mulching, places 15-25 days, complete compost.
In method of the invention, straw described in step 1) can be a kind of single straw, be also possible to
The mixture of various plants stalk, for example, can be in wheat, rice, corn, rape or soybean stalk any one or
Two or more mixtures.
In a kind of currently preferred scheme, the corruption microbial inoculum of speed described in step 2) by 1% bacillus subtilis, 2%
Black-koji mould, 1.5% aspergillus oryzae, 2% sporotrichum thermophile bacterium, 1% Clostridium thermocellum, 2% pseudomonas mendocina
With 1.5% Phanerochaete chrysosporium and the water composition of surplus.
In currently preferred another kind scheme, the rotten microbial inoculum of speed described in step 2) by 2% bacillus subtilis,
0.5% black-koji mould, 3% aspergillus oryzae, 1% sporotrichum thermophile bacterium, 3% Clostridium thermocellum, 1% Mendoza it is false single
Born of the same parents bacterium and 2% Phanerochaete chrysosporium and surplus water composition.
In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the dosage of the corruption microbial inoculum of speed described in step 2) is the 5-10% of stalk weight.
In preferred embodiments of the present invention, nutrient solution described in step 2) by 3% soluble starch, 1% glucose,
10% corn pulp, 2% ammonium chloride and 2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the water of surplus composition.
In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the dosage of nutrient solution described in step 2) is the 8-15% of stalk weight.
In preferred embodiments of the present invention, biodegradable plastics bag described in step 4) be by PHA, PCL, PLA,
Polybag made of the blend of PBAT, PBS or any one or a few in them with starch；It is furthermore preferred that described
Biodegradable plastics bag by the blend of PLA and starch, the blend of PBAT and starch or PBS and starch blend
Manufactured polybag.
In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the top and bottom of biodegradable plastics bag described in step 4) respectively have one
The breather valve of diameter 5-15cm, an indirect biodegradable plastics pipe for two air valves are covered on the tube wall of plastic tube straight
The aperture of diameter 4mm, the density of aperture are 2 every square centimeter.It is more advantageous to air in this way to circulate naturally, without carrying out fertile heap
Turning.
Compared with prior art, method of the invention have following several respects the utility model has the advantages that
1) composting mode is more flexible and convenient
For compost method of the invention to wrap as unit, occupied area is small, can be applied to any convenient place, Er Qie
It can be moved at any time in composting process.And the present invention can use different size of degradative plastics according to the size in compost place
Bag, makes different size of compost packet.
2) composting efficiency is higher, more environmentally-friendly
Traditional compost, especially outdoor compost moisture is volatile, and the requirement to water content in raw material is relatively high, usual raw material
Water content is all 60% or more.And used in the method for the present invention can be degradable polybag as compost packet, moisture can be lockked,
Compost can be rapidly completed in 45-55% in moisture.Meanwhile using degradation plastic compost packet, additionally it is possible to lock compost generation
Foul smell, not can cause environmental pollution；After compost, biodegradable plastics bag, which can be also decomposed by the microorganisms, becomes fertilizer
A part of material can increase PLA, PBS, PBAT used in fertilizer efficiency, especially preferred embodiments of the present invention and starch blending
Object makes compost bag, and carbon source can be provided for microbial inoculum, promotes microorganism growth, accelerates compost reaction.
Specific embodiment
In order to realize the present invention technological means, technical characteristic, reach purpose and effect is easy to understand, tie below
Specific embodiment is closed, the present invention is further explained.
Embodiment 1
A kind of straw compost method, the specific steps are as follows:
Wheat stalk is ground into the particle of 3-5cm, weighs the stalk particle of 200kg, sprinkling contains 2% bacillus subtilis
Bacterium, 0.5% black-koji mould, 3% aspergillus oryzae, 1% sporotrichum thermophile bacterium, 3% Clostridium thermocellum, 1% Mendoza
Pseudomonad, 2% Phanerochaete chrysosporium and excess water the rotten microbial inoculum 10kg of speed, then spray the soluble starch containing 1%,
5% glucose, 3% corn pulp, 5% ammonium chloride, 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and excess water mixed nutrient solution 20kg, most
Spraying water again afterwards and being adjusted to material moisture is 50%, is distributed into the biodegradable plastics bag of 5 pure PBS preparations and makes after mixing
At compost packet, the polybag upper and lower ends are 5cm air valve, the modeling of the PBS of an indirect diameter 5cm for air valve with diameter
Expects pipe, the aperture of diameter 4mm is covered on tube wall, and the density of aperture is 2/cm2.All compost packets are stacked upon, above
With one layer of dry improving straw mulching, after general 18 days, the stalk in compost packet becomes dark brown completely, and decomposed, compost terminates.
Embodiment 2
A kind of straw compost method, the specific steps are as follows:
Wheat stalk is ground into the particle of 3-5cm, weighs the stalk particle of 200kg, sprinkling contains 2% bacillus subtilis
Bacterium, 0.5% black-koji mould, 3% aspergillus oryzae, 1% sporotrichum thermophile bacterium, 3% Clostridium thermocellum, 1% Mendoza
Pseudomonad, 2% Phanerochaete chrysosporium and excess water the rotten microbial inoculum 10kg of speed, then spray the soluble starch containing 1%,
5% glucose, 3% corn pulp, 5% ammonium chloride, 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and excess water mixed nutrient solution 20kg, most
Spraying water again afterwards and being adjusted to material moisture is 50%, makes real fertile heap after mixing, above with one layer of dry improving straw mulching, general 18
After it, fertile heap outer layer moisture evaporation is too fast, and substantially without decomposed, internal layer also has moisture loss, decomposed relatively slow, only part stalk
It is decomposed.
Embodiment 3
A kind of straw compost method, the specific steps are as follows:
Wheat stalk is ground into the particle of 3-5cm, weighs the stalk particle of 200kg, sprinkling contains 1% bacillus subtilis
Bacterium, 2% black-koji mould, 1.5% aspergillus oryzae, 2% sporotrichum thermophile bacterium, 1% Clostridium thermocellum, 2% Mendoza
Pseudomonad, 1.5% Phanerochaete chrysosporium and excess water the rotten microbial inoculum 10kg of speed, then spray the soluble starch containing 3%,
1% glucose, 10% corn pulp, 2% ammonium chloride, 2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and excess water mixed nutrient solution 20kg, most
Spray water again afterwards adjust material water content be 50%, be distributed into after mixing 5 upper and lower ends with air valve, by weight percentage by
Compost packet is made in polybag made from 70-80%PBS and 20-30% starch blending, the polybag upper and lower ends have
Diameter is 5cm air valve, and the plastic tube of the PBS of an indirect diameter 5cm for air valve is covered with the aperture of diameter 4mm, aperture on tube wall
Density be 2/cm2.All compost packets are stacked upon, above with one layer of dry improving straw mulching, after general 15 days, compost
Stalk in packet becomes dark brown completely, decomposed, and compost terminates.
Embodiment 4
A kind of straw compost method, the specific steps are as follows:
Wheat stalk is ground into the particle of 3-5cm, weighs the stalk particle of 200kg, then sprays water and adjusts material water content
Be 50%, be distributed into after mixing 5 upper and lower ends with air valve, by weight percentage formed sediment by 70-80%PBS and 20-30%
Powder, which is blended in polybag obtained, is made compost packet, and the polybag upper and lower ends have diameter for 5cm air valve, between air valve
The plastic tube of the PBS of a diameter 5cm is connect, the aperture of diameter 4mm is covered on tube wall, the density of aperture is 2/cm2.To own
Compost packet is stacked upon, and above with one layer of dry improving straw mulching, after general 15 days, only fraction stalk darkens, greatly
Part stalk is not decomposed.
Embodiment 5
A kind of straw compost method, the specific steps are as follows:
Soybean stalk is ground into the particle of 3-5cm, weighs the stalk particle of 300kg, is sprayed by 1% bacillus subtilis
Bacterium, 1% black-koji mould, 2% aspergillus oryzae, 1.5% sporotrichum thermophile bacterium, 2% Clostridium thermocellum, 1.5% door it is more
Sa pseudomonad, 1.5% Phanerochaete chrysosporium and the speed corruption microbial inoculum 5kg of excess water composition, then spray by 2% solubility
The mixing of starch, 3% glucose, 8% corn pulp, 3% ammonium chloride, 1.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and excess water composition is sought
Nutrient solution 10kg, finally spraying water again and adjusting material moisture is 55%, and pure PBS of 6 upper and lower ends with air valve is distributed into after mixing
It is made compost packet in the polybag of preparation, the polybag upper and lower ends are 5cm air valve with diameter, indirect one of air valve
The plastic tube of the PBS of diameter 5cm, the aperture of diameter 4mm is covered on tube wall, and the density of aperture is 2/cm2.By all compost packets
It is stacked upon, above with one layer of dry improving straw mulching, after general 20 days, stalk becomes dark brown completely in compost packet,
Decomposed, compost terminates.
Embodiment 6
A kind of straw compost method, the specific steps are as follows:
Soybean stalk is ground into the particle of 3-5cm, weighs the stalk particle of 300kg, is sprayed by 1% bacillus subtilis
Bacterium, 1% black-koji mould, 2% aspergillus oryzae, 1.5% sporotrichum thermophile bacterium, 2% Clostridium thermocellum, 1.5% door it is more
Sa pseudomonad, 1.5% Phanerochaete chrysosporium and the speed corruption microbial inoculum 5kg of excess water composition, then spray by 2% solubility
The mixing of starch, 3% glucose, 8% corn pulp, 3% ammonium chloride, 1.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and excess water composition is sought
Nutrient solution 10kg, finally spraying water again and adjusting material moisture is 55%, makes real fertile heap after mixing, is covered above with one layer of dry stalk
Lid, after general 20 days, fertile heap outer layer moisture evaporation is too fast, and substantially without decomposed, internal layer also has moisture loss, decomposed relatively slow, only
There is part straw decomposing.
Embodiment 7
A kind of straw compost method, the specific steps are as follows:
Soybean stalk is ground into the particle of 3-5cm, weighs the stalk particle of 300kg, is sprayed by 2% bacillus subtilis
Bacterium, 2% black-koji mould, 3% aspergillus oryzae, 1% sporotrichum thermophile bacterium, 1% Clostridium thermocellum, 1% Mendoza it is false
Monad, 2% Phanerochaete chrysosporium and excess water composition the rotten microbial inoculum 5kg of speed, then spray by 3% soluble starch,
The mixed nutrient solution that 5% glucose, 10% corn pulp, 2% ammonium chloride, 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and excess water form
10kg, finally spraying water again and adjusting material moisture is 50%, and 6 upper and lower ends are distributed into after mixing with air valve by 70-80%
Compost packet is made in polybag made from PBS and 20-30% starch blending, the polybag upper and lower ends are with diameter
5cm air valve, the plastic tube of the PBS of an indirect diameter 5cm for air valve are covered with the aperture of diameter 4mm, the density of aperture on tube wall
For 2/cm2.All compost packets are stacked upon, above with one layer of dry improving straw mulching, after general 18 days, straw in compost packet
Stalk becomes dark brown completely, decomposed, and compost terminates.
Embodiment 8
A kind of straw compost method, the specific steps are as follows:
Soybean stalk is ground into the particle of 3-5cm, weighs the stalk particle of 100kg, then sprays water and adjusts material moisture
It is 50%, as 70-80%PBS and 20-30% starch blending made from plastics of 2 upper and lower ends with air valve is distributed into after mixing
Compost packet is made in bag, the polybag upper and lower ends are 5cm air valve with diameter, an indirect diameter 5cm's for air valve
The plastic tube of PBS, the aperture of diameter 4mm is covered on tube wall, and the density of aperture is 2/cm2.All compost packets are deposited in one
It rises, above with one layer of dry improving straw mulching, after general 18 days, only fraction stalk darkens, and most of stalk is without corruption
It is ripe.
Claims (11)
1. a kind of straw compost method, specifically includes the following steps:
1) straw is ground into the stalk particle of 3-5cm；
2) fast rotten microbial inoculum and nutrient solution are equably sprayed at the stalk particle surface that step 1) obtains；
The rotten microbial inoculum of the speed, by weight percentage, the black-koji mould of bacillus subtilis, 0.5-2% containing 1-2%,
The aspergillus oryzae of 1.5-3%, the sporotrichum thermophile bacterium of 1-2%, the Clostridium thermocellum of 1-3%, 1-2% pseudomonas mendocina and
The Phanerochaete chrysosporium of 1.5-2%；
The nutrient solution, by weight percentage, the glucose of soluble starch, 1-5% containing 1-3%, 3-10%
The potassium dihydrogen phosphate of corn pulp, the ammonium chloride of 2-5% and 1-2%；
3) the stalk particle spray water obtained to step 2) adjusts moisture content of material in 45-55%；
4) it is fitted into biodegradable plastics bag and is closed sack after mixing the stalk particle that step 3) obtains, obtains compost
Packet places compost packet 15-25 days, completes compost.
2. straw compost method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the heap for further obtaining several steps 4)
Fertilizer packet is stacked upon, and above with one layer of dry improving straw mulching, is placed 15-25 days, is completed compost.
3. straw compost method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the corruption microbial inoculum of speed described in step 2) is by 1%
Bacillus subtilis, 2% black-koji mould, 1.5% aspergillus oryzae, 2% sporotrichum thermophile bacterium, 1% Clostridium thermocellum,
The water of 2% pseudomonas mendocina and 1.5% Phanerochaete chrysosporium and surplus composition.
4. straw compost method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the corruption microbial inoculum of speed described in step 2) is by 2%
Bacillus subtilis, 0.5% black-koji mould, 3% aspergillus oryzae, 1% sporotrichum thermophile bacterium, 3% Clostridium thermocellum,
The water of 1% pseudomonas mendocina and 2% Phanerochaete chrysosporium and surplus composition.
5. straw compost method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: speed described in step 2) corruption microbial inoculum dosage be
The 5-10% of stalk weight.
6. straw compost method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: nutrient solution described in step 2) by 3% can
Soluble starch, 1% glucose, 10% corn pulp, 2% ammonium chloride and 2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the water of surplus composition.
7. straw compost method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the dosage of nutrient solution described in step 2) is straw
The 8-15% of stalk weight.
8. straw compost method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: biodegradable plastics described in step 4)
Bag is plastics made of the blend of any one or a few PHA, PCL, PLA, PBAT, PBS or in them with starch
Bag.
9. straw compost method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: biodegradable plastics described in step 4)
Bag is the polybag made of the blend of the blend of PLA and starch, the blend of PBAT and starch or PBS and starch.
10. straw compost method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: biodegradable modeling described in step 4)
Material bag with a thickness of 0.05-0.1mm.
11. straw compost method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: biodegradable modeling described in step 4)
Respectively there are the breather valve of a diameter 5-15cm, an indirect biodegradable plastics for two air valves in the top and bottom of material bag
It manages, the aperture of diameter 4mm is covered on the tube wall of plastic tube, the density of aperture is 2 every square centimeter.
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| CN109956769A (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2019-07-02 | 中鼎特金秦皇岛科技股份有限公司 | A kind of stalk pocket type compost maturity method and device on the spot |
| CN110105097A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-08-09 | 中鼎特金秦皇岛科技股份有限公司 | Organic solid castoff fast and harmless treatment process and resource utilization |
| CN110981626A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-04-10 | 绵阳市隆豪农业有限公司 | Straw compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN110937939A (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2020-03-31 | 云南省烟草公司保山市公司 | Compost material for improving survival rate of tobacco plant seedlings and processing method thereof |
| CN114368990A (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-04-19 | 中交（天津）生态环保设计研究院有限公司 | Fermentation method of water hyacinth |
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| CN102617202A (en) * | 2012-04-13 | 2012-08-01 | 贵州省现代中药材研究所 | Process for preparing organic fertilizer by bagged fermentation of corn stalks and cow dung |
| CN104419654A (en) * | 2013-08-30 | 2015-03-18 | 熊全昌 | Organic fertilizer microbial agent produced by rapid fermentation of edible fungus residue and method for producing organic fertilizer by same |
| CN105218236A (en) * | 2015-10-08 | 2016-01-06 | 安徽莱姆佳生物科技股份有限公司 | During High-Temperature Composting composition, During High-Temperature Composting and preparation method thereof |
| CN105399462A (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2016-03-16 | 福建省农业科学院作物研究所 | Broad-bean straw compost composition and piling method thereof |
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- 2016-08-23 CN CN201610707145.4A patent/CN106316486B/en active Active
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102617202A (en) * | 2012-04-13 | 2012-08-01 | 贵州省现代中药材研究所 | Process for preparing organic fertilizer by bagged fermentation of corn stalks and cow dung |
| CN104419654A (en) * | 2013-08-30 | 2015-03-18 | 熊全昌 | Organic fertilizer microbial agent produced by rapid fermentation of edible fungus residue and method for producing organic fertilizer by same |
| CN105218236A (en) * | 2015-10-08 | 2016-01-06 | 安徽莱姆佳生物科技股份有限公司 | During High-Temperature Composting composition, During High-Temperature Composting and preparation method thereof |
| CN105399462A (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2016-03-16 | 福建省农业科学院作物研究所 | Broad-bean straw compost composition and piling method thereof |
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