CN106310063A - 一种用于治疗湿疹的复方凝胶及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于治疗湿疹的复方凝胶及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于治疗湿疹的复方凝胶。复方凝胶包括鸭跖草、楮桃叶、苍耳子、百部、苦参、花椒、紫苏叶、蛇床子、壳聚糖、卡波姆940、薄荷油、米醋、乙醇和三乙醇胺。本发明采用楮桃叶、苍耳子、百部、苦参、花椒、紫苏叶和蛇床子配伍以其清热祛湿、杀虫止痒的功效佐助君药鸭跖草;全方共凑清热利湿,泻火解毒,祛风止痒之功。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于治疗湿疹的复方凝胶及其制备方法,属于中药技术领域。
背景技术
湿疹是由多种内外因素引起的一种具有明显渗出倾向的皮肤炎症反应,其临床表现具有对称性、渗出性、瘙痒性、多形性和复发性等特点。也是一种过敏性炎症性皮肤病以皮疹多样性,对称分布、剧烈瘙痒反复发作、易演变成慢性为特征。可发生于任何年龄、任何部位、任何季节,无性别差异;有渗出倾向,慢性病程,易反复发作。近年来湿疹的发病呈上升趋势,其发病原因复杂,有内在因素和外在因素相互作用。外在因素如生活环境、气候条件、感染、饮食、药物等均可影响湿疹的发生。外界刺激如日光、紫外线、寒冷、炎热、多汗、搔抓、摩擦以及各种动物皮毛、植物、化妆品、洗涤剂、纤维等均可诱发湿疹,某些食物也可诱发湿疹加重。内在因素主要是过敏素质,受遗传因素支配。其他如慢性消化系统疾病、胃肠道功能性障碍、精神紧张、失眠、过度疲劳、情绪变化等精神改变,感染病灶、新陈代谢障碍和内分泌功能失调等,均可产生或加重湿疹的病情。
近来各大医院门诊湿疹患者的门诊量明显增多,有易反复发作、一次比一次严重的特点,尤以妇女和儿童的症状表现更为突出,给患者带来很多痛苦,影响了生活质量。另外,由于湿疹的病因比较复杂,治疗较为棘手,单纯西药疗效不够满意,如大多数患者常用含有激素成分的外用药膏、药水涂抹,副作用大,一旦停药,就会反复发作,甚至造成病情进一步恶化。近年来我国中医中药对该病从病因病机到临床治疗形成了独特有效的方法,其治疗效果显著,复发率明显降低,中医药治疗湿疹的优势越来越受到重视;在治疗方面,外治法的记载尤为详尽,尤其根据湿疹性质、发病部位不同而选择适当剂型药物的外治原则沿用至今。因此开发疗效显著、毒副作用小、使用方便的外用治疗湿疹的中药制剂就变得尤为迫切。
湿疹的治疗采用中药、西药或中药西药联合用药的方法。由于湿疹的病因比较复杂,治疗较为棘手,单纯西药疗效不够满意,近年来中医药治疗湿疹的优势受到重视,因湿疹外治法的记载详尽,根据湿疹性质、发病部位不同而选择适当剂型,中药外治原则一直沿用至今。目前,西药治疗湿疹的外用软膏剂主要包括:地塞米松软膏、可的松软膏、强的松软膏、皮炎平软膏、复方酮康唑氧氟沙星软膏(原名博泰软膏)、海普林软膏(低分子肝素钠、玻璃酸钠、尿囊素、氮酮等组成)、艾洛松软膏、氟轻松软膏、复方氟米松软膏、丁酸氢化可的松软膏等,以激素类药物为主;但是,如果长期或短时间大剂量使用激素药物治疗,可引起肥胖、多毛、痤疮、血糖升高、高血压、钠潴留、水肿、血钾降低、月经紊乱、骨质疏松、无菌性骨质坏死、胃及十二指肠溃疡等并发症。对肾脏也可造成一定损害,还会引起机体糖、蛋白质、脂肪及水电解质等一系列物质代谢紊乱,破坏机体的防卫系统和抑制免疫反应能力。如果有的患者在治疗过程中因使用皮质激素类药物,并对激素产生了的依赖性,停药后原发病变反跳加重与继发的副作用,可使患者产生很大的痛苦。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一种用于治疗湿疹的复方凝胶及其制备方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案来实现的:
一种用于治疗湿疹的复方凝胶,包括鸭跖草、楮桃叶、苍耳子、百部、苦参、花椒、紫苏叶、蛇床子、壳聚糖、卡波姆940、薄荷油、米醋、乙醇和三乙醇胺。
所述的一种用于治疗湿疹的复方凝胶,以重量份数计,包括鸭跖草1000-1500份、楮桃叶20-40份、苍耳子10-40份、百部10-40份、苦参20-40份、花椒20-40份、紫苏叶20-40份、蛇床子20-40份、壳聚糖0.03-0.08份、卡波姆940 0.15-0.19份、薄荷油0.001-0.005份、米醋0.1-0.5份、乙醇适量和三乙醇胺适量。
所述的一种用于治疗湿疹的复方凝胶的制备方法,包括以下几个步骤:
(1)将新鲜的鸭跖草地上部分洗净、沥干,于压榨机中榨取汁液,汁液离心2次,取上清液得到鸭跖草鲜汁,置于冰箱中冷藏备用;
(2)将壳聚糖溶解于米醋中,搅拌均匀至半透明凝胶状,记为A液备用;
(3)将楮桃叶、苍耳子、百部、苦参、花椒、紫苏叶和蛇床子加水浸泡,煎煮两次,合并两次煎煮液,加热浓缩,待药液冷却至70℃加入A液静置24h后过滤,以4000r/min离心10min后得B液;
(4)称取卡波姆940缓慢加入鸭跖草鲜汁,搅拌均匀后静置制成基质备用;
(5)取薄荷油加入95%乙醇使其溶解,加入B液,搅拌均匀静置10min,过滤,得C液;
(6)将C液缓慢加入步骤(4)中的基质中,充分搅拌均匀混合后用三乙醇胺调pH6.0-7.0,搅拌均匀即得成品复方凝胶。
所述的一种用于治疗湿疹的复方凝胶的制备方法,步骤(1)中离心条件为4000r/min,离心20min。
所述的一种用于治疗湿疹的复方凝胶的制备方法,步骤(3)中第一煎煮时间为40min,第二次煎煮时间为30min。
所述的一种用于治疗湿疹的复方凝胶的制备方法,步骤(4)中静置时间为2-4h。
鸭趾草(Commelina communis L.)为鸭跖草种植物鸭跖草的全草,为中国药典收载的药材品种之一,其具有清热解毒、利湿消肿、止痒之功效。别名鸡舌草、鼻斫草、碧竹子(《本草拾遗》),碧竹草(《本草图经》),青耳环花、碧蟾蜍、竹叶草(《竹谱详录》),耳环草(《世医得效方》)等。化学成分含花色素糖苷类化合物飞燕草素、飞燕草素双葡萄糖苷-飞燕草苷、阿伏巴苷等,此外,还含鸭跖黄酮和多肽苷等。有研究报道【吕贻胜,李素琴,丁瑞梅.鸭趾草药理学研究.安徽医科的大学学报,1995,30(3):244-245.】鸭趾草的初步药理学作用,实验证明鸭趾草液具有明显的镇痛消炎作用。对金黄色莆萄球菌、白色念珠菌均有抑菌作用,体外抗细菌内毒素作用随着孵育时间的延长而增加,本研究结果与药典所载消热解毒作用较为一致。万京华等【万京华,张晓联,辛善禄.鸭趾草的抑菌作用研究.公共卫生与预防医学,2005,16(1):25-27.】等用琼脂扩散法检测鸭跖草的抑菌作用,并进行了急性毒性实验,结果发现鸭跖草对志贺氏痢疾杆菌、枯草杆菌、大肠杆菌等均有较强的抑制作用,急性毒性实验显示鸭跖草属于无毒或低毒的物质。中医常采用内病外治法,疗效独特。赵艳云等【赵艳云,莫爱莲,房伟宜等.鸭趾草外治麦粒肿103例.武警医学院学报,1997,6(4):254.】用新鲜鸭跖草液外涂、烤汁熨涂治疗麦粒肿,临床观察有确切疗效。崔素兴【崔素兴.鸭趾草治痱子热疖有奇效.四川中医,1999,17(1):42.】用新鲜鸭跖草煎取药液外洗治疗、预防痱子热疖,效果奇佳。
楮桃叶即楮叶(《别录》),为桑科植物构树的叶。别名:构叶(《子母秘录》),谷树叶(《简便单方》),酱黄叶(《生草药性备要》)。化学成分含黄酮苷、酚类、有机酸、鞣质。味甘,性凉,无毒。功用主治:凉血,利水。楮桃叶是一种中药材,它一般用于治疗银屑病等,有一定的疗效。治疗瘙痒和慢性荨麻疹也有疗效。李时珍归纳楮树叶的治疗效果,有以下几种:利小便、去风湿、治肿胀、治白浊、去疝气、治癣疮,其中治癣疮的效果很好。民间用于治癣湿痒不可忍:楮叶半斤,细切捣令极烂,敷于癣上(《圣惠方》) 。现代药理学研究表明楮叶具有抗菌作用:楮叶的丙酮提取物对葡萄球菌有抑制作用。
蛇床子Cnidium monnieri(L.)Cuss.,为伞形科植物蛇床的干燥成熟果实。别名:蛇米、蛇珠、蛇粟、蛇床仁、蛇床实、气果、双肾子、癞头花子、 野茴香。味辛;苦;性温。化学成分:果实含挥发油1.3%,主要成分为蒎烯、莰烯、异戊酸龙脑酯、异龙脑。又含甲氧基欧芹酚,蛇床明素,异虎耳草素,佛手柑内酯,二氢山芹醇及其当归酸酯、乙 酸酯和异戊酸酯,蛇床定,异丁酰氧基二氢山芹醇乙酸酯。功效与作用:温肾壮阳;燥湿杀虫;祛风止痒。主治男子阳痿;阴囊湿痒;女子宫寒不孕;寒湿带下;阴痒肿痛;风湿痹痛;湿疮疥癣。用于阳痿,宫冷,寒湿带下,湿痹腰痛;外治外阴湿疹,妇人阴痒;滴虫性阴道炎。临床治疗急性渗出性皮肤病和皮肤湿疹,如慢性湿疹急性发作,汗疱疹糜烂期、阴囊湿疹、外阴瘙痒、疥疮、皮癣等。
苦参(Sophorae Flavescentis Radix.),别名:苦骨(《纲目》),川参(《贵州民间方药集》),凤凰爪(《广西中兽医药植》),牛参(《湖南药物志》)。药用部位为豆种植物苦参的根。根含多种生物碱:d-苦参碱、d-氧化苦参碱、槐花醇l-臭豆碱、l-甲基金雀花碱、l-穿叶赝靛碱及槐果碱。还含黄酮类:黄腐醇、异黄腐醇、3,4′,5-三羟-7-甲氧-8-异戊烯基黄酮、8-异戊烯基山柰酚等。功能主治:清热,燥湿,杀虫。治热毒血痢,肠风下血,黄疸,赤白带下,小儿肺炎,疳积,急性扁桃体炎,痔漏,脱肛,皮肤瘙痒,疥癞恶疮,阴疮湿痒,瘰疬,烫伤。外治滴虫性阴道炎。《本草正义》言:“苦参,大苦大寒,退热泄降,荡涤湿火,其功效与芩、连、龙胆皆相近,而苦参之苦愈甚,其燥尤烈,故能杀湿热所生之虫,较黄芩、黄连力量益烈。近人乃不敢以入煎剂,盖不特畏其苦味难服,亦嫌其峻厉而避之也。然毒风恶癞,非此不除。”《滇南本草》记载:“凉血,解热毒,疥癞,脓窠疮毒。疗皮肤瘙痒,血风癣疥,顽皮白屑。”根据记载可以看出,苦参性苦寒,功能清热燥湿,杀虫止痒,逐水利尿,对生于皮肤的湿疹、湿疮、痈疡、肿、毒有特殊疗效。
苍耳子,为菊科植物苍耳的干燥成熟带总苞的果实。别名:枱耳实(《本经》),牛虱子(《贵州民间方药集》),胡寝子(《药材资料汇编》),苍郎种、棉螳螂(《江苏植药志》),苍子、胡苍子(《东北药植志》),饿虱子(《广西中药志》),苍棵子、苍耳蒺藜(《陕西中草药》)。分布于黑龙江、 辽宁、吉林、内蒙古、河北、安阳等地。味苦、甘、辛,性温。主要成分为含苍耳苷,苍耳油(其中有大量亚油酸),苍耳毒蛋白,丙种维生素等。功效与作用:散风寒;通鼻窍;祛风湿;止痒。主鼻渊;风寒头痛;风湿痹痛;风疹;湿疹;疥癣。用于风寒头痛,鼻渊流涕,风疹瘙痒,湿痹拘挛。临床药理研究证实,苍耳子富含挥发油,能改善鼻通气及嗅觉功能,并有抗菌,消炎,改善鼻粘膜血液循环,减轻血管渗透性等作用。
百部(拉丁学名:Stemona japonica)亦称婆妇草,药虱药,是百部科的植物。甘、苦,微温。百部富含有大量的生物碱,根含百部碱、对叶百部碱、斯替宁碱、次百部碱、氧化百部碱。尚含糖2.32%,脂类0.84%,蛋白质9.25%,灰分12.1%,以及乙酸、甲酸、苹果酸、琥珀酸、草酸等。外用于头虱,体虱,蛲虫病,阴部骚痒。广州部队《常用中草药手册》指出百部可治百日咳,肺结核,支气管炎,皮炎,湿疹,荨麻疹,脚癣,阿米巴痢疾。
花椒(学名:Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.),别名:大椒(《尔雅》),秦椒、蜀椒(《本经》),南椒(《雷公炮炙论》),巴椒、蓎藙(《别录》),汗椒(陶弘景),陆拨(《药性论》),汉椒(《日华子本草》),川椒(《圣惠方》),点椒(《纲目》)。药用部位为芸香科植物花椒的果皮。花椒果实含挥发油0.7%(贵州产)、2~4%(甘肃产)、4~9%(广东产)。挥发油中含牻牛儿醇、柠檬烯、枯醇等。果实尚含甾醇、不饱和有机酸等。功能主治:温中散寒,除湿,止痛,杀虫,解鱼腥毒。治积食停饮,心腹冷痛,呕吐,噫呃,咳嗽气逆,风寒湿痹,泄泻,痢疾,疝痛,齿痛,蛔虫病,蛲虫病,阴痒,疮疥。
紫苏叶,别名:苏、苏叶、紫菜。药用部位为唇形科植物皱紫苏、尖紫苏等的叶。性味:辛,微温,无毒。化学成分:皱紫苏全草含挥发油约0.5%,内含紫苏醛约55%,左旋柠檬烯20~30%及α-蒎烯少量。还含精氨酸、枯酸、矢车 菊素3-(6-对香豆酰-β-D-葡萄糖苷)5-β-D-葡萄糖苷。叶的挥发油中含异白苏烯酮等。尖紫苏全草含挥发油,内含异戊基-3-呋喃甲酮、紫 苏醛、α-及β-蒎烯、d-柠檬烯、l-芳樟醇、莰烯、薄荷醇、薄荷酮、紫苏醇、二氢紫苏醇、丁香油酚。现代药理学研究表明紫苏叶在试管内能抑制葡萄球菌生长。紫苏叶浸膏对6种真菌琼脂培养物最低抑菌浓度(MIC)为200-1600mg/ml;浸膏中的紫苏醛起主要抑菌作用。临床应用可治疗寻常疣。
薄荷脑是中药薄荷的提取物之一。薄荷性味辛凉,辛能发散,凉可清热,具有止痒、止痛、清凉、防腐的功效。在凝胶制剂中,薄荷脑作为辅料添加成分利用其“引经”作用有明显的促药物渗透效果,能提高其它药物成分在局部皮肤的吸收浓度;另外,薄荷脑发散、清利,可散邪透疹、疏风止痒,可引皮肤中郁积的湿热毒邪外出。作为中药成分透皮吸收促进剂,薄荷脑起效快、效果好、不良反应小。
本发明所达到的有益效果:
本发明采用楮桃叶、苍耳子、百部、苦参、花椒、紫苏叶和蛇床子配伍以其清热祛湿、杀虫止痒的功效佐助君药鸭跖草;全方共凑清热利湿,泻火解毒,祛风止痒之功。
选择水性凝胶基质(壳聚糖、卡波姆940)作为中药复方凝胶剂的载体,具有溶胀性、脱水收缩性、透过性和粘合性等特点,与常见的中医外治药物剂型,具有与创面结合紧密、易于清洗等特点。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种用于治疗湿疹的复方凝胶,包括鸭跖草、楮桃叶、苍耳子、百部、苦参、花椒、紫苏叶、蛇床子、壳聚糖、卡波姆940、薄荷油、米醋、乙醇和三乙醇胺。
所述的一种用于治疗湿疹的复方凝胶,以重量份数计,包括鸭跖草1000份、楮桃叶40份、苍耳子40份、百部40份、苦参20份、花椒40份、紫苏叶40份、蛇床子20份、壳聚糖0.03份、卡波姆940 0.19份、薄荷油0.001份、米醋0.5份、乙醇适量和三乙醇胺适量。
所述的一种用于治疗湿疹的复方凝胶的制备方法,包括以下几个步骤:
(1)鸭跖草鲜汁的制备:将新鲜的鸭跖草地上部分洗净、沥干,与压榨机中榨取汁液,滤液在4000rpm离心20min,离心2次,取上清液置于冰箱中冷藏备用;
(2)称取处方量壳聚糖并将其溶解于处方量米醋中,搅拌均匀至半透明凝胶状,记为A液备用;
(3)取除鸭跖草外的其余七味中药加水浸泡40min,常规煎煮,头煎40min,次煎30min,合并两次煎煮液,加热浓缩至200ml,待药液冷却至70℃加入A液静置24h后过滤,以4000r/min离心10min后得B液;
(4)称取医用卡波姆940缓慢加入150份鸭跖草鲜汁,搅拌均匀后静置3h制成基质备用;
(5)量取处方量薄荷油加入10ml 95%乙醇使其溶解,加入B液,搅拌均匀静置10min,过滤,充分混得C液;
(6)将C液缓慢加入做好的基质中,充分搅拌均匀混合后用三乙醇胺调pH6.0-7.0,搅拌均匀即得成品。
实施例2
一种用于治疗湿疹的复方凝胶,包括鸭跖草、楮桃叶、苍耳子、百部、苦参、花椒、紫苏叶、蛇床子、壳聚糖、卡波姆940、薄荷油、米醋、乙醇和三乙醇胺。
所述的一种用于治疗湿疹的复方凝胶,以重量份数计,包括鸭跖草1500份、楮桃叶20份、苍耳子10份、百部10份、苦参40份、花椒20份、紫苏叶20份、蛇床子40份、壳聚糖0.08份、卡波姆940 0.15份、薄荷油0.005份、米醋0.1份、乙醇适量和三乙醇胺适量。
所述的一种用于治疗湿疹的复方凝胶的制备方法,包括以下几个步骤:
(1)鸭跖草鲜汁的制备:将新鲜的鸭跖草地上部分洗净、沥干,与压榨机中榨取汁液,滤液在4000rpm离心20min,离心2次,取上清液置于冰箱中冷藏备用;
(2)称取处方量壳聚糖并将其溶解于处方量米醋中,搅拌均匀至半透明凝胶状,记为A液备用;
(3)取除鸭跖草外的其余七味中药加水浸泡40min,常规煎煮,头煎40min,次煎30min,合并两次煎煮液,加热浓缩至200ml,待药液冷却至70℃加入A液静置24h后过滤,以4000r/min离心10min后得B液;
(4)称取医用卡波姆940缓慢加入150份鸭跖草鲜汁,搅拌均匀后静置3h制成基质备用;
(5)量取处方量薄荷油加入10ml 95%乙醇使其溶解,加入B液,搅拌均匀静置10min,过滤,充分混得C液;
(6)将C液缓慢加入做好的基质中,充分搅拌均匀混合后用三乙醇胺调pH6.0-7.0,搅拌均匀即得成品。
实施例3
一种用于治疗湿疹的复方凝胶,包括鸭跖草、楮桃叶、苍耳子、百部、苦参、花椒、紫苏叶、蛇床子、壳聚糖、卡波姆940、薄荷油、米醋、乙醇和三乙醇胺。
所述的一种用于治疗湿疹的复方凝胶,以重量份数计,包括鸭跖草1200份、楮桃叶30份、苍耳子20份、百部20份、苦参30份、花椒30份、紫苏叶30份、蛇床子30份、壳聚糖0.05份、卡波姆940 0.17份、薄荷油0.002份、米醋0.3份、乙醇适量和三乙醇胺适量。
所述的一种用于治疗湿疹的复方凝胶的制备方法,包括以下几个步骤:
(1)鸭跖草鲜汁的制备:将新鲜的鸭跖草地上部分洗净、沥干,与压榨机中榨取汁液,滤液在4000rpm离心20min,离心2次,取上清液置于冰箱中冷藏备用;
(2)称取处方量壳聚糖并将其溶解于处方量米醋中,搅拌均匀至半透明凝胶状,记为A液备用;
(3)取除鸭跖草外的其余七味中药加水浸泡40min,常规煎煮,头煎40min,次煎30min,合并两次煎煮液,加热浓缩至200ml,待药液冷却至70℃加入A液静置24h后过滤,以4000r/min离心10min后得B液;
(4)称取医用卡波姆940缓慢加入150份鸭跖草鲜汁,搅拌均匀后静置3h制成基质备用;
(5)量取处方量薄荷油加入10ml 95%乙醇使其溶解,加入B液,搅拌均匀静置10min,过滤,充分混得C液;
(6)将C液缓慢加入做好的基质中,充分搅拌均匀混合后用三乙醇胺调pH6.0-7.0,搅拌均匀即得成品。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和变形,这些改进和变形也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种用于治疗湿疹的复方凝胶,其特征是,包括鸭跖草、楮桃叶、苍耳子、百部、苦参、花椒、紫苏叶、蛇床子、壳聚糖、卡波姆940、薄荷油、米醋、乙醇和三乙醇胺。
2.根据权利要求2所述的一种用于治疗湿疹的复方凝胶,其特征是,以重量份数计,包括鸭跖草1000-1500份、楮桃叶20-40份、苍耳子10-40份、百部10-40份、苦参20-40份、花椒20-40份、紫苏叶20-40份、蛇床子20-40份、壳聚糖0.03-0.08份、卡波姆940 0.15-0.19份、薄荷油0.001-0.005份、米醋0.1-0.5份、乙醇适量和三乙醇胺适量。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种用于治疗湿疹的复方凝胶的制备方法,其特征是,包括以下几个步骤:
(1)将新鲜的鸭跖草地上部分洗净、沥干,于压榨机中榨取汁液,汁液离心2次,取上清液得到鸭跖草鲜汁,置于冰箱中冷藏备用;
(2)将壳聚糖溶解于米醋中,搅拌均匀至半透明凝胶状,记为A液备用;
(3)将楮桃叶、苍耳子、百部、苦参、花椒、紫苏叶和蛇床子加水浸泡,煎煮两次,合并两次煎煮液,加热浓缩,待药液冷却至70℃加入A液静置24h后过滤,以4000r/min离心10min后得B液;
(4)称取卡波姆940缓慢加入鸭跖草鲜汁,搅拌均匀后静置制成基质备用;
(5)取薄荷油加入95%乙醇使其溶解,加入B液,搅拌均匀静置10min,过滤,得C液;
(6)将C液缓慢加入步骤(4)中的基质中,充分搅拌均匀混合后用三乙醇胺调pH6.0-7.0,搅拌均匀即得成品复方凝胶。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种用于治疗湿疹的复方凝胶的制备方法,其特征是,步骤(1)中离心条件为4000r/min,离心20min。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种用于治疗湿疹的复方凝胶的制备方法,其特征是,步骤(3)中第一煎煮时间为40min,第二次煎煮时间为30min。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种用于治疗湿疹的复方凝胶的制备方法,其特征是,步骤(4)中静置时间为2-4h。
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