CN104352866A - 一种治疗火毒伤津型烧伤的中药制剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种治疗火毒伤津型烧伤的中药制剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗火毒伤津型烧伤的中药制剂及其制备方法,中药制剂中各种原料药材为:黄皮血藤、蕨萁、橘络、白茅根、十萼茄、苦豆子、金银花、青黛、野菊花、石萝藦、青果、千里光、金果榄、白蔹、绒背蓟、四季青、散瘀草、羊蹄、桂叶素馨、南沙参、蓍草、田菁、石斛、明党参、连翘、西洋参、黄芪和绞股蓝。本发明的有益效果是:本发明具有清热解毒,益气养阴的功效,主治火毒伤津型烧伤,针对不同程度的火毒伤津型烧伤的临床表现进行辨证论治,不仅可以抗感染,减少渗出,去腐生肌,提高皮肤修复能力,减少胃肠道反应和全身反应,还具有效率高、起效快,疗效确切,安全性高,价格低廉及无毒副作用等优势。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药制剂技术领域,特别涉及一种治疗火毒伤津型烧伤的中药制剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
由火焰、高温固体和强辐射热引起的损伤称之为烧伤。烧伤是由高温、化学物质或电引起的组织损伤。烧伤的程度由温度的高低、作用时间的长短而不同。局部的变化可分为四度。烧伤时可见血液中的乳酸量增加,动静脉血的pH值降低,随着组织毛细血管功能障碍的加重,缺氧血症也增重。烧伤达全身表面积的三分之一以上时则可有生命危险。
烧伤的基本病因有以下几个方面:直接接触高温物体或受到强的热辐射所致,如热力、化学物质、电能、放射线等。
临床症状主要有以下几个方面:烧伤的严重程度取决于受伤组织的范围和深度,烧伤深度可分为Ⅰ度、Ⅱ度和Ⅲ度。Ⅰ度烧伤:烧伤皮肤发红、疼痛、明显触痛、有渗出或水肿;轻压受伤部位时局部变白,但没有水疱。Ⅱ度烧伤:皮肤水疱,水疱底部呈红色或白色,充满了清澈、黏稠的液体;触痛敏感,压迫时变白。Ⅲ度烧伤:烧伤表面可以发白、变软或者呈黑色、炭化皮革状;由于被烧皮肤变得苍白,破坏的红细胞可使烧伤局部皮肤呈鲜红色,偶尔有水疱,烧伤区的毛发很容易拔出,感觉减退。Ⅲ度烧伤:因为皮肤的神经末梢被破坏,烧伤后常常要经过几天,才能区分深Ⅱ度与Ⅲ度烧伤。
中医学认为烧伤是由于强热作用于人体,热毒人侵,气血瘀滞,轻者皮肉腐烂,重者热毒炽盛,伤及体内阴液,或热毒内攻脏腑,以致脏腑失和,阴阳失调。
分析烧伤的病因,多为外受伤,故辨其临床症候分为:1、火毒伤津型:创面红肿疼痛,水疱形成,基底红,红白相间苍白,壮热烦躁,口干欲饮,大便秘结,小便短赤而短少;舌质红,苔黄躁,脉洪或舌光无苔,弦细数。2、阴伤阳脱型:面色苍白,神疲乏力,气息低促,自汗肢冷,体温反低,嗜睡,甚则神志恍惚;舌质红绛或紫暗,无苔,脉细欲绝。3、火毒内陷证:壮热不退,口干唇燥,躁动不安,大便秘结,小便短赤;舌红绛而干,苔黄或黄糙,或焦干起刺,脉弦数等。若火毒传心,可见烦躁不安,神昏谵语;若火毒传肺,可见呼吸气粗,鼻翼煽动,咳嗽痰鸣,痰中带血;若火毒传肝,可见黄疸,双目上视,痉挛抽搐;若火毒传脾,可见腹胀便结,便溏黏臭,恶心呕吐,不思饮食,或有呕血、便血;若火毒传肾,可见浮肿,尿血或尿闭。4、气血两虚型:低热或不发热,神疲乏力,食欲不振,形体消瘦,面色少华,创面肉芽色淡,难以愈合;舌淡,苔薄白,脉细弱。5、脾胃虚弱型:病程日久,创面难以愈合,疲乏无力,食欲不振,腰腹胀满,或呕吐腹泻,面色少华,形体消瘦;舌淡,苔白腻,脉弱。
目前西医治疗烧伤:轻度烧伤应尽可能立即浸泡在冷水中。很多烧伤患者都需要应用止痛剂止痛。威胁生命的严重烧伤需要立即治疗,急救人员应用面罩给伤员输氧,减轻火灾中一氧化碳和有毒气体对伤员的影响。应保持患者呼吸道通畅,检查是否有其他威胁生命的创伤,并补充液体和预防感染。创面清理干净后,涂敷抗生素软膏或油膏,然后用消毒纱布覆盖。每天更换纱布两三次。深度烧伤很容易引起严重感染,应静脉输入抗生素。如果下层真皮受损面积较大,常需要植皮。但是,西医治疗烧伤:表皮损伤时抗生素可能有助于预防感染,但是长期应用抗生素可引起耐药性,还存在治疗时间长,疗效差,费用昂贵及有毒副作用等缺陷。当人体细胞免疫功能低下、免疫球蛋白的质量和数量不足,或吞噬细胞性能与质量不足时,抗生素治疗则难以奏效。同时,大面积烧伤如果液体补充不够,可引起肾衰竭。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于,提供一种治疗火毒伤津型烧伤的中药制剂及其制备方法,本发明具有清热解毒,益气养阴的功效,主治火毒伤津型烧伤,针对不同程度的火毒伤津型烧伤的临床表现进行辨证论治,不仅可以抗感染,减少渗出,去腐生肌,提高皮肤修复能力,减少胃肠道反应和全身反应,还具有效率高、起效快,疗效确切,安全性高,价格低廉及无毒副作用等优势。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供一种治疗火毒伤津型烧伤的中药制剂,其特征在于,包括以下原料药材:黄皮血藤、蕨萁、橘络、白茅根、十萼茄、苦豆子、金银花、青黛、野菊花、石萝藦、青果、千里光、金果榄、白蔹、绒背蓟、四季青、散瘀草、羊蹄、桂叶素馨、南沙参、蓍草、田菁、石斛、明党参、连翘、西洋参、黄芪和绞股蓝。
其中,所述中药制剂中各原料药材的重量份数比为:黄皮血藤10~20份、蕨萁15~35份、橘络12~28份、白茅根7~20份、十萼茄14~32份、苦豆子3~7份、金银花15~30份、青黛10~35份、野菊花18~36份、石萝藦13~27份、青果12~28份、千里光3~7份、金果榄15~30份、白蔹18~38份、绒背蓟13~26份、四季青14~24份、散瘀草16~28份、羊蹄8~20份、桂叶素馨12~28份、南沙参14~29份、蓍草12~26份、田菁10~30份、石斛12~24份、明党参10~30份、连翘13~24份、西洋参15~28份、黄芪15~35份和绞股蓝12~32份。
其中,所述中药制剂中各原料药材的重量份数比为:黄皮血藤12~20份、蕨萁15~30份、橘络14~28份、白茅根7~18份、十萼茄15~30份、苦豆子4~6份、金银花16~30份、青黛12~32份、野菊花20~34份、石萝藦14~23份、青果14~25份、千里光3~5份、金果榄16~28份、白蔹18~33份、绒背蓟15~24份、四季青15~22份、散瘀草18~25份、羊蹄10~20份、桂叶素馨14~23份、南沙参15~25份、蓍草15~24份、田菁12~30份、石斛14~20份、明党参13~25份、连翘15~22份、西洋参15~24份、黄芪15~32份和绞股蓝14~30份。
其中,所述中药制剂中各原料药材的重量份数比为:黄皮血藤14份、蕨萁25份、橘络22份、白茅根10份、十萼茄20份、苦豆子4份、金银花26份、青黛30份、野菊花32份、石萝藦22份、青果20份、千里光3份、金果榄25份、白蔹30份、绒背蓟23份、四季青20份、散瘀草25份、羊蹄11份、桂叶素馨23份、南沙参25份、蓍草22份、田菁28份、石斛16份、明党参24份、连翘20份、西洋参18份、黄芪30份和绞股蓝25份。
其中,所述中药制剂中各原料药材的重量份数比为:黄皮血藤13份、蕨萁22份、橘络25份、白茅根7份、十萼茄28份、苦豆子5份、金银花28份、青黛30份、野菊花31份、石萝藦22份、青果25份、千里光4份、金果榄25份、白蔹30份、绒背蓟24份、四季青20份、散瘀草24份、羊蹄20份、桂叶素馨22份、南沙参18份、蓍草22份、田菁25份、石斛18份、明党参23份、连翘21份、西洋参20份、黄芪30份和绞股蓝22份。
其中,所述中药制剂中各原料药材的重量份数比为:黄皮血藤18份、蕨萁20份、橘络23份、白茅根15份、十萼茄26份、苦豆子6份、金银花26份、青黛28份、野菊花32份、石萝藦21份、青果23份、千里光5份、金果榄25份、白蔹31份、绒背蓟21份、四季青20份、散瘀草23份、羊蹄13份、桂叶素馨20份、南沙参22份、蓍草24份、田菁28份、石斛16份、明党参24份、连翘21份、西洋参20份、黄芪31份和绞股蓝18份。
其中,当所述中药制剂的剂型为喷雾剂时,其制备方法包括以下步骤,
第一步,将所述原料药材按比例混合,放入超微粉碎机中粉碎成0.1~10μm体积平均粒径的微米级颗粒和粒径小于0.1μm体积平均粒径的纳米级颗粒组成的混合粉料,所述混合粉料的得粉率至少为95%;
第二步,在第一步获得的混合粉料中加入相对于所述混合粉料的质量3~5倍的醇浓度为85%~95%的乙醇,搅拌溶解获得乙醇溶液,将乙醇溶液在5℃~10℃的条件下静置24~36小时,采用渗漉法以每分钟1~2ml的速度缓缓渗漉,收集渗漉液,浓缩并干燥,并在此放入超微粉碎机中粉碎40~60分钟,获得0.1~10μm体积平均粒径的微米级颗粒和粒径小于0.1μm体积平均粒径的纳米级颗粒组成的混合粉料,所述混合粉料的得粉率至少为95%;
第三步,在第二步获得的混合粉料中加入相对于混合粉料质量2~3倍的去离子水,煎煮2~4小时,过滤,获得药汁。
其中,当所述中药剂型的剂型为膏剂时,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将所述原料药材按比例混合,加水煎煮2~4次,每次1~3小时,每次加入8~10倍量的水,煎煮液过滤,合并各次的过滤液,加入醇浓度为80%~95%的乙醇至醇含量为40%~50%,静置3~5小时,过滤,滤液浓缩,干燥并粉碎,获得混合粉末,过200目筛,采用紫外灯照射1~2小时灭菌;
第二步,相对于第一步获得的100重量份所述混合粉末,将1重量份~3重量份硬脂酸、0.5重量份~1.5重量份十八烷基醇、0.5重量份~1.5重量份单硬脂酸甘油酯、3重量份~5重量份液状石蜡、8重量份~10重量份二甲基硅油混合加热至75℃~85℃,在不断搅拌下加入1重量份~3重量份维生素E溶解,获得油相;
第三步,相对于第一步获得的100重量份所述混合粉末,将0.5重量份~1.5重量份十二烷基硫酸钠、0.5重量份~1.5重量份三乙醇胺、1重量份~2重量份羟苯乙酯、1000重量份~1500重量份蒸馏水混合加热至75℃~85℃,获得水相;
第四步,将第二步获得的油相在不断搅拌下缓慢加入第三步获得的水相中,充分搅拌30分钟~1小时,使乳化,在60℃~70℃的温度下加入第一步获得的混合粉末,搅拌均匀,分装。
其中,当所述中药的剂型为片剂时,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将所述中药各原料药材按比例混合,加入相对于混合物质量3~5倍的醇浓度为85%~95%的乙醇,加热回流4~6小时,提取,过滤获得第一提取液;过滤获得的药渣再加入相对于所述药渣质量2~4倍的醇浓度为90%~95%的乙醇,加热回流1~3小时,提取,过滤获得第二提取液;将第一提取液和第二提取液合并,减压浓缩除去乙醇溶剂,干燥,获得干膏;
第二步,将第一步获得的干膏放置在超微粉碎机中粉碎1~3小时,粉碎,过筛,获得400目~500目的超微细粉;
第三步,将第二步获得的超微细粉,加入相对于其质量0.1~0.2倍的微晶纤维素、0.15~0.3倍乳糖、0.2~0.3倍的淀粉,过筛,混合均匀,制粒,干燥,加入相对于超微细粉质量0.025~0.04倍硬脂酸镁,整粒,压片,制成。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明具有清热解毒,益气养阴的功效,主治火毒伤津型烧伤,针对不同程度的火毒伤津型烧伤的临床表现进行辨证论治,不仅可以抗感染,减少渗出,去腐生肌,提高皮肤修复能力,减少胃肠道反应和全身反应,还具有效率高、起效快,疗效确切,安全性高,价格低廉及无毒副作用等优势。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种治疗火毒伤津型烧伤的中药制剂,以清热解毒,益气养阴为主要治疗原则,其中,包括以下原料药材:黄皮血藤、蕨萁、橘络、白茅根、十萼茄、苦豆子、金银花、青黛、野菊花、石萝藦、青果、千里光、金果榄、白蔹、绒背蓟、四季青、散瘀草、羊蹄、桂叶素馨、南沙参、蓍草、田菁、石斛、明党参、连翘、西洋参、黄芪和绞股蓝。
其中,上述原料药材的药理如下:
金银花:性寒,味甘,入肺、心、胃经,具有清热解毒、抗炎、补虚疗风的功效,主治胀满下疾、温病发热,热毒痈疡和肿瘤等症。其对于头昏头晕、口干作渴、多汗烦闷、肠炎、菌痢、麻疹、肺炎、乙脑、流脑、急性乳腺炎、败血症、阑尾炎、皮肤感染、痈疽疔疮、丹毒、腮腺炎、化脓性扁桃体炎等病症均有一定疗效。同时金银花茶有独特的减肥功能,还能抑制与杀灭咽喉部的病原菌,对老人和儿童有抗感染功效。所以经常服用金银花浸泡或煎剂有利于风火目赤、咽喉肿痛、肥胖症、肝热症和肝热型高血压的治疗与康复。
青黛:味咸,性寒,入肝经,具有清热解毒、凉血止血、清肝泻火的功效,用于温病发斑、吐血、咽喉肿痛、疱疹湿疮等热毒诸证、肝火犯肺、咳嗽胸痛、痰中带血、高热惊痫、惊风抽搐等证,青黛含靛蓝、靛玉红,有清热解毒、敛疮抗病毒的作用,对霍乱杆菌、伤寒杆菌、痢疾杆菌以及部分病毒具有抑制作用。
野菊花:性微寒,味苦、辛。《本草汇言》:“破血疏肝,解疔散毒。主妇人腹内宿血,解天行火毒丹疔。洗疮疥,又能去风杀虫。”功能清热解毒,消肿。对金黄色葡萄球菌、白喉杆菌、链球菌、绿脓杆菌、蒺疾杆菌、流感病毒,均有抑制作用。对疔疮,痈疽,丹毒,湿疹,皮炎,风热感冒,咽喉肿痛,高血压病等都有很好疗效。
青果:涩、酸、甘、平;入肝、脾、肺三经。《本草纲目》:“青果,此果虽然,其色亦青.故俗呼青果,八有色黄者不堪,病物也。”功用清肺,利咽,生津,解毒。治咽喉肿痛,烦渴,咳嗽吐血,菌痢,癫痫,解河肠毒及酒毒。种子的醇提取物给雄青果性家兔口服,有降血糖作用,其强度与D860相似而稍弱。叶喂饲动物有微弱的雌激素样作用。叶的挥发油在体外有抗菌作用。孕妇及哺乳期食青果,对婴儿大脑发育有明显的促进作用,可使婴儿变聪明。近代医学研究发现,摄入钙含量丰富的物质,可减少患结肠癌和直肠癌的危险性。
金果榄:苦,寒。归肺、大肠经。《药性考》:“解毒。咽喉痹急,口烂宜服。疽痈发背,焮赤疔瘯,蛇蝎虫伤,磨涂。治目痛,耳胀,热嗽,岚瘴,吐衄,一切外症。”《柑园小识》:“祛内外结热,遍身恶毒,消瘴疠,双单喉蛾及齿痛,切薄片含;磨涂疔疮肿毒。”功用清热解毒,利咽,消肿止痛。用于咽喉肿痛,痈疽疔毒,泄泻,痢疾,脘腹热痛。除煎汤内服外,亦可用鲜草捣烂外敷。对于外伤出血,可用干草研粉,撒布包扎;用治血瘀肿痛,以鲜草适量,捣烂外敷。
苦豆子:性味苦,寒,有毒。清热燥湿,止痛,杀虫。主治湿热泄痢,白带过多,溃疡等。从全草中提取的苦豆子总生物碱有抗炎、抗癌、抗变态反应、抗心率失常、抗溃疡、升高白细胞、平喘、解热、杀虫、镇静、镇痛、抗病毒等作用。苦豆子生物碱的药理作用:①对中枢神经系统的作用,体现在镇静催眠、镇痛及降温;②对心血管系统的作用,体现在抗心律失常、正性肌力作用,降压和降低心率作用,对心肌缺血和梗塞的保护作用,降血脂作用;③抗病毒、抗炎及免疫抑制作用,苦参总碱能抑制多种病毒繁殖.增强免疫调节功能和免疫促进作用;④抗肿瘤作用,对肝癌细胞抑制作用明显,对宫颈癌、淋巴肉瘤、肺癌也有抑制作用;⑤对平滑肌的作用,总碱和一些单体生物碱均能对抗由炎症介质诱导的离体回肠收缩,对支气管平滑肌具有松弛作用,对整体模型也有作用。
白蔹:清热解毒,散结止痛,生肌敛疮。主治疮疡肿毒,瘰疬,烫伤,湿疮,温疟,惊痫,血痢,肠风,痔漏,白带,跌打损伤,外伤出血。白蔹煎剂本身无镇痛作用,但可显著增强黑附片和炙川乌的镇痛作用,拮抗黑附片、炙川乌和炙草乌时对离体蛙心的收缩作用。体外试验对人子宫颈癌细胞培养系JTC-26有抑制作用,抑制率在90%以上。痈疽已溃者均不宜服。阴疽色淡不起,胃气弱者,也不宜服用。水浸剂(1∶3)在试管内对同心性毛癣菌、奥杜盎氏小芽胞癣菌、腹股沟和红色表皮癣菌等皮肤真菌有不同程度的抑制作用。
四季青:苦,涩,凉。《本草图经》:“烧灰,面膏涂之、治皲瘃殊效、兼灭瘢疵。”四季青治肺热咳嗽,咽喉肿痛,热淋,泻痢。本品苦寒,善于清泻肺火而解热毒。用于肺火上壅,咳嗽、咽痛以及风热感冒;或热毒下侵,小便淋沥涩痛,泄泻痢疾者,单用本品即效。四季青治感冒发热,肺热咳嗽,咽喉肿痛,小便淋沥涩痛及痢疾、腹泻病症,可单用本品一两,煎服;也可配合蒲公英、乌蔹莓、鸭拓草等同用。本品有收敛止血之效。用于外伤出血,可单用鲜叶捣敷伤口;也可用干叶研细,撒敷在伤口,外加包扎。
羊蹄:苦,性寒,归心、肝、大肠经。《日华子本草》:“治癣,杀一切虫肿毒,醋摩贴。”功效清热通便,凉血止血,杀虫止痒。主治大便秘结,吐血衄血,肠风便血,痔血、崩漏、疥癣、白秃、痈疮肿毒、跌打损伤。配侧柏叶,凉血止血,二者相须为用,治疗血热迫血妄行的出血证。配白矾,解毒杀虫疗癣,用于痈疮肿毒,湿疹疥疮,皮癣瘙痒等。羊蹄根酊剂在试管内对多种致病真菌有一定的抑制作用。羊蹄根(品种未鉴定)煎剂浓缩后酒精提取物对急性淋巴细胞型白血病、急性单核细胞型白血病和急性粒细胞型白血病患者血细胞脱氢酶都有抑制作用。与大黄相似,小剂量有收敛,大量有轻泻作用。并能反射性的利胆,亦有某些止血作用。
南沙参:味甘、微苦,性微寒,入肺、胃经。清热养阴,有润肺止咳,养胃生津的作用,主要用于阴虚肺燥、干咳少痰、劳嗽痰血,胃阴不足、口感咽燥、气管炎,百日咳,肺热咳嗽,咯痰黄稠、大便秘结、舌红少苔等证。沙参浸剂对离体蟾蜍心脏有明显的强心作用, 能使离体心的振幅增大,珊瑚菜根的乙醇提取物能使正常家兔的体温轻度下降;对因伤寒疫苗引起发热的家兔亦有降温作用;并有镇痛作用(兔牙髓电刺激法)。沙参水浸剂(1:2)在试管内对奥杜盎小芽胞癣菌、羊毛状小芽胞癣菌等致病性皮肤真菌有不同程度的抑制作用。
石斛:性微寒,味甘,归胃、肾经,具有益胃生津,滋阴清热的功效。主治阴伤津亏,口干烦渴,食少干呕,病后虚热,目暗不明等证。石斛能显著提高超氧化物歧华酶(SOD)水平,降低过氧化脂质(LPO),调节脑单胺类神经介质水平,抑制类似单胺氧化酶(MAO),起到延缓衰老的作用。石斛含有酯类成分,具有活血化瘀、扩张血管及抗血小板凝结,治疗血栓闭塞脉搏管炎,脑血栓形成,动脉硬化性闭塞等作用。石斛中提取的菲类和联苄类物质,有抗肺癌、卵巢腺癌和前髓细胞白血病的作用。石斛对肠管有兴奋作用,可使收缩幅度增加。药理试验表明,口服石斛煎剂能促进胃液分泌,帮助消化。
明党参:味甘、微苦,性微寒,归肺、脾、肝经,《本草从新》:“补肺气,通、下行,补气生津。治咳嗽喘逆,痰壅火升,久疟,淋沥,难产,经闭,泻痢由于肺热,反胃噎膈由于燥涩。”具有润肺化痰,养阴和胃,平肝解毒的功效,用于肺热咳嗽,呕吐反胃,食少口干,目赤眩晕,疔毒疮疡等证。明党参的乙酸乙酯、丙酮、甲醇提取物对体外大鼠肝匀浆上清液中过氧化脂质生成具有明显的抑制作用,其中以甲醇提取物作用最强。明党参具有促进小鼠NK活性,激活巨噬细胞Cb受体,增强机体防癌抗感染的能力。
西洋参:味甘、微苦,性寒。能补气,养阴,清火。含十余种人参皂甙、少量挥发油、糖类、氨基酸、无机元素等。能调节中枢神经系统的兴奋与抑制,以抑制较为突出;能抗疲劳、抗缺氧、增强机体适应能力;有抗心律失常、抗心肌缺血、增强心肌收缩力的作用;有促进肾上腺皮质激素分泌的作用;能增强机体免疫功能;有抗利尿及止血作用。西洋参中的皂甙可以有效增强中枢神经,达到静心凝神、消除疲劳、增强记忆力等作用,可适用于失眠、烦躁、记忆力衰退及老年痴呆等症状。西洋参作为补气保健首选药材,可以促进血清蛋白合成、骨髓蛋白合成、器官蛋白合成等,提高机体免疫力,抑制癌细胞生长,有效抵抗癌症。长服西洋参可以降低血液凝固性、抑制血小板凝聚、抗动脉粥样硬化并促进红血球生长,增加血色素。西洋参可以降低血糖、调节胰岛素分泌、促进糖代谢和脂肪代谢,对治疗糖尿病有一定辅助作用。
黄芪:甘,微温;归肺、脾、肝、肾经。《本草备要》:“黄芪,生用固表,无汗能发,有汗能止;炙用补中,益元气,壮脾胃。生血,生肌,排脓内托,疮痈圣药。痘症不起,阳虚无热者宜之。”《本草正义》:“黄芪,补益中土,温养脾胃,凡中气不振,脾土虚弱,清气下陷者最宜。其皮直达人之肤表肌肉,固护卫阳,充实表分,是其专长,所以表虚诸病,最为神剂。”功用固表敛汗,利水消肿,托疮排脓,通调水道。黄芪使心脏收缩能力增强,能改善全身的血液循环,能扩张冠状动脉、肾血管及拳参末梢血管、使皮肤血液循环旺盛;能提高机体的非特异免疫力,有保肝和降低血糖的作用,对葡萄球菌、血溶性链球菌、肺炎双球菌、痢疾杆菌等有抑制作用。黄芪可显著影响脾淋巴细胞信息传导,实现免疫调节作用。可用于高血压病,缺血性心脏病,急性肾小球肾炎,胃溃疡,银屑病,糖尿病,骨质疏松。《本草经疏》:“功能实表,有表邪者勿用;能助气,气实者勿用;能内塞,补不足,胸膈气闭问,肠胃有积滞者勿用;能补阳,阳盛阴虚者忌之;上焦热盛,下焦虚寒者忌之;病人多怒,肝气不和者勿服;痘疮血分热甚者禁用。”
绞股蓝:味甘、苦,性微寒;归肺经、脾经、肾经。能益气,安神,降血压,清热解毒,止咳祛痰。服绞股蓝后,肠胃蠕动加快,食欲增加耐饥渴的时间长,既治便秘又治便溏。对大脑皮层兴奋和抑制的反应能保持适当的平衡,对中枢神经有双向调节作用。具有优良的镇痛、安眠、抗紧张的功效。在降低心肌壁紧张、缓和脑血管及外周血管阻力的基础上,能增强心脑活力,加大冠状动脉流量,缓和动脉硬化,促使整体循环更加旺盛而流畅。
黄皮血藤:性味:根、藤:微辛,微温。果:甘、酸,温。主治:根、藤:祛风除湿,活血止痛。用于风湿骨痛,脉管炎,跌打损伤,胃痛,骨折。果:敛肺止咳,止汗涩精。用于肺虚喘咳,自汗,盗汗,遗精。
蕨萁:性味: 苦、涩,凉。主治:清热解毒,消肿散结。用于肺脓疡,眼结膜炎;外用治跌打损伤,蛇咬伤,颈淋巴结结核。
橘络:性味:甘苦,平。归经:《本草再新》:"入肝、脾二经。"主治:通络,理气,化痰,治经络气滞,久咳胸痛,痰中带血,伤酒口渴。①《日华子本草》:"治渴及吐酒,炒煎汤次甚验。"②《纲目拾遗》:"通经络滞气、脉胀,驱皮里膜外积痰,活血。"③《本草求原》:"通经络,舒气,化痰,燥胃去秽,和血脉。"④《四川中药志》:"化痰通络,治肺劳咳痰、咳血及湿热客于经隧等症。"
绒背蓟:性味: 微辛,温。主治:祛风,除湿,止痛。用于风湿性关节炎,四肢麻木。
田菁:性味:辛、苦,平。主治:消炎,止痛。主治胸腹炎,高热,关节挫伤,关节痛。
桂叶素馨:性味:苦,寒。主治:清热解毒,消炎利尿,消肿散瘀。主治痢疾,尿路感染,膀胱炎,肾炎水肿,跌打损伤,扭挫伤。
千里光:性味:苦,平。有小毒。功效:清热解毒,清肝明目。临床应用:用于疮疖肿毒,皮肤湿疹及痢疾腹痛等病症。本品功能清热解毒,对于疮疖肿痛,治皮肤湿疹瘙痒。
白茅根:性味:甘,寒。归经:归肺、胃、膀胱经。主治:凉血止血,清热利尿。用于血热吐血,衄血,尿血,热病烦渴,黄疸,水肿,热淋涩痛;急性肾炎水肿。 连翘:性味与归经:苦,微寒。入心、胆经。功效:清热解毒。用于外感风热或温病初起。用于热病有高热、烦燥、口渴或发斑疹等症。清热解毒,无论气分热或血分热,都可应用。以上诸症,系热邪炽盛,入于营血所致
蓍草:性味:辛、苦,平。主治:解毒消肿,止血,止痛。用于风湿疼痛,牙痛,经闭腹痛,胃痛,肠炎,痢疾;外用治毒蛇咬伤,痈疖肿毒,跌打损伤,外伤出血。
石萝藦:性味: 苦,凉。主治:清热解毒。用于肝炎,风火眼痛。
十萼茄:性味:涩,凉。主治:祛痰止咳,清热解毒。叶:咳嗽气喘;全株:狂犬病,外用治疔疮红肿,外伤出血。
散瘀草:性味:苦,寒。主治:消炎,凉血,接骨。用于支气管炎,扁桃腺炎,肺热咳血,疮,疖,乳腺炎,脱肛,痔疮,肿瘤,外伤出血,烧烫伤,骨折。
其中,所述中药制剂中各原料药材的重量份数比为:黄皮血藤10~20份、蕨萁15~35份、橘络12~28份、白茅根7~20份、十萼茄14~32份、苦豆子3~7份、金银花15~30份、青黛10~35份、野菊花18~36份、石萝藦13~27份、青果12~28份、千里光3~7份、金果榄15~30份、白蔹18~38份、绒背蓟13~26份、四季青14~24份、散瘀草16~28份、羊蹄8~20份、桂叶素馨12~28份、南沙参14~29份、蓍草12~26份、田菁10~30份、石斛12~24份、明党参10~30份、连翘13~24份、西洋参15~28份、黄芪15~35份和绞股蓝12~32份。
其中,所述中药制剂中各原料药材的重量份数比为:黄皮血藤12~20份、蕨萁15~30份、橘络14~28份、白茅根7~18份、十萼茄15~30份、苦豆子4~6份、金银花16~30份、青黛12~32份、野菊花20~34份、石萝藦14~23份、青果14~25份、千里光3~5份、金果榄16~28份、白蔹18~33份、绒背蓟15~24份、四季青15~22份、散瘀草18~25份、羊蹄10~20份、桂叶素馨14~23份、南沙参15~25份、蓍草15~24份、田菁12~30份、石斛14~20份、明党参13~25份、连翘15~22份、西洋参15~24份、黄芪15~32份和绞股蓝14~30份。
其中,所述中药制剂中各原料药材的重量份数比为:黄皮血藤14份、蕨萁25份、橘络22份、白茅根10份、十萼茄20份、苦豆子4份、金银花26份、青黛30份、野菊花32份、石萝藦22份、青果20份、千里光3份、金果榄25份、白蔹30份、绒背蓟23份、四季青20份、散瘀草25份、羊蹄11份、桂叶素馨23份、南沙参25份、蓍草22份、田菁28份、石斛16份、明党参24份、连翘20份、西洋参18份、黄芪30份和绞股蓝25份。
其中,所述中药制剂中各原料药材的重量份数比为:黄皮血藤13份、蕨萁22份、橘络25份、白茅根7份、十萼茄28份、苦豆子5份、金银花28份、青黛30份、野菊花31份、石萝藦22份、青果25份、千里光4份、金果榄25份、白蔹30份、绒背蓟24份、四季青20份、散瘀草24份、羊蹄20份、桂叶素馨22份、南沙参18份、蓍草22份、田菁25份、石斛18份、明党参23份、连翘21份、西洋参20份、黄芪30份和绞股蓝22份。
其中,所述中药制剂中各原料药材的重量份数比为:黄皮血藤18份、蕨萁20份、橘络23份、白茅根15份、十萼茄26份、苦豆子6份、金银花26份、青黛28份、野菊花32份、石萝藦21份、青果23份、千里光5份、金果榄25份、白蔹31份、绒背蓟21份、四季青20份、散瘀草23份、羊蹄13份、桂叶素馨20份、南沙参22份、蓍草24份、田菁28份、石斛16份、明党参24份、连翘21份、西洋参20份、黄芪31份和绞股蓝18份。
其中,当所述中药制剂的剂型为喷雾剂时,其制备方法包括以下步骤,
第一步,将所述原料药材按比例混合,放入超微粉碎机中粉碎成0.1~10μm体积平均粒径的微米级颗粒和粒径小于0.1μm体积平均粒径的纳米级颗粒组成的混合粉料,所述混合粉料的得粉率至少为95%;
第二步,在第一步获得的混合粉料中加入相对于所述混合粉料的质量3~5倍的醇浓度为85%~95%的乙醇,搅拌溶解获得乙醇溶液,将乙醇溶液在5℃~10℃的条件下静置24~36小时,采用渗漉法以每分钟1~2ml的速度缓缓渗漉,收集渗漉液,浓缩并干燥,并在此放入超微粉碎机中粉碎40~60分钟,获得0.1~10μm体积平均粒径的微米级颗粒和粒径小于0.1μm体积平均粒径的纳米级颗粒组成的混合粉料,所述混合粉料的得粉率至少为95%;
第三步,在第二步获得的混合粉料中加入相对于混合粉料质量2~3倍的去离子水,煎煮2~4小时,过滤,获得药汁。
其中,当所述中药剂型的剂型为膏剂时,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将所述原料药材按比例混合,加水煎煮2~4次,每次1~3小时,每次加入8~10倍量的水,煎煮液过滤,合并各次的过滤液,加入醇浓度为80%~95%的乙醇至醇含量为40%~50%,静置3~5小时,过滤,滤液浓缩,干燥并粉碎,获得混合粉末,过200目筛,采用紫外灯照射1~2小时灭菌;
第二步,相对于第一步获得的100重量份所述混合粉末,将1重量份~3重量份硬脂酸、0.5重量份~1.5重量份十八烷基醇、0.5重量份~1.5重量份单硬脂酸甘油酯、3重量份~5重量份液状石蜡、8重量份~10重量份二甲基硅油混合加热至75℃~85℃,在不断搅拌下加入1重量份~3重量份维生素E溶解,获得油相;
第三步,相对于第一步获得的100重量份所述混合粉末,将0.5重量份~1.5重量份十二烷基硫酸钠、0.5重量份~1.5重量份三乙醇胺、1重量份~2重量份羟苯乙酯、1000重量份~1500重量份蒸馏水混合加热至75℃~85℃,获得水相;
第四步,将第二步获得的油相在不断搅拌下缓慢加入第三步获得的水相中,充分搅拌30分钟~1小时,使乳化,在60℃~70℃的温度下加入第一步获得的混合粉末,搅拌均匀,分装。
其中,当所述中药的剂型为片剂时,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将所述中药各原料药材按比例混合,加入相对于混合物质量3~5倍的醇浓度为85%~95%的乙醇,加热回流4~6小时,提取,过滤获得第一提取液;过滤获得的药渣再加入相对于所述药渣质量2~4倍的醇浓度为90%~95%的乙醇,加热回流1~3小时,提取,过滤获得第二提取液;将第一提取液和第二提取液合并,减压浓缩除去乙醇溶剂,干燥,获得干膏;
第二步,将第一步获得的干膏放置在超微粉碎机中粉碎1~3小时,粉碎,过筛,获得400目~500目的超微细粉;
第三步,将第二步获得的超微细粉,加入相对于其质量0.1~0.2倍的微晶纤维素、0.15~0.3倍乳糖、0.2~0.3倍的淀粉,过筛,混合均匀,制粒,干燥,加入相对于超微细粉质量0.025~0.04倍硬脂酸镁,整粒,压片,制成。
实施例1 喷雾剂
本发明喷雾剂的制作过程为:取黄皮血藤140g、蕨萁250g、橘络220g、白茅根100g、十萼茄200g、苦豆子40g、金银花260g、青黛300g、野菊花320g、石萝藦220g、青果200g、千里光30g、金果榄250g、白蔹300g、绒背蓟230g、四季青200g、散瘀草250g、羊蹄110g、桂叶素馨230g、南沙参250g、蓍草220g、田菁280g、石斛160g、明党参240g、连翘200g、西洋参180g、黄芪300g和绞股蓝250g;
第一步,将所述原料药材按比例混合,放入超微粉碎机中粉碎成0.7μm体积平均粒径的微米级颗粒和粒径小于0.1μm体积平均粒径的纳米级颗粒组成的混合粉料,所述混合粉料的得粉率至少为95%;
第二步,在第一步获得的混合粉料中加入相对于所述混合粉料的质量3倍的醇浓度为90%的乙醇,搅拌溶解获得乙醇溶液,将乙醇溶液在8℃的条件下静置24小时,采用渗漉法以每分钟2ml的速度缓缓渗漉,收集渗漉液,浓缩并干燥,并在此放入超微粉碎机中粉碎45分钟,获得0.7μm体积平均粒径的微米级颗粒和粒径小于0.1μm体积平均粒径的纳米级颗粒组成的混合粉料,所述混合粉料的得粉率至少为95%;
第三步,在第二步获得的混合粉料中加入相对于混合粉料质量3倍的去离子水,煎煮4小时,过滤,获得药汁。
实施例2 膏剂
本发明外涂膏剂的制作过程为:取黄皮血藤130g、蕨萁220g、橘络250g、白茅根70g、十萼茄280g、苦豆子50g、金银花280g、青黛300g、野菊花310g、石萝藦220g、青果250g、千里光40g、金果榄250g、白蔹300g、绒背蓟240g、四季青200g、散瘀草240g、羊蹄200g、桂叶素馨220g、南沙参180g、蓍草220g、田菁250g、石斛180g、明党参230g、连翘210g、西洋参200g、黄芪300g和绞股蓝220g;
第一步,将所述原料药材按比例混合,加水煎煮3次,每次2小时,每次加入10倍量的水,煎煮液过滤,合并各次的过滤液,加入醇浓度为85%的乙醇至醇含量为45%,静置5小时,过滤,滤液浓缩,干燥并粉碎,获得混合粉末,过200目筛,采用紫外灯照射1.5小时灭菌;
第二步,相对于第一步获得的100重量份所述混合粉末,将2重量份硬脂酸、1.5重量份十八烷基醇、0.7重量份单硬脂酸甘油酯、5重量份液状石蜡、10重量份二甲基硅油混合加热至85℃,在不断搅拌下加入2重量份维生素E溶解,获得油相;
第三步,相对于第一步获得的100重量份所述混合粉末,将1重量份十二烷基硫酸钠、1.5重量份三乙醇胺、2重量份羟苯乙酯、1200重量份蒸馏水混合加热至85℃,获得水相;
第四步,将第二步获得的油相在不断搅拌下缓慢加入第三步获得的水相中,充分搅拌40小时,使乳化,在65℃的温度下加入第一步获得的混合粉末,搅拌均匀,分装。
实施例3 片剂
本发明口服片剂的制作过程为:取黄皮血藤180g、蕨萁200g、橘络230g、白茅根150g、十萼茄260g、苦豆子60g、金银花260g、青黛280g、野菊花320g、石萝藦210g、青果230g、千里光50g、金果榄250g、白蔹310g、绒背蓟210g、四季青200g、散瘀草230g、羊蹄130g、桂叶素馨200g、南沙参220g、蓍草240g、田菁280g、石斛160g、明党参240g、连翘210g、西洋参200g、黄芪310g和绞股蓝180g;
第一步,将所述中药各原料药材按比例混合,加入相对于混合物质量5倍的醇浓度为905%的乙醇,加热回流4小时,提取,过滤获得第一提取液;过滤获得的药渣再加入相对于所述药渣质量4倍的醇浓度为90%的乙醇,加热回流3小时,提取,过滤获得第二提取液;将第一提取液和第二提取液合并,减压浓缩除去乙醇溶剂,干燥,获得干膏;
第二步,将第一步获得的干膏放置在超微粉碎机中粉碎2小时,粉碎,过筛,获得500目的超微细粉;
第三步,将第二步获得的超微细粉,加入相对于其质量0.2倍的微晶纤维素、0.2倍乳糖、0.3倍的淀粉,过筛,混合均匀,制粒,干燥,加入相对于超微细粉质量0.04倍硬脂酸镁,整粒,压片,制成。
急性毒性实验:
急性毒性试验:应用NIH小鼠40只,SPF级,雌雄各半,体重18~25g,进行急性毒性试验。小鼠随机分为两组,每组20只,即对照组和给药组,实验前禁食12小时;将本发明的实施例3制备的片剂溶解在水中,(浓度为5.74g生药/ml,最高浓度)灌胃,灌胃容积为5ml/kg(即单次给药剂量为28.7生药/kg),对照组给予等量生理盐水,一天给药2次,给药间隔时间6小时,给药后连续观察14天,并记录小鼠的的毒性反应及死亡数。实验结果表明:与对照组比较,给药后小鼠未见明显差异,实验连续观察14天,小鼠全身状况、饮食、饮水、体重增长均正常。小鼠口服灌胃本发明的片剂LD50>28.7生药/kg,每日最大给药量为57.4生药/kg/日。本发明的中药临床用药量为4.6g生药/日/人,成人体重以60KG计,平均用药剂量为0.077g生药/kg/日。按体重计:小鼠(平均体重以21g计)口服灌胃本发明的中药的耐受量为临床用量的745倍。因此本发明的中药急性毒性低,临床用药安全。
长期毒性实验:将本发明实施例2的膏剂对小鼠按6.43、15.72和36.41g生药/kg连续用药16周(1.0ml/100g体重,每天2次)及停药4周后,结果表明:本发明中药制剂对小鼠的毛发、行为、大小便、体重、脏器重量、血象、肝肾功能、血糖、血脂等指标均无明显影响,脏器肉眼没有发现异样变化和组织学检查结果表明,用药16周及停药4周后,小鼠各脏器均无明显改变。说明本发明中药制剂对小鼠长期用药后毒性小,停药后也没有异样反应,应用安全。
急性皮肤刺激性试验:该品依据卫生部《化妆品卫生规范》 (2002)第二部分“皮肤刺激性/腐蚀性试验”中6.3节,日本大耳白兔雄性4只,体重2kg~3kg,按照上述“急性经皮毒性试验”的方法,制备涂料,然后取0.5g直接涂抹在动物左侧皮肤上(另一侧作为对照),采用封闭试验,敷用时间4小时,试验结束后用温水冲洗残留受试物,于除去受试物后1h、24h、48h和72h分别观察动物受试区和对照区的皮肤反应,最高积分均值为“0”,判断该品对动物皮肤无刺激性。
过敏试验:取健康白色豚鼠18只,体重250-300g,雌雄兼用,试验前剔除两侧背毛,每侧3×3cm,随机分为试验组、空白对照组(基质)和阳性对照组。阳性对照组用2,4-二硝基氯苯,致敏用1%浓度,激发用0.1%浓度。取本发明实施例1的喷雾剂喷涂于背部去毛区,隔日1次,共3次。于末次接触后14天,在背部同一区域涂抹本品0.1g,6h后去除药品后即刻观察,并于24、48、72h观察有无过敏反应。空白对照组和阳性对照组用同法激发接触和观察。试验结果:阳性对照组动物皮肤在致敏1小时后即出现局限性红斑和轻微水肿,24小时过敏反应症状加重,并有硬结形成,致敏率为100%,试验组和空白对照组动物皮肤均未出现任何过敏反应症状,致敏率为0%。
临床资料:
病例选择:取来源于本院皮肤科病人的280例火毒伤津型烧伤患者,男142人,女138人;年龄12~68岁,平均年龄35岁;病史5个月~17个月;烧伤面积1%-20%,平均面积为8%;大部分为蒸汽烫伤,少数为电火花及火焰烧伤;Ⅰ度烧伤110例,男51例,女49例;Ⅱ度烧伤126例,男50例,女47例;Ⅲ度烧伤44例,男41例,女42例;全部患者均无烧伤史。280例患者随机分为中药治疗组和西药对照组,中药治疗组210人,男109人,女101人;西药对照组70人,男33人,女37人。
诊断标准:
参照中华人民共和国中医药行业标准《中医病证诊断疗效标准》和1970年中华学会烧伤外科分会制定的中国九分法、三度四分法与手掌法进行烧伤面积与深度的诊断。
主要症状:局部皮肤肿胀、灼痛、表皮松解或剥脱;创面红肿疼痛,水疱形成,基底红,红白相间苍白,壮热烦躁,口干欲饮,大便秘结,小便短赤而短少;舌质红,苔黄躁,脉洪或舌光无苔,弦细数。
次要症状:受伤重时可伴口干、发热、烦躁等全身症状。
主要体征:按三度四级分类法,判断烧伤面积及深度。
Ⅰ度烧伤(红斑型):皮肤伤处红、肿、热、痛,表面干燥,局部感觉过敏,不起水泡,常有烧灼感。2-3天后脱痂痊愈,无瘢痕。
Ⅱ度烧伤(水疱型):根据伤及皮肤深度,Ⅱ度烧伤分为浅Ⅱ度烧伤和深Ⅱ度烧伤。 浅Ⅱ度烧伤:剧痛,感觉过敏,有水疱,基底呈均匀红色、潮湿,局部肿胀,1-2周愈合,无瘢痕,有色素沉着。深Ⅱ度烧伤:痛觉迟钝,水疱或有或无,揭去表皮,基底苍白,间有红色斑点、潮湿,水肿明显。3-4周愈合,可遗留少量瘢痕。
Ⅲ度烧伤(焦痂型):痛觉消失,无弹力,坚硬如皮革样,蜡白焦黄或碳化,干燥。干后皮下筋脉阻塞如树子状。2-4周焦痂脱落形成肉芽创面,一般均需植皮才能愈合,可形成瘢痕和瘢痕挛缩。
治疗方法:
中药治疗组中:
喷雾剂治疗组:使用本发明实施例1制备的喷雾剂,每日2次,早晚各一次,每30天为1个疗程;
膏剂治疗组:使用本发明实施例2制备的膏剂,每日2次,早晚各一次,每30天为一个疗程;
片剂治疗组:使用本发明实施例3制备的片剂,每日3次,每次1片,每30天为一个疗程。
西药对照组:使用利多卡因氯己定气雾剂,每日2次,一日3次,每30天为1个疗程;
疗效评价标准:
参照《中医病证诊断疗效标准》中“中医外科病证诊断疗效标准”进行疗效评估。治愈:全身症状消失,创面愈合,局部痒痛症状消失,无明显疤痕增生,经治疗后基本软化,色泽接近正常皮肤。显效:全身症状消失,创面未完全愈合,局部痒痛症状明显缓解,疤痕绝大部分软化,有轻度色素沉着或减退。好转:全身症状消失,创面未完全愈合,局部痒痛症状明显缓解,疤痕部分软化,有轻度色素沉着或减退。无效:发热或低热不退、口干、烦躁减轻不明显,创面感染不能控制,未能愈合,局部痛痒症状无明显缓解,疤痕增生明显。
治疗结果:
参见表1和表2,从表1可以看出,采用本发明的中药治疗火毒伤津型烧伤,相对于西药在治疗效果上,具有显著的改进;从表2可以看出,采用本发明的中药治疗火毒伤津型烧伤,相对于西药,在治疗疗程上显著缩短。
表1各组分别治疗4个疗程后临床疗效比较 例
组别 | 例数 | 治愈数 | 显效数 | 好转数 | 无效数 | 总有效率(%) |
喷雾剂治疗组 | 70 | 31 | 33 | 6 | 0 | 100% |
膏剂治疗组 | 70 | 32 | 34 | 4 | 0 | 100% |
片剂治疗组 | 70 | 30 | 31 | 8 | 1 | 98.5% |
西药治疗组 | 70 | 14 | 19 | 27 | 10 | 85.7% |
表2 四组分别治疗4个疗程后治愈、显效和好转人数和时间比较 例(%)
组别 | 例数 | 第1个疗程 | 第2个疗程 | 第3个疗程 | 第4个疗程 |
喷雾剂治疗组 | 70 | 14(20%) | 17(24.3%) | 19(27.1%) | 20(28.6%) |
膏剂治疗组 | 70 | 15(21.4%) | 16(22.9%) | 18(25.7%) | 21(30%) |
片剂治疗组 | 69 | 13(18.8%) | 17(24.6%) | 18(26.1%) | 21(30.4%) |
西药治疗组 | 60 | 5(8.3%) | 7(11.7%) | 9(15%) | 39(65%) |
根据上述表格内的临床统计可知,本发明提供的中药具有起效快、有效率高、疗效确切、安全性高、无毒副作用;同时对治疗组治愈、显效和好转人数的209例以及西药治疗组治愈、显效和好转的60例患者随访1年半,结果统计,喷雾剂治疗组70例中治愈31例和显效33例都无复发,好转的6例中复发1例,复发率为1.4%;膏剂治疗组70例中治愈32例、显效34例、好转的4例均无复发,复发率为0%;片剂治疗组69例中治愈30例无复发,显效31例中复发1例,好转的8例中复发2例,复发率为4.3%;西药治疗组治愈、显效和好转人数60例,治愈的14例患者中复发5例,显效的19例患者中复发7例,好转的27例中复发11例,复发率38.3%;上述复发是指患者治疗效果达到治愈、显效或好转后,在随访的1年半中烧伤皮肤没有出现瘢痕增生、色素印痕等情况。
典型病例:王某,女性,48岁,因不慎烧伤脸部局部皮肤,感到皮肤有灼痛感,并且伴随表皮松解,创面红肿疼痛现象,随后又出现水疱形成,基底红,红白相间苍白,壮热烦躁,口干欲饮,大便秘结,小便短赤而短少;舌质红,苔黄躁,脉洪,弦细数。经初步检查和中医望、闻、问、切进一步确诊为火毒伤津型烧伤。服用本发明中药制剂实施例2的膏剂,每日2次,早晚各一次,治疗2个月基本治愈,继续服药半个月治愈,随访1年半未复发,烧伤皮肤肤色基本与正色肤色一样。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种治疗火毒伤津型烧伤的中药制剂,其特征在于,包括以下原料药材:黄皮血藤、蕨萁、橘络、白茅根、十萼茄、苦豆子、金银花、青黛、野菊花、石萝藦、青果、千里光、金果榄、白蔹、绒背蓟、四季青、散瘀草、羊蹄、桂叶素馨、南沙参、蓍草、田菁、石斛、明党参、连翘、西洋参、黄芪和绞股蓝。
2.根据权利要求1所述的治疗火毒伤津型烧伤的中药制剂,其特征在于,所述中药制剂中各原料药材的重量份数比为:黄皮血藤10~20份、蕨萁15~35份、橘络12~28份、白茅根7~20份、十萼茄14~32份、苦豆子3~7份、金银花15~30份、青黛10~35份、野菊花18~36份、石萝藦13~27份、青果12~28份、千里光3~7份、金果榄15~30份、白蔹18~38份、绒背蓟13~26份、四季青14~24份、散瘀草16~28份、羊蹄8~20份、桂叶素馨12~28份、南沙参14~29份、蓍草12~26份、田菁10~30份、石斛12~24份、明党参10~30份、连翘13~24份、西洋参15~28份、黄芪15~35份和绞股蓝12~32份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的治疗火毒伤津型烧伤的中药制剂,其特征在于,所述中药制剂中各原料药材的重量份数比为:黄皮血藤12~20份、蕨萁15~30份、橘络14~28份、白茅根7~18份、十萼茄15~30份、苦豆子4~6份、金银花16~30份、青黛12~32份、野菊花20~34份、石萝藦14~23份、青果14~25份、千里光3~5份、金果榄16~28份、白蔹18~33份、绒背蓟15~24份、四季青15~22份、散瘀草18~25份、羊蹄10~20份、桂叶素馨14~23份、南沙参15~25份、蓍草15~24份、田菁12~30份、石斛14~20份、明党参13~25份、连翘15~22份、西洋参15~24份、黄芪15~32份和绞股蓝14~30份。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的治疗火毒伤津型烧伤的中药制剂及其制备方法,其特征在于,所述中药制剂中各原料药材的重量份数比为:黄皮血藤14份、蕨萁25份、橘络22份、白茅根10份、十萼茄20份、苦豆子4份、金银花26份、青黛30份、野菊花32份、石萝藦22份、青果20份、千里光3份、金果榄25份、白蔹30份、绒背蓟23份、四季青20份、散瘀草25份、羊蹄11份、桂叶素馨23份、南沙参25份、蓍草22份、田菁28份、石斛16份、明党参24份、连翘20份、西洋参18份、黄芪30份和绞股蓝25份。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的治疗火毒伤津型烧伤的中药制剂,其特征在于,所述中药制剂中各原料药材的重量份数比为:黄皮血藤13份、蕨萁22份、橘络25份、白茅根7份、十萼茄28份、苦豆子5份、金银花28份、青黛30份、野菊花31份、石萝藦22份、青果25份、千里光4份、金果榄25份、白蔹30份、绒背蓟24份、四季青20份、散瘀草24份、羊蹄20份、桂叶素馨22份、南沙参18份、蓍草22份、田菁25份、石斛18份、明党参23份、连翘21份、西洋参20份、黄芪30份和绞股蓝22份。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的治疗火毒伤津型烧伤的中药制剂,其特征在于,所述中药制剂中各原料药材的重量份数比为:黄皮血藤18份、蕨萁20份、橘络23份、白茅根15份、十萼茄26份、苦豆子6份、金银花26份、青黛28份、野菊花32份、石萝藦21份、青果23份、千里光5份、金果榄25份、白蔹31份、绒背蓟21份、四季青20份、散瘀草23份、羊蹄13份、桂叶素馨20份、南沙参22份、蓍草24份、田菁28份、石斛16份、明党参24份、连翘21份、西洋参20份、黄芪31份和绞股蓝18份。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的治疗火毒伤津型烧伤的中药制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,当所述中药制剂的剂型为喷雾剂时,其制备方法包括以下步骤,
第一步,将所述原料药材按比例混合,放入超微粉碎机中粉碎成0.1~10μm体积平均粒径的微米级颗粒和粒径小于0.1μm体积平均粒径的纳米级颗粒组成的混合粉料,所述混合粉料的得粉率至少为95%;
第二步,在第一步获得的混合粉料中加入相对于所述混合粉料的质量3~5倍的醇浓度为85%~95%的乙醇,搅拌溶解获得乙醇溶液,将乙醇溶液在5℃~10℃的条件下静置24~36小时,采用渗漉法以每分钟1~2ml的速度缓缓渗漉,收集渗漉液,浓缩并干燥,并在此放入超微粉碎机中粉碎40~60分钟,获得0.1~10μm体积平均粒径的微米级颗粒和粒径小于0.1μm体积平均粒径的纳米级颗粒组成的混合粉料,所述混合粉料的得粉率至少为95%;
第三步,在第二步获得的混合粉料中加入相对于混合粉料质量2~3倍的去离子水,煎煮2~4小时,过滤,获得药汁。
8.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的治疗火毒伤津型烧伤的中药制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,当所述中药剂型的剂型为膏剂时,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将所述原料药材按比例混合,加水煎煮2~4次,每次1~3小时,每次加入8~10倍量的水,煎煮液过滤,合并各次的过滤液,加入醇浓度为80%~95%的乙醇至醇含量为40%~50%,静置3~5小时,过滤,滤液浓缩,干燥并粉碎,获得混合粉末,过200目筛,采用紫外灯照射1~2小时灭菌;
第二步,相对于第一步获得的100重量份所述混合粉末,将1重量份~3重量份硬脂酸、0.5重量份~1.5重量份十八烷基醇、0.5重量份~1.5重量份单硬脂酸甘油酯、3重量份~5重量份液状石蜡、8重量份~10重量份二甲基硅油混合加热至75℃~85℃,在不断搅拌下加入1重量份~3重量份维生素E溶解,获得油相;
第三步,相对于第一步获得的100重量份所述混合粉末,将0.5重量份~1.5重量份十二烷基硫酸钠、0.5重量份~1.5重量份三乙醇胺、1重量份~2重量份羟苯乙酯、1000重量份~1500重量份蒸馏水混合加热至75℃~85℃,获得水相;
第四步,将第二步获得的油相在不断搅拌下缓慢加入第三步获得的水相中,充分搅拌30分钟~1小时,使乳化,在60℃~70℃的温度下加入第一步获得的混合粉末,搅拌均匀,分装。
9.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的治疗火毒伤津型烧伤的中药制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,当所述中药的剂型为片剂时,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,将所述中药制剂中各原料药材按比例混合,加入相对于混合物质量3~5倍的醇浓度为85%~95%的乙醇,加热回流4~6小时,提取,过滤获得第一提取液;过滤获得的药渣再加入相对于所述药渣质量2~4倍的醇浓度为90%~95%的乙醇,加热回流1~3小时,提取,过滤获得第二提取液;将第一提取液和第二提取液合并,减压浓缩除去乙醇溶剂,干燥,获得干膏;
第二步,将第一步获得的干膏放置在超微粉碎机中粉碎1~3小时,粉碎,过筛,获得400目~500目的超微细粉;
第三步,将第二步获得的超微细粉,加入相对于其质量0.1~0.2倍的微晶纤维素、0.15~0.3倍乳糖、0.2~0.3倍的淀粉,过筛,混合均匀,制粒,干燥,加入相对于超微细粉质量0.025~0.04倍硬脂酸镁,整粒,压片,制成。
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