CN104147480A - 一种止痛的外用中药组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种止痛的外用中药组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种止痛的外用中药组合物及其制备方法。该中药组合物是由如下中药原料制备而成的:防己、丝瓜络、生地黄、木瓜、灯心草、甘草、木通、红花、金樱子、五味子、天冬、竹茹、地骨皮、牛蒡子、防风、枳实、柏子仁、槐角、香附、巴戟天、覆盆子、车前草、刺玫果、高良姜、枳棋子、马齿苋、鲜芦根、吴茱萸、厚朴、墨旱莲、蒲黄、蒺藜、金荞麦、天山雪莲、牛蒡根。本发明中药组合物,特别是制备成外用制剂时,能更有效解除关节、软组织损伤及无名肿痛等引起的疼痛。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及药物领域,具体涉及一种止痛的外用中药组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
疼痛是几乎所有人都经历过的感觉。软组织损伤是骨伤科临床的常见病、多发病。由于人体某部位受暴力打击,筋脉破损、血溢脉外、气血凝滞、流通不畅导致伤筋肿胀、疼痛。创伤性血肿或炎性反应物刺激局部末梢神经引起人感觉到的疼痛。一般采用活血化瘀、行气止痛进行对症治疗。
在现代社会,无名疼痛是令许多人困感的一种体验,已严重影响到人们的生活和工作质量,严重时会出现合并症。疼痛一般是由于损伤或炎症导致的身体某部位组织发出的警告信号,因一些疼痛查不到原因,无适当名称,故名无名疼痛。由于暂时查找不到病症的根本原因,不能对症治疗,疼痛又已经严重影响到患者的日常生活、工作,此时就需要寻找一种可以暂时解除痛苦的治疗方法。
通常患者会服用以下止痛进行紧急镇痛:
第一类:非甾体镇痛药。代表药物有阿司匹林和芬必得等。此类药物有造成胃出血的可能,所以有严重胃病的病人不适合使用。近年来随着制药工业发展,一些新兴的非甾体类药物大大降低了胃肠道的副反应,但有严重胃病还是要谨慎选用;
第二类:以曲马多为代表的中枢止痛药。此类药物对于胃肠道的刺激较小,而且没有成瘾性,可供无法耐受非甾体类药物的患者选用。但其止痛作用较强,只能作为二线药物选用;
第三类:阿片类止痛药,如杜冷丁、吗啡等。此类药物镇痛作用强大,有极强的成瘾性。
非甾体镇痛药是日常使用最多的止痛药,但是也有许多不良反应。比如,对胃肠道的不良反应、对肾脏的不良反应、还有皮肤搔痒、药物性皮疹、荨麻疹、轻微头痛、头晕、耳鸣、嗜睡等,少数病人还可出现水肿、血压升高、心悸等。对于老年患者,使用非甾体类消炎止痛药的时候,各种药物不良反应发生率更高。
长期服用上述止痛药会造成对止痛药的依赖性,一不吃就会药瘾发作,出现头痛加剧、周身不适、焦虑、烦躁、失眠多梦、厌食、恶心、呕吐等戒断反应,使病人难以忍受,致使病人须臾也离不了,结果更加危及到患者的健康。
因此,在无名肿痛发作时,较好的选择是采用中药外用制剂,没有依赖性,不会对胃肠道造成刺激,没有严重的不良反应。可是现有的外用中药制剂镇痛止痛效果及起效时间不及西药,所以还没有得到推广使用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种止痛的外用中药组合物;
本发明的另一目的是提供一种止痛的外用中药组合物的制备方法。
本发明的目的是通过下列的技术方案实现的:
本发明所述的止痛的外用中药组合物,它是由如下重量份的原料制备而成的:
防己4-8份、丝瓜络8-12份、生地黄6-10份、木瓜7-11份、灯心草4-8份、甘草4-8份、木通3-7份、红花6-10份、金樱子6-10份、五味子6-10份、天冬4-8份、竹茹6-10份、地骨皮6-10份、牛蒡子7-11份、防风4-8份、枳实4-8份、柏子仁4-8份、槐角3-7份、香附6-10份、巴戟天3-7份、覆盆子4-8份、车前草3-7份、刺玫果4-8份、高良姜3-7份、枳棋子6-10份、马齿苋4-8份、鲜芦根6-10份、吴茱萸4-8份、厚朴3-7份、墨旱莲6-10份、蒲黄4-8份、蒺藜4-8份、金荞麦4-8份、天山雪莲2-4份、牛蒡根6-10份;
优选地,是由如下重量份的原料制备而成的:
防己7份、丝瓜络11份、生地黄7份、木瓜10份、灯心草5份、甘草5份、木通6份、红花6份、金樱子7份、五味子7份、天冬7份、竹茹7份、地骨皮8份、牛蒡子8份、防风7份、枳实7份、柏子仁5份、槐角4份、香附7份、巴戟天6份、覆盆子6份、车前草4份、刺玫果5份、高良姜6份、枳棋子7份、马齿苋5份、鲜芦根9份、吴茱萸7份、厚朴6份、墨旱莲7份、蒲黄7份、蒺藜7份、金荞麦5份、天山雪莲2份、牛蒡根9份。
以下是本发明中药制剂的药材来源及主要功效:
防己:为防己科植物粉防己Stephania tetrandra S.Moore的干燥根。秋季采挖,洗净,除去粗皮,晒至半干,切段,个大者再纵切,干燥。【性味与归经】苦,寒。归膀胱、肺经。【功能与主治】祛风止痛,利水消肿。用于风湿痹痛,水肿脚气,小便不利,湿疹疮毒。
丝瓜络:为葫芦科植物丝瓜Luffa cylindrica(L.)Roem.的干燥成熟果实的维管束。夏、秋二季果实成熟、果皮变黄、内部于枯时采摘,除去外皮和果肉,洗净,晒干,除去种子。【性味与归经】甘,平,归肺、胃、肝经。【功能与主治】祛风,通络,活血,下乳。用于痹痛拘挛,胸胁胀痛,乳汁不通,乳痈肿痛。
生地黄:为玄参科植物地黄Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch.的新鲜或干燥块根。秋季采挖,除去芦头、须根及泥沙,鲜用;或将地黄缓缓烘焙至约八成干。前者习称“鲜地黄”,后者习称“生地黄”。【性味与归经】甘,寒。归心、肝、肾经。【功能与主治】清热凉血,养阴生津。用于热人营血,温毒发斑,吐血衄血,热病伤阴,舌绛烦渴,津伤便秘,阴虚发热,骨蒸蒡热,内热消渴。
木瓜:为蔷薇科植物贴梗海棠Chaenomeles speciosa(Sweet)Nakai的干燥近成熟果实。夏、秋二季果实绿黄时采收,置沸水中烫至外皮灰白色,对半纵剖,晒干。【性味与归经】酸,温。归肝、脾经。【功能与主治】舒筋活络,和胃化湿。用于湿痹拘挛.腰膝关节酸重疼痛.暑湿吐泻,转筋挛痛,脚气水肿。
灯心草:为灯心草科植物灯心草Juncus effusus L.的干燥茎髓。夏末至秋季割取茎,晒干,取出茎髓,理直,扎成小把。【性味与归经】甘、淡,微寒。归心、肺、小肠经。【功能与主治】清心火,利小便。用于心烦失眠,尿少涩痛,口舌生疮。
甘草:为豆科植物甘草Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.、胀果甘草Glycyrrhiza inflate Bat.或光果甘草Glycyrrhiza glabra L.的干燥根和根茎。春,秋二季采挖,除去须根,晒干。【性味与归经】甘,平。归心、肺、脾、胃经。【功能与主治】补脾益气,清热解毒,祛痰止咳,缓急止痛,调和诸药。用于脾胃虚弱,倦怠乏力,心悸气短,咳嗽痰多,脘腹、四肢挛急疼痛,痈肿疮毒,缓解药物毒性、烈性。【注意】不宜与海藻、京大戟、红大戟、甘遂、芫花同用。
木通:为木通科植物木通Akebia quinata(Thunb.)Decne.、三叶木通Akebia trifoliata(Thunb.)Koidz.或白木通Akebia trifoliata(Thunb.)Koidz.var.australis(Diels)Rehd.的干燥藤茎。秋季采收,截取茎部,除去细枝,阴干。【性味与归经】苦,寒。归心、小肠、膀胱经。【功能与主治】利尿通淋,清心除烦,通经下乳。用于淋证,水肿,心烦尿赤,口舌生疮,经闭乳少,湿热痹痛。
红花:为菊科植物红花Carthamus tinctorius L.的干燥花。夏季花由黄变红时采摘,阴干或晒干。【性味与归经】辛,温。归心、肝经。【功能与主治】活血通经,散瘀止痛。用于经闭,痛经,恶露不行,癥瘕痞块,胸痹心痛,瘀滞腹痛,胸胁刺痛,跌扑损伤,疮疡肿痛。
金樱子:为蔷薇科植物金樱子Rosa laevigata Michx.的干燥成熟果实。10~11月果实成熟变红时采收,干燥,除去毛刺。【性味与归经】酸、甘、涩,平。归肾、膀胱、大肠经。【功能与主治】固精缩尿,固崩止带,涩肠止泻。用于遗精滑精,遗尿尿频,崩漏带下,久泻久痢。
五味子:为木兰科植物五味子Schisandra chinensis(Turcz.)Baill.的干燥成熟果实。习称“北五味子”。秋季果实成熟时采摘,晒干或蒸后晒干,除去果梗和杂质。【性味与归经】酸、甘,温。归肺、心、肾经。【功能与主治】收敛固涩,益气生津,补肾宁心。用于久嗽虚喘,梦遗滑精,遗尿尿频,久泻不止,自汗盗汗,津伤口渴,内热消渴,心悸失眠。
天冬:为百合科植物天冬Asparagus cochinchinensis(Lour.)Merr.的干燥块根。秋、冬二季采挖,洗净,除去茎基和须根,置沸水中煮或蒸至透心,趁热除去外皮,洗净,干燥。【性味与归经】甘、苦,寒。归肺、肾经。【功能与主治】养阴润燥,清肺生津。用于肺燥干咳,顿咳痰黏,腰膝酸痛,骨蒸潮热,内热消渴,热病津伤,咽干口渴,肠燥便秘。
竹茹:为禾本科植物青秆竹Bambusa tuldoides Munro、大头典竹Sinocalamus beecheyanus(Munro)McClure var.pubescens P.F.Li或淡竹Phyllostachys nigra(Lodd.)Munro var.henonis(Mitf.)Stapf ex Rendle的茎秆的干燥中间层。全年均可采制,取新鲜茎,除去外皮,将稍带绿色的中间层刮成丝条,或削成薄片,捆扎成束,阴于。前者称“散竹茹”,后者称“齐竹茹”。【性味与归经】甘,微寒。归肺、胃,心、胆经。【功能与主治】清热化痰,除烦,止呕。用于痰热咳嗽,胆火挟痰,惊悸不宁,心烦失眠,中风痰迷,舌强不语,胃热呕吐,妊娠恶阻,胎动不安。
地骨皮:为茄科植物枸杞Lycium chinense Mill.或宁夏枸杞Lycium barbarum L.的干燥根皮。春初或秋后采挖根部,洗净,剥取根皮,晒干。【性味与归经】甘,寒。归肺、肝、肾经。【功能与主治】凉血除蒸,清肺降火。用于阴虚潮热,骨蒸盗汗,肺热咳嗽,咯血,衄血,内热消渴。
牛蒡子:为菊科植物牛蒡Arctium lappa的干燥成熟果实。秋季果实成熟时采收果序,晒干,打下果实,除去杂质,再晒干。【性味与归经】辛、苦,寒。归肺、胃经。【功能与主治】疏散风热,宣肺透疹,解毒利咽。用于风热感冒,咳嗽痰多,麻疹,风疹,咽喉肿痛,痄腮,丹毒,痈肿疮毒。
防风:为伞形科植物防风Saposhnikovia divaricata(Turcz.)Schischk.的干燥根。春、秋二季采挖未抽花茎植株的根,除去须根和泥沙,晒干。【性味与归经】辛、甘,微温。归膀胱、肝、脾经。【功能与主治】祛风解表,胜湿止痛,止痉。用于感冒头痛,风湿痹痛,风疹瘙痒,破伤风。
枳实:为芸香科植物酸橙Citrus aurantium L.及其栽培变种或甜橙Citrus sinensis Osbeck的干燥幼果。5~6月收集自落的果实,除去杂质,自中部横切为两半,晒干或低温干燥,较小者直接晒干或低温干燥。【性味与归经】苦、辛、酸,微寒。归脾、胃经。【功能与主治】破气消积,化痰散痞。用于积滞内停,痞满胀痛,泻痢后重,大便不通,痰滞气阻,胸痹,结胸,脏器下垂。
柏子仁:为柏科植物侧柏Platycladus orientalis(L.)Franco的干燥成熟种仁。秋、冬二季采收成熟种子,晒干,除去种皮,收集种仁。【性味与归经】甘,平。归心、肾、大肠经。【功能与主治】养心安神,润肠通便,止汗。用于阴血不足,虚烦失眠,心悸怔忡,肠燥便秘,阴虚盗汗。
槐角:为豆科植物槐Sophora japonica L.的干燥成熟果实。冬季采收,除去杂质,干燥。【性味与归经】苦,寒。归肝、大肠经。【功能与主治】清热泻火,凉血止血。用于肠热便血,痔肿出血,肝热头痛,眩晕目赤。
香附:为莎草科植物莎草Cyperus rotundus L.的干燥根茎。秋季采挖,燎去毛须,置沸水中略煮或蒸透后晒干,或燎后直接晒干。【性味与归经】辛、微苦、微甘,平。归肝、脾、三焦经。【功能与主治】疏肝解郁,理气宽中,调经止痛。用于肝郁气滞,胸胁胀痛,疝气疼痛,乳房胀痛,脾胃气滞,脘腹痞闷,胀满疼痛,月经不调,经闭痛经。
巴戟天:为茜草科植物巴戟天Morinda officinalis How的干燥根。全年均可采挖,洗净,除去须根,晒至六七成干,轻轻捶扁,晒干。【性味与归经】甘、辛,微温。归肾、肝经。【功能与主治】补肾阳,强筋骨,祛风湿。用于阳痿遗精,宫冷不孕,月经不调,少腹冷痛,风湿痹痛,筋骨痿软。
覆盆子:为蔷薇科植物华东覆盆子Rubus chingii Hu的干燥果实。夏初果实由绿变绿黄时采收,除去梗、叶,置沸水中略烫或略蒸,取出,干燥。【性味与归经】甘、酸,温。归肝、肾、膀胱经。【功能与主治】益肾固精缩尿,养肝明目。用于遗精滑精,遗尿尿频,阳痿早泄,目暗昏花。
车前草:为车前科植物车前Plantago asiatica L.或平车前Plantago depressa Willd.的干燥全草。夏季采挖,除去泥沙,晒干。【性味与归经】甘,寒。归肝、肾、肺、小肠经。【功能与主治】清热利尿通淋,祛痰,凉血,解毒。用于热淋涩痛,水肿尿少,暑湿泄泻,痰热咳嗽,吐血衄血,痈肿疮毒。
刺玫果:蔷薇科小灌木伞花蔷薇(学名:Rosa maximowicziana Regel)的果实。被欧洲各国视为“治疗坏血病特效药”;有“维生素记录保持者”之称。【性味与归经】归肝;脾;胃;膀胱经。【功能与主治】健脾消食;活血调经;敛肺止咳。用于消化不良;食欲不振;脘腹胀痛等。
高良姜:为姜科植物高良姜Alpinia officinarum Hance的干燥根茎。夏末秋初采挖,除去须根和残留的鳞片,洗净,切段,晒干。【性味与归经】辛,热。归脾、胃经。【功能与主治】温胃止呕,散寒止痛。用于脘腹冷痛,胃寒呕吐,嗳气吞酸。
枳棋子:为鼠李科(Rhamnaceae)植物枳棋(Hovenia dulcis Thunb.)的干燥成熟植物。别名拐枣、木蜜、树蜜、鸡距子、天藤鸡爪子、棘拘、鸡爪梨等。本品能养阴、生津、润燥、止渴、凉血。中医认为有清热、利尿、解酒毒之功效,主治醉酒、烦热、口渴、呕吐、二便不利等症;其果序轴可治疗风湿;果梗可健胃、补血,用于滋养补血;叶用于死胎不出;叶液用于除狐臭。
马齿苋:为马齿苋科植物马齿苋Portulaca oleracea L.的干燥地上部分。夏、秋二季采收,除去残根和杂质,洗净,略蒸或烫后晒干。【性味与归经】酸,寒。归肝、大肠经。【功能与主治】清热解毒,凉血止血,止痢。用于热毒血痢,痈肿疗疮,湿疹,丹毒,蛇虫咬伤,便血,痔血,崩漏下血。
芦根:为禾本科植物芦苇Phragmites communis Trin.的新鲜或干燥根茎。全年均可采挖,除去芽、须根及膜状叶,鲜用或晒干。【性味与归经】甘,寒。归肺、胃经。【功能与主治】清热泻火,生津止渴,除烦,止呕,利尿。用于热病烦渴,肺热咳嗽,肺痈吐脓,胃热呕哕,热淋涩痛。
吴茱萸:为芸香科植物吴茱萸Euodia rutaecarpa(Juss.)Benth.、石虎Euodia rutaecarpa(Juss.)Benth.var.officinalis(Dode)Huang或疏毛吴茱萸Euodia rutaecarpa(Juss.)Benth.var.bodinieri(Dode)Huang的干燥近成熟果实。8~11月果实尚未开裂时,剪下果枝,晒干或低温干燥,除去枝、叶、果梗等杂质。【性味与归经】辛、苦,热;有小毒。归肝、脾、胃、肾经。【功能与主治】散寒止痛,降逆止呕,助阳止泻。用于厥阴头痛,寒疝腹痛,寒湿脚气,经行腹痛,脘腹胀痛,呕吐吞酸,五更泄泻。
厚朴:为木兰科植物厚朴Magnolia officinalis Rehd.et Wils.或凹叶厚朴Magnolia offinalisRehd.et Wils.var.biloba Rehd.et Wils.的干燥干皮、根皮及枝皮。4~6月剥取,根皮和枝皮直接阴干;干皮置沸水中微煮后,堆置阴湿处,“发汗”至内表面变紫褐色或棕褐色时,蒸软,取出,卷成筒状,干燥。【性味与归经】苦、辛,温。归脾、胃、肺、大肠经。【功能与主治】燥湿消痰,下气除满。用于湿滞伤中,脘痞吐泻,食积气滞,腹胀便秘,痰饮喘咳。
墨旱莲:为菊科植物鳢肠Eclipta prostrata L.的干燥地上部分。花开时采割,晒干。【性味与归经】甘、酸,寒。归肾、肝经。【功能与主治】滋补肝肾,凉血止血。用于肝肾阴虚,牙齿松动,须发早白,眩晕耳鸣,腰膝酸软,阴虚血热、吐血、衄血、尿血,血痢,崩漏下血,外伤出血。
蒲黄:为香蒲科植物水烛香蒲Typha angustifolia L.、东方香蒲Typha orientalis Presl或同属植物的干燥花粉。夏季采收蒲棒上部的黄色雄花序,晒干后碾轧,筛取花粉。剪取雄花后,晒干,成为带有雄花的花粉,即为草蒲黄。【性味与归经】甘、平。归肝、心包经。【功能与主治】止血,化瘀,通淋。用于吐血,衄血,咯血,崩漏,外伤出血,经闭通经,胸腹刺痛,跌扑肿痛,血淋涩痛。
蒺藜:为蒺藜科植物蒺藜Tribulus terrestris L.的干燥成熟果实。秋季果实成熟时采割植株,晒干,打下果实,除去杂质。【性味与归经】辛、苦,微温;有小毒。归肝经。【功能与主治】平肝解郁,活血祛风,明目,止痛。用于头痛眩晕,胸胁胀痛,乳闭乳痈,目赤翳障,风疹瘙痒。
金荞麦:为蓼科植物金荞麦Fagopyrum dibotrys(D.Don)Hara的干燥根茎。冬季采挖,除丢茎和须根,洗净,晒干。【性味与归经】微辛、涩,凉。归肺经。【功能与主治】清热解毒,排脓祛瘀。用于肺痈吐脓,肺热喘咳,乳蛾肿痛。
天山雪莲:本品系维吾尔族习用药材。为菊科植物天山雪莲Saussurea involucrata(Kar.etKir.)Sch.Bip.的干燥地上部分。夏、秋二季花开时采收,阴于。【性味】维吾尔医:性质,二级湿热。中医:微苦,温。【功能与主治】维吾尔医:补肾活血,强筋骨,营养神经,调节异常体液。用于风湿性关节炎,关节疼痛,肺寒咳嗽,肾与小腹冷痛,白带过多等。中医:温肾助阳,祛风胜湿,通经活血。用于风寒湿痹痛、类风湿性关节炎,小腹冷痛,月经不调。
牛蒡根:为菊科植物牛蒡Arctium lappa的干燥根部。10月间采挖2年以上的根,洗净晒干。【性味与归经】辛、苦,寒。归肺、心经。【功能与主治】祛风热,消肿毒。治风毒面肿,头晕,咽喉热肿,齿痛,咳嗽,消渴,痈疽疮疥。
本发明的另一方面是提供了本发明中药组合物的活性成分的制备方法,该方法是采用水提或40—80%体积百分浓度的乙醇回流提取。具体的制备方法如下:
方案一:取全部药材,加水提取2-3次,每次加水量相当于药材总重量的6-12倍,每次提取时间为1-3小时,合并提取液,滤过,滤液浓缩至70-80℃时相对密度为1.10-1.25的清膏,即得活性成分。
方案二:取全部药材,加水提取2-3次,每次加水量相当于药材总重量的6-12倍,每次提取时间为1-3小时,合并提取液,滤过,滤液浓缩至70-80℃时相对密度为1.05-1.20的清膏,加入乙醇,使含醇量为40-70%,静置12-24小时,滤过,滤液浓缩至70-80℃时相对密度为1.10-1.25的浸膏,即得活性成分。
方案三:取全部药材,用40-80%乙醇回流提取2-3次,每次乙醇用量为药材总量的4-10倍,提取时间为1-4小时,合并提取液,过滤,滤液浓缩至60-80℃时相对密度为1.10-1.25的浸膏,即得活性成分。
本发明所述的止痛的外用中药组合物,可以与医药学上可接受的载体配合,制成各种常用外用制剂,如搽剂、洗剂、酊剂、油剂、糊剂、(软)膏剂、粉剂等。
本发明的药学上可接受的载体包括但不限于以下:
稀释剂:蒸馏水、乙醇等。
助溶剂:甘油、山梨醇等多元醇。
防腐剂:苯甲酸、苯甲酸钠、丙酸、尼泊金类、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯等。
油脂性基质:凡士林、液状石蜡、羊毛脂、蜂蜡、动物油、植物油、单硬脂酸甘油酯、十八醇等及其混合物、
水溶性基质:甘油、海藻酸钠、卡巴浦尔树脂、淀粉明胶、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、聚乙二醇、聚乙烯醇。
促透剂:角质保湿利尿素、吡咯酮类衍生物、亚油酸、月桂醇、吐温、十二烷基三甲基溴化铵、十二烷基磺酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠、薄荷醇、月桂氮卓酮(氮酮)等。
例如,其可以通过下列方法之一制备为各种常见剂型:
方法1:搽剂
取方案一至方案三所得活性成分之一,加入搽剂常用辅料,按常规生产方法制备得本发明搽剂。
上述搽剂常用辅料包括稀释剂、防腐剂、助溶剂、促透剂之一或全部。
方法2:酊剂
取方案1-3所得活性成分,按酊剂的常规制备方法,制成本发明中药组合物的酊剂。
方法3:软膏剂
取方案1-3所得活性成分,按软膏剂的常规制备方法,制成本发明中药组合物的软膏剂。
方法4:粉剂
取全部原料药材,净选,粉碎,即得本发明粉剂。
本发明以防己、丝瓜络、木瓜、红花、香附、蒲黄同为君药,祛风止痛、舒筋活络、活血通经,散瘀止痛;以五味子、地骨皮、枳实、巴戟天、覆盆子、高良姜、墨旱莲、蒺藜为臣药,旨在收敛固涩、散寒止痛、滋补肝肾、平肝解郁;生地黄、灯心草、木通、金樱子、天冬、竹茹、牛蒡子、防风、柏子仁、槐角、车前草、刺玫果、枳棋子、马齿苋、芦根、吴茱萸、厚朴、金荞麦、天山雪莲、牛蒡根为佐,清热泻火、燥湿消痰,下气除满;甘草为和药。全方能解痉、镇痛、祛瘀、抗炎、消风止痛散毒,标本兼顾,诸药相配合,止痛功效极强。
本发明提供的一种止痛的外用中药组合物具有以下优点:
1、本发明提供的中药组合物能有效解除关节、软组织损伤引起的疼痛,特别是无名肿痛等引起的疼痛。与普通西药治疗组相比,72小时后本发明愈显率达100%,疗效极显著,且无胃肠道不良反应,无成瘾性,明显优于现有西药治疗方案。
2、本发明中药外用制剂,制备方法简单可行,利于推广应用。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例进一步说明本发明。应该理解的是,本发明的实施例是用于说明本发明而不是对本发明的限制。根据本发明的实质对本发明进行的简单改进都属于本发明要求保护的范围。除非另有说明,本发明中的乙醇量的百分数是体积百分数,v/v表示溶液的体积比。
实施例1搽剂
称取防己7g、丝瓜络11g、生地黄7g、木瓜10g、灯心草5g、甘草5g、木通6g、红花6g、金樱子7g、五味子7g、天冬7g、竹茹7g、地骨皮8g、牛蒡子8g、防风7g、枳实7g、柏子仁5g、槐角4g、香附7g、巴戟天6g、覆盆子6g、车前草4g、刺玫果5g、高良姜6g、枳棋子7g、马齿苋5g、鲜芦根9g、吴茱萸7g、厚朴6g、墨旱莲7g、蒲黄7g、蒺藜7g、金荞麦5g、天山雪莲2g、牛蒡根9g,用40%乙醇回流提取3次,每次乙醇用量分别为药材总量的10倍、8倍、4倍,提取时间分别4小时、2小时、1小时,合并提取液,过滤,滤液浓缩60℃时相对密度为1.25的浸膏,加纯化水至总重量为药材总重量的2倍,加入0.1%的苯甲酸钠、0.05%的尼泊金甲酯,混匀,分装,即得本发明搽剂。
实施例2搽剂
称取防己4g、丝瓜络8g、生地黄6g、木瓜7g、灯心草4g、甘草4g、木通3g、红花6g、金樱子6g、五味子6g、天冬4g、竹茹6g、地骨皮6g、牛蒡子7g、防风4g、枳实4g、柏子仁4g、槐角3g、香附6g、巴戟天3g、覆盆子4g、车前草3g、刺玫果4g、高良姜3g、枳棋子6g、马齿苋4g、鲜芦根6g、吴茱萸4g、厚朴3g、墨旱莲6g、蒲黄4g、蒺藜4g、金荞麦4g、天山雪莲2g、牛蒡根6g,加水提取3次,三次加水量分别相当于药材总重量的12倍、8倍、6倍,每次提取时间分别3小时、2小时、1小时,合并提取液,滤过,滤液浓缩至70℃时相对密度为1.20的清膏,加入乙醇,使含醇量为40%,静置24小时,滤过,滤液浓缩至滤液浓缩至70℃时相对密度为1.10的浸膏,加入纯化水至总重量为药材总重量的3倍,即得本发明搽剂。
实施例3膏剂
称取防己80g、丝瓜络120g、生地黄100g、木瓜110g、灯心草80g、甘草80g、木通70g、红花100g、金樱子100g、五味子100g、天冬80g、竹茹100g、地骨皮100g、牛蒡子110g、防风80g、枳实80g、柏子仁80g、槐角70g、香附100g、巴戟天70g、覆盆子80g、车前草70g、刺玫果80g、高良姜70g、枳棋子100g、马齿苋80g、鲜芦根100g、吴茱萸80g、厚朴70g、墨旱莲100g、蒲黄80g、蒺藜80g、金荞麦80g、天山雪莲40g、牛蒡根100g,加水提取3次,三次加水量分别为药材总重量的12倍、8倍、6倍,三次提取时间分别为3小时、2小时、1小时,合并提取液,滤过,滤液浓缩至80℃时相对密度为1.10的清膏,备用。
称取硬脂酸2g,凡士林12g,羊毛脂10g,硬脂酸甘油脂4g,十六醇10g,加热至85℃,搅匀,作为油相,备用;另取甘油16g,对羟基苯甲酸乙酯0.3g,十二烷基硫酸钠3g,月桂氮卓酮3g,加入上述浸膏,用水调节使油、水两相共150g,作为水相,加热至90℃,待全部溶解后,恒温至85℃,搅匀;将油相缓缓加入水相,置匀浆机中搅拌,冷却,凝固,分装,即得本发明膏剂。
实施例4膏剂
称取防己4g、丝瓜络12g、生地黄6g、木瓜11g、灯心草4g、甘草8g、木通3g、红花10g、金樱子6g、五味子10g、天冬4g、竹茹10g、地骨皮6g、牛蒡子11g、防风4g、枳实8g、柏子仁4g、槐角7g、香附6g、巴戟天7g、覆盆子4g、车前草7g、刺玫果4g、高良姜7g、枳棋子6g、马齿苋8g、鲜芦根6g、吴茱萸8g、厚朴3g、墨旱莲10g、蒲黄4g、蒺藜8g、金荞麦4g、天山雪莲4g、牛蒡根6g,用乙醇回流提取2次,每次乙醇浓度分别为80%、60%,每次乙醇用量分别为药材总量的10倍、8倍,提取时间分别为4小时、3小时,合并提取液,过滤,滤液浓缩至80℃时相对密度为1.10的浸膏,备用。
称取硬脂酸3g,凡士林16g,羊毛脂12g,硬脂酸甘油脂5g,十六醇10g,加热至85℃,搅匀,作为油相,备用;另取甘油12g,对羟基苯甲酸乙酯0.2g,十二烷基硫酸钠3g,月桂氮卓酮4g,加入上述浸膏,用水调节使油、水两相共130g,作为水相,加热至90℃,待全部溶解后,恒温至85℃,搅匀;将油相缓缓加入水相,置匀浆机中搅拌,冷却,凝固,分装,即得本发明膏剂。
实施例5酊剂
称取防己8g、丝瓜络8g、生地黄10g、木瓜7g、灯心草8g、甘草4g、木通7g、红花6g、金樱子10g、五味子6g、天冬8g、竹茹6g、地骨皮10g、牛蒡子7g、防风8g、枳实4g、柏子仁8g、槐角3g、香附10g、巴戟天3g、覆盆子8g、车前草3g、刺玫果8g、高良姜3g、枳棋子10g、马齿苋4g、鲜芦根10g、吴茱萸4g、厚朴7g、墨旱莲6g、蒲黄8g、蒺藜4g、金荞麦8g、天山雪莲2g、牛蒡根10g,加水提取2次,两次加水量分别为药材总重量的12倍、10倍,两次提取时间分别为3小时、2小时,合并提取液,滤过,滤液浓缩至70℃时相对密度为1.25的清膏,备用;取清膏,加85%乙醇稀释至每100ml相当于原药材总重量10g,即得酊剂。
实施例6酊剂
称取防己7g、丝瓜络8g、生地黄10g、木瓜10g、灯心草4g、甘草8g、木通6g、红花6g、金樱子10g、五味子7g、天冬4g、竹茹10g、地骨皮8g、牛蒡子7g、防风8g、枳实7g、柏子仁4g、槐角7g、香附7g、巴戟天3g、覆盆子8g、车前草4g、刺玫果4g、高良姜7g、枳棋子7g、马齿苋4g、鲜芦根10g、吴茱萸7g、厚朴3g、墨旱莲10g、蒲黄7g、蒺藜4g、金荞麦8g、天山雪莲2g、牛蒡根6g,加水提取2次,每次加水量分别相当于药材总重量的12倍、10倍,每次提取时间分别为3小时、2小时,合并提取液,滤过,滤液浓缩至80℃下相对密度为1.05的清膏,加入乙醇,使含醇量为70%,静置12小时,滤过,滤液浓缩至70℃时相对密度为1.25的浸膏,备用;取清膏,加70%乙醇稀释至每100ml相当于原药材总重量10g,即得酊剂。
实施例7粉剂
称取防己7g、丝瓜络11g、生地黄7g、木瓜10g、灯心草5g、甘草5g、木通6g、红花6g、金樱子7g、五味子7g、天冬7g、竹茹7g、地骨皮8g、牛蒡子8g、防风7g、枳实7g、柏子仁5g、槐角4g、香附7g、巴戟天6g、覆盆子6g、车前草4g、刺玫果5g、高良姜6g、枳棋子7g、马齿苋5g、鲜芦根9g、吴茱萸7g、厚朴6g、墨旱莲7g、蒲黄7g、蒺藜7g、金荞麦5g、天山雪莲2g、牛蒡根9g,净选,粉碎,即得本发明粉剂。
临床治疗总结
1一般资料
采用方便取样法,收集关节、软组织损伤及无名肿痛患者100例,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组各50例。观察组男21例,女29例,年龄18-65岁,平均42.8岁;对照组男27例,女23例,年龄20-66岁,平均39.6岁。两组患者年龄、性别、病种等一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05),具有可比性。
2治疗方法
2.1治疗分组
治疗组:本发明实施例1中药外用制剂,涂患处,每日两次,疗程3天。
对照组:采用清水冰袋对患者肿胀部位进行冷敷。清水冰袋置于-18℃冰箱中12h,至呈冰块状,取出,用大小适中的双层纱布袋包裹后敷于患肢肿痛处,每日两次,疗程3天。
3评价方法
3.1疼痛度在治疗后1h、24h、48h及72h,采用疼痛视觉模拟标尺(visual analogue scale,VAS),观察两组患者的局部疼痛情况。疼痛程度采用0-10分评分法,由弱到强,0分为无痛,1-3分为轻度疼痛,4-7分为中度疼痛,8-10分为重度疼痛。
4统计学方法
采用SPSS13.0统计软件包对数据进行统计分析,统计方法采用采用x2检验。
5结果
两组患者治疗后,在不同时段比较疼痛情况,结果见表1。
表1两组患者治疗后不同时段疼痛情况比较
由表1可见,两组患者治疗后不同时段疼痛程度比较,差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05),治疗组不同时段患者疼痛缓解程度均优于对照组。治疗1小时后,各种程度的疼痛感觉大幅度消减,第48小时后,重度疼痛基本消退为中度或轻度,第72小时后,绝大部分患者疼痛感觉消失。
6讨论
本研究表明,与采用传统的清水冰袋对疼痛部位进行治疗相比,采用本发明实施例1外用制剂涂抹疼痛部位,可以有效缓解患者疼痛部位的肿胀度及疼痛感,
创伤后肿痛是创伤骨科患者最突出、最直接的主诉,也是患者最迫切需要解决的问题之一;无名肿痛带给患者莫名的恐慌和无法对症治疗的迷惘。由于无名肿痛不能随便用药,因此采用同样适用于创伤后肿痛的普通清水冰袋安全治疗方法为对照组,与本发明外用制剂对比治疗后对患处缓解肿痛的作用,临床结果表明,本发明外用制剂在减轻患处疼痛度、肿胀度方面较普通清水冰袋作用明显,且具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。临床观察结果提示:本发明外用中药组合物治疗局部疼痛效果显著,止痛迅速、彻底、价格低、副作用小,优于现有技术。
典型病例
1、何某,女,51岁,右足背突然肿痛1周,右足不能用力着地。患者既往无踝部扭伤史,曾外贴镇痛药膏、口服消炎镇痛药均无明显效果。检查:患者右足背多处有明显的压痛点。给予本发明实施例2搽剂涂抹1天后,疼痛明显减小,3天后疼痛基本消失,肿胀消退,1周后痊愈。
2、赵某,男,31岁,右手学开车时由于急刹扭伤,明显肿痛。给予本发明实施例3膏剂涂抹,1小时后,疼痛明显减小,2天后疼痛消失,肿胀消退,痊愈。
3、谢某,男,22岁,左上臂莫名疼痛,无红肿,只能轻触。给予本发明实施例5酊剂涂抹,1天后,疼痛明显减小,5天后疼痛消失,痊愈。
虽然,上文中已经用一般性说明、具体实施方式及试验,对本发明作了详尽的描述,但在本发明基础上,可以对之作一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种止痛的外用中药组合物,其特征在于它是由如下重量份的原料制备而成的:防己4-8份、丝瓜络8-12份、生地黄6-10份、木瓜7-11份、灯心草4-8份、甘草4-8份、木通3-7份、红花6-10份、金樱子6-10份、五味子6-10份、天冬4-8份、竹茹6-10份、地骨皮6-10份、牛蒡子7-11份、防风4-8份、枳实4-8份、柏子仁4-8份、槐角3-7份、香附6-10份、巴戟天3-7份、覆盆子4-8份、车前草3-7份、刺玫果4-8份、高良姜3-7份、枳棋子6-10份、马齿苋4-8份、鲜芦根6-10份、吴茱萸4-8份、厚朴3-7份、墨旱莲6-10份、蒲黄4-8份、蒺藜4-8份、金荞麦4-8份、天山雪莲2-4份、牛蒡根6-10份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的中药组合物,其特征在于它是由如下重量份的原料制备而成的:防己7份、丝瓜络11份、生地黄7份、木瓜10份、灯心草5份、甘草5份、木通6份、红花6份、金樱子7份、五味子7份、天冬7份、竹茹7份、地骨皮8份、牛蒡子8份、防风7份、枳实7份、柏子仁5份、槐角4份、香附7份、巴戟天6份、覆盆子6份、车前草4份、刺玫果5份、高良姜6份、枳棋子7份、马齿苋5份、鲜芦根9份、吴茱萸7份、厚朴6份、墨旱莲7份、蒲黄7份、蒺藜7份、金荞麦5份、天山雪莲2份、牛蒡根9份。
3.如权利要求1-2中任一项所述的中药组合物,其特征在于它的活性成分是采用水提或40—80%体积百分浓度的乙醇回流提取制备而成的。
4.如权利要求3所述的中药组合物,其特征在于它的活性成分是通过以下方法制备而成的:取全部药材,加水提取2-3次,每次加水量相当于药材总重量的6-12倍,每次提取时间为1-3小时,合并提取液,滤过,滤液浓缩至70-80℃时相对密度为1.10-1.25的清膏,即得活性成分。
5.如权利要求3所述的中药组合物,其特征在于它的活性成分是通过以下方法制备而成的:取全部药材,加水提取2-3次,每次加水量相当于药材总重量的6-12倍,每次提取时间为1-3小时,合并提取液,滤过,滤液浓缩至70-80℃时相对密度为1.05-1.20的清膏,加入乙醇,使含醇量为40-70%,静置12-24小时,滤过,滤液浓缩至70-80℃时相对密度为1.10-1.25的浸膏,即得活性成分。
6.如权利要求3所述的中药组合物,其特征在于它的活性成分是通过以下方法制备而成的:取全部药材,用40-80%乙醇回流提取2-3次,每次乙醇用量为药材总量的4-10倍,提取时间为1-4小时,合并提取液,过滤,滤液浓缩至60-80℃时相对密度为1.10-1.25的浸膏,即得活性成分。
7.一种止痛的外用中药组合物,包括权利要求1~2中任一项止痛的外用中药组合物与医药学上可接受的载体。
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