CN106273826A - 一种复合无纺布及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种复合无纺布及其制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106273826A
CN106273826A CN201610639886.3A CN201610639886A CN106273826A CN 106273826 A CN106273826 A CN 106273826A CN 201610639886 A CN201610639886 A CN 201610639886A CN 106273826 A CN106273826 A CN 106273826A
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China
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nonwoven layer
nonwoven cloth
cloth
fiber
nonwoven
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CN106273826B (zh
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陈高明
高华平
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Hubei Jin Kang protective equipment Co.
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Hubei Yumin Protective Equipment Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/08—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer the fibres or filaments of a layer being of different substances, e.g. conjugate fibres, mixture of different fibres
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
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    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
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    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
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    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
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    • D04H3/16—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic filaments produced in association with filament formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
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    • D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
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    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • D06M2101/40—Fibres of carbon

Abstract

本发明提供了一种复合无纺布，依次包括第一、第二和第三无纺布层，所述第一无纺布层由碳纤维树脂与生物质纤维按照15‑35：5‑10的重量比进行混合，然后通过静电纺丝生产工艺制得；所述第二无纺布层由聚丙烯、聚异丁烯和A2B2A型嵌段共聚物按照质量比35‑50：10‑15：15‑20进行混合挤出纤维，然后采用熔喷法生产工艺制得；所述第三无纺布层由脂肪醇与聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯按照重量比25‑45：10‑15进行混合，然后通过纺粘法工艺生产制得；本发明采用三层不同的无纺布进行复合而成，综合了三层不同无纺布的特性，所得到的复合无纺布具有十分优异的拉伸强度、弹性、质感、耐高温、保温、防渗以及抗菌防辐射性能。

Description

一种复合无纺布及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于无纺布领域，特别是涉及一种复合无纺布及其制备方法。
背景技术
无纺布(非织造布)是一种不需要纺纱织布而形成的织物，只是将纺织短纤维或者长丝进行定向或随机撑列，形成纤网结构，然后采用机械、热粘或化学等方法加固而成。简单的讲就是：它不是由一根一根的纱线交织、编结在一起的，而是将纤维直接通过物理的方法粘合在一起的，所以，当你拿到你衣服里的粘称时，就会发现，是抽不出一根根的线头的。非织造布突破了传统的纺织原理，并具有工艺流程短、生产速度快，产量高、成本低、用途广、原料来源多等特点，在日常生产和生活中有着广泛的应用。但是，随着人们健康意识的提高和对生活质量的重视，如何赋予己经广泛应用的无纺布材料的优良的性能，成为当前一个热门的课题。中国专利CN1970865A公开了一种将表面镀银的纤维添加进无纺布纤维中的技术，具有杀灭常见细菌的能力。中国专利CN201109221Y公开了一种抗菌复合无纺布材料，它由三层材料复合而成，外层为吸水无纺布制作的吸水层，中间层为PE，PU膜或防水透气膜制作的防水层，里层为抗菌无纺布制作的抗菌层，使之同时具备了吸水、防水、抗菌的功能。中国专利CN 104695137A公开了一种抗静电无纺布，该无纺布由聚酯，聚酰胺类聚合物，抗静电剂制备得到，该发明制备的无纺布纤维直径较细，得到无纺布具有比表面积大、孔隙率高、过滤效率优、柔软性好、舒适感强等优点，可广泛应用于医用和工业用口罩、保暖材料、过滤材料、医疗卫生材料、吸油材料、擦拭布、电池隔板以及隔音材料等领域。中国专利CN204076983U公开了一种用于制作医用口罩的无纺布复合材料，包括亲肤层、吸水层、第一PE层、除菌层、第二PE层和亲水PP无纺布层，所述亲肤层上粘结有一层吸水层，所述吸水层上粘结有第一PE层，第一PE层上粘结有除菌层，所述除菌层的上部粘结有第二PE层，第二PE层上粘结有亲水PP无纺布层。
无纺布用途广泛，其中医用无纺布方面，包括一次性口罩、防护服、手术衣、隔离衣、实验服，护士帽、手术帽、医生帽、手术包、产妇包、急救包、尿布、枕套、床单、被套、鞋套等一次性医用耗材系列。无纺布的单层构造，以致纤维不够致密，过滤效果不是很好，而且加工的产品风格单一，无法满足客户不同需求。此外，由于现有无纺布仅仅只有一层自粘合纤维，囚此强度低，不耐磨且不具有防水性能，在需要防水的防护和包装领域的使用也受到限制；而且，随着人民生活水平的提高，市场对具有抗酒精、防静电、抗菌等功能性无纺布的需求越来越大，普通的无纺布难以满足客户的实际需求。因此，研制功能多样、性能优异的复合无纺布是市场的必然要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决现有技术的不足，提供一种多层多功能复合无纺布，该无纺布既有抗菌性，又具有防辐射性能以及优异的拉伸强度、弹性、质感、耐高温、保温以及防渗性能。
为解决上述问题，本发明采用的技术方案为：
一种复合无纺布，依次包括第一、第二和第三无纺布层，
所述第一无纺布层由碳纤维树脂与生物质纤维按照15-35：5-10的重量比进行混合，然后通过静电纺丝生产工艺制得；
所述第二无纺布层由聚丙烯、聚异丁烯和A2B2A型嵌段共聚物按照质量比35-50：10-15：15-20进行混合挤出纤维，然后采用熔喷法生产工艺制得；
所述第三无纺布层由脂肪醇与聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯按照重量比25-45：10-15进行混合，然后通过纺粘法工艺生产制得；
其中，所述第一无纺布层经过功能性抗辐射后整理，加入抗辐射剂；所述第一无纺布层经过功能性抗菌后整理，加入抗菌剂。
其中，所述抗辐射剂为勃姆石和沸石粉的混合物，抗辐射剂的重量含量为0.3％-0.6％。
所述勃姆石和沸石粉的质量比为1：3-5。
所述抗菌剂为载银纳米二氧化钛或生物多肽类抗菌剂，其重量含量为0.2％-0.4％。
所述生物多肽类抗菌剂选自硫酸鱼精蛋白、ε-聚赖氨酸、硫酸多粘菌素或纳他霉素中的一种或多种组合。
所述的脂肪醇是C原子数为12-24个的脂肪醇。
所述生物质纤维为竹浆纤维、PTT纤维或PHA纤维中的一种或多种。
所述的A2B2A型嵌段共聚物中A组份是聚苯乙烯类，B组份是聚乙2丁烯。
所述的复合无纺布生产方法包括：第一无纺布、第二无纺布、第三无纺布生产步骤和复合步骤：
所述第一无纺布层由碳纤维树脂与生物质纤维按照15-35：5-10的重量比进行混合，然后通过静电纺丝生产工艺制得；所述第二无纺布层由聚丙烯、聚异丁烯和A2B2A型嵌段共聚物按照质量比35-50：10-15：15-20进行混合挤出纤维，然后采用熔喷法生产工艺制得；所述第三无纺布层由脂肪醇与聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯按照重量比25-45：10-15进行混合，然后通过纺粘法工艺生产制得；
复合步骤：第一无纺布、第二无纺布、第三无纺布的顺序复合。
其中，生产方法还包括后整理步骤：进行功能性整理，使复合无纺布带有抗辐射剂和抗菌剂。
本发明的技术效果为：
(1)本发明采用三层不同的无纺布进行复合而成，综合了三层不同无纺布的特性，所得到的复合无纺布具有十分优异的拉伸强度、弹性、质感、耐高温、保温以及防渗性能；
(2)本发明得到的无纺布具有很好的广谱抗菌性，对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌4小时检测，抗菌率均达到99.9％，另外，其具有十分持久的防辐射效果；
(3)本发明设备简单、工艺流程短、能耗低，具有十分广阔的前景。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明的技术方案做进一步的阐述：
实施例1
一种复合无纺布，依次包括第一、第二和第三无纺布层，所述第一无纺布层由碳纤维树脂与竹浆纤维按照15：5的重量比进行混合，然后通过静电纺丝生产工艺制得；
所述第二无纺布层由聚丙烯、聚异丁烯和A2B2A型嵌段共聚物按照质量比35：10：15进行混合挤出纤维，然后采用熔喷法生产工艺制得；
所述第三无纺布层由C12脂肪醇与聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯按照重量比25：10进行混合，然后通过纺粘法工艺生产制得；
其中，所述第一无纺布层经过功能性抗辐射后整理，加入抗辐射剂勃姆石和沸石粉；所述第一无纺布层经过功能性抗菌后整理，加入抗菌剂载银纳米二氧化钛。
实施例2
一种复合无纺布，依次包括第一、第二和第三无纺布层，所述第一无纺布层由碳纤维树脂与PHA纤维按照35：10的重量比进行混合，然后通过静电纺丝生产工艺制得；
所述第二无纺布层由聚丙烯、聚异丁烯和A2B2A型嵌段共聚物按照质量比50：15：20进行混合挤出纤维，然后采用熔喷法生产工艺制得；
所述第三无纺布层由C15脂肪醇与聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯按照重量比45：15进行混合，然后通过纺粘法工艺生产制得；
其中，所述第一无纺布层经过功能性抗辐射后整理，加入抗辐射剂勃姆石和沸石粉；所述第一无纺布层经过功能性抗菌后整理，加入生物多肽类抗菌剂硫酸鱼精蛋白。
实施例3
一种复合无纺布，依次包括第一、第二和第三无纺布层，所述第一无纺布层由碳纤维树脂与PTT纤维按照25：8的重量比进行混合，然后通过静电纺丝生产工艺制得；
所述第二无纺布层由聚丙烯、聚异丁烯和A2B2A型嵌段共聚物按照质量比40：15：18进行混合挤出纤维，然后采用熔喷法生产工艺制得；
所述第三无纺布层由C18脂肪醇与聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯按照重量比35：12进行混合，然后通过纺粘法工艺生产制得；
其中，所述第一无纺布层经过功能性抗辐射后整理，加入抗辐射剂勃姆石和沸石粉；所述第一无纺布层经过功能性抗菌后整理，加入生物多肽类抗菌剂ε-聚赖氨酸。
实施例4
一种复合无纺布，依次包括第一、第二和第三无纺布层，所述第一无纺布层由碳纤维树脂与竹浆纤维按照30：10的重量比进行混合，然后通过静电纺丝生产工艺制得；
所述第二无纺布层由聚丙烯、聚异丁烯和A2B2A型嵌段共聚物按照质量比50：12：18进行混合挤出纤维，然后采用熔喷法生产工艺制得；
所述第三无纺布层由C20脂肪醇与聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯按照重量比40：12进行混合，然后通过纺粘法工艺生产制得；
其中，所述第一无纺布层经过功能性抗辐射后整理，加入抗辐射剂勃姆石和沸石粉；所述第一无纺布层经过功能性抗菌后整理，加入生物多肽类抗菌剂硫酸多粘菌素。
实施例5
一种复合无纺布，依次包括第一、第二和第三无纺布层，所述第一无纺布层由碳纤维树脂与PTT纤维按照25：5的重量比进行混合，然后通过静电纺丝生产工艺制得；
所述第二无纺布层由聚丙烯、聚异丁烯和A2B2A型嵌段共聚物按照质量比45：15：15进行混合挤出纤维，然后采用熔喷法生产工艺制得；
所述第三无纺布层由C24脂肪醇与聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯按照重量比35：13进行混合，然后通过纺粘法工艺生产制得；
其中，所述第一无纺布层经过功能性抗辐射后整理，加入抗辐射剂勃姆石和沸石粉；所述第一无纺布层经过功能性抗菌后整理，加入生物多肽类抗菌剂纳他霉素。
性能测试
对本发明实施例1-5所得产品所得产品的性能进行测试，抗菌性：将产品碎片浸渍于菌液中，检测其表面受污染状况；防辐射：用辐射检测仪检测使用该产品后辐射剂量率的减少量，单位μSv/h；阻燃性：试样火焰蔓延性测定法GB/T 5456-1997垂直法，测试结果见下表。
从上表可知，实施例1-5的无纺布产品具有十分优异的抗菌、防辐射以及阻燃的性能。
最后应说明的是：以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种复合无纺布，依次包括第一、第二和第三无纺布层，其特征在于，
所述第一无纺布层由碳纤维树脂与生物质纤维按照15-35：5-10的重量比进行混合，然后通过静电纺丝生产工艺制得；
所述第二无纺布层由聚丙烯、聚异丁烯和A2B2A型嵌段共聚物按照质量比35-50：10-15：15-20进行混合挤出纤维，然后采用熔喷法生产工艺制得；
所述第三无纺布层由脂肪醇与聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯按照重量比25-45：10-15进行混合，然后通过纺粘法工艺生产制得；
其中，所述第一无纺布层经过功能性抗辐射后整理，加入抗辐射剂；所述第一无纺布层经过功能性抗菌后整理，加入抗菌剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合无纺布，其特征在于，所述抗辐射剂为勃姆石和沸石粉的混合物，抗辐射剂的重量含量为0.3%-0.6%。
3.根据权利要求2所述的复合无纺布，其特征在于，所述勃姆石和沸石粉的质量比为1：3-5。
4.根据权利要求1所述的复合无纺布，其特征在于，所述抗菌剂为载银纳米二氧化钛或生物多肽类抗菌剂，其重量含量为0.2%-0.4%。
5.根据权利要求4所述的复合无纺布，其特征在于，所述生物多肽类抗菌剂选自硫酸鱼精蛋白、ε-聚赖氨酸、硫酸多粘菌素或纳他霉素中的一种或多种组合。
6.根据权利要求1所述的复合无纺布，其特征在于，所述的脂肪醇是C原子数为12-24个的脂肪醇。
7.根据权利要求1所述的复合无纺布，其特征在于，所述生物质纤维为竹浆纤维、PTT纤维或PHA纤维中的一种或多种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的复合无纺布，其特征在于，所述的A2B2A型嵌段共聚物中A组份是聚苯乙烯类，B组份是聚乙2丁烯。
9.根据权利要求1所述的复合无纺布，其特征在于，生产方法包括：第一无纺布、第二无纺布、第三无纺布生产步骤和复合步骤：
所述第一无纺布层由碳纤维树脂与生物质纤维按照15-35：5-10的重量比进行混合，然后通过静电纺丝生产工艺制得；所述第二无纺布层由聚丙烯、聚异丁烯和A2B2A型嵌段共聚物按照质量比35-50：10-15：15-20进行混合挤出纤维，然后采用熔喷法生产工艺制得；所述第三无纺布层由脂肪醇与聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯按照重量比25-45：10-15进行混合，然后通过纺粘法工艺生产制得；
复合步骤：按照第一无纺布、第二无纺布、第三无纺布的顺序复合。
10.根据权利要求9所述的复合无纺布，其特征在于，生产方法还包括后整理步骤：进行功能性整理，使复合无纺布带有抗辐射剂和抗菌剂。
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CN116059738B (zh) * 2023-02-22 2023-11-24 苏州大学 一种多功能非织造过滤材料及其制备方法

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