CN109249663A - 一种防尘复合无纺布及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种防尘复合无纺布及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN109249663A
CN109249663A CN201811007769.0A CN201811007769A CN109249663A CN 109249663 A CN109249663 A CN 109249663A CN 201811007769 A CN201811007769 A CN 201811007769A CN 109249663 A CN109249663 A CN 109249663A
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CN109249663B (zh
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黄冠儒
陈明情
刘应雄
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FUJIAN GUAN HONG INDUSTRIAL Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种防尘复合无纺布及其制备方法，属于涉及无纺布及其制备技术领域。所述防尘复合无纺布，包括无纺布复合层和均匀喷涂在无纺布复合层表面上的纳米涂层，所述无纺布复合层由第一无纺布层、第二无纺布层以及第三无纺布层依次复合得到。防尘复合无纺布通过热熔纺丝制得不同的无纺布，再进行热轧复合，再在无纺布复合层上真空喷涂制得的纳米涂层，即得成品。本发明具有防尘效果好、强度高以及制备工艺简单的优点。

Description

一种防尘复合无纺布及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及无纺布及其制备技术领域，具体涉及一种防尘复合无纺布及其制备方法。
背景技术
无纺布又称不织布，是由定向的或随机的纤维而构成。因具有布的外观和某些性能而称其为布。无纺布具有防潮、透气、柔韧、质轻、不助燃、容易分解、无毒无刺激性、色彩丰富、价格低廉、可循环再用等特点。如多采用聚丙烯(pp材质)粒料为原料，经高温熔融、喷丝、铺纲、热压卷取连续一步法生产而成。
无纺布没有经纬线，剪裁和缝纫都非常方便，而且质轻容易定型，深受手工爱好者的喜爱。因为它是一种不需要纺纱织布而形成的织物，只是将纺织短纤维或者长丝进行定向或随机排列，形成纤网结构，然后采用机械、热粘或化学等方法加固而成。它不是由一根一根的纱线交织、编结在一起的，而是将纤维直接通过物理的方法粘合在一起的，所以，当你拿到你衣服里的粘称时，就会发现，是抽不出一根根的线头的。非织造布突破了传统的纺织原理，并具有工艺流程短、生产速率快，产量高、成本低、用途广、原料来源多等特点。
纳米涂层不仅无毒无害，还可以缓慢释放出一种物质，降解室内甲醛、二甲苯等有害物质。凡是传统表面涂层技术，都可以用来或者稍加改造，实现纳米材料复合涂层。
纳米材料涂层可以提高基体的腐蚀防护能力，达到表面修饰、装饰目的。在油漆或涂料中加入纳米颗粒，可进一步提高其防护能力，从而实现防降解，防变色等功效；另外，还可以在建材产品，如卫生洁具中运用纳米材料涂层，从而产生杀菌、保洁效果。
纳米材料涂层具有广泛变化的光学性能。它的光学透射谱可从紫外波段一直延伸到远红外波段。纳米多层组合涂层经过处理后在可见光范围内出现荧光，用于多种光学应用需要，如传感器等器件。在各种标牌表面施以纳米材料涂层，成为发光、反光标牌；改变纳米涂层的组成和特性，可得到光致变色，温致变色，电致变色等效应，产生特殊的防伪、识别手段。在涂料中加入纳米材料，能够起到阻燃、隔热、防火作用。
在现有技术中，无纺布制品色彩丰富、鲜艳明丽、时尚环保、用途广泛、美观大方，图案和款式都多样，且质轻、环保、可循环再用，被国际公认为保护地球生态的环保产品。但是其防尘效果差且自身强度低，不易于清洁。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供一种防尘复合无纺布及其制备方法，解决了防尘效果差以及强度低的问题，该防尘复合无纺布具有一定自清洁的功能，且防尘效果好，强度高，其应用范围更广泛。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案来实现的：
一种防尘复合无纺布，包括无纺布复合层和均匀喷涂在无纺布复合层表面上的纳米涂层，所述无纺布复合层由第一无纺布层、第二无纺布层以及第三无纺布层依次复合得到；所述纳米涂层由如下重量份的组分组成：纳米二氧化硅30-50份，纳米硫酸钙20-30份，纳米氧化铝20-30份。
在无纺布复合层上设置纳米涂层，表面上有细微且凹凸不平的纳米结构，使其具有强大的表面张力从而使其具有强劲的疏水、抗油污能力以及防尘能力，水与涂层表面的接触角大大增加，有利于水珠在涂层表面的滚落，达到自清洁目的。
进一步地，所述第一无纺布层的无纺布原料由如下重量份的组分组成：低密度聚乙烯50-60份，聚异丁烯15-20份；
所述第二无纺布层的无纺布原料由如下重量份的组分组成：碳纤维树脂50-60份，聚异丁烯30-40份，增强改性剂10-15份；
所述第三无纺布层的无纺布原料由如下重量份的组分组成：低密度聚乙烯50-60份，聚丙烯40-50份。
无纺布复合层由第一无纺布层、第二无纺布层以及第三无纺布层依次复合得到，中间层无纺布为碳纤维树脂，且添加了增强改性剂，使其在延展性不受明显影响的情况下增强了无纺布的强度，使得无纺布的应用范围变广。
进一步地，所述增强改性剂为纳米二氧化硅、纳米碳酸钙或纳米硫酸钡中的一种。
进一步优选地，所述增强改性剂为纳米二氧化硅。
进一步优选地，所述纳米涂层由如下重量份的组分组成：纳米二氧化硅40份，纳米硫酸钙25份，纳米氧化铝25份。
上述防尘复合无纺布的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
S1制备无纺布复合层：
S11制备第一无纺布层：按照重量份准备第一无纺布层的无纺布原料，将原料投入放入纺丝机，经热熔高压挤出、喷丝、风冷、拉伸、浸液、二次拉伸、烘干、切断，得到无纺布纤维，将无纺布纤维加入纤维开松机进行开松，采用纤维梳理机将上述开松后的无纺布纤维通过梳理，加工成均匀连续稳定的纤维，采用热风烘燥机利用稳定连续的高温热风气流对上述的纤维进行持续加工，使得纤维中纤维的皮层通过热风熔融并相互粘接，制得第一无纺布层；
S12制备第二无纺布层：按照重量份准备第二无纺布层的无纺布原料，将原料投入纺丝机，采用与S11步骤中相同的工艺制得第二无纺布层；
S13制备第三无纺布层：按照重量份准备第三无纺布层的无纺布原料，将原料投入纺丝机中，采用与S11步骤中相同的工艺制得第三无纺布层；
S14复合无纺布：将第一无纺布层、第二无纺布层以及第三无纺布层一起放入热轧机中依次热轧复合，即得无纺布复合层；
S2制备纳米涂层：采用喷涂设备在无纺布复合层表面通过真空喷涂制作纳米涂层，即得防尘复合无纺布。
防尘复合无纺布的制备方法简单，其中无纺布的制备过程中成型率高，残次品少，物料利用率高，纳米涂层采用真空喷涂的方式制备得到，涂布均匀，粘结效果好，形成的纳米层具有较好的防尘效果。
进一步地，所述S11步骤中纤维梳理机梳理时梳理线转速为1300-1500m/min，热封加工时热风粘合的温度为120-140℃，热风粘合速度为150-180m/min；所述S12步骤中纤维梳理机梳理时梳理线转速为1200-1300m/min，热封加工时热风粘合的温度为130-150℃，热风粘合速度为120-150m/min；所述S13步骤中纤维梳理机梳理时梳理线转速为1300-1500m/min，热封加工时热风粘合的温度为120-140℃，热风粘合速度为150-180m/min。
进一步地，所述S14步骤中热轧机的温度为120-150℃。
进一步地，所述S2步骤中真空喷涂的条件为：真空度150-200Pa，工作电流为2000-2200A，氩气流量为60-65L/min，氦气流量为60-65L/min，送粉量为5-6g/min，喷涂距离为400-450mm，喷涂厚度为50-150μm，喷涂18-22次。
本发明的有益效果是：
1.无纺布复合层由第一无纺布层、第二无纺布层以及第三无纺布层依次复合得到，中间层无纺布为碳纤维树脂，且添加了增强改性剂，使其在延展性不受明显影响的情况下增强无纺布的强度，使得无纺布的应用范围变广；
2.在无纺布复合层设置纳米涂层，表面上有细微且凹凸不平的纳米结构，使其具有强大的表面张力从而具有强劲的疏水、抗油污能力以及防尘能力，水与涂层表面的接触角大大增加，有利于水珠在涂层表面的滚落达到自清洁目的；
3.防尘复合无纺布的制备方法简单，其中无纺布的制备过程中成型率高，残次品少，物料利用率高，纳米涂层采用真空喷涂的方式制备得到，涂布均匀，粘结效果好，形成的纳米层具有较好的防尘效果。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例进一步详细描述本发明的技术方案，但本发明的保护范围不局限于以下所述。
一种防尘复合无纺布，包括无纺布复合层和均匀喷涂在无纺布复合层表面上的纳米涂层，所述无纺布复合层由第一无纺布层、第二无纺布层以及第三无纺布层依次复合得到；所述纳米涂层由如下重量份的组分组成：纳米二氧化硅30-50份，纳米硫酸钙20-30份，纳米氧化铝20-30份。
具体地，所述第一无纺布层的无纺布原料由如下重量份的组分组成：低密度聚乙烯50-60份，聚异丁烯15-20份；
所述第二无纺布层的无纺布原料由如下重量份的组分组成：碳纤维树脂50-60份，聚异丁烯30-40份，增强改性剂10-15份；
所述第三无纺布层的无纺布原料由如下重量份的组分组成：低密度聚乙烯50-60份，聚丙烯40-50份。
具体地，所述增强改性剂为纳米二氧化硅、纳米碳酸钙或纳米硫酸钡。
上述防尘复合无纺布的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
S1制备无纺布复合层：
S11制备第一无纺布层：按照重量份准备第一无纺布层的无纺布原料：低密度聚乙烯、聚异丁烯，将原料投入放入纺丝机，经热熔高压挤出、喷丝、风冷、拉伸、浸液、二次拉伸、烘干、切断，得到无纺布纤维，将无纺布纤维加入纤维开松机进行开松，采用纤维梳理机将上述开松后的无纺布纤维通过梳理，加工成均匀连续稳定的纤维，采用热风烘燥机利用稳定连续的高温热风气流对上述的纤维进行持续加工，使得纤维中纤维的皮层通过热风熔融并相互粘接，制得第一无纺布层；
S12制备第二无纺布层：按照重量份准备第二无纺布层的无纺布原料：碳纤维树脂、聚异丁烯、增强改性剂，将原料投入放入纺丝机与S11步骤中相同的工艺制得第二无纺布层；
S13制备第三无纺布层：按照重量份准备第三无纺布层的无纺布原料由如下重量份的组分组成：低密度聚乙烯、聚丙烯，将原料投入放入纺丝机与S11步骤中相同的工艺制得第三无纺布层；
S14复合无纺布：将第一无纺布层、第二无纺布层以及第三无纺布层一起放入热轧机中依次热轧复合，即得无纺布复合层；
S2制备纳米涂层：采用喷涂设备在无纺布复合层表面通过真空喷涂制作纳米涂层，即得防尘复合无纺布。
具体地，所述S11步骤中纤维梳理机梳理时梳理线转速为1300-1500m/min，热封加工时热风粘合的温度为120-140℃，热风粘合速度为150-180m/min；所述S12步骤中纤维梳理机梳理时梳理线转速为1200-1300m/min，热封加工时热风粘合的温度为130-150℃，热风粘合速度为120-150m/min；所述S13步骤中纤维梳理机梳理时梳理线转速为1300-1500m/min，热封加工时热风粘合的温度为120-140℃，热风粘合速度为150-180m/min。
具体地，所述S14步骤中热轧机的温度为120-150℃。
具体地，所述S2步骤中真空喷涂的条件为：真空度150-200Pa，工作电流为2000-2200A，氩气流量为60-65L/min，氦气流量为60-65L/min，送粉量为5-6g/min，喷涂距离为400-450mm，喷涂厚度为50-150μm，喷涂18-22次。
实施例1-实施例6的具体制备方式如表1所示，其中实施例1-实施例4为本发明限定的技术参数，实施例5中不含有增强改性剂，实施例6中不设置纳米涂层，其中实施例5-实施例6为本发明的对照实施例。
表1实施例1-实施例6制备无纺布的具体方式
实施例1-实施例6的具体性能参数如表2所示，其中实施例1-实施例4为本发明限定的技术参数，实施例5中不含有增强改性剂，实施例6中不设置纳米涂层，其中实施例5-实施例6为本发明的对照实施例。静水压采用静水压测试仪测试。防尘效果为将实施例1-实施例6的无纺布(无纺布尺寸为1m×1m)放置在空置的房间内，其中房间中≥0.2μm的可吸入颗粒含量控制在0.068mg/m3，房间面积为10m×10m，静置24h、48h以及100h分别观察表面积尘现象。
表2实施例1-实施例6制得的无纺布的具体性能参数
从表2中可以看出，实施例1-实施例4的静水压大于实施例5-实施例6，即表明实施例1-实施例4的无纺布的强度大；实施例1-实施例4的的成型率高、残次品率低，表明制备过程中物料利用率高；实施例1-实施例5的防尘效果明显优于实施例6，即表明纳米涂层具有良好的防尘效果。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当理解本发明并非局限于本文所披露的形式，不应看作是对其他实施例的排除，而可用于各种其他组合、修改和环境，并能够在本文所述构想范围内，通过上述教导或相关领域的技术或知识进行改动。而本领域人员所进行的改动和变化不脱离本发明的精神和范围，则都应在本发明所附权利要求的保护范围内。

Claims (9)

1.一种防尘复合无纺布，包括无纺布复合层和均匀喷涂在无纺布复合层表面上的纳米涂层，其特征在于，所述无纺布复合层由第一无纺布层、第二无纺布层以及第三无纺布层依次复合得到；所述纳米涂层由如下重量份的组分组成：纳米二氧化硅30-50份，纳米硫酸钙20-30份，纳米氧化铝20-30份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种防尘复合无纺布，其特征在于，所述第一无纺布层的无纺布原料由如下重量份的组分组成：低密度聚乙烯50-60份，聚异丁烯15-20份；
所述第二无纺布层的无纺布原料由如下重量份的组分组成：碳纤维树脂50-60份，聚异丁烯30-40份，增强改性剂10-15份；
所述第三无纺布层的无纺布原料由如下重量份的组分组成：低密度聚乙烯50-60份，聚丙烯40-50份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种防尘复合无纺布，其特征在于，所述增强改性剂为纳米二氧化硅、纳米碳酸钙或纳米硫酸钡中的一种。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种防尘复合无纺布，其特征在于，所述增强改性剂为纳米二氧化硅。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种防尘复合无纺布，其特征在于，所述纳米涂层由如下重量份的组分组成：纳米二氧化硅40份，纳米硫酸钙25份，纳米氧化铝25份。
6.权利要求1-5任一项所述的一种防尘复合无纺布的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
S1制备无纺布复合层：
S11制备第一无纺布层：按照重量份准备第一无纺布层的无纺布原料，将原料投入放入纺丝机，经热熔高压挤出、喷丝、风冷、拉伸、浸液、二次拉伸、烘干、切断，得到无纺布纤维，将无纺布纤维加入纤维开松机进行开松，采用纤维梳理机将上述开松后的无纺布纤维通过梳理，加工成均匀连续稳定的纤维，采用热风烘燥机利用稳定连续的高温热风气流对上述的纤维进行持续加工，使得纤维中纤维的皮层通过热风熔融并相互粘接，制得第一无纺布层；
S12制备第二无纺布层：按照重量份准备第二无纺布层的无纺布原料，将原料投入纺丝机，采用与S11步骤中相同的工艺制得第二无纺布层；
S13制备第三无纺布层：按照重量份准备第三无纺布层的无纺布原料，将原料投入纺丝机中，采用与S11步骤中相同的工艺制得第三无纺布层；
S14复合无纺布：将第一无纺布层、第二无纺布层以及第三无纺布层一起放入热轧机中依次热轧复合，即得无纺布复合层；
S2制备纳米涂层：采用喷涂设备在无纺布复合层表面通过真空喷涂制作纳米涂层，即得防尘复合无纺布。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种防尘复合无纺布的制备方法，其特征在于，所述S11步骤中纤维梳理机梳理时梳理线转速为1300-1500m/min，热封加工时热风粘合的温度为120-140℃，热风粘合速度为150-180m/min；所述S12步骤中纤维梳理机梳理时梳理线转速为1200-1300m/min，热封加工时热风粘合的温度为130-150℃，热风粘合速度为120-150m/min；所述S13步骤中纤维梳理机梳理时梳理线转速为1300-1500m/min，热封加工时热风粘合的温度为120-140℃，热风粘合速度为150-180m/min。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种防尘复合无纺布的制备方法，其特征在于，所述S14步骤中热轧机的温度为120-150℃。
9.根据权利要求6所述的一种防尘复合无纺布的制备方法，其特征在于，所述S2步骤中真空喷涂的条件为：真空度150-200Pa，工作电流为2000-2200A，氩气流量为60-65L/min，氦气流量为60-65L/min，送粉量为5-6g/min，喷涂距离为400-450mm，喷涂厚度为50-150μm，喷涂18-22次。
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