CN106262090A - 芥菜疙瘩的加工方法及芥菜油的提取工艺 - Google Patents
芥菜疙瘩的加工方法及芥菜油的提取工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种芥菜疙瘩的加工方法,具体方法步骤如下:(1)精选成熟无病虫害的芥菜疙瘩,先将芥菜疙瘩去土,将樱子和根须切除,用刷子类工具清除疙瘩上的绒毛,放入清洗液中清洗干净,在放入保鲜库中沥水,保持保鲜库中温度在6‑10℃,相对湿度在75‑78%;(2)将保鲜库中的芥菜疙瘩取出,切丝,其中切丝采用人工切丝或机械切丝,在真空环境下或水中切丝,防止芥菜疙瘩与空气接触;(3)将切好的芥菜疙瘩丝在85℃以上的水中漂烫5‑20秒,然后捞出冷凉,按重量比1:0.3‑0.5的比例与生花生米或毛鱼干混合装罐,在加入芥菜疙瘩丝和花生米2‑3倍重量水,密封3‑5天;(4)开罐,取出芥菜疙瘩丝和花生米,将芥菜疙瘩拌入调料即可食用,花生米用于提取芥菜油。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品技术领域,具体涉及一种芥菜疙瘩的加工方法及芥菜油的提取工艺。
背景技术
芥菜疙瘩,又称芥菜头、疙瘩菜、疙瘩头、芥疙瘩等,为十字花科植物,芥菜疙瘩含有丰富的食物纤维,可促进结肠蠕动,缩短粪便在结肠中的停留时间,稀释毒物,降低致癌因子浓度,从而发挥解防癌的作用,可用于防冶结肠癌、乳腺癌、肝癌;芥菜疙瘩含有钙、磷、铁等微量元素,被人体吸收后,能利尿除温;促进机体水、电解质平衡,可用于防治小便涩痛、淋沥不尽之症;总之芥菜疙瘩具有解毒消肿,下气消食,利尿除湿的功效;但由于芥菜疙瘩鲜品贮藏时间有限,制成干品后又会损失大量的营养物质,失去芥菜疙瘩原有的风味和滋味,限制了芥菜疙瘩的开发及商用价值。
生活中人们食用芥菜通常采用腌制的方式,秋天芥菜成熟后,人们将芥菜清洗后装入容器中,然后加入食盐进行腌制,腌成后再切丝或切块食用。这种食用方式虽然简单易行,但是由于它的味道欠佳,芥辣味强烈,所以仅限于自家食用,不能形成产品。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种可工业化开发,产品质量稳定的芥菜疙瘩的加工方法及芥菜油的提取工艺。
本发明所要解决的技术问题采用以下技术方案来实现:
一种芥菜疙瘩的加工方法,具体方法步骤如下:
(1)精选成熟无病虫害的芥菜疙瘩,先将芥菜疙瘩去土,将樱子和根须切除,用刷子类工具清除疙瘩上的绒毛,放入清洗液中清洗干净,在放入保鲜库中沥水,保持保鲜库中温度在6-10℃,相对湿度在75-78%;沥水后要尽快加工,防止芥菜疙瘩里的辣气释放出来;
(2)将保鲜库中的芥菜疙瘩取出,切丝,其中切丝可采用人工切丝或机械切丝,最好在真空环境下或水中切丝,防止芥菜疙瘩与空气接触,保持芥菜疙瘩的原色;
(3)将切好的芥菜疙瘩丝在85℃以上的水中漂烫5-20秒,然后捞出冷凉,按重量比1:0.3-0.5的比例与生花生米或毛鱼干混合装罐,在加入芥菜疙瘩丝和花生米2-3倍重量水,密封3-5天;
(4)开罐,取出芥菜疙瘩丝和花生米,将芥菜疙瘩拌入调料即可食用,花生米用于提取芥菜油。
上述步骤(4)中芥菜油的提取工艺如下:
①.将与芥菜疙瘩丝浸泡后的花生米取出,进行超微粉碎,过80~120目筛,在零下15℃环境下冷冻40分钟,取出加水搅拌,至花生米粉末的含水量在40%-42%左右,得到湿润料;
②.将湿润料送入研磨机,连续研磨0.5-1小时,过180目筛,然后送入反应釜中,边搅拌边注入蒸气,使反应釜内的蒸气温度达到110℃-130℃,充分搅拌,使湿润料受热均匀,加热搅拌5-8分钟;
③.将加热后的湿润料送入微波处理设备中,于微波频率2450MHz、功率500W下间隔微波处理,间隔时间为5分钟,每次微波处理10分钟,连续进行3-4次;
④.取微波处理后的湿润料进行压榨,从而得到油水混合液,再将油水混合液进行高速离心(6000r/min),然后静置分层除去水和杂质,得到粗油溶液待用;
⑤.将步骤④中所得的粗油溶液进行减压过滤除去悬浮杂质,从而得到芥菜油。
上述清洗液为清水或磁化水,或特制溶液;所述特制溶液的配制方法为:在500g纯净水中加入白酒20g、食盐20g、木瓜蛋白酶5g、薄荷根提取物5g、大米蛋白15g、皂素10g、蒲公英提取物8g、甘草提取物53g和樟树叶提取物3g,混匀即可;采用上述清洗液进行清洗能够有效清除芥菜疙瘩上的杂物、病菌、农药残留等有害物质。
上述步骤(4)中每100g芥菜疙瘩丝加入调料3-5g,所述调料是由以下重量的组方制成:香椿素20g、辣椒面10g、芝麻油10g、青花椒粉5g、黄精多糖5g、姜黄素2g、低钠盐4g、咖啡粉3g、红葡萄酒8g及苹果醋4g;制备时,在混料机中混匀即可。该调料具有清热解毒,健胃理气,改善肠胃等功效。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明加工的芥菜丝产品,香味浓郁,清脆可口,保持了芥菜原有的色泽,是餐桌佐肴佳品,经真空包装,可长期存放和远销他乡;同时提取了芥菜中的有效成分芥菜油,减少了芥菜疙瘩的苦辣味,增加了芥菜疙瘩的利用率。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解,下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。
实施例1
一种芥菜疙瘩的加工方法,具体方法步骤如下:
(1)精选成熟无病虫害的芥菜疙瘩,先将芥菜疙瘩去土,将樱子和根须切除,用刷子类工具清除疙瘩上的绒毛,放入清水中清洗干净,在放入保鲜库中沥水,保持保鲜库中温度在6-10℃,相对湿度在75-78%;沥水后要尽快加工,防止芥菜疙瘩里的辣气释放出来;
(2)将保鲜库中的芥菜疙瘩取出,切丝,其中切丝可采用人工切丝或机械切丝,最好在真空环境下或水中切丝,防止芥菜疙瘩与空气接触,保持芥菜疙瘩的原色;
(3)将切好的芥菜疙瘩丝在85℃以上的水中漂烫5-20秒,然后捞出冷凉,按重量比1:0.3-0.5的比例与生花生米或毛鱼干混合装罐,在加入芥菜疙瘩丝和花生米2-3倍重量水,密封3-5天;
(4)开罐,取出芥菜疙瘩丝和花生米,将芥菜疙瘩拌入调料即可食用,花生米用于提取芥菜油。
上述步骤(4)中芥菜油的提取工艺如下:
①.将与芥菜疙瘩丝浸泡后的花生米取出,进行超微粉碎,过80~120目筛,在零下15℃环境下冷冻40分钟,取出加水搅拌,至花生米粉末的含水量在40%-42%左右,得到湿润料;
②.将湿润料送入研磨机,连续研磨0.5-1小时,过180目筛,然后送入反应釜中,边搅拌边注入蒸气,使反应釜内的蒸气温度达到110℃-130℃,充分搅拌,使湿润料受热均匀,加热搅拌5-8分钟;
③.将加热后的湿润料送入微波处理设备中,于微波频率2450MHz、功率500W下间隔微波处理,间隔时间为5分钟,每次微波处理10分钟,连续进行3-4次;
④.取微波处理后的湿润料进行压榨,从而得到油水混合液,再将油水混合液进行高速离心(6000r/min),然后静置分层除去水和杂质,得到粗油溶液待用;
⑤.将步骤④中所得的粗油溶液进行减压过滤除去悬浮杂质,从而得到芥菜油。
实施例2
一种芥菜疙瘩的加工方法,具体方法步骤如下:
(1)精选成熟无病虫害的芥菜疙瘩,先将芥菜疙瘩去土,将樱子和根须切除,用刷子类工具清除疙瘩上的绒毛,放入清洗液中清洗干净,在放入保鲜库中沥水,保持保鲜库中温度在6-10℃,相对湿度在75-78%;沥水后要尽快加工,防止芥菜疙瘩里的辣气释放出来;
(2)将保鲜库中的芥菜疙瘩取出,切丝,其中切丝可采用人工切丝或机械切丝,最好在真空环境下或水中切丝,防止芥菜疙瘩与空气接触,保持芥菜疙瘩的原色;
(3)将切好的芥菜疙瘩丝在85℃以上的水中漂烫5-20秒,然后捞出冷凉,按重量比1:0.3-0.5的比例与生花生米或毛鱼干混合装罐,在加入芥菜疙瘩丝和花生米2-3倍重量水,密封3-5天;
(4)开罐,取出芥菜疙瘩丝和花生米,将芥菜疙瘩拌入调料即可食用,花生米用于提取芥菜油。
上述步骤(4)中芥菜油的提取工艺如下:
①.将与芥菜疙瘩丝浸泡后的花生米取出,进行超微粉碎,过80~120目筛,在零下15℃环境下冷冻40分钟,取出加水搅拌,至花生米粉末的含水量在40%-42%左右,得到湿润料;
②.将湿润料送入研磨机,连续研磨0.5-1小时,过180目筛,然后送入反应釜中,边搅拌边注入蒸气,使反应釜内的蒸气温度达到110℃-130℃,充分搅拌,使湿润料受热均匀,加热搅拌5-8分钟;
③.将加热后的湿润料送入微波处理设备中,于微波频率2450MHz、功率500W下间隔微波处理,间隔时间为5分钟,每次微波处理10分钟,连续进行3-4次;
④.取微波处理后的湿润料进行压榨,从而得到油水混合液,再将油水混合液进行高速离心(6000r/min),然后静置分层除去水和杂质,得到粗油溶液待用;
⑤.将步骤④中所得的粗油溶液进行减压过滤除去悬浮杂质,从而得到芥菜油。
上述清洗液采用特制溶液,所述特制溶液的配制方法为:在500g纯净水中加入白酒20g、食盐20g、木瓜蛋白酶5g、薄荷根提取物5g、大米蛋白15g、皂素10g、蒲公英提取物8g、甘草提取物53g和樟树叶提取物3g,混匀即可;采用上述清洗液进行清洗能够有效清除芥菜疙瘩上的杂物、病菌、农药残留等有害物质。
上述步骤(4)中每100g芥菜疙瘩丝加入调料3-5g,所述调料是由以下重量的组方制成:香椿素20g、辣椒面10g、芝麻油10g、青花椒粉5g、黄精多糖5g、姜黄素2g、低钠盐4g、咖啡粉3g、红葡萄酒8g及苹果醋4g;制备时,在混料机中混匀即可。该调料具有清热解毒,健胃理气,改善肠胃等功效。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。
Claims (3)
1.一种芥菜疙瘩的加工方法,其特征在于,具体方法步骤如下:
(1)精选成熟无病虫害的芥菜疙瘩,先将芥菜疙瘩去土,将樱子和根须切除,用刷子类工具清除疙瘩上的绒毛,放入清洗液中清洗干净,在放入保鲜库中沥水,保持保鲜库中温度在6-10℃,相对湿度在75-78%;
(2)将保鲜库中的芥菜疙瘩取出,切丝,其中切丝采用人工切丝或机械切丝,在真空环境下或水中切丝,防止芥菜疙瘩与空气接触;
(3)将切好的芥菜疙瘩丝在85℃以上的水中漂烫5-20秒,然后捞出冷凉,按重量比1:0.3-0.5的比例与生花生米或毛鱼干混合装罐,在加入芥菜疙瘩丝和花生米2-3倍重量水,密封3-5天;
(4)开罐,取出芥菜疙瘩丝和花生米,将芥菜疙瘩拌入调料即可食用,花生米用于提取芥菜油。
2.根据权利要求1所述的芥菜疙瘩的加工方法,其特征在于,上述步骤(4)中芥菜油的提取工艺如下:
①.将与芥菜疙瘩丝浸泡后的花生米取出,进行超微粉碎,过80~120目筛,在零下15℃环境下冷冻40分钟,取出加水搅拌,至花生米粉末的含水量在40%-42%左右,得到湿润料;
②.将湿润料送入研磨机,连续研磨0.5-1小时,过180目筛,然后送入反应釜中,边搅拌边注入蒸气,使反应釜内的蒸气温度达到110℃-130℃,充分搅拌,使湿润料受热均匀,加热搅拌5-8分钟;
③.将加热后的湿润料送入微波处理设备中,于微波频率2450MHz、功率500W下间隔微波处理,间隔时间为5分钟,每次微波处理10分钟,连续进行3-4次;
④.取微波处理后的湿润料进行压榨,从而得到油水混合液,再将油水混合液进行高速离心,然后静置分层除去水和杂质,得到粗油溶液待用;
⑤.将步骤④中所得的粗油溶液进行减压过滤除去悬浮杂质,从而得到芥菜油。
3.根据权利要求1所述的芥菜疙瘩的加工方法,其特征在于,上述清洗液为清水或磁化水,或特制溶液;所述特制溶液的配制方法为:在500g纯净水中加入白酒20g、食盐20g、木瓜蛋白酶5g、薄荷根提取物5g、大米蛋白15g、皂素10g、蒲公英提取物8g、甘草提取物53g和樟树叶提取物3g,混匀即可。
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