CN106259221A - A kind of method raising beet armyworm - Google Patents
A kind of method raising beet armyworm Download PDFInfo
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- CN106259221A CN106259221A CN201610691767.2A CN201610691767A CN106259221A CN 106259221 A CN106259221 A CN 106259221A CN 201610691767 A CN201610691767 A CN 201610691767A CN 106259221 A CN106259221 A CN 106259221A
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- powder
- beet armyworm
- feedstuff
- conducive
- radix angelicae
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- 241000256247 Spodoptera exigua Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 210000000582 semen Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium benzoate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000010234 sodium benzoate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004299 sodium benzoate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 15
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 15
- 210000004681 ovum Anatomy 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000256259 Noctuidae Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 230000032669 eclosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000019617 pupation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000016068 Berberis vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000335053 Beta vulgaris Species 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000021405 artificial diet Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- FRXSZNDVFUDTIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline Chemical compound N1CCCC2=CC(OC)=CC=C21 FRXSZNDVFUDTIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001124169 Calliphora vomitoria Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010059866 Drug resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000255777 Lepidoptera Species 0.000 description 1
- NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-oxo-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LPUQAYUQRXPFSQ-DFWYDOINSA-M monosodium L-glutamate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O LPUQAYUQRXPFSQ-DFWYDOINSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000013923 monosodium glutamate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004223 monosodium glutamate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004899 motility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000447 pesticide residue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035479 physiological effects, processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010027322 single cell proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- -1 starch Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000027 toxicology Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a kind of method raising beet armyworm, for the different phase of beet armyworm growth, set the different beet armyworm unit are numbers of animals raised, be conducive to its healthy, safety growth;Feedstuff includes following main component: Semen Maydis powder, yeast powder, citric acid, sodium benzoate, sucrose, vitamin C, Folium Mori, Radix Angelicae Sinensis powder, Semen Cassiae powder and water;On the basis of traditional beet armyworm feedstuff, with the addition of Radix Angelicae Sinensis powder and Semen Cassiae powder two Chinese medicine, combine with Folium Mori, beet armyworm immunity can be improved, thus reach to improve its larva survival rate, percentage of pupation and the effect of eclosion rate, after testing, using the beet armyworm of the diet of the present invention, reproductive efficiency can improve more than 10%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to insecticide and raise field, especially, relate to a kind of method raising beet armyworm.
Background technology
The lepidoptera pests such as beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua H ü bner) are class primary pests on vegetable, all
Having fulminant, binge, (department rises cloud etc. 2009 to be easily generated the features such as Drug resistance;Liu Xiangyang etc. 2007;Moulton et
Al 2000), cause difficulty of prevention and cure to increase, cost accounting improves, and pesticide residues exceed standard, and directly threaten food safety, and it is right to hinder
Outer Trade Development, destroys ecological balance (Lu Kai etc. 2005;Huang answers family 2013).
Set up beet armyworm strain, optimize beet armyworm artificial diet technique, it is provided that a large amount of normal developments, neat and consistent
For examination worm source, it is insecticide Physiology and biochemistry, the element task of the multinomial research such as entomological genetics and insect toxicology.Insect growth week
Phase is short, and population quantity is big, is by the best model organism material of biological study.Artificial from starting calliphora vomitoria in 1908
After feed formula, the research of insecticide artificial breeding progressively grows up.Insect artificial diet is carried out by lot of domestic and international scholar
Research, especially most with lepidopteran insects.
Chinese invention patent CN201110386742.9 discloses the feed formula of a kind of beet armyworm, and this Feed Material is easy
, low cost, the formula of artificial feed for beet armyworm of beet armyworm can be bred in a large number, but in order to improve beet armyworm further
Reproductive efficiency, it is necessary to study a kind of new formula of artificial feed for beet armyworm.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to study a kind of method raising beet armyworm.
A kind of method raising beet armyworm, follows the steps below:
A, product has the ovum paper shears of Beet Armyworm Eggs be cut into the little scraps of paper be placed in sterile petri dish, after ovum blackening, put
Enter a small amount of feedstuff, after larva hatches completely, abandon ovum paper;
B, 1-3 raise age in culture dish always, and in each culture dish, larva 250-300 head, puts into feedstuff;
C, after larva length to 3 ages, larva 8-10 head in each culture dish, with brush pen, larva is allocated to other culture dish,
Putting into feedstuff, treat long to 4 age ends removing Excreta, interpolation feedstuff, when supporting prepupal period, just feedstuff is eaten up, and is allowed in cultivation
Ware is pupated.
Preferably, the described condition raising beet armyworm is: temperature 26 ± 1 DEG C, photoperiod illumination 14h/ dark 10h,
Relative humidity is 65-70%R.H..
Preferably, described feedstuff is the feedstuff beneficially improving beet armyworm reproductive efficiency.
Preferably, the described feedstuff being conducive to raising beet armyworm reproductive efficiency, including the one-tenth of following percentage by weight
Point:
Semen Maydis powder 15-25%
Yeast powder 5-8%
Citric acid 0.1-0.3%
Sodium benzoate 2-5%
Sucrose 3-5%
Vitamin C 0.5-1%
Folium Mori 3-5%
Radix Angelicae Sinensis powder 1-2%
Semen Cassiae powder 0.3-0.6%
Water surplus.
Preferably, the described feedstuff being conducive to raising beet armyworm reproductive efficiency, including the one-tenth of following percentage by weight
Point:
Semen Maydis powder 15-20%
Yeast powder 6-8%
Citric acid 0.2-0.3%
Sodium benzoate 3-4%
Sucrose 4-5%
Vitamin C 0.5-0.8%
Folium Mori 3-5%
Radix Angelicae Sinensis powder 1-1.5%
Semen Cassiae powder 0.3-0.5%
Water surplus.
Preferably, the described feedstuff being conducive to raising beet armyworm reproductive efficiency, including the one-tenth of following percentage by weight
Point:
Semen Maydis powder 18%
Yeast powder 7%
Citric acid 0.25%
Sodium benzoate 3.5%
Sucrose 4.5%
Vitamin C 0.65%
Folium Mori 4%
Radix Angelicae Sinensis powder 1.25%
Semen Cassiae powder 0.45%
Water surplus.
Preferably, the described feedstuff being conducive to raising beet armyworm reproductive efficiency, including the one-tenth of following percentage by weight
Point:
Semen Maydis powder 15%
Yeast powder 6%
Citric acid 0.3%
Sodium benzoate 3%
Sucrose 5%
Vitamin C 0.5%
Folium Mori 5%
Radix Angelicae Sinensis powder 1%
Semen Cassiae powder 0.5%
Water surplus.
Preferably, the described feedstuff being conducive to raising beet armyworm reproductive efficiency, including the one-tenth of following percentage by weight
Point:
Semen Maydis powder 15%
Yeast powder 8%
Citric acid 0.2%
Sodium benzoate 4%
Sucrose 4%
Vitamin C 0.8%
Folium Mori 3%
Radix Angelicae Sinensis powder 1.5%
Semen Cassiae powder 0.3%
Water surplus.
Preferably, described yeast powder is feed grade yeast powder.
Feed grade yeast powder refers exclusively to carbohydrates such as starch, molasses and the high concentrated organic waste liquids such as monosodium glutamate, ethanol
For primary raw material, through liquid aerlbic culture yeast, and from it ferments, separate the product prepared after yeast thalline drying,
Belong to one of single-cell protein.
The method have the advantages that the method raising beet armyworm of the present invention, for beet armyworm growth
Different phase, sets the different beet armyworm unit are numbers of animals raised, is conducive to its healthy, safety growth;Employing is conducive to carrying
The feedstuff of high beet armyworm reproductive efficiency, on the basis of traditional beet armyworm feedstuff, with the addition of Radix Angelicae Sinensis powder and Semen Cassiae powder
Two Chinese medicine, combines with Folium Mori, can improve beet armyworm immunity, thus reach to improve its larva survival rate, percentage of pupation
Effect with eclosion rate.
In addition to objects, features and advantages described above, the present invention also has other objects, features and advantages.
The present invention is further detailed explanation below.
Detailed description of the invention
Hereinafter embodiments of the invention are described in detail, but the present invention can limit according to claim and cover
Multitude of different ways implement.
Embodiment 1
A kind of method raising beet armyworm, follows the steps below:
A, product has the ovum paper shears of Beet Armyworm Eggs be cut into the little scraps of paper be placed in sterile petri dish, after ovum blackening, put
Enter a small amount of feedstuff, after larva hatches completely, abandon ovum paper;
B, 1-3 raise age in culture dish always, and in each culture dish, larva 280, put into feedstuff;
C, after larva length to 3 ages, larva 9 in each culture dish, with brush pen, larva is allocated to other culture dish, puts into
Feedstuff, treats long to 4 age ends removing Excreta, and interpolation feedstuff, when supporting prepupal period, just feedstuff is eaten up, and is allowed in culture dish
Pupate.
Described feedstuff is the feedstuff beneficially improving beet armyworm reproductive efficiency.
Described is conducive to improving the feedstuff of beet armyworm reproductive efficiency, including the composition of following percentage by weight:
Semen Maydis powder 18%
Yeast powder 7%
Citric acid 0.25%
Sodium benzoate 3.5%
Sucrose 4.5%
Vitamin C 0.65%
Folium Mori 4%
Radix Angelicae Sinensis powder 1.25%
Semen Cassiae powder 0.45%
Water surplus.
Described yeast powder is feed grade yeast powder.
Embodiment 2
A kind of method raising beet armyworm, follows the steps below:
A, product has the ovum paper shears of Beet Armyworm Eggs be cut into the little scraps of paper be placed in sterile petri dish, after ovum blackening, put
Enter a small amount of feedstuff, after larva hatches completely, abandon ovum paper;
B, 1-3 raise age in culture dish always, and in each culture dish, larva 300, put into feedstuff;
C, after larva length to 3 ages, larva 8 in each culture dish, with brush pen, larva is allocated to other culture dish, puts into
Feedstuff, treats long to 4 age ends removing Excreta, and interpolation feedstuff, when supporting prepupal period, just feedstuff is eaten up, and is allowed in culture dish
Pupate.
Described feedstuff is the feedstuff beneficially improving beet armyworm reproductive efficiency.
Described is conducive to improving the feedstuff of beet armyworm reproductive efficiency, including the composition of following percentage by weight:
Semen Maydis powder 15%
Yeast powder 6%
Citric acid 0.3%
Sodium benzoate 3%
Sucrose 5%
Vitamin C 0.5%
Folium Mori 5%
Radix Angelicae Sinensis powder 1%
Semen Cassiae powder 0.5%
Water surplus.
Described yeast powder is feed grade yeast powder.
Embodiment 3
A kind of method raising beet armyworm, follows the steps below:
A, product has the ovum paper shears of Beet Armyworm Eggs be cut into the little scraps of paper be placed in sterile petri dish, after ovum blackening, put
Enter a small amount of feedstuff, after larva hatches completely, abandon ovum paper;
B, 1-3 raise age in culture dish always, and in each culture dish, larva 250, put into feedstuff;
C, after larva length to 3 ages, larva 10 in each culture dish, with brush pen, larva is allocated to other culture dish, puts
Entering feedstuff, treat long to 4 age ends removing Excreta, interpolation feedstuff, when supporting prepupal period, just feedstuff is eaten up, and is allowed at culture dish
In pupate.
Described feedstuff is the feedstuff beneficially improving beet armyworm reproductive efficiency.
Described is conducive to improving the feedstuff of beet armyworm reproductive efficiency, including the composition of following percentage by weight:
Semen Maydis powder 15%
Yeast powder 8%
Citric acid 0.2%
Sodium benzoate 4%
Sucrose 4%
Vitamin C 0.8%
Folium Mori 3%
Radix Angelicae Sinensis powder 1.5%
Semen Cassiae powder 0.3%
Water surplus.
Described yeast powder is feed grade yeast powder.
Comparative example 1
Radix Angelicae Sinensis powder in embodiment 1 and Semen Cassiae powder being removed, other condition is constant simultaneously.
Comparative example 2
Being removed by Radix Angelicae Sinensis powder in embodiment 1, other condition is constant.
Comparative example 3
Being removed by Semen Cassiae powder in embodiment 1, other condition is constant.
Under equal conditions, the feedstuff of embodiment 1-3 and comparative example 1-3 is carried out feeding experiment, is counted as follows
According to:
Table 1: beet exigua larvae survival rate, percentage of pupation and eclosion rate data in feeding experiment:
By testing data above it is recognised that after the present invention adds Radix Angelicae Sinensis powder and Semen Cassiae powder, beet exigua larvae is become
Motility rate, percentage of pupation and eclosion rate have lifting by a relatively large margin, and the reproductive efficiency general increase of beet armyworm reaches more than 10%.
By testing data above it is recognised that be individually added into Radix Angelicae Sinensis powder or Semen Cassiae powder, than be simultaneously introduced Radix Angelicae Sinensis powder and
The effect of Semen Cassiae powder is far short of what is expected.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, for the skill of this area
For art personnel, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.All within the spirit and principles in the present invention, that is made any repaiies
Change, equivalent, improvement etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. the method raising beet armyworm, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
A, product has the ovum paper shears of Beet Armyworm Eggs be cut into the little scraps of paper be placed in sterile petri dish, after ovum blackening, put
Enter a small amount of feedstuff, after larva hatches completely, abandon ovum paper;
B, 1-3 raise age in culture dish always, and in each culture dish, larva 250-300 head, puts into feedstuff;
C, after larva length to 3 ages, larva 8-10 head in each culture dish, with brush pen, larva is allocated to other culture dish,
Putting into feedstuff, treat long to 4 age ends removing Excreta, interpolation feedstuff, when supporting prepupal period, just feedstuff is eaten up, and is allowed in cultivation
Ware is pupated.
2. the method raising beet armyworm as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the condition raising beet armyworm is: temperature
Spending 26 ± 1 DEG C, photoperiod illumination 14h/ dark 10h, relative humidity is 65-70%R.H..
3. the as claimed in claim 1 method raising beet armyworm, it is characterised in that described feedstuff is sweet for being conducive to improving
The feedstuff of dish noctuid reproductive efficiency.
4. the as claimed in claim 3 method raising beet armyworm, it is characterised in that described being conducive to improves beet armyworm
The feedstuff of reproductive efficiency, including the composition of following percentage by weight:
Semen Maydis powder 15-25%
Yeast powder 5-8%
Citric acid 0.1-0.3%
Sodium benzoate 2-5%
Sucrose 3-5%
Vitamin C 0.5-1%
Folium Mori 3-5%
Radix Angelicae Sinensis powder 1-2%
Semen Cassiae powder 0.3-0.6%
Water surplus.
5. the as claimed in claim 3 method raising beet armyworm, it is characterised in that described being conducive to improves beet armyworm
The feedstuff of reproductive efficiency, including the composition of following percentage by weight:
Semen Maydis powder 15-20%
Yeast powder 6-8%
Citric acid 0.2-0.3%
Sodium benzoate 3-4%
Sucrose 4-5%
Vitamin C 0.5-0.8%
Folium Mori 3-5%
Radix Angelicae Sinensis powder 1-1.5%
Semen Cassiae powder 0.3-0.5%
Water surplus.
6. the as claimed in claim 3 method raising beet armyworm, it is characterised in that described being conducive to improves beet armyworm
The feedstuff of reproductive efficiency, including the composition of following percentage by weight:
Semen Maydis powder 18%
Yeast powder 7%
Citric acid 0.25%
Sodium benzoate 3.5%
Sucrose 4.5%
Vitamin C 0.65%
Folium Mori 4%
Radix Angelicae Sinensis powder 1.25%
Semen Cassiae powder 0.45%
Water surplus.
7. the as claimed in claim 3 method raising beet armyworm, it is characterised in that described being conducive to improves beet armyworm
The feedstuff of reproductive efficiency, including the composition of following percentage by weight:
Semen Maydis powder 15%
Yeast powder 6%
Citric acid 0.3%
Sodium benzoate 3%
Sucrose 5%
Vitamin C 0.5%
Folium Mori 5%
Radix Angelicae Sinensis powder 1%
Semen Cassiae powder 0.5%
Water surplus.
8. the as claimed in claim 3 method raising beet armyworm, it is characterised in that described being conducive to improves beet armyworm
The feedstuff of reproductive efficiency, including the composition of following percentage by weight:
Semen Maydis powder 15%
Yeast powder 8%
Citric acid 0.2%
Sodium benzoate 4%
Sucrose 4%
Vitamin C 0.8%
Folium Mori 3%
Radix Angelicae Sinensis powder 1.5%
Semen Cassiae powder 0.3%
Water surplus.
9. the method raising beet armyworm as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that described yeast powder is feed grade yeast
Powder.
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CN113455586A (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2021-10-01 | 江苏科技大学 | Method for improving content of alpha-linolenic acid in prodenia litura |
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邵天玉等: "甜菜夜蛾人工饲料筛选", 《黑龙江农业科学》 * |
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CN113455586A (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2021-10-01 | 江苏科技大学 | Method for improving content of alpha-linolenic acid in prodenia litura |
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