CN106246193A - Strong karst high rich water urban shallow tunnel cantilever excavator construction - Google Patents
Strong karst high rich water urban shallow tunnel cantilever excavator construction Download PDFInfo
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- CN106246193A CN106246193A CN201610803913.6A CN201610803913A CN106246193A CN 106246193 A CN106246193 A CN 106246193A CN 201610803913 A CN201610803913 A CN 201610803913A CN 106246193 A CN106246193 A CN 106246193A
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/12—Devices for removing or hauling away excavated material or spoil; Working or loading platforms
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/12—Devices for removing or hauling away excavated material or spoil; Working or loading platforms
- E21D9/126—Loading devices or installations
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
- G01V3/15—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for use during transport, e.g. by a person, vehicle or boat
- G01V3/17—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for use during transport, e.g. by a person, vehicle or boat operating with electromagnetic waves
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of strong karst high rich water urban shallow tunnel cantilever excavator construction, comprise the following steps: carry out excavating the measurement and positioning of face, then utilize advanced geology prediction system to carry out geological exploration;Use cantilever excavator and pick above thereof that rock mass is excavated;When debris runs up to a certain amount of, use excavator charging at development machine rear, utilize transport vehicle or belt feeder debris to be transported in vertical shaft aggregate bin, then by bunker lift to ground;After development machine completes an excavation circulation, retreated to face rear certain distance, after perform anchor pole, set up steel truss;Carry out serving as a contrast at the beginning of gunite concrete construction, close the scar of excavation;Carry out two lining concrete pouring constructions, form molding tunnel, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: excavate by the way of cantilever excavator uses and peels off rock stratum from level to level, impact on periphery is less, improve construction safety and quality, improve efficiency of construction simultaneously, reduce construction cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to tunnelling technical field, particularly relate to a kind of strong karst high rich water urban shallow tunnel cantilever pick
Enter machine construction.
Background technology
Subway work is generally carried out in each big city now, for the difference of different regions hydrogeologic condition, tunnel
The construction of driving is also the most perfect, and especially in prosperity location, city, complex geologic conditions, building construction are intensive, car
In the case of flow is big, populous, for guaranteeing the construction safety in work progress and safety of surrounding environment, reduce periphery
Resident and the impact of building, in tunnelling, if tunnel is in typical karst landform area, meet in work progress
Solution cavity probability is very big, and prominent mud retention of excessive fluid phenomenon occurs often, and the integrity of rock is the most very poor, and location residing for tunnel is high karst, height
Water abundant ground, geological conditions is considerably complicated, and construction safety risk is big, and technical difficulty is high, therefore, need to work out one and be applicable to multiple
The construction method of urban shallow tunnel under miscellaneous geological environment, solves difficult the asking of subway work under the complicated geological environment of city
Topic.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the invention provides a kind of strong karst high rich water urban shallow tunnel cantilever driving
Machine construction, its objective is to realize tunnelling work under complex landform, and less on surrounding enviroment impact, safety
Property is higher.
To achieve these goals, the present invention provides techniques below scheme:
A kind of strong karst high rich water urban shallow tunnel cantilever excavator construction, comprises the following steps:
S1: carry out excavating the measurement and positioning of face, then utilize advanced geology prediction system to carry out geological exploration;
S2: use cantilever excavator and pick above thereof that rock mass is excavated, and utilize the deslagging that development machine carries
Device completes the first discharge of debris;
S3: when debris runs up to a certain amount of, uses excavator charging, utilizes transport vehicle or belt feeder at development machine rear
Debris is transported in vertical shaft aggregate bin, then is promoted to ground by hopper or other vertical transferring apparatus;
S4: development machine complete one excavation circulation after, retreated to face rear certain distance, after perform anchor pole, frame
If steel truss;
S5: carry out serving as a contrast at the beginning of gunite concrete construction, closes the scar of excavation, completes preliminary bracing;
S6: carry out two lining concrete pouring constructions, forms molding tunnel.
Further, before S2 step, carry out advance borehole or geological drilling, verify in front of tunnel heading certain limit
Whether it is distributed solution cavity, if so, determines solution cavity position and size, take to sluice and slip casting closure filling to it, then digging excavation;If
No, directly carry out digging excavation.
Further, in step s 2, in development machine digging process under wear construction time constantly lay ground monitoring, with prison
Survey data and carry out dynamical feedback, control the excavation length of each P. drechsleri.
Further, in step s 2, constantly it is aerated operating with ventilation and dust removal during tunneler construction, ventilates
Using forced ventilation, convulsion uses dust removal machine convulsion.
Further, in step sl, advanced geology prediction system exploration includes:
A, horizontal protruded drill hole: during construction, each section of face lays 4 inspecting holes a hole coring, exploration hole 15m
One circulation, single hole length 20m, the lap of splice between adjacent detector hole is 5m;
B, geological radar: face arranges 5 lines, every 15m mono-circulation, investigation depth 20m, adjacent twice overlap joint 5m;
C, infrared detecting water: face arranges 20 points, every 20m mono-circulation, investigation depth 25m, adjacent twice overlap joint 5m.
The invention provides a kind of strong karst high rich water urban shallow tunnel cantilever excavator construction, its beneficial effect
Being: excavate by the way of cantilever excavator uses and peels off rock stratum from level to level, the impact on periphery is less, improves construction safety
And quality, improve efficiency of construction simultaneously, reduce construction cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The development machine of the strong karst high rich water urban shallow tunnel cantilever excavator construction that Fig. 1 provides for the present invention
A kind of cutting mode schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 executes for the development machine of the strong karst high rich water urban shallow tunnel cantilever excavator construction that the present invention provides
Work operation transition diagram;
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in embodiment of the present invention is carried out clearly
Chu, it is fully described by, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the present invention rather than whole realities
Execute example.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are institute under not making creative work premise
The every other embodiment obtained, broadly falls into the scope of protection of the invention.
The invention provides a kind of strong karst high rich water urban shallow tunnel cantilever excavator construction, including following step
Rapid:
S1: carry out excavating the measurement and positioning of face, then utilize advanced geology prediction system to carry out geological exploration;
S2: use cantilever excavator and pick above thereof that rock mass is excavated, and utilize the deslagging that development machine carries
Device completes the first discharge of debris;
S3: when debris runs up to a certain amount of, uses excavator charging, utilizes transport vehicle or belt feeder at development machine rear
Debris is transported in vertical shaft aggregate bin, then is promoted to ground by hopper or other vertical transferring apparatus;
S4: development machine complete one excavation circulation after, retreated to face rear certain distance, after perform anchor pole, frame
If steel truss;
S5: carry out serving as a contrast at the beginning of gunite concrete construction, closes the scar of excavation, completes preliminary bracing;
S6: carry out two lining concrete pouring constructions, forms molding tunnel.
Pass through above-mentioned steps so that excavate by the way of cantilever excavator uses and peels off rock stratum from level to level, to periphery
Affect less, improve construction safety and quality, improve efficiency of construction simultaneously, reduce construction cost.
Before S2 step, carry out advance borehole or geological drilling, whether be distributed in verifying front of tunnel heading certain limit
Solution cavity, if so, determines solution cavity position and size, takes to sluice and slip casting closure filling to it, then digging excavation;If it is not, directly
Carry out digging excavation.
In the type selecting of development machine, can be according to tunneling boring height, width and formation hardness several parameter determination development machine
Model, such as: tunneling boring height is 5.73m, width is 6.62m, and formation hardness is 30MPa to 60MPa, according to these join
Number, the development machine that model can be used to be EBZ260.
The mode of cantilever excavator cut can be taked when excavating, after boom-type roadheader is in place, start from face
Bottom level cuts a groove, moves forward development machine the most in place, and rear cutterhead in place is taked from bottom to top, left and right is followed
Ring cutting is cut, and loads first conveyor in the cutting quarrel that cutting is got off by shovel board portion raking pawl simultaneously, and first conveyor is transported to second
Transporter, second conveyor is directly loadable into mucking machine and transports outside hole, then excavates from bottom after top completes, and carries out secondary finishing
To reach design section accurately, when hard rock is met in local, hardness is more than 100MPa, can first dig soft rock around, make bulk hard
Rock falls, and to reduce driving difficulty and pick consumption, the cutting form of boom-type roadheader is to start cut from sweeping the end, then presses
Cut route cut above section step by step upwards is circulated about S type or Z-type.
As it is shown in figure 1, can be selected for dextrorotation cutterhead cut hard rock in practice, first start cut from sweeping the end the most from right to left,
Again by mode from left to right, from bottom to top or turn left from the right side, the most progressively carry out cut, rock as preferable in joints development
Stone, then should select progressively to cut along rock joint direction.
The customizable different pick of rock and reasonably pick helix arrangement for different hardness, it is ensured that machine has
Preferably digging ability, and there is self-cleaning function, optimal cutterhead can be selected according to actual working conditions, improve efficiency of construction,
When hard rock is met in local, can select minor diameter cutting head, cutting force is big, and rock breaking capacity is strong, to reduce driving difficulty and to cut
Tooth consumption.
In mining process, need to carry out cantilever excavator out break control, owing to tunnel construction environment is complicated, use pick
Enter the construction method of machine non-explosive excavation, omnidistance cannot set up instrument in development machine digging process and measure, it is therefore desirable to
Guide excavation direction, to this end, the part just can propped up in tunnel installs a ring laser orientation instrument, before excavation, adjust laser
The direction of director, allows laser shine at face to instruct excavation, simultaneously according to tunnel line style suitably adjust laser orientation instrument away from
The distance of face, uses said method can preferably control out break, reduces spray batch mixing, the most cost-effective, to tunnel
A guiding effect is played in the control of driving.
In step S3, for improving in-cavity construction environment, reduce labor strength, small-sized development machine rear portion configuration one
Excavator and dump truck coordinate development machine to slag tap, and the dregs that cut is got off by development machine ships upper conveyor belt, transhipment by raking pawl
To development machine afterbody, digging machine shipment transports to dump truck, provides construction site in time for development machine excavation.
In step S4, after face contour line is repaired, the self-control stand part to having excavated need to be used to carry out stand
Operation, a self-control just long 6m of stand, wide 5m, high 5m, use I 18 I-steel to process, be divided into upper and lower two work platformses,
First by stand extremely excavation scope of operation rear portion, development machine top before excavation, after face has excavated, development machine is exited, simultaneously
With development machine by stand top to the stand scope of operation, it is ensured that after stand is stable, development machine is exited.
Wherein, as in figure 2 it is shown, owing to development machine size is bigger, can just walk in tunnel, if development machine is one
Individual face is still parked in this face after having excavated, and the work efficiency of development machine will not reach expected effect, simultaneously the most serious
Affect face stand, spray concrete work, therefore, reasonably can change between procedure each in tunnel, it is ensured that construct into
Degree, it is ensured that make full use of development machine, gives full play to the work efficiency of development machine, should be noted in the process development machine simultaneously
Maintenance work, it is to avoid mechanical failure causes the unnecessary time to waste, concrete methods of realizing is: two development machines are arranged in respectively
Left, right excavating, when development machine has excavated, development machine will just prop up after stand pushing tow puts in place, and development machine is retracted into horizontal stroke
Turn around at passage to respectively enter that a left side is prolonged, the right side is prolonged and excavated, the most left, right carry out stand and spray concrete operation, basic guarantee
Stand, spray concrete time period in driving function another one face has been excavated, it is ensured that rank between each operation in tunnel
Connecing, if the inverted arch digging distance of certain face reaches related request, development machine carries out after excavation completes at a face,
Enter another face and carry out inverted arch excavation, if another face also reaches requirement, take same method to carry out turning
Change operation.
In one preferably embodiment, in step s 2, in development machine digging process under wear construction time constantly lay
Ground monitoring, carries out dynamical feedback with Monitoring Data, controls the excavation length of each P. drechsleri.
In one preferably embodiment, in step s 2, constantly it is aerated and convulsion during tunneler construction
Dust removal operation, ventilates and uses forced ventilation, and convulsion uses dust removal machine convulsion, owing to cantilever excavator can be produced in tunneling process
Raw a large amount of dust, use conventional forced ventilation dust can be made to blow to inside tunnel, in development machine digging process, in tunnel
It is constantly in the state that dust concentration is high, is not attacked by dust for workmen during ensureing constructing tunnel so that in tunnel
There is a good construction environment, use the sprinkling equipment in cutting head of roadheader can not meet construction operation environmental requirement, need
Dust concentration is taken effective measures by cantilever excavator tunneling process, as increased removing of a 22KW at development machine rear
Dirt blower fan, is transformed into the forced mode combined with pull-out type, the position of dedusting fan from original forced ventilation
The following method of main employing determines:
Dedusting fan can absorb substantial amounts of air pollution by inlet scoop in tunnel, and is filled by the dedusting of therein
Put the dust filtered in air pollution, and fresh air is discharged, it is achieved to the seizure of dust in tunnel, dedusting fan inlet scoop
Airflow can form district of local decompression around, the existence in district of local decompression is confluxed for air pollution important work
With, by the conflux calculating formula of effective absorption distance of air port it is:Taking tunnel cross-section area is 38, available dedusting fan
Effective absorption distance be about 18.6m, in actual Design of ventilation, press-in resh air requirement be 6 to 8m3/ s, tuyere diameter 1.2m, be pressed into mouth
Wind speed is about 6m/s, and the inlet scoop flow of dedusting fan is 4m3/ s, tuyere diameter 0.6m, the air velocity in air port is up to
14.1m/s, local decompression's effect is fairly obvious, and this is also the basis of the dedusting fan effect of confluxing, in order to control dust as far as possible
At the least tunnel area, only need to ensure that its effective absorption distance can cover body afterbody, therefore, dedusting fan is arranged in
The position effect of boom-type roadheader rear about 18m is preferable, according to practical situation Adjustable calculation, it may be determined that tunnel blower blast is
1.5 times of dedusting fan blast, and dedusting fan is placed in away from face 30m position, the dust removing effects played is best.
In one preferably embodiment, in step sl, advanced geology prediction system exploration includes:
A, horizontal protruded drill hole: during construction, each section of face lays 4 inspecting holes a hole coring, exploration hole 15m
One circulation, single hole length 20m, the lap of splice between adjacent detector hole is 5m;
B, geological radar: face arranges 5 lines, every 15m mono-circulation, investigation depth 20m, adjacent twice overlap joint 5m;
C, infrared detecting water: face arranges 20 points, every 20m mono-circulation, investigation depth 25m, adjacent twice overlap joint 5m.
Owing to being in high karst, high region of FuShui in tunnel, in digging process, more commonly section difficulty is relatively big, need to be in conjunction with super
The result of front geological prediction system determines suitable cutting form, according to result of detection, shows at front of tunnel heading result of detection
In abnormal location digging process, general excavation method is: bore an aperture from out-of-the way position, the most in spiral form one
Circle circle expands outward, to ensure to reduce in tunneling process front country rock is caused big disturbance as far as possible, prevents dashing forward without predictability
The accidents such as mud retention of excessive fluid occur.
The scope of application of the present invention is relatively wide, and the surrounding enviroment that are applicable to construct are more complicated, tunnel or side, tunnel wear or under
Wear the bigger construction paragraph of the security risks such as building, river, road and owing to a variety of causes can not use Blasting Excavation to execute
The similar Tunnel Engineering of work.
Present invention have an advantage that
1, using cantilever excavator as rock excavation machinery, carrying out tunnel excavation, mechanization degree relatively drilling and blasting method is high, ground
Without blasting vibration, the disturbance to stratum is minimum.
2, cantilever excavator excavation sets with anchor pole, gunite concrete, the erection linking construction of steel truss (arch) frame, enters successively
OK, tunnel excavation and preliminary bracing are completed.
3, cantilever excavator excavation is combined with geologic prediction, uses Advance Drilling and geophysical prospecting method to determine the geology in front
Situation, advanced processing and construction for solution cavity provide and support.
4, the face location technology that mobile laser guides is used, it is ensured that the accuracy of face position.
5, combine closely field monitoring, dynamically adjust tunneler construction speed, it is ensured that the safety of Adjacent Buildings.
The above, the only preferable embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, every according to the present invention's
Any trickle amendment, equivalent and the improvement that above example is made by technical spirit, should be included in the technology of the present invention side
Within the protection domain of case.
Claims (5)
1. one kind strong karst high rich water urban shallow tunnel cantilever excavator construction, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
S1: carry out excavating the measurement and positioning of face, then utilize advanced geology prediction system to carry out geological exploration;
S2: use cantilever excavator and pick above thereof that rock mass is excavated, and utilize the slag-draining device that development machine carries
Complete the first discharge of debris;
S3: when debris runs up to a certain amount of, uses excavator charging, utilizes transport vehicle or belt feeder by slag at development machine rear
Stone is transported in vertical shaft aggregate bin, then is promoted to ground by hopper or other vertical transferring apparatus;
After S4: development machine completes an excavation circulation, retreated to face rear certain distance, after perform anchor pole, set up steel
Truss;
S5: carry out serving as a contrast at the beginning of gunite concrete construction, closes the scar of excavation, completes preliminary bracing;
S6: carry out two lining concrete pouring constructions, forms molding tunnel.
Strong karst high rich water urban shallow tunnel cantilever excavator construction the most according to claim 1, its feature exists
In, before S2 step, carry out advance borehole or geological drilling, in verifying front of tunnel heading certain limit, whether be distributed solution cavity,
If so, determine solution cavity position and size, take to sluice and slip casting closure filling to it, then digging excavation;If it is not, directly dig
Enter excavation.
Strong karst high rich water urban shallow tunnel cantilever excavator construction the most according to claim 2, its feature exists
In, in step s 2, in development machine digging process under wear construction time constantly lay ground monitoring, carry out dynamically with Monitoring Data
Feedback, controls the excavation length of each P. drechsleri.
Strong karst high rich water urban shallow tunnel cantilever excavator construction the most according to claim 1, its feature exists
In, in step s 2, constantly it is aerated operating with ventilation and dust removal during tunneler construction, ventilating, it is forced logical to use
Wind, convulsion uses dust removal machine convulsion.
Strong karst high rich water urban shallow tunnel cantilever excavator construction the most according to claim 1, its feature exists
In, in step sl, advanced geology prediction system exploration includes:
A, horizontal protruded drill hole: during construction, each section of face lays 4 inspecting holes a hole coring, exploration hole 15m mono-
Circulation, single hole length 20m, the lap of splice between adjacent detector hole is 5m;
B, geological radar: face arranges 5 lines, every 15m mono-circulation, investigation depth 20m, adjacent twice overlap joint 5m;
C, infrared detecting water: face arranges 20 points, every 20m mono-circulation, investigation depth 25m, adjacent twice overlap joint 5m.
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN201610803913.6A CN106246193A (en) | 2016-09-06 | 2016-09-06 | Strong karst high rich water urban shallow tunnel cantilever excavator construction |
EA201800133A EA037864B1 (en) | 2016-09-06 | 2017-04-05 | Construction method of strong karst water-rich urban shallow-buried tunnel using cantilever boring machine |
PCT/CN2017/079460 WO2018045746A1 (en) | 2016-09-06 | 2017-04-05 | Method for construction of boom-type roadheader for urban shallow tunnel with intensive karst and rich water |
AU2017101825A AU2017101825A4 (en) | 2016-09-06 | 2017-04-05 | Construction method of strong karst water-rich urban shallow-buried tunnel cantilever boring machine |
DE212017000027.9U DE212017000027U1 (en) | 2016-09-06 | 2017-04-05 | Console excavator machine system for heavily karstic water-rich urban shallow buried tunnels |
ZA2018/02021A ZA201802021B (en) | 2016-09-06 | 2018-03-27 | Method for construction of boom-type roadheader for urban shallow tunnel with intensive karst and rich water |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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CN201610803913.6A CN106246193A (en) | 2016-09-06 | 2016-09-06 | Strong karst high rich water urban shallow tunnel cantilever excavator construction |
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CN201610803913.6A Pending CN106246193A (en) | 2016-09-06 | 2016-09-06 | Strong karst high rich water urban shallow tunnel cantilever excavator construction |
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CN (1) | CN106246193A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2017101825A4 (en) |
DE (1) | DE212017000027U1 (en) |
EA (1) | EA037864B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2018045746A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA201802021B (en) |
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CN106837351A (en) * | 2017-01-22 | 2017-06-13 | 中南大学 | Tunnel Karst water detects Treatment Methods |
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WO2018045746A1 (en) * | 2016-09-06 | 2018-03-15 | 中铁二十四局集团南昌铁路工程有限公司 | Method for construction of boom-type roadheader for urban shallow tunnel with intensive karst and rich water |
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CN114233304A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-03-25 | 西南交通大学 | Full-mechanized construction method for soft rock tunnel |
CN114483054A (en) * | 2022-03-07 | 2022-05-13 | 中铁隧道局集团有限公司 | Non-explosive excavation construction method for pilot tunnel in upper soft and lower hard stratum |
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WO2018045746A1 (en) * | 2016-09-06 | 2018-03-15 | 中铁二十四局集团南昌铁路工程有限公司 | Method for construction of boom-type roadheader for urban shallow tunnel with intensive karst and rich water |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AU2017101825A4 (en) | 2018-03-29 |
EA201800133A1 (en) | 2018-11-30 |
DE212017000027U1 (en) | 2018-05-18 |
WO2018045746A1 (en) | 2018-03-15 |
ZA201802021B (en) | 2019-02-27 |
EA037864B1 (en) | 2021-05-28 |
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